CN112968735B - Anti-fact quantum communication chip - Google Patents
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- H04B10/70—Photonic quantum communication
Abstract
The invention discloses a counter-fact quantum communication chip which comprises a four-wave mixing generator (1), a first beam splitter (2), n large circulation structures (3), n-1 beam splitting modulation structures and a single photon detector (6), wherein the large circulation structure (3) comprises a beam splitter I and m small circulation structures (34), and the small circulation structure (34) comprises a beam splitter II, a phase modulator III (341), a beam splitter III and a loss balancer (342).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a quantum bit transmission communication chip implementation, in particular to a novel quantum information transmission chip for counter-fact communication quantum bit transmission and inspection on a silicon substrate.
Background
The quantum counterfactual communication is based on the characteristic of the wave-particle duality in quantum mechanics to realize that information is transmitted from an Alice end and received by a Bob end, but an information carrier is not transmitted from the Alice end to the Bob end. And whether the transmission information is bit 0 or bit 1 is controlled by the operation of the Bob terminal. After a round of communication is finished, both Bob and Alice can know whether the transmitted information is bit 0 or bit 1.
Israel scientists proposed a "no interaction measurement" method in 1993, also known as the bomb test model. As shown in the attached figure 1, a single photon light source is arranged at the position A, and after single photons pass through a spectroscope, the single photons respectively have a 50% probability of going through an upper light path or a lower light path. After passing through the upper and lower mirrors, the photons interfere at the second beam splitter diagonally. If there is no bomb at B, then the photon will interfere at the diagonal position and will be detected by the detector at C; conversely, if there is a bomb at B, then the detectors at C and D each have a 50% probability of detecting a photon. If a bomb is present at B, then 50% of the probability is that the photon is traveling from the lower optical path, directly detonating the bomb, 50% of the probability is traveling from the photon upper optical path, the bomb is safe, and then the photons are again 50% respectively present at C and D. In short, the detection of a photon at D evidences the positive presence of a bomb at B. One surprising fact is that the photons do not directly contact the bomb, but there is a 25% probability of knowing whether there is a bomb at B. This gives a 25% chance to get information about B without observing it. Somewhat contrary to cognitive facts. Many scientists have then begun investigating quantum counterfactual communications. In 2013, a Zubary group carries out multiple nesting and connection on models according to the principle of 'no-interaction measurement', and provides physical theory realization of 'counter-fact direct quantum communication'. By nesting the improved bomb test model for multiple times, the correct judgment of the information carried by the measured object is realized in the physical aspect of the counter-fact direct quantum communication without the transmission of the real object particles.
Doctor Aharonov, in turn, in a paper published in 2019, modified the scheme of the Zubairy group. A single nested loop is changed into a front loop and a rear loop, and the physical theory and the logic prove that the 'counter-fact direct quantum communication' really obtains information without the transmission of physical particles.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a counter-fact quantum communication chip, a silicon-based light quantum chip is adopted to reduce the manufacturing difficulty of the chip and the preparation difficulty of the quantum, the on-off of a photon channel is realized through a phase modulator of a thermo-optical effect, and the communication is realized in a mode of not exchanging material object particles.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a counter-fact quantum communication chip comprises a four-wave mixing generator, a first beam splitter I, n large circulation structures, n-1 beam splitting modulation structures and a single photon detector, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2, each beam splitting modulation structure comprises a second beam splitter I and a first phase modulator I, an upper light exit port of the second beam splitter I is connected with the first phase modulator I, and a connecting light path of a lower light exit port of the second beam splitter I is combined with a connecting light path of a light exit port of the first phase modulator I to form a light path, wherein:
the light exit port of the four-wave mixing generator is connected with the light entrance port of the first beam splitter, the upper light exit port of the first beam splitter is connected with the 1 st large-cycle structure, and the lower light exit port of the first beam splitter is connected with the light entrance port of the single photon detector. The light incident port of the 1 st major cycle structure is connected with the light emergent port of the first beam splitter, the light emergent port of the i-1 st major cycle structure is connected with the light incident port of the i-1 st beam splitting modulation structure, the light emergent port of the i-1 st beam splitting modulation structure is connected with the light incident port of the i-th major cycle structure, i is 2, …, n-1, and the light emergent port of the n-th major cycle structure is connected with the light incident port of the single photon detector II.
The large circulation structure comprises a first spectroscope and a small m circulation structure, m is an integer greater than or equal to 2, the first spectroscope comprises a third beam splitter, a fourth beam splitter and a second phase modulator, a light incident port of the third beam splitter is connected with a light emergent port of the first beam splitter, a light emergent port of the third beam splitter is connected with a light incident port of the second phase modulator, and a connecting light path of a light emergent port of the third beam splitter and a connecting light path of a light emergent port of the second phase modulator are combined into a light path and then connected with a light incident port of the fourth beam splitter. And a light incident port of the 1 st small circulation structure is connected with a light emergent port of the fourth beam splitter, a light emergent port of the j-1 st small circulation structure is connected with a light incident port of the j small circulation structure, j is 2, …, m-1, and a connecting light path of the light emergent port of the j small circulation structure and a connecting light path of the light emergent port of the fourth beam splitter are combined into a light path and then connected with a light incident port of the second beam splitter.
The small circulation structure comprises a second spectroscope, a third phase modulator, a third spectroscope and a loss balancer, wherein an upper light exit port of the second spectroscope is connected with a light entrance port of the third phase modulator, a light exit port of the third phase modulator is connected with a light entrance port of the third spectroscope, a lower light exit port of the second spectroscope is connected with a light entrance port of the loss balancer, and a connecting light path of the light exit port of the loss balancer and a connecting light path of the lower light exit port of the third spectroscope are combined into a light path.
Preferably: the second spectroscope comprises a fifth beam splitter, a sixth beam splitter and a fourth phase modulator, wherein an upper light exit port of the fifth beam splitter is connected with a fourth light entrance port of the fourth phase modulator, and a connecting light path of a lower light exit port of the fifth beam splitter and a connecting light path of a light exit port of the fourth phase modulator are combined into a light path and then connected with the sixth light entrance port of the sixth beam splitter.
Preferably: the beam splitter III comprises a beam splitter III, a beam splitter VIII and a phase modulator V, an upper light exit port of the beam splitter VII is connected with a five-light entrance port of the phase modulator, and a connecting light path of a lower light exit port of the beam splitter VII and a connecting light path of a light exit port of the phase modulator V are combined into a light path and then connected with the eight-light entrance port of the beam splitter.
Preferably: the phase modulator I, the phase modulator II, the phase modulator III, the phase modulator IV and the phase modulator V are realized by adopting temperature control resistors.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention proves the reliability of counter-fact quantum communication from experiments, adopts the silicon-based chip to improve the system stability and reduce the production cost, and adopts the light quantum mode to realize quantum information transmission, thereby better reducing the difficulty of quantum bit preparation and promoting the practicability and commercialization of quantum communication.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a conventional bomb test model.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram I of a single large cycle of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a single large cycle of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a view for verifying whether photons are transmitted in fig. 2.
Fig. 5 shows the path that the photon actually travels.
Fig. 6 is a photon trajectory with five small cycles.
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the chip of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a chip principle for small cycles.
FIG. 9 is a diagram of the structure of a chip according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a chip structure diagram of a small cycle.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments, it is to be understood that these examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention, since various equivalent modifications will occur to those skilled in the art upon reading the present invention and fall within the limits of the appended claims.
A method for realizing anti-reality quantum communication chip adopts a four-wave mixing generator 1 to change a single photon input into a chip into a pair of entangled photon pairs, and then the entanglement is removed to form mutually independent single photons. The pair of entangled photons enters two channels through 2 x 2 beam splitters, namely a first channel connected with the upper light exit port and a second channel connected with the upper light exit port. The beam splitter is a 50:50 2 beam splitter. The single photon (photon) a entering the first channel passes through the waveguide without passing through any device, and is finally received by the first trigger. And a single photon (photon) B entering the second channel carries out anti-fact communication through a designed loop nested structure.
In order to verify whether the counter-fact quantum communication is successful, the invention adopts two light quanta to carry out contrast and inspection of counter-fact quantum information transmission. One of the two de-entangled optical quanta a is generated for non-interacting information transfer that counter-fact quantum communication. The other photon B enters the waveguide without any treatment. The optical quantum B is finally received by the single photon detector Trigger, which indicates that the optical quantum B is successfully prepared and transmitted. If the other photon receivers do not receive the optical quantum A at this time, the optical quantum A is wrong in the transmission process, and information cannot be transmitted successfully. Problems occurring in the transmission process of the light quanta A can be analyzed and checked through different photon receivers, and possible error reasons can be found.
Based on the protocol of the doctor Aharonov, the invention adopts a loop structure, two layers of large loops are arranged, and five small loops are arranged in one large loop.
The single large cycle is shown in fig. 2 and 3, and the upper part and the lower part are both composed of 2 beam splitters and 3 total mirrors. The two parts are mirror-symmetrical, and the middle part is provided with a total reflection mirror for adjusting the light path and connecting the upper part and the lower part. After the single photon emitter emits photons, the photons enter a large circulation through the first beam splitter, and whether the single photons reach the detector D or not is realized by controlling the switch at the B end to be switched on and off. In figure 2, when the switch at B is closed, the beam splitter is adjusted so that a single photon is detected at D through a single large cycle. The photons may travel from the emitter to the receiver. In fig. 3, when the switches at B and B' are open, the photons will pass through the three fully reflective mirrors in succession to the right. Because of the break at B and B ', the photons must not pass through B and B'.
To verify whether a photon is transmitted in the case of fig. 2, we draw fig. 4. In fig. 4, the dotted line is a path that a photon may travel after being emitted, and the solid line is a path that a photon may travel before being received. The dashed line (path a photon may take after it has exited) and the solid line (path a photon may take to reach D) are drawn, verifying that in fig. 2, no photon passes from the emitter to the receiver. The trace of fig. 5 is the overlap of the dashed and solid lines in fig. 4, showing the path that the photon actually travels. The photon path is shown in fig. 5. The photons do not pass through the transmission channel, and Alice and Bob do not pass the particle.
In fig. 2-5, there is only one small cycle out of one large cycle. In theory, increasing the number of small loops may improve the success rate of transmission, but limited by chip area and cost, the number of small loops may not increase indefinitely. Through calculation, the number of the small loops is set to be five, so that the purpose of improving the success probability of the counter-fact communication is achieved under the condition that the chip area is small. The photon trajectory in this case is shown in fig. 6.
Whether or not a photon is detected by D, it can be demonstrated that the photon did not pass through the Transmission channel, i.e., the photon was not delivered at both the sender and receiver.
A counter-fact quantum communication chip, as shown in fig. 7 and 9, comprising a four-wave mixing generator 1, a first beam splitter 2, two large-cycle structures 3, n-1 beam splitting modulation structures, and a single photon detector 6, where the beam splitting modulation structures include a second beam splitter 4 and a first phase modulator 5, an upper light exit port of the second beam splitter 4 is connected to the first phase modulator 5, and a connection optical path of a lower light exit port of the second beam splitter 4 is combined with a connection optical path of a light exit port of the first phase modulator 5 to form an optical path, where:
the light exit port of the four-wave mixing generator 1 is connected with the light entrance port of the first beam splitter 2, the light exit port of the first beam splitter 2 is connected with the 1 st large circulation structure 3, and the light exit port of the first beam splitter 2 is connected with the light entrance port of the single photon detector 6. The light incident port of the 1 st large-cycle structure 3 is connected with the light emergent port of the first beam splitter 2, the light emergent port of the i-1 st large-cycle structure 3 is connected with the light incident port of the i-1 st beam splitting modulation structure, the light emergent port of the i-1 st beam splitting modulation structure is connected with the light incident port of the i-th large-cycle structure 3, i is 2, …, n-1, and the light emergent port of the n-th large-cycle structure 3 is connected with the light incident port II of the single photon detector 6.
The large circulation structure 3 comprises a first beam splitter and an m small circulation structure 34, wherein m is 5, the first beam splitter comprises a third beam splitter 31, a fourth beam splitter 32 and a second phase modulator 33, a light incident port of the third beam splitter 31 is connected with an upper light emergent port of the first beam splitter 2, an upper light emergent port of the third beam splitter 31 is connected with a light incident port of the second phase modulator 33, and a connecting light path of a lower light emergent port of the third beam splitter 31 is combined with a connecting light path of a light emergent port of the second phase modulator 33 to form a light path which is then connected with the light incident port of the fourth beam splitter 32. The light entrance port of the 1 st small circulation structure is connected with the light exit port of the fourth beam splitter 32, the light exit port of the j-1 st small circulation structure is connected with the light entrance port of the j small circulation structure, j is 2, 3, 4, the connection light path of the upper light exit port of the j small circulation structure and the connection light path of the lower light exit port of the fourth beam splitter 32 are combined into one light path, and then the light path is connected with the light entrance port of the second beam splitter 4.
As shown in fig. 8 and 10, the small circulation structure 34 includes a second beam splitter, a third phase modulator 341, a third beam splitter, and a loss balancer 342, an upper light exit port of the second beam splitter is connected to a light entrance port of the third phase modulator 341, a light exit port of the third phase modulator 341 is connected to a light entrance port of the third beam splitter, a lower light exit port of the second beam splitter is connected to a light entrance port of the loss balancer 342, and a connection optical path of the light exit port of the loss balancer 342 and a connection optical path of the lower light exit port of the third beam splitter are combined into one optical path. The beam splitter two comprises a beam splitter five 351, a beam splitter six 352 and a phase modulator four 353, an upper light emitting port of the beam splitter five 351 is connected with a light incident port of the phase modulator four 353, and a connecting light path of a lower light emitting port of the beam splitter five 351 and a connecting light path of a light emitting port of the phase modulator four 353 are combined into one light path and then connected with a light incident port of the beam splitter six 352. The beam splitter three comprises a beam splitter seven 361, a beam splitter eight 362 and a phase modulator five 363, an upper light exit port of the beam splitter seven 361 is connected with a light incident port of the phase modulator five 363, and a connecting light path of a lower light exit port of the beam splitter seven 361 and a connecting light path of a light exit port of the phase modulator five 363 are combined into a light path and then connected with a light incident port of the beam splitter eight 362.
The phase modulator I5, the phase modulator II 33, the phase modulator III 341, the phase modulator IV 353 and the phase modulator V363 are realized by adopting temperature control resistors.
1. The laser is coupled with the chip, laser is guided into the chip, entangled photon pairs are generated through the four-wave mixing generator 1, then disassociation is carried out to obtain photons A and photons B, and therefore the photons B are detected through the single photon detector (Trigger)6 to determine that the photons A enter a signal transmission light path. Two independent single photons respectively enter an upper optical path and a lower optical path through the silicon-based waveguide.
2. And the single photon entering the upper optical path enters a multilayer nested structure. The multi-layer nested structure comprises 2 large loops. The scheme utilizes the semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror to realize the function of a2 x 2 beam splitter, namely, light incident in one direction is split into two beams of light (reflected light and refracted light) which respectively enter different light paths to realize the interference of fixed phases; meanwhile, the temperature control resistor is used for realizing the function of the phase modulator, and resistors with different resistance values can adjust the photon phase. Two beam splitters and a phase modulator can realize the phase-adjustable spectroscope. The spectroscope is connected with two light paths, the upper light path passes through 2 unit structural units (small circulation structures), and the unit structural units are equivalent to one small circulation in a schematic diagram; the lower light path is a straight path. The design mode of the large-cycle structure completely realizes the structure of the schematic diagram.
3. When the single photon enters the large circulation structure, the single photon passes through the first spectroscope and interferes at an emergent light path to form two beams of light with unequal intensity and phase, and the two beams of light respectively enter the A0 light path and the B0 light path (for better illustration, because the internal structure of the large circulation or the Unit only has an upper light path and a lower light path in the device structure diagram, the light path A represents an upper light path in the structure diagram, and the light path B represents a lower light path in the structure diagram).
4. The photons entering the a0 optical path formally enter the first large-cycle Unit structure element. The Unit structure Unit internally comprises 5 small circulation bodies, wherein the process of passing the photon through the first circulation body is mainly explained, and other circulation bodies are similar. After entering the circulating body, the photons first pass through the second spectroscope, are divided into two beams of light with unequal intensity and phase, and enter the optical paths A1 and B1 respectively. Photons entering the a1 optical path encounter a phase modulator and a beam splitter three, and the combination can realize the function of a switch (Bob) (Bob selects to only enable the photons to exit from the a2 optical path or the B2 optical path by adjusting the phase modulator on the beam splitter, so as to realize optical switching). The photons entering the B1 optical path encounter a loss balancer 342 composed of a constant resistor, which balances the optical path difference generated when passing through the phase modulator five 363 and the spectroscope three of the a1 optical path, and meets the requirement of no optical path difference in the schematic diagram, so that the generation of the optical path difference (phase difference) is completely determined by the spectroscope three.
5. After 5 cycles, the photons exit from the Unit structural Unit and enter the optical paths A3 and B3. The photon entering the a3 optical path can be seen to converge at the D3 detector during the major cycle. And the photons entering the B3 optical path enter the next Unit, go through 5 cycles again, and exit from a4 and B4, and likewise, the photons exiting from a4 are converged at the D3 detector.
6. The photons exiting from B4 entered the next major cycle with the photons exiting from B0: they enter a large inter-cycle beam splitting modulation architecture where interference occurs, repeating steps 3 through 5.
7. After two large cycles, photons exit from D1 and D2, and a single photon can be detected in one of D1, D2 and D3.
Note: in the whole description, we do not tie up the evolution of the photon wave function, but directly treat the photon as light. This is because photons have wave-like properties before being observed, which is essentially the same as light. Before being observed, photons are different from light in that one is probability distribution, and the other is light intensity distribution in actual space, and belongs to two aspects of the same ergorama, and the properties of the two aspects are the same. Thus, in the discussion, photon and light are the same meaning and both represent the one photon that enters the circulating structure. Only when described in terms of "light" is emphasis placed on propagation in different optical paths during photon transmission.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A counter-fact quantum communication chip, comprising: including four-wave mixing generator (1), first beam splitter (2), n major cycle structure (3), n-1 beam splitting modulation structure, single photon detector (6), n is more than or equal to 2's integer, beam splitting modulation structure includes beam splitter two (4), phase modulator (5), the last light exit port of beam splitter two (4) is connected with phase modulator (5), and the connection light path of the lower light exit port of beam splitter two (4) and the connection light path of the light exit port of phase modulator (5) merge into a light path, wherein:
a light exit port of the four-wave mixing generator (1) is connected with a light entrance port of a first beam splitter (2), an upper light exit port of the first beam splitter (2) is connected with a1 st large circulation structure (3), and a lower light exit port of the first beam splitter (2) is connected with a light entrance port of a single photon detector (6); the light entrance port of the 1 st large circulation structure (3) is connected with the light exit port of the first beam splitter (2), the light exit port of the i-1 st large circulation structure (3) is connected with the light entrance port of the i-1 st beam splitting modulation structure, the light exit port of the i-1 st beam splitting modulation structure is connected with the light entrance port of the i-th large circulation structure (3), i is 2, …, n-1, and the light exit port of the n-th large circulation structure (3) is connected with the light entrance port of the single photon detector (6);
the large circulation structure (3) comprises a first beam splitter and a m small circulation structure (34), m is an integer larger than or equal to 2, the first beam splitter comprises a third beam splitter (31), a fourth beam splitter (32) and a second phase modulator (33), a light incident port of the third beam splitter (31) is connected with an upper light emergent port of the first beam splitter (2), an upper light emergent port of the third beam splitter (31) is connected with a light incident port of the second phase modulator (33), and a connecting light path of a lower light emergent port of the third beam splitter (31) is combined with a connecting light path of a light emergent port of the second phase modulator (33) to form a light path which is then connected with a light incident port of the fourth beam splitter (32); a light incident port of the 1 st small circulation structure is connected with an upper light emergent port of the beam splitter four (32), an upper light emergent port of the j-1 st small circulation structure is connected with a light incident port of the j small circulation structure, j is 2, …, m-1, a connecting light path of the upper light emergent port of the j small circulation structure and a connecting light path of the lower light emergent port of the beam splitter four (32) are combined into a light path, and then the light path is connected with a light incident port of the beam splitter two (4);
the small circulation structure (34) comprises a second spectroscope, a third phase modulator (341), a third spectroscope and a loss balancer (342), wherein an upper light exit port of the second spectroscope is connected with a light entrance port of the third phase modulator (341), a light exit port of the third phase modulator (341) is connected with a third spectroscope light entrance port, a lower light exit port of the second spectroscope is connected with a light entrance port of the loss balancer (342), and a connecting light path of the light exit port of the loss balancer (342) and a connecting light path of the lower light exit port of the third spectroscope are combined into one light path;
the beam splitter two comprises a beam splitter five (351), a beam splitter six (352) and a phase modulator four (353), an upper light emitting port of the beam splitter five (351) is connected with a light incident port of the phase modulator four (353), and a connecting light path of a lower light emitting port of the beam splitter five (351) and a connecting light path of a light emitting port of the phase modulator four (353) are combined into a light path and then connected with the light incident port of the beam splitter six (352);
the beam splitter III comprises a beam splitter seven (361), a beam splitter eight (362) and a phase modulator five (363), an upper light exit port of the beam splitter seven (361) is connected with a light entrance port of the phase modulator five (363), and a connecting light path of a lower light exit port of the beam splitter seven (361) and a connecting light path of a light exit port of the phase modulator five (363) are combined into a light path and then connected with the light entrance port of the beam splitter eight (362).
2. A counter-fact quantum communication chip according to claim 1, wherein: the phase modulator I (5), the phase modulator II (33), the phase modulator III (341), the phase modulator IV (353) and the phase modulator V (363) are realized by adopting temperature control resistors.
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| CN109391471A (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-02-26 | 中国科学技术大学 | A kind of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer and quantum key dispatching system |
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| WO2020049290A1 (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-03-12 | Remi Oseri Cornwall | Improvement on method for sending signals and improvements on entangled sources |
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| KR102017839B1 (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2019-09-03 | 경희대학교 산학협력단 | Method, apparatus and system for analysizing of counterfactual bell states |
| WO2020049290A1 (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-03-12 | Remi Oseri Cornwall | Improvement on method for sending signals and improvements on entangled sources |
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