CN109391471A - A kind of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer and quantum key dispatching system - Google Patents
A kind of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer and quantum key dispatching system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109391471A CN109391471A CN201811195947.7A CN201811195947A CN109391471A CN 109391471 A CN109391471 A CN 109391471A CN 201811195947 A CN201811195947 A CN 201811195947A CN 109391471 A CN109391471 A CN 109391471A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
- H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
- H04L9/0816—Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use
- H04L9/0852—Quantum cryptography
- H04L9/0858—Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding
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Abstract
It includes waveguide chip, delayer and reflecting module that the application, which discloses a kind of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer and quantum key dispatching system, the hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer, and waveguide chip includes beam splitter, first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line；On the one hand, it to form the precision of first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line since waveguide chip makes and can control in Nano grade, so that the arm length difference control precision of interferometer is higher.On the other hand, hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer volume is minimum, is conveniently packaged vibration isolation and temperature control, to be not easily susceptible to external environment influence, stability is more preferable；In another aspect, optical waveguide itself possesses preferable polarization property, the polarization of light pulse keeps more preferable in communication process, so hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer is more stable.The arm length difference of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer is made to be more easier to control relative to fibre optic interferometer in terms of three above, so that quantum key dispatching system work is more stable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to quantum cryptography communication technical field more particularly to a kind of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer and quantum are close
Key distribution system.
Background technique
Quantum key distribution technology combines quantum physics principle and modern communication technology.Quantum-key distribution is by physics
Principle ensures that the safety of strange land cipher key agreement process and result may be implemented to disobey in conjunction with " one-time pad " encryption technology
Rely the secret communication of algorithm complexity.
Currently, quanta cryptology technique is carried out mainly using light quantum as carrier is realized by free space or fiber channel
Distribution.Requirement of the quantum-key distribution equipment according to different quantum key distribution agreements, will be through using various light modulation devices
Allusion quotation random bit is loaded on the physical quantitys such as the polarization of light quantum, phase and is transmitted, to realize point of quantum key
Match.Core devices of the intervention module as the quantum key dispatching system of phase code, the interferometer of an excellent in design can be with
Guarantee the stability and high efficiency of quantum key dispatching system.
Quantum-key distribution system is realized using a kind of optical fiber faraday's Michelson's interferometer of unequal arm in the prior art
System causes the property of 90 degree of rotations using faraday mirror, so that general Mach had been immunized once in interferometer to inside of optical fibre polarization state
Deccan interferometer causes interferometer stability decline caused by polarization variations difference in long galianconism since long galianconism path is different
Problem.Moreover, the quantum key point of intercity long range is had been realized in using faraday's Michelson's interferometer in the prior art
With experiment.
But this faraday's Michelson's interferometer also has its disadvantage, as needed transmitting terminal in quantum key dispatching system
With the arm length difference strict conformance of the interferometer of receiving end, and faraday's Michelson's interferometer arm length difference in the prior art control
Precision is poor, moreover, interferometer itself also has the characteristics that unstable, causes the interferometer arm length difference of transmitting terminal and receiving end
Consistent control is more difficult.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer and quantum key dispatching system, it is existing to solve
There is the problem that the consistent control of the interferometer arm length difference of transmitting terminal and receiving end is more difficult in technology.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer, comprising:
Waveguide chip, delayer and reflecting module；
The waveguide chip includes the first end face and second end face being oppositely arranged, and the first end face includes light pulse
Entrance port and exit portal；
The reflecting module is located at the second end face；
The waveguide chip includes beam splitter, first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line；
The delayer is for being delayed to the light pulse on the first wave conducting wire or the second waveguide line；
Wherein, a light pulse for being incident to the entrance port is divided into the first light pulse and the second smooth arteries and veins by the beam splitter
Punching, first light pulse are transmitted along the first wave wire transmission, second light pulse along the second waveguide line；
The reflecting module reflects the first light pulse on the first wave conducting wire, and returns along the first wave conducting wire
It returns, and the second light pulse on the second waveguide line is reflected, and returned along the second waveguide line；
The first light pulse that the beam splitter is also used to return along the first wave conducting wire and along the second waveguide line
After the second light pulse difference beam splitting returned, output to the exit portal.
Preferably, the reflecting module is reflecting mirror or faraday's rotating mirror.
Preferably, the reflecting mirror includes the plane mirror being arranged in the second end face or use coating process shape
At the reflectance coating in the second end face.
Preferably, faraday's rotating mirror includes reflecting mirror, magneto-optical crystal and magnet ring；
The magneto-optical crystal is located at reflecting mirror incident light side；
The magnet ring is arranged around the magneto-optical crystal.
Preferably, faraday's rotating mirror further includes collimation lens, and the collimation lens is located at the magneto-optical crystal and deviates from
The side of the reflecting mirror.
Preferably, the delayer is arranged inside the waveguide chip, is located at the first wave conducting wire or described second
On waveguide wire.
Preferably, the delayer is the invariable adjustable delayer of delayer or delay duration of delay duration.
It preferably, further include phase modulation module, the phase modulation module is arranged in the first wave conducting wire and/or institute
It states on second waveguide line, uploads the light transmitted on defeated light pulse and the second waveguide line for modulating the first wave conducting wire
The phase difference of pulse.
The present invention also provides a kind of quantum key dispatching system, including the transmitting terminal being connected by channel and receiving end,
In,
The transmitting terminal includes light-pulse generator, the first interferometer, first phase modulation module and attenuator；
The receiving end includes the first detector, the second detector, second phase modulation module and the second interferometer；
Wherein, first interferometer is identical with the arm length difference of second interferometer, first interferometer and/or institute
Stating the second interferometer is hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer described in claim 1-7 any one；
The light-pulse generator issues light pulse, after being coupled to first interferometer, is emitted to the first phase modulation
Module is simultaneously transmitted to the channel by the attenuator, by the transmission to the second phase modulation module, then
It is transmitted separately to second interferometer and first detector；Light pulse after second interferometer export again to
Second detector.
Preferably, the first phase modulation module is arranged inside first interferometer；
And/or；
The second phase modulation module is arranged inside second interferometer.
It can be seen via above technical scheme that a kind of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer provided by the invention, including waveguide core
Piece, delayer and reflecting module, the waveguide chip include beam splitter, first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line；On the one hand, due to
First wave conducting wire and second waveguide line are to be formed in waveguide chip manufacturing process, and waveguide chip makes to form first wave guide
It is micron level that the precision of line and second waveguide line, which can control the control precision in Nano grade, relative to fibre optic interferometer,
So that the arm length difference control precision of interferometer is higher.On the other hand, waveguide chip interferometer volume is minimum, be conveniently packaged every
Vibration and temperature control, to be not easily susceptible to external environment influence, stability is more preferable；In another aspect, optical waveguide itself possess compared with
Good polarization property, for optical fiber, the polarization of light pulse keeps more preferable in communication process, so hybrid waveguide collection
It is more stable at interferometer.Make in terms of three above the arm length difference of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer relative to fibre optic interferometer more
Add and be easy to control, and then apply in quantum key dispatching system, so that quantum key dispatching system work is more stable.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to more clearly explain the embodiment of the invention or the technical proposal in the existing technology, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
The embodiment of invention for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can also basis
The attached drawing of offer obtains other attached drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer structural schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer structural schematic diagram that reflecting module is normal mirror；
Fig. 3 is the hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer structural schematic diagram that reflecting module is faraday's rotating mirror；
Fig. 4 is a kind of the schematic diagram of the section structure of the faraday's rotating mirror provided in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the section structure of another faraday's rotating mirror provided in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is another the hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer structural schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is another the hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer structural schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is another the hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer structural schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is another the hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer structural schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present invention；
Figure 10 is a kind of quantum key dispatching system structural schematic diagram provided in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Just as described in the background section, faraday's Michelson's interferometer arm length difference in the prior art control precision compared with
Difference causes the interferometer arm length difference of transmitting terminal and receiving end consistent moreover, interferometer itself also has the characteristics that unstable
Control is more difficult.
Inventors have found that the main reason for above situation occur is, faraday's Michelson's interferometer in the prior art
For fibre optic interferometer, on the one hand, control two arm length differences of interferometer by the length of optical fiber, but technique in the prior art
The tolerance that precision only can control interferometer arm length is other in the micron-scale, so that the interferometer arm length difference control of transmitting terminal and receiving end
Precision processed is poor；Moreover, fibre optic interferometer is also easier the interference by external environment, such as temperature, caused by vibration etc.
Variation is likely to cause the unstable of fibre optic interferometer.
Based on this, the present invention provides a kind of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer, comprising:
Waveguide chip, delayer and reflecting module；
The waveguide chip includes the first end face and second end face being oppositely arranged, and the first end face includes light pulse
Entrance port and exit portal；
The reflecting module is located at the second end face；
The waveguide chip includes beam splitter, first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line；
The delayer is for being delayed to the light pulse on the first wave conducting wire or the second waveguide line；
Wherein, a light pulse for being incident to the entrance port is divided into the first light pulse and the second smooth arteries and veins by the beam splitter
Punching, first light pulse are transmitted along the first wave wire transmission, second light pulse along the second waveguide line；
The reflecting module reflects the first light pulse on the first wave conducting wire, and returns along the first wave conducting wire
It returns, and the second light pulse on the second waveguide line is reflected, and returned along the second waveguide line；
The first light pulse that the beam splitter is also used to return along the first wave conducting wire and along the second waveguide line
After the second light pulse difference beam splitting returned, output to the exit portal.
A kind of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer provided by the invention, including waveguide chip, delayer and reflecting module, it is described
Waveguide chip includes beam splitter, first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line；On the one hand, since first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line are
Formed in waveguide chip manufacturing process, and waveguide chip make to form the precision of first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line can be with
In Nano grade, the control precision relative to fibre optic interferometer is micron level for control, so that the arm length difference of interferometer controls essence
Du Genggao.On the other hand, waveguide chip interferometer volume is minimum, vibration isolation and temperature control is conveniently packaged, to be not easy
It is influenced by external environment, stability is more preferable；In another aspect, optical waveguide itself possesses preferable polarization property, compared to optical fiber
For, the polarization of light pulse keeps more preferable in communication process, so hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer is more stable.Three above
Aspect makes the arm length difference of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer be more easier to control relative to fibre optic interferometer, and then applies and measuring
In sub-key distribution system, so that quantum key dispatching system work is more stable.
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to Figure 1, Fig. 1 is a kind of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer structural schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present invention, is mixed
It includes: waveguide chip 1, delayer 2 and reflecting module 3 that multiplex, which leads integrated interferometer,；Waveguide chip 1 includes first be oppositely arranged
End face 11 and second end face 12, first end face 11 include entrance port 111 and the exit portal 112 of light pulse；Reflecting module 3 is located at the
Biend 12；Waveguide chip 1 includes beam splitter 13, first wave conducting wire 14 and second waveguide line 15；Delayer 2 is used for first wave
Light pulse on conducting wire 14 or second waveguide line 15 is delayed.
Wherein, a light pulse for being incident to entrance port 111 is divided into the first light pulse and the second light pulse by beam splitter 13,
First light pulse is transmitted along first wave conducting wire 14, and the second light pulse is transmitted along second waveguide line 15；Reflecting module 3 is by first wave
The first light pulse reflection on conducting wire 14, and returned along first wave conducting wire 14, and by the second smooth arteries and veins on second waveguide line 15
Punching reflection, and returned along second waveguide line 15；The first light pulse that beam splitter 13 is also used to return along first wave conducting wire 14 and
After the second light pulse difference beam splitting that second waveguide line 15 returns, output to exit portal 112.
It should be noted that the entrance port of waveguide chip and exit portal description merely for convenience distinguish, actually make
With in the process, waveguide chip includes two light pulse coupling apertures, and the status of two light pulse coupling apertures be it is of equal value, can be with
It uses as entrance port and exit portal, is not limited this in the present embodiment.
The specific structure of reflecting module is not limited in the present embodiment, reflecting module is reflecting mirror in the embodiment of the present invention, is asked
Referring to fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer structural schematic diagram that reflecting module is normal mirror；The reflecting module
It can also be faraday's rotating mirror, refer to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer knot that reflecting module is faraday's rotating mirror
Structure schematic diagram.Wherein, the reflecting mirror is the normal mirror of only reflection light pulse, and faraday's rotating mirror is to light pulse
Polarization occur 90 degree rotate reflecting mirrors.Since waveguide itself has certain polarization property, the polarization property refers to,
During optical pulse propagation, therefore the characteristic for keeping the polarization state of light constant can use conventional reflector in the embodiment of the present invention
Mirror reflects light pulse.In other embodiments of the present invention, in order to further ensure the polarization state of light, farad can be used
Rotating mirror reflects light pulse, does not limit this in the present embodiment.
When reflecting module is normal mirror, the specific set-up mode of the reflecting mirror is not done in the embodiment of the present invention
It limits, refers to Fig. 2, reflecting mirror can be the plane mirror 31 being set up directly in second end face 12；Wherein plane reflection
The reflecting surface of mirror is towards second end face 12.In addition, plated film can also be used in the present embodiment when second end face 12 is plane
Technique directly forms reflectance coating in second end face 12, to further decrease the volume of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer.
When reflecting module is faraday's rotating mirror, the specific structure of faraday's rotating mirror is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention,
In one embodiment of the present of invention, as shown in figure 4, Fig. 4 is a kind of section of the faraday's rotating mirror provided in the embodiment of the present invention
Structural schematic diagram；Faraday's rotating mirror 32 includes reflecting mirror 321, magneto-optical crystal 322 and magnet ring 323；Magneto-optical crystal 322 is located at reflection
321 incident light side of mirror；Magnet ring 323 is arranged around magneto-optical crystal 322.Wherein, the second end of 322 face waveguide chip of magneto-optical crystal
Face, and contacted with first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line.
In another embodiment of the present invention, in order to guarantee first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line transmission light pulse energy
Enough along backtracking, as shown in figure 5, the cross-section structure that Fig. 5 is another faraday's rotating mirror provided in the embodiment of the present invention shows
It is intended to；Faraday's rotating mirror 32 further includes collimation lens 324, and collimation lens 324 is located at magneto-optical crystal 322 away from reflecting mirror 321
Side.
It should be noted that external faraday's rotation can directly be arranged outside waveguide chip in the embodiment of the present invention
Mirror refers to Fig. 3, the magneto-optical crystal in faraday's rotating mirror can also be embedded in wave in the second end face grooving of waveguide chip
The inside of chip is led, then the structures such as reflecting mirror are set again, Fig. 6 is referred to.
The light pulse transmitted on first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line in hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer needs opposite prolong
When, pass through delayer in the embodiment of the present invention and realize, it should be noted that does not limit the specific shape of delayer in the present embodiment
Formula, in one embodiment of the invention, delayer can be the invariable delayer of delay duration, other in the present invention
In embodiment, delayer can also be the adjustable delayer of delay duration.Which is not limited by the present invention.When delayer is to prolong
When the invariable delayer of Shi Shichang, delayer be can be set inside waveguide chip, be located at first wave conducting wire or the second wave
On conducting wire.In waveguide chip manufacturing process, during forming first wave conducting wire or second waveguide line, while drawing and prolonging
When device；Or be arranged outside waveguide chip, it is realized using delay piece；When delayer delayer adjustable for delay duration,
The delayer of Variable delay can be obtained by setting microcavity or multi-stage cascade mode.
When needing to be modulated the light pulse phase on first wave conducting wire or second waveguide line, mixed in the present embodiment
Waveguide integrated interferometer, can also include phase modulation module, and phase modulation module is arranged in first wave conducting wire and/or the second wave
On conducting wire, the phase difference for the light pulse transmitted in defeated light pulse and second waveguide line is uploaded for modulating first wave conducting wire.Please
Referring to Fig. 7-Fig. 9, wherein Fig. 7 is that phase modulation module 16 is arranged on first wave conducting wire 14, and Fig. 8 is phase modulation module 16
It is arranged on second waveguide line 15, Fig. 9 is that phase modulation module 16 is arranged on first wave conducting wire 14 and second waveguide line 15
On.The concrete form of unlimited phase bit modulation module, can be phase-modulator, is also possible to phase shifter in the present embodiment.
It should be noted that not limiting the specific structure of beam splitter 13 in the present embodiment, 50:50 beam splitter can be,
Effect is the light pulse as a light pulse is divided into two；Or beam is closed into two light pulses and forms a light pulse, this
It is not limited this in embodiment.
The hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer provided in the embodiment of the present invention can apply the hair in quantum key dispatching system
Sending end and/or receiving end apply the transmitting terminal in quantum key dispatching system in the present embodiment with hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer
For illustrate its working principle, can be illustrated by taking hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer shown in FIG. 1 as an example, working principle is specific
It is as follows:
Light pulse is incident from the entrance port of waveguide chip 111, divides by 50:50 beam splitter 13 for the first light pulse and second
Light pulse, wherein the first light pulse is transmitted along first wave conducting wire 14, after delayer 2, is reached reflecting module 3, is reflected
Afterwards, along 14 backtracking of first wave conducting wire to beam splitter 13；Second light pulse is transmitted along second waveguide line 15, reaches reflecting module
3, after reflecting, along 15 backtracking of second waveguide line to beam splitter 13；The first light pulse and the second light pulse reflected exist
Also two light pulses are respectively divided at beam splitter 13, the first light pulse and the second light pulse are divided into two, and therein one
Road light pulse is emitted from the entrance port of waveguide chip 111, and another way light pulse is emitted from the exit portal 112 of waveguide chip.It needs
Illustrate, the light pulse abandoned being emitted from entrance port 111 does not have to, and the light pulse being emitted from exit portal 112 is close for quantum
Key distribution.
A kind of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer provided by the invention, including waveguide chip, delayer and reflecting module, it is described
Waveguide chip includes beam splitter, first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line；On the one hand, since first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line are
Formed in waveguide chip manufacturing process, and waveguide chip make to form the precision of first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line can be with
In Nano grade, the control precision relative to fibre optic interferometer is micron level for control, so that the arm length difference of interferometer controls essence
Du Genggao.On the other hand, waveguide chip interferometer volume is minimum, vibration isolation and temperature control is conveniently packaged, to be not easy
It is influenced by external environment, stability is more preferable；In another aspect, optical waveguide itself possesses preferable polarization property, compared to optical fiber
For, the polarization of light pulse keeps more preferable in communication process, so hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer is more stable.Three above
Aspect makes the arm length difference of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer be more easier to control relative to fibre optic interferometer, and then applies and measuring
In sub-key distribution system, so that quantum key dispatching system work is more stable.
The embodiment of the present invention also provides a kind of quantum key dispatching system, and 0, Figure 10 is the embodiment of the present invention referring to Figure 1
A kind of quantum key dispatching system structural schematic diagram of middle offer；The quantum key dispatching system includes being connected by channel C
Transmitting terminal Alice and receiving end Bob, transmitting terminal Alice include light-pulse generator A1, the first interferometer A2, first phase modulation
Modules A 3 and attenuator A4；Receiving end Bob include the first detector B1, the second detector B2, second phase modulation module B3 and
Second interferometer B4.
Wherein, the arm length difference of the first interferometer A2 and the second interferometer B4 are identical, and the first interferometer A2 and/or second is dry
Interferometer B4 is any one the hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer provided in above example.
The connection relationship of above-mentioned each structure includes: that light-pulse generator A1 issues light pulse, after being coupled to the first interferometer A2,
It is emitted to first phase modulation module A3 and is transmitted to channel C by attenuator A4, be transmitted to second phase modulation by channel C
Module B3, then it is transmitted separately to the second interferometer B4 and the first detector B1；Light pulse after the second interferometer B4 is defeated again
Out to the second detector B2.
It should be noted that quantum key dispatching system includes transmitting terminal Alice and receiving end Bob, include in the two
Interferometer, can be with transmitting terminal Alice or receiving end Bob using the mixed recharge provided in above example of the present invention in the present embodiment
Integrated interferometer is led, it is integrated dry that hybrid waveguide described in above example of the present invention can also be all made of with transmitting terminal and receiving end
Interferometer.Since the arm length difference of transmitting terminal Alice and receiving end Bob need to keep strict conformance, arm length difference one is controlled for convenience
Cause, optionally, the interferometer of transmitting terminal Alice and receiving end Bob are all made of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer, thus avoid because
Caused by arm length difference is inconsistent the problem of quantum key dispatching system job insecurity.
The connection relationship between the first entrance port interferometer A2 and exit portal and other component is not limited in the present embodiment, it can
Choosing, the light pulse of light-pulse generator A1 is coupled to by optical fiber and fiber coupler the entrance port of the first interferometer A2；Also lead to
It crosses fiber coupler and optical fiber and couples extraneous light for the light pulse of the exit portal of the first interferometer A2 and transmit.Similarly
The connection relationship of second interferometer B4 and other component is realized also by optical fiber and fiber coupler, is not done in the present embodiment to this
It is described in detail.
It should be noted that in the embodiment of the present invention unlimited phase bit modulation module position, first phase modulation module
A3 can also be arranged in inside the first interferometer A2；And/or；Second phase modulation module B3 also can be set in the second interference
Inside instrument B4.Phase modulation module is located in the first wave conducting wire and/or second waveguide line of interferometer, and specific set-up mode can be with
Referring to shown in Fig. 7-Fig. 9, this is not described in detail in the present embodiment.
At the receiving end end Bob, the light pulse after second phase modulation module B3 is divided into two-way, wherein directly entering all the way
It is incident upon the first detector B1, another way is incident in the second interferometer B4, does not limit the specific side for realizing beam splitting in the present embodiment
Formula, optionally, as shown in Figure 10, receiving end Bob further includes circulator B5, and circulator B5 includes port 1, port 2 and port
3, the light pass-through mode of three ports is that light pulse input is received by port 1, distinguishes output optical pulse by port 2 and port 3.
It is arranged at outside interferometer in the present embodiment with first phase modulation module A3 and second phase modulation module B3
It is illustrated, the working principle of quantum key dispatching system includes:
(1) in the entrance port for being optically coupled to the first interferometer A2 that transmitting terminal Alice, light-pulse generator A1 are issued, by coupling
Clutch is coupled into waveguide chip.
(2) light pulse is transmitted in waveguide chip along waveguide wire, is divided into two bundles light after then passing through the beam splitter of 50:50
Pulse, a branch of first wave wire transmission along in waveguide chip, in addition a branch of second waveguide line along in waveguide chip passes
It is defeated.
(3) then the two light pulses are incident respectively enters in 90 degree faraday rotation mirrors, then pass through polarization rotation with
Waveguide chip is again introduced into after reflection.
(4) the two pulses are transmitted again along first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line respectively.Then 50:50 is again passed by
It is emitted after beam splitter by the exit portal of waveguide chip.Outgoing pulse is interval time front and back two corresponding with interferometer arm length difference
A pulse.
(5) first phase modulation module A3, first phase tune are then passed through by two pulses that the first interferometer A2 is emitted
Molding block A3 carries out phase-modulation according to BB84 agreement to wherein any one pulse, they pass through attenuator A4, decaying later
To enter channel C after single photon magnitude.
(6) after in receiving end, Bob receives light pulse, also using second phase modulation module B3 according to BB84 agreement pair
Wherein any one pulse progress phase-modulation possesses by the port 1 and port 2 of optical circulator into transmitting terminal Alice
In second interferometer B4 of identical arm length difference.The two pulses by 50:50 beam splitter and faraday rotation mirror reflection after, according to
The third of the second interferometer B4 galianconism in the secondary long-armed and receiving end Bob by the first interferometer A2 in transmitting terminal Alice
Pulse and successively by the second interferometer B4 long in the galianconism and receiving end Bob of the first interferometer A2 in transmitting terminal Alice
4th pulse of arm can go out interfere in 50:50 beam splitter, followed by the first detector B1 and the second detector B2 to dry
Result is related to measure.Interfered by above-mentioned two pulse, to extract phase code information.
(7) measurement result is recorded, subsequent transmitting terminal Alice and receiving end Bob are by putting base, error correction and secrecy
Big and etc. the distribution for completing quantum key.
It should be noted that the above is only being illustrated by taking a kind of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer structure as an example, other
The application method of the hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer structure of structure is similar to working principle in the embodiment of the present invention, in the present embodiment
This is not described in detail.
Since the arm length difference of hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer is more easier to control, so that by the integrated interference of hybrid waveguide
The quantum key dispatching system work of instrument composition is more stable.
It should be noted that all the embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment weight
Point explanation is the difference from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other.
It should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second and the like are used merely to one
Entity or operation are distinguished with another entity or operation, without necessarily requiring or implying between these entities or operation
There are any actual relationship or orders.Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or its any other variant are intended to contain
Lid non-exclusive inclusion, so that article or equipment including a series of elements not only include those elements, but also
It including other elements that are not explicitly listed, or further include for this article or the intrinsic element of equipment.Do not having
In the case where more limitations, the element that is limited by sentence "including a ...", it is not excluded that in the article including above-mentioned element
Or there is also other identical elements in equipment.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present invention.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.Therefore, of the invention
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest scope of cause.
Claims (10)
1. hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer characterized by comprising
Waveguide chip, delayer and reflecting module；
The waveguide chip includes the first end face and second end face being oppositely arranged, and the first end face includes the incidence of light pulse
Mouth and exit portal；
The reflecting module is located at the second end face；
The waveguide chip includes beam splitter, first wave conducting wire and second waveguide line；
The delayer is for being delayed to the light pulse on the first wave conducting wire or the second waveguide line；
Wherein, a light pulse for being incident to the entrance port is divided into the first light pulse and the second light pulse by the beam splitter,
First light pulse is transmitted along the first wave wire transmission, second light pulse along the second waveguide line；
The reflecting module reflects the first light pulse on the first wave conducting wire, and returns along the first wave conducting wire, with
And the second light pulse on the second waveguide line is reflected, and is returned along the second waveguide line；
The first light pulse and returned along the second waveguide line that the beam splitter is also used to return along the first wave conducting wire
The second light pulse difference beam splitting after, output is to the exit portal.
2. hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the reflecting module be reflecting mirror or
Faraday's rotating mirror.
3. hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the reflecting mirror includes being arranged in institute
The reflectance coating stating the plane mirror in second end face or being formed in using coating process in the second end face.
4. hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that faraday's rotating mirror includes reflection
Mirror, magneto-optical crystal and magnet ring；
The magneto-optical crystal is located at reflecting mirror incident light side；
The magnet ring is arranged around the magneto-optical crystal.
5. hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer according to claim 4, which is characterized in that faraday's rotating mirror further includes standard
Straight lens, the collimation lens are located at the side that the magneto-optical crystal deviates from the reflecting mirror.
6. hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the delayer is arranged in the wave
Chip interior is led, is located on the first wave conducting wire or the second waveguide line.
7. hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the delayer is that delay duration is permanent
The fixed constant adjustable delayer of delayer or delay duration.
8. hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that it further include phase modulation module, institute
It states phase modulation module to be arranged on the first wave conducting wire and/or the second waveguide line, for modulating the first wave guide
The phase difference of the light pulse transmitted on line and the light pulse transmitted on the second waveguide line.
9. a kind of quantum key dispatching system, including the transmitting terminal being connected by channel and receiving end, which is characterized in that
The transmitting terminal includes light-pulse generator, the first interferometer, first phase modulation module and attenuator；
The receiving end includes the first detector, the second detector, second phase modulation module and the second interferometer；
Wherein, first interferometer is identical with the arm length difference of second interferometer, first interferometer and/or described
Two interferometers are hybrid waveguide integrated interferometer described in claim 1-7 any one；
The light-pulse generator issues light pulse, after being coupled to first interferometer, is emitted to the first phase modulation module
And it is transmitted to the channel by the attenuator, by the transmission to the second phase modulation module, then distinguish
It is transmitted to second interferometer and first detector；Light pulse after second interferometer is exported again to described
Second detector.
10. quantum key dispatching system according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the first phase modulation module is set
It sets inside first interferometer；
And/or；
The second phase modulation module is arranged inside second interferometer.
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