CN112969168A - Method for avoiding maximum value of expected discovery delay of BLE equipment - Google Patents

Method for avoiding maximum value of expected discovery delay of BLE equipment Download PDF

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CN112969168A
CN112969168A CN202110171685.6A CN202110171685A CN112969168A CN 112969168 A CN112969168 A CN 112969168A CN 202110171685 A CN202110171685 A CN 202110171685A CN 112969168 A CN112969168 A CN 112969168A
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沈中
李振
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for avoiding maximum value of expected discovery delay of BLE equipment, which comprises the following steps: determining target working parameters; wherein the target operating parameter is an operating parameter related to discovery of BLE devices and the target operating parameter does not include a fixed advertising period of an advertiser BLE device; constructing a first set of fixed advertisement periods that maximize the expected discovery delay based on the target operating parameters; performing BLE standardization processing on the first fixed advertisement period set by using a preset objective function to obtain a second fixed advertisement period set which enables expected discovery delay to be maximum, so that any fixed advertisement period in the second fixed advertisement period set is not used when the advertising party BLE device performs device discovery. The invention may avoid that the expected discovery delay of the BLE device gets a maximum.

Description

Method for avoiding maximum value of expected discovery delay of BLE equipment
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and particularly relates to a method for avoiding maximum value acquisition of expected discovery delay of BLE equipment.
Background
BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) is a widely used wireless communication technology and is one of the key technologies of the internet of things. Many current smart devices, such as smart mobile phone, intelligent bracelet, bluetooth headset, smart audio amplifier etc. all support BLE. The BLE specification divides devices into scanners (scanners) and advertisers (advertisers). Two BLE devices first complete device discovery before connecting, with one BLE device acting as an advertiser, periodically triggering advertising events, each advertising event comprising the transmission of advertising packets to three advertising channels 37, 38 and 39; the other BLE device acts as a scanner, periodically scanning for three advertising channels. When the scanner receives the advertisement packet sent by the advertiser in a certain advertisement channel, the device discovery is completed; then, the two BLE devices can establish a bluetooth connection and perform data transmission. It follows that how fast the device discovers is critical for BLE applications.
The BLE specification provides in version 4.2 and beyond that, in order to avoid collisions of advertisement packets, the advertiser needs to add a pseudo-random delay of 0ms to 10ms before each advertisement event, thereby increasing the robustness of the communication system. However, although in practice the time for each device discovery is a random value, increasing the pseudo-random delay still results in an increase in the time for device discovery, which is not in accordance with the principle that the user wishes to be able to minimize the discovery delay.
To reduce the expected discovery delay, in the prior art, w.s.jeon et al proposed a method of evaluating the expected discovery delay in its published paper "Performance analysis of neighbor discovery process in Bluetooth low-energy networks" (2017IEEE trans. The method takes a time slot delta with a fixed length as a basic time unit, and the time slot can be large or small. While the parameter value for all BLE is approximately converted to the number of slots, e.g., α ═ Round (T/Δ), where Round (x) refers to the integer closest to x; the expected discovery delay is then evaluated using the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) to calculate the expected discovery delay.
However, the above approach does not avoid that the expected discovery delay of BLE devices gets a maximum.
Disclosure of Invention
To avoid the maximum in expected discovery delay of BLE devices, the present invention provides a method of avoiding the maximum in expected discovery delay of BLE devices.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method of avoiding maxima in expected discovery delay of a BLE device, comprising:
determining target working parameters; wherein the target operating parameter is an operating parameter related to discovery of BLE devices and the target operating parameter does not include a fixed advertising period of an advertiser BLE device;
constructing a first set of fixed advertisement periods that maximize the expected discovery delay based on the target operating parameters;
performing BLE standardization processing on the first fixed advertisement period set by using a preset objective function to obtain a second fixed advertisement period set which enables expected discovery delay to be maximum, so that any fixed advertisement period in the second fixed advertisement period set is not used when the advertising party BLE device performs device discovery.
Preferably, constructing a first set of fixed advertisement periods that maximize the expected discovery delay based on the target operating parameters comprises:
calculating two fixed advertisement period subsets that maximize the expected discovery delay using a first calculation formula and a second calculation formula, respectively, based on the target operating parameters;
obtaining a union of the two fixed advertisement period subsets to obtain a first fixed advertisement period set which enables the expected discovery delay to obtain a maximum value;
the first calculation formula is:
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000031
the second calculation formula is:
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000032
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000033
Tlmaxrepresenting the maximum value of the fixed scan period, T, allowed by the BLE specificationsRepresenting the scan period, T, of a scannable BLE devicewRepresenting the length of a scanning window of a scanning BLE device, R representing the maximum value of pseudo-random delay, and tau representing the time length required for the advertising BLE device to send an advertisement; t islA fixed advertisement period on behalf of the advertiser BLE device, the two fixed advertisement period subsets being respectively
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000034
And
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000035
Ts、Twr and tau all belong to the target operating parameter.
Preferably, BLE normalization processing is performed on the first fixed advertisement cycle set by using a preset objective function to obtain a second fixed advertisement cycle set which maximizes the expected discovery delay, and the BLE normalization processing includes:
substituting the fixed advertisement periods in the first fixed advertisement period set into a preset objective function one by one to carry out BLE standardization processing, and obtaining a second fixed advertisement period set which enables the expected discovery delay to obtain a maximum value;
the objective function is:
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000041
wherein g (T)l) For any fixed advertisement period T in the first fixed advertisement period setlPerforming BLE normalization processing on the result; at is the minimum value that the BLE specification allows for the fixed advertising period to vary.
Preferably, Δ t is 625 μ β; t iss、TwR, τ and TlThe units of (A) are all in mus.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a BLE device, including a processor, a bluetooth communication module, a memory, and a communication bus, where the processor, the bluetooth communication module, and the memory complete mutual communication through the communication bus;
the memory is used for storing a computer program;
the processor is used for matching another BLE device to realize discovery of the BLE Bluetooth device when executing the program stored in the memory;
wherein, when any said BLE device is used as an advertiser BLE device, the fixed advertisement period used by the advertiser BLE device does not belong to the second set of fixed advertisement periods obtained in any of the above methods of avoiding maxima in expected discovery delay of BLE devices.
In a third aspect, the present invention provides a computer readable storage medium having stored therein a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the method steps of any of the above methods of avoiding maxima in the expected discovery delay of a BLE device.
In the method for avoiding the maximum value of the expected discovery delay of the BLE device, a first fixed advertising period set enabling the maximum value of the expected discovery delay is constructed based on some working parameters related to discovery of the BLE device; moreover, according to the invention, BLE standardization processing is carried out on the first fixed advertising period set by utilizing a preset objective function, so that any fixed advertising period in the second fixed advertising period set is not used when the advertising party BLE device executes device discovery. Therefore, the invention accurately predicts the fixed advertisement interval which should be avoided under the given working parameters, innovatively provides a method for avoiding the maximum expected discovery delay of the BLE equipment, and can avoid the overlong discovery time of the BLE equipment.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
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Figure 1 is a flow chart of a method of avoiding maxima in the expected discovery delay of a BLE device provided by embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows simulation verification results for an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a BLE device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
In order to avoid that the expected discovery delay of the BLE device takes a maximum value, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for avoiding that the expected discovery delay of the BLE device takes a maximum value, as shown in fig. 1, the method includes the following steps:
s10: determining target working parameters; wherein the target operating parameter is an operating parameter related to discovery of BLE devices, and the target operating parameter does not include a fixed advertising period of an advertiser BLE device.
For example, the operating parameters related to BLE device discovery may include: scan cycle T of scannable BLE devicesScan window length T of scan side BLE devicewThe length of time tau required for the advertiser BLE device to send an advertisement, the length of time delta for the advertiser BLE device to listen to the channel after sending the advertisement, and the pseudorandom delay TdThe pseudo-random delays obey a uniform distribution, i.e. Td～U[0,R]And R is the maximum pseudo-random delay value defined in the BLE specification.
The inventors have found experimentally that the expected discovery delay of a BLE device is very sensitive to several of the operating parameters mentioned above, and that a change in the set value of any one of the operating parameters may result in an increased expected discovery delay. Among them, the inventors found through many experiments that one of the most sensitive cases includes: at Ts、Tw、Tdτ and δ are determined, the advertisement period T is fixedlIt is expected that the discovery delay will also be incremented by several times by simply increasing or decreasing the minimum value of 625 μ s that the BLE specification allows for variation. Therefore, the inventors believe that the use of these fixed advertising periods in the actual BLE device discovery process should be avoided as much as possible, which can greatly increase the expected discovery delay. Therefore, the temperature of the molten metal is controlled,the embodiment of the invention selects T from the working parameterss、TwR and τ are used as target operating parameters, and a first fixed advertisement period set which enables the expected discovery delay to be maximum is constructed based on the target operating parameters, so as to predict in advance a fixed advertisement period which is not suitable for being used in the discovery process of the BLE device, and please refer to the subsequent steps in the specific implementation process.
In practical applications, specific values of the target operating parameters are set by the user according to the BLE specification.
S20: based on the target operating parameters, a first set of fixed advertisement periods is constructed that maximizes the expected discovery delay.
Specifically, based on the target operating parameters selected in step S10, two fixed advertisement period subsets that maximize the expected discovery delay are calculated using a first calculation formula and a second calculation formula, respectively; the union of these two subsets of fixed advertisement periods is then found, resulting in a first set of fixed advertisement periods that maximizes the expected discovery delay.
The first calculation formula is:
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000061
the second calculation formula is:
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000062
in the above-mentioned two calculation formulas,
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000071
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000072
Tlmaxrepresenting the maximum number of fixed scan cycles allowed by the BLE Specification, T in the present stage BLE SpecificationlmaxEqual to 10240000 μ s; t islA fixed advertising period on behalf of the advertiser BLE device,
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000073
and
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000074
representing two fixed advertisement period subsets calculated by two calculation formulas, respectively, and the meanings of the remaining parameter symbols can be referred to as described in step S10.
S30: and performing BLE standardization processing on the first fixed advertising period set by using a preset objective function to obtain a second fixed advertising period set which enables the expected discovery delay to be maximum, so that the advertising party BLE device does not use any fixed advertising period in the second fixed advertising period set when the advertising party BLE device performs device discovery.
Specifically, the fixed advertisement periods in the first fixed advertisement period set are substituted into a preset objective function one by one to perform BLE normalization processing, so as to obtain a second fixed advertisement period set which enables the expected discovery delay to be maximum.
Wherein the objective function is:
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000075
in the objective function, g (T)l) For any fixed advertisement period T in the first fixed advertisement period setlPerforming BLE normalization processing on the result; at is the minimum value that the BLE specification allows for a fixed advertising period variation.
Exemplarily, based on the current BLE specification, Δ t is 625 μ s; accordingly, the objective function can be expressed as:
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000081
it will be appreciated that T in the objective function is now presentlIs μ s, respectively, when T is in the first calculation formula and the second calculation formulas、TwThe units of R, and τ are μ s.
In the method for avoiding the maximum value of the expected discovery delay of the BLE device provided by the embodiment of the invention, based on some working parameters related to discovery of the BLE device, a first fixed advertisement period set enabling the maximum value of the expected discovery delay is constructed; in addition, according to the embodiment of the invention, the preset objective function is utilized to carry out BLE standardization processing on the first fixed advertisement period set, so that any fixed advertisement period in the second fixed advertisement period set is not used when the advertising party BLE device executes device discovery. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention accurately predicts the fixed advertisement interval which should be avoided from being selected under the given working parameters, innovatively provides a method for avoiding the expected discovery delay of the BLE equipment from obtaining the maximum value, and can avoid the discovery time of the BLE equipment from being overlong.
For a clearer scheme, the method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in the following specific example, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) determining target operating parameters, including: t iss＝120,000μs，Tw＝30,000μs，τ＝376μs，δ＝437μs，R＝10,000μs。
(2) Calculating N in the first calculation formula and the second calculation formula1And N2：
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000082
(3) Calculating a first fixed advertisement period subset S using a first calculation formulal1：
First, k is 0, n is 1, one element can be obtained
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000083
By further letting k be 0 and n be 2, one element can be obtained
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000091
By further letting k equal to 0 and n equal to 3, one element can be obtained
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000092
For convenience of example, assume here k takes only 2; in practical application, K can be taken as the maximum value K1Any of the following values.
Then, when k is 1, n is 1, 2, and 3, and when k is 2, n is 1, 2, and 3, respectively, thereby obtaining a first fixed advertisement period subset
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000093
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000094
The fixed subset of advertisement periods
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000095
The units of the elements in (1) are all mus.
(4) Calculating a second fixed subset of advertisement periods using a second calculation formula
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000096
First, k is 0, n is 2, one element can be obtained
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000097
By further letting k equal to 0 and n equal to 3, one element can be obtained
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000098
For convenience of example, assume here k takes only 2; in practical application, K can be taken as the maximum value K2Any of the following values.
Then, when k is equal to 1, n is equal to 2 and 3 respectively, so as to obtain the invented productAnd when k is 2, n is 2 and 3 respectively, so that a second fixed advertising period subset can be obtained
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000099
Figure RE-GDA00030183356500000910
The fixed subset of advertisement periods
Figure RE-GDA00030183356500000911
The units of the elements in (1) are all mus.
(5) Get
Figure RE-GDA00030183356500000912
And
Figure RE-GDA00030183356500000913
union of
Figure RE-GDA00030183356500000914
Obtaining a first fixed set of advertisement periods
Figure RE-GDA00030183356500000915
Figure RE-GDA00030183356500000916
It will be appreciated that this first set of fixed advertisement periods
Figure RE-GDA00030183356500000917
The units of the elements in (1) are all mus.
(6) Set the first fixed advertisement period
Figure RE-GDA00030183356500000918
All elements of (1) TlAnd substituting the objective functions one by one to carry out BLE normalization processing:
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000101
thereby, a second set of fixed advertisement periods is obtained that maximizes the expected discovery delay
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000102
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000103
The second fixed set of advertisement periods
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000104
The units of the elements in (1) are all mus.
Thus, when two BLE devices participating in discovery of BLE devices operate at Ts＝120,000μs， Tw＝30,000μs，τ＝376μs，δ＝437μs，Td～U[0,R]With an operating parameter of 10,000 μ s, the advertiser BLE device should avoid using this second set of fixed advertisement periods
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000105
To avoid the expectation that the discovery delay takes a maximum.
To verify the correctness of the present invention, the result of the simulation based on this specific example is shown in fig. 2; in fig. 2, the horizontal axis represents a fixed advertisement interval, i.e., a fixed advertisement period; the vertical axis represents expected discovery delay; as is clear from figure 2, provided that the fixed advertisement period used by the advertiser BLE device is a second set of fixed advertisement periods
Figure RE-GDA0003018335650000106
The corresponding expected discovery delays of the middle element are both maximum values, and the expected discovery delays on both sides of the maximum value are rapidly reduced.
Based on the same inventive concept, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a BLE device, as shown in fig. 3, including a processor 601, a bluetooth communication module 602, a memory 603, and a communication bus 604, where the processor 601, the bluetooth communication module 602, and the memory 603 complete mutual communication through the communication bus 604; a memory 603 for storing a computer program; the processor 601 is configured to implement discovery of a BLE bluetooth device in cooperation with another BLE device when executing the program stored in the memory 603; wherein, when any BLE device is used as an advertiser BLE device, the fixed advertisement period used by the advertiser BLE device does not belong to the second set of fixed advertisement periods obtained in any of the above methods of avoiding maxima in expected discovery delay of BLE devices.
The communication bus mentioned in the electronic device may be a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, or the like. The communication bus may be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of illustration, only one thick line is used to illustrate, but not only one bus or one type of bus.
The Bluetooth communication module is used for communication between the electronic equipment and other equipment.
The Memory may include a Random Access Memory (RAM) or a Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), such as at least one disk Memory. Optionally, the memory may also be at least one memory device located remotely from the processor.
The Processor may be a general-purpose Processor, including a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Network Processor (NP), and the like; but also Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) or other Programmable logic devices, discrete Gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
The invention also provides a computer readable storage medium. In this computer readable storage medium, a computer program is stored which, when executed by a processor, performs the method steps of any of the above methods of avoiding maxima in the expected discovery delay of a BLE device.
Alternatively, the computer-readable storage medium may be a Non-Volatile Memory (NVM), such as at least one disk Memory.
Optionally, the computer readable memory may also be at least one memory device located remotely from the aforementioned processor.
It should be noted that, for the BLE device/storage medium embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and for relevant points, reference may be made to part of the description of the method embodiment.
It should be noted that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the description of the specification, reference to the description of the term "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples", etc., means that a particular feature or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
While the present application has been described in connection with various embodiments, other variations to the disclosed embodiments can be understood and effected by those skilled in the art in practicing the claimed application, from a review of the drawings, the disclosure, and the appended claims.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. A method of avoiding maxima in expected discovery delay of a BLE device, comprising:
determining target working parameters; wherein the target operating parameter is an operating parameter related to discovery of BLE devices and the target operating parameter does not include a fixed advertising period of an advertiser BLE device;
constructing a first set of fixed advertisement periods that maximize the expected discovery delay based on the target operating parameters;
performing BLE standardization processing on the first fixed advertisement period set by using a preset objective function to obtain a second fixed advertisement period set which enables expected discovery delay to be maximum, so that any fixed advertisement period in the second fixed advertisement period set is not used when the advertising party BLE device performs device discovery.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein constructing a first set of fixed advertisement periods that maximize an expected discovery delay based on the target operating parameters comprises:
calculating two fixed advertisement period subsets that maximize the expected discovery delay using a first calculation formula and a second calculation formula, respectively, based on the target operating parameters;
obtaining a union of the two fixed advertisement period subsets to obtain a first fixed advertisement period set which enables the expected discovery delay to obtain a maximum value;
the first calculation formula is:
Figure FDA0002939090680000011
the second calculation formula is:
Figure FDA0002939090680000012
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0002939090680000013
Tlmaxrepresenting the maximum value of the fixed scan period, T, allowed by the BLE specificationsRepresenting the scan period, T, of a scannable BLE devicewRepresenting the length of a scanning window of a scanning BLE device, R representing the maximum value of pseudo-random delay, and tau representing the time length required for the advertising BLE device to send an advertisement; t islA fixed advertisement period on behalf of the advertiser BLE device, the two fixed advertisement period subsets being S respectivelyl1And Sl2；Ts、TwR and tau all belong to the target operating parameter.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein BLE normalization of the first set of fixed advertisement periods using a predetermined objective function to obtain a second set of fixed advertisement periods that maximizes the expected discovery delay comprises:
substituting the fixed advertisement periods in the first fixed advertisement period set into a preset objective function one by one to carry out BLE standardization processing, and obtaining a second fixed advertisement period set which enables the expected discovery delay to obtain a maximum value;
the objective function is:
Figure FDA0002939090680000021
wherein g (T)l) For any fixed advertisement period T in the first fixed advertisement period setlPerforming BLE normalization processing on the result; at is the minimum value that the BLE specification allows for the fixed advertising period to vary.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein Δ t is 625 μ β; t iss、TwR, τ and TlThe units of (A) are all in mus.
5. A BLE device, which is characterized by comprising a processor, a Bluetooth communication module, a memory and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the Bluetooth communication module and the memory are communicated with each other through the communication bus;
the memory is used for storing a computer program;
the processor is used for matching another BLE device to realize discovery of the BLE Bluetooth device when executing the program stored in the memory;
wherein, when any said BLE device is acting as an advertiser BLE device, the fixed advertising period used by that advertiser BLE device does not belong to the second set of fixed advertising periods obtained in the method of any of claims 1-4.
6. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that a computer program is stored in the computer-readable storage medium, which computer program, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method steps of any one of claims 1 to 4.
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CN113747405A (en) * 2021-08-05 2021-12-03 西安电子科技大学 Method for reducing discovery delay of BLE equipment and BLE equipment
CN113891265A (en) * 2021-10-11 2022-01-04 西安电子科技大学广州研究院 BLE advertisement-based instant messaging method and system
CN115239371A (en) * 2022-06-30 2022-10-25 深圳辉煌明天科技有限公司 Interactive internet advertisement processing method, device, system and medium

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