CN112974859A - Double-curved-surface pole rod precision turning method - Google Patents
Double-curved-surface pole rod precision turning method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112974859A CN112974859A CN202110224974.8A CN202110224974A CN112974859A CN 112974859 A CN112974859 A CN 112974859A CN 202110224974 A CN202110224974 A CN 202110224974A CN 112974859 A CN112974859 A CN 112974859A
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- hyperboloid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B1/00—Methods for turning or working essentially requiring the use of turning-machines; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
Abstract
The invention discloses a hyperboloid pole rod precision turning method, which comprises the following steps: constructing a calculation model of the tool additional angle mu based on the tool attitude change and the hyperbolic profile in the turning of the hyperboloid pole to be processed, and obtaining the optimal offset and the minimum additional angle in the processing process according to the calculation model; s2, turning the hyperboloid pole rod in two steps by taking the cutter additional angle mu as 0 as a segmentation point of the partition turning, adopting clockwise rotation machining of the main shaft, and anticlockwise rotation machining after the clockwise rotation machining is finished, wherein when the main shaft rotates clockwise, an area with a negative mu value is designed as an idle stroke area; and S3, mounting the hyperboloid pole rod on a retainer, and processing according to the set processing stroke, wherein the rigidity of the retainer is greater than that of the hyperboloid pole rod. The invention can carry out turning processing on the slender rod with the length-diameter ratio more than 10, the hyperboloid line profile can be controlled to be submicron, and the surface roughness can reach about 10 nm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of precision turning, in particular to a method for precisely turning a hyperboloid pole rod.
Background
The ion trap pole rod is a typical non-circular section part with a large length-diameter ratio, the working surface of the ion trap pole rod is a hyperboloid type, the positioning surface is a cylindrical surface or a plane, and the hyperboloid type pole rod is shown as an attached drawing 1. Compared with the ion trap formed by the pole rods with the cylindrical cross section, the ion trap formed by the pole rods with the double curved surfaces can simulate an ideal quadrupole field. However, non-smooth surfaces and non-perfect hyperboloid profiles will limit critical performance such as resolution of the ion trap. Further, the pole is generally a weak rigid pole having a relatively large major diameter under the constraint of miniaturization and improvement of storage capacity. Therefore, it is difficult to manufacture the pole rod with high precision.
According to the search, the existing non-patent documents have the following three processing schemes for the pole rod with the hyperboloid type:
1. and (5) wire cutting and slow wire feeding forming. The wire cutting surface is provided with an electro-corrosion layer, so that the surface quality is generally poor, and in addition, the wire cutting equipment is difficult to obtain higher profile precision;
2. and (5) forming and grinding. And (5) grinding the shape of the grinding wheel into a concave hyperboloid, and grinding the pole rod. The profile precision of the workpiece is the copy of the grinding wheel precision, the precision grinding cost of the grinding wheel is high, and the prior literature can achieve the profile degree of 3 mu m.
3. And (4) quickly forming. In the literature, PMMA material is used for rapid forming, the surface is plated with a gold film, and the surface roughness is optimally 500 nm. The final profile accuracy is not given in the literature, but the dimensions of the laser beam considered are difficult to control on the order of microns.
The three methods have certain limitations to realize micron-level or even submicron-level profile accuracy and smooth surface quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hyperboloid pole rod precision turning method which is used for machining a rigid rod to meet the manufacturing requirements of high surface quality and high precision contour precision.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a double-curved-surface pole rod precision turning method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the optimal offset and the minimum additional angle in the process: constructing a calculation model of the tool additional angle mu based on the tool attitude change and the hyperbolic profile in the turning of the hyperboloid pole to be processed, and obtaining the optimal offset and the minimum additional angle in the processing process according to the calculation model;
s2, designing a machining stroke: adopting partition turning:
turning the hyperboloid pole rod in two steps by taking the cutter additional angle mu as 0 as a segmentation point of the partition turning, and adopting clockwise rotation machining of a main shaft firstly, and anticlockwise rotation machining after the clockwise rotation machining is finished, or adopting anticlockwise rotation machining of the main shaft firstly and clockwise rotation machining after the anticlockwise rotation machining is finished, wherein when the main shaft rotates clockwise or anticlockwise, an area with a negative mu value is designed as an idle stroke area;
and S3, mounting the hyperboloid pole rod on a retainer, and processing according to the set processing stroke, wherein the rigidity of the retainer is greater than that of the hyperboloid pole rod.
The hyperboloid pole rod has the following characteristics: (1) a non-rotationally symmetric structure; (2) the aspect ratio is large (> 10).
Aiming at the contour turning processing with a non-rotation symmetrical structure, a machine tool with a slow tool servo function is adopted for processing, different from the turning of a rotation symmetrical contour, in the non-rotation symmetrical contour turning process, the posture of a cutter relative to a workpiece is constantly changed, as shown in fig. 2. This results in a deviation of the actual working rake and relief angles of the tool from the nominal rake and relief angles, referred to as tool plus angles, and tool interference occurs when the tool plus angles exceed the nominal tool angles, as shown in position 1 in figure 2. When mu is a positive value, the working front angle of the cutter is reduced, and the working rear angle is increased; when mu is negative, the working front angle of the cutter is increased, and the working back angle is reduced.
The machining coordinate system of the hyperbolic profile is shown in fig. 3, the equation corresponding to the machining coordinate system is shown in formula (1), the equation is substituted into the tool additional angle analytical expression (2), and the additional angle expression for turning the hyperbolic profile is obtained and used for adjusting the offset of the curve in the machining system. And selecting the optimal offset by changing the offset of the curve equation in the coordinate system to obtain the minimum additional angle.
For some special curves, if the offset cannot meet the requirement by changing the offset, the regional turning is performed according to the change rule of the additional angle, as shown in fig. 4, generally, the generated additional angle of the tool is easy to cause the interference of the back angle of the tool, therefore, during the regional processing, the region is divided according to the positive and negative values of μ (the positive and negative signs in the formula (2) are not considered temporarily), and for the region with the negative value of μ, the main shaft is used for performing anticlockwise cutting, and at the moment, the actual value of μ is positive; and the area with the positive mu value is instantaneously cut by the spindle, so that the increase of the back angle of the cutter in each turning area can be ensured, and the cutter interference can not occur. The position of the segmentation point is 0, i.e., xdx + ydy d (x)2+y2) Where the radial dimension has an extreme value 0. The key of the regional turning is two points, firstly, the processing track of the idle stroke is reasonably designed, and smooth transition between the tracks is ensured; and secondly, two cutters are needed for turning the spindle in a forward and reverse rotating mode, and the cutter receiving quality between different cutting areas needs to be guaranteed.
As shown in fig. 4, the solid line part is the profile to be turned, and the intersection of the thin solid line and the thick solid line is μ ═ 0, which is used as the segmentation point of the segmented turning. When the main shaft rotates clockwise, the value of the fine line part mu is negative, namely the nominal clearance angle is reduced when the area is turned; therefore, an idle stroke area (dotted line) is designed to ensure smooth transition with the area of the thick solid line, and the actual turning processing track is a continuous track formed by connecting the dotted line and the thick solid line. Similarly, when the main shaft rotates reversely, the same idle stroke track is designed, and the black solid line area is processed. With this zoned turning strategy, the entire machined profile does not create the relief angle interference problem.
Aiming at the problem of weak rigidity caused by large length-diameter ratio, if turning is directly carried out, obvious chatter marks can be generated, the smooth surface and contour accuracy can not be ensured, and a rigidity enhancing technology is required. The hyperboloid pole rod is installed on the retainer, and the pole rod and the retainer bracket are positioned through the positioning surface. The servo turning program track of the slow cutter has designability, and a reasonable idle stroke needs to be designed to ensure that a machining tool does not interfere with the retainer.
In conclusion, the eccentric clamping and regional turning method is adopted to solve the problem of cutter interference in the non-circular section turning process, and the requirement on the rear angle of the cutter can be reduced; the slender rod with weak rigidity is installed on the retainer with strong rigidity by utilizing a slow-tool servo turning technology, a local curve is turned by a rigidity increasing technology, the slender rod with the length-diameter ratio larger than 10 can be turned, the profile degree of the hyperboloid line can be controlled to be submicron, and the surface roughness can reach about 10 nm.
Further, the construction process of the calculation model is as follows:
the equation of the obtained hyperbolic profile in the machining coordinate system is shown as the formula (1):
substituting the formula (1) into the cutter additional angle analytic expression as shown in the formula (2):
in the formula (2), when the main shaft rotates clockwise, the sign is plus, and vice versa.
Further, in step S2, the actual machining area and the idle stroke area are smoothly transitioned.
Further, in step S3, the hyperboloid pole bar and the holder are positioned by the positioning surface: the hyperboloid pole rod is installed on the retainer by utilizing the installation screw hole of the hyperboloid pole rod positioning surface, and the hyperboloid pole rod and the retainer are positioned through the positioning surface.
Further, a machine tool having a slow tool servo function is used for machining.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the invention adopts the eccentric clamping and regional turning method to solve the problem of cutter interference in the non-circular section turning process and reduce the requirement on the cutter back angle; the slender rod with weak rigidity is installed on a retainer with strong rigidity by utilizing a slow-tool servo turning technology, the slender rod with the length-diameter ratio larger than 10 can be turned by a rigidity increasing technology for turning a local curve, the profile degree of the hyperboloid line can be controlled to be submicron, and the surface roughness can reach about 10 nm.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a hyperboloid-type pole;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the change of tool attitude in turning of a hyperbolic section;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a machining coordinate system for a curved profile;
FIG. 4 is a sectional turning schematic;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the contour of a hyperboloid pole in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing additional angle changes in hyperbolic turning in example 1;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the turning locus of the hyperbolic surface in the divided regions in example 1;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a rigid retainer and clamping;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of hyperboloid profile results measured by the hyperboloid profilometer of example 1;
fig. 10 is a graph showing the results of measuring the surface roughness by the hyperboloid profiler of example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 5-10, a hyperboloid-type pole rod precision turning method is used for rigid rod machining to achieve the manufacturing requirements of high surface quality and high precision contour precision.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a double-curved-surface pole rod precision turning method comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring the optimal offset and the minimum additional angle in the process: constructing a calculation model of the tool additional angle mu based on the tool attitude change and the hyperbolic profile in the turning of the hyperboloid pole to be processed, and obtaining the optimal offset and the minimum additional angle in the processing process according to the calculation model;
s2, designing a machining stroke: adopting partition turning:
turning the hyperboloid pole rod in two steps by taking the cutter additional angle mu as 0 as a segmentation point of the partition turning, and adopting clockwise rotation machining of a main shaft firstly, and anticlockwise rotation machining after the clockwise rotation machining is finished, or adopting anticlockwise rotation machining of the main shaft firstly and clockwise rotation machining after the anticlockwise rotation machining is finished, wherein when the main shaft rotates clockwise or anticlockwise, an area with a negative mu value is designed as an idle stroke area;
and S3, mounting the hyperboloid pole rod on a retainer, and processing according to the set processing stroke, wherein the rigidity of the retainer is greater than that of the hyperboloid pole rod.
This example is illustrated by the cross-sectional profile of a hyperbolic pole piece shown in fig. 5, where the design coordinate system is the center of the arc, and the equation of the curve is shown in fig. 5, where r is 5mm, b is 7.5mm, a is 3mm, the length of the pole is 105mm, and the length-diameter ratio is greater than 10, where the cartesian coordinate equation of the processed hyperbolic curve is as shown in formula (1). The cylindrical surface is a positioning surface, and M3 screw holes are distributed on the cylindrical surface. Hyperboloid segments require line profile better than 1 micron and surface roughness of 0.1 micron.
Firstly, the additional angle of the hyperbolic part turning is analyzed and calculated according to the formula (2), the obtained change rule is as shown in fig. 6, when b is 7.5, the machining coordinate system is overlapped with the design coordinate system, the additional angle is +/-25 degrees, and the required cutter back angle is larger than 25 degrees. When b is 9.3, the required tool relief angle is reduced to a minimum of 10 °. Therefore, the eccentric amount of 1.8mm can be designed on the tool.
If a regional turning strategy is adopted, when a negative half shaft section is cut, the cutter attachment angle is a negative value, when a positive half shaft is cut, the cutter attachment angle is a positive value, y is 0, the attachment angle is 0, the point is taken as a segmentation point of the regional turning, when a main shaft rotates clockwise, only the positive half shaft is turned, and the negative half shaft is designed to have an idle stroke 1 so as to avoid the machined surface; when the negative half shaft is turned, the main shaft rotates anticlockwise, and the design of idle stroke is the same. The schematic of the trajectory is shown in fig. 7, in this case, the design of the idle stroke is divided into two parts, and in the specific design, the curve equation of the idle stroke 1 is to be determined
Wherein a1, B1 and k are undetermined coefficients, and in order to ensure the continuity of G2 at a point B, the following equations are required to be satisfied:
the equation set of equation (4) has a first equation satisfying G0 continuum and a second equation G2 continuum. Three undetermined coefficients exist in the two equations, and k is needed to ensure that the designed curve is out of the original curve<1, thus taking a1<a is required.
The design of the idle stroke 2 is used for ensuring that the cutter does not interfere with the tool during machining, a reasonable A/C point needs to be selected, and meanwhile, G1 at the A/C point is ensured to be continuous, so that a method of HERMITE interpolation is adopted, and the method is not detailed. Theoretically, by turning in zones, the tool relief angle does not require further.
In order to solve the problem of weak rigidity of the slender rod, a special rigid retainer is designed, the sizes of a positioning surface on the retainer and a positioning surface of the slender rod are matched, and the cylindrical eccentricity is 1.8 mm; the orientation reference is used as a reference for determining the zero position during machining, as shown in fig. 8.
The hyperboloid profile degree pv measured by the hyperboloid profile instrument of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 9; the results of the surface roughness Ra measured by the hyperboloid profilometer are shown in fig. 10, where pv is 0.388 μm and Ra is 13nm in fig. 9.
In conclusion, according to the embodiment, through the application of the rigid retainer, the profile accuracy of the 105 mm-length hyperbolic rod can reach 1 micron, and the surface roughness is 13 nm.
The tool additional angle control technology mentioned in the embodiment is not limited to weak rigidity slender machining, nor to cylindrical surface turning, and is applicable to the problem of tool interference in the general slow-tool servo turning process.
The aspect ratio of the invention greater than 10 is not a definition of an elongated rod and is merely exemplary in the present invention.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for precisely turning the hyperboloid pole is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, acquiring the optimal offset and the minimum additional angle in the machining process: constructing a calculation model of the tool additional angle mu based on the tool attitude change and the hyperbolic profile in the turning of the hyperboloid pole to be processed, and obtaining the optimal offset and the minimum additional angle in the processing process according to the calculation model;
s2, designing a machining stroke: adopting partition turning:
turning the hyperboloid pole rod in two steps by taking the cutter additional angle mu as 0 as a segmentation point of the partition turning, and adopting clockwise rotation machining of a main shaft firstly, and anticlockwise rotation machining after the clockwise rotation machining is finished, or adopting anticlockwise rotation machining of the main shaft firstly and clockwise rotation machining after the anticlockwise rotation machining is finished, wherein when the main shaft rotates clockwise or anticlockwise, an area with a negative mu value is designed as an idle stroke area;
and S3, mounting the hyperboloid pole rod on a retainer, and processing according to the set processing stroke, wherein the rigidity of the retainer is greater than that of the hyperboloid pole rod.
2. The method for precisely turning the hyperboloid-type pole rod as claimed in claim 1, wherein the calculation model is constructed by the following steps:
the equation of the obtained hyperbolic profile in the machining coordinate system is shown as the formula (1):
substituting the formula (1) into the cutter additional angle analytic expression as shown in the formula (2):
in the formula (2), when the main shaft rotates clockwise, the sign is plus, and vice versa.
3. The method for precisely turning the hyperboloid-type pole of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the actual machining area and the idle stroke area are smoothly transited.
4. The precision turning method for the hyperboloid pole rod is characterized in that in the step S3, the hyperboloid pole rod and the retainer are positioned through a positioning surface: the hyperboloid pole rod is installed on the retainer by utilizing the installation screw hole of the hyperboloid pole rod positioning surface, and the hyperboloid pole rod and the retainer are positioned through the positioning surface.
5. The method for precisely turning the hyperboloid-type pole rod according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a machine tool with a slow tool servo function is used for machining.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1521525A1 (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1989-11-15 | Предприятие П/Я В-2438 | Method of working shaped surfaces with cylindrical tools on n/c machines |
| JP2012071381A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-12 | Kanazawa Inst Of Technology | Non-circular machining method by turning |
| CN103187218A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-07-03 | 北京北分瑞利分析仪器(集团)有限责任公司 | Quadrupole rod with double curved surfaces, machining method of quadrupole rod, and quadrupole rod mass spectrometer |
| DE102012101488A1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-29 | Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Method for cutting non-circular contour of crankshaft by tool, involves guiding cutting edge of tool to radial line at variable angle, and directing edge perpendicular to tangent line that is formed at contour of workpiece |
| JP2014151396A (en) * | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-25 | Kanazawa Inst Of Technology | Non-circular working method with turning |
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2021
- 2021-03-01 CN CN202110224974.8A patent/CN112974859B/en active Active
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| SU1521525A1 (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1989-11-15 | Предприятие П/Я В-2438 | Method of working shaped surfaces with cylindrical tools on n/c machines |
| JP2012071381A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-04-12 | Kanazawa Inst Of Technology | Non-circular machining method by turning |
| DE102012101488A1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-29 | Gebr. Heller Maschinenfabrik Gmbh | Method for cutting non-circular contour of crankshaft by tool, involves guiding cutting edge of tool to radial line at variable angle, and directing edge perpendicular to tangent line that is formed at contour of workpiece |
| CN103187218A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-07-03 | 北京北分瑞利分析仪器(集团)有限责任公司 | Quadrupole rod with double curved surfaces, machining method of quadrupole rod, and quadrupole rod mass spectrometer |
| JP2014151396A (en) * | 2013-02-08 | 2014-08-25 | Kanazawa Inst Of Technology | Non-circular working method with turning |
| CN108367362A (en) * | 2015-11-17 | 2018-08-03 | 西铁城时计株式会社 | The processing method of lathe and lathe |
| CN107498069A (en) * | 2016-06-14 | 2017-12-22 | 沈阳鼓风机集团申蓝机械有限公司 | Pump housing joint portion off-centre operation processing technology |
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