CN112968209A - Ionic liquid gel electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Ionic liquid gel electrolyte and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112968209A CN112968209A CN202110204781.6A CN202110204781A CN112968209A CN 112968209 A CN112968209 A CN 112968209A CN 202110204781 A CN202110204781 A CN 202110204781A CN 112968209 A CN112968209 A CN 112968209A
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- ionic liquid
- gel electrolyte
- lithium
- liquid gel
- formula
- Prior art date
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- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 239000011245 gel electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- -1 polyoxyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920005569 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- KAKQVSNHTBLJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluoromethanesulfonimidic acid Chemical compound NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F KAKQVSNHTBLJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004390 alkyl sulfonyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F MCVFFRWZNYZUIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008053 sultones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- SYRDSFGUUQPYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FC(=O)C(F)=O Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FC(=O)C(F)=O SYRDSFGUUQPYOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium dihydrogen borate oxalic acid Chemical compound B([O-])(O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.C(C(=O)O)(=O)O.[Li+] DEUISMFZZMAAOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 18
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 17
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- QRNMBYCPVJHTTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxy-n-ethyl-n-methylethanamine Chemical compound CCOCCN(C)CC QRNMBYCPVJHTTJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[S] Chemical compound [Na].[S] BNOODXBBXFZASF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[S] Chemical compound [Li].[S] JDZCKJOXGCMJGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FOZVXADQAHVUSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-2-(2-bromoethoxy)ethane Chemical compound BrCCOCCBr FOZVXADQAHVUSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-Methylbutan-2-one Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)=O SYBYTAAJFKOIEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDSCNYYRPIFOJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-chlorobutane-1-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound ClCCCCS(Cl)(=O)=O YDSCNYYRPIFOJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003957 anion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003660 carbonate based solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylmethylamine Chemical compound CCNC LIWAQLJGPBVORC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Propyl acetate Natural products CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxathiane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCCO1 MHYFEEDKONKGEB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940090181 propyl acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009774 resonance method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N valeric acid Chemical compound CCCCC(O)=O NQPDZGIKBAWPEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/52—Separators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0561—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of inorganic materials only
- H01M10/0562—Solid materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2200/00—Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of battery materials, and discloses an ionic liquid gel electrolyte, and a preparation method and application thereof. The ionic liquid gel electrolyte comprises the following components: ionic liquid, polymer, lithium salt and inorganic nano particles; the structure of the ionic liquid is shown as formula (1) or formula (2):
R1is a group containing an ether bond; r2、R3Each independently is an alkyl group; n is any integer between 2 and 20. The ionic liquid gel electrolyte has high mechanical strength, can improve the safety of the battery, and has high conductivity and high lithium ion transference number. The preparation method of the ionic liquid gel electrolyte is simple and is beneficial to the industrialization of quasi-solid batteries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of battery materials, and particularly relates to an ionic liquid gel electrolyte, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
With the development of batteries of various electronic products and electric vehicles and the construction of new energy and smart power grids, the importance of energy storage batteries is also more and more prominent, and the batteries have become important development industries of various countries and governments at different levels. Compared with traditional fossil energy, clean energy such as hydropower, solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, biomass energy and the like has the advantages of being renewable, environment-friendly and the like. However, since solar energy, wind energy and the like are intermittent energy sources, the solar energy, the wind energy and the like must be stored first to realize smooth output. The battery is used for storing energy, and a smart grid is established, which is the most effective solution at present. Three representative energy storage battery technologies are sodium sulfur batteries, flow batteries, and lithium ion batteries. The sodium-sulfur battery and the flow battery are generally suitable for large-scale energy storage equipment due to the fact that the sodium-sulfur battery is high in working temperature (300-. In addition to being used for the storage of intermittent energy sources, the more important application areas of energy storage batteries are electric vehicles and portable electronic products. Although various lithium ion batteries are widely used and the specific energy reaches 250Wh/kg, the specific energy still cannot meet the practical requirement, and a new substitute is urgently needed. Therefore, research and development of high-capacity batteries such as all-solid-state lithium ion batteries, lithium sulfur batteries, lithium air batteries and fuel cells are receiving much attention, and the batteries are expected to become next-generation power or energy storage batteries.
The all-solid-state lithium ion battery adopts the solid electrolyte to replace the traditional organic liquid electrolyte (the battery containing the organic liquid electrolyte has poor safety), is expected to fundamentally solve the safety problem of the battery caused by the liquid electrolyte and greatly improve the energy density of the battery. The all-solid-state battery is an ideal chemical power source for electric automobiles and large-scale energy storage. However, the solid-solid interface of the electrode/electrolyte in the all-solid battery has serious problems of large interface resistance, poor interface stability, interface stress variation and the like, and the performance of the battery is directly influenced, and the real industrialization of the all-solid battery can be after 2030 years.
The replacement of the electrolyte with the polymer gel electrolyte is considered to be an effective solution to the above problems, and can reduce the risk of leakage of the liquid electrolyte, simplify the internal structure of the battery, and improve the energy density. The polymer gel electrolyte is mainly composed of a polymer, a plasticizer and a lithium salt. Plasticizers in conventional polymer gel electrolytes are mainly carbonate-based solvents such as Ethylene Carbonate (EC), Propylene Carbonate (PC), Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and the like. The presence of these organic solvents still poses a high risk to the battery, especially under high temperature conditions.
Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new gel electrolyte which does not contain flammable and volatile substances and has high conductivity and high mechanical strength, reduce the interface resistance between the quasi-solid electrolyte and other battery materials, and improve the energy density, charge and discharge efficiency and safety of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art described above. Therefore, the ionic liquid gel electrolyte does not contain inflammable and volatile substances, can improve the safety of the battery, has high conductivity, is beneficial to reducing the interface resistance in the battery, improves the charge and discharge efficiency of the battery, and further improves the energy density of the battery.
The invention conception of the invention is as follows: the Ionic Liquids (Ionic Liquids) are special room-temperature organic molten salts which are completely composed of ions, have extremely low volatility, are not combustible, and are safe and environment-friendly. Therefore, the ionic liquid is used for replacing the traditional electrolyte solvent to construct the gel electrolyte, and the safety of the battery can be fundamentally improved. The ionic liquid refers to a class of ionic liquid compounds in which anion centers and cation centers are connected through covalent bonds and the whole molecules are neutral. The ionic liquid is neutral as a whole, so that the ionic liquid cannot generate electromigration in an electric field, and as a plasticizer, the ionic liquid can improve the transference number of lithium ions, promote the dissociation of lithium salts and improve the molar conductivity of the lithium ions. The addition of the inorganic nanoparticles can lower the glass transition temperature and crystallinity of the polymer and improve the conductivity of the electrolyte by increasing the degree of disorder on the surface of the nanoparticles. The ionic liquid is used for replacing the traditional organic plasticizer, and the high-performance gel electrolyte is constructed by optimally combining the ionic liquid with the polymer, the lithium salt and the inorganic nano particles. The gel is an electrolyte, is used for developing quasi-solid batteries, and can improve the interface wettability, reduce the interface resistance and improve the charge-discharge efficiency; and the diaphragm can simplify the internal structure of the battery and improve the energy density.
A first aspect of the invention provides an ionic liquid gel electrolyte.
Specifically, the ionic liquid gel electrolyte comprises the following components: ionic liquid, polymer, lithium salt and inorganic nano particles;
the structure of the ionic liquid is shown as a formula (1) or a formula (2):
r in the formula (1) or the formula (2)1A group containing an ether bond (referred to as an ether group);
r in the formula (1) or the formula (2)2、R3Each independently is an alkyl group;
n is any integer between 2 and 20.
The ionic liquid has low volatility, is not easy to combust, has high safety, and can not migrate along with the potential due to the whole electroneutrality, so that the high lithium ion migration number can be maintained. In addition, the ionic liquid can shield the interaction between ions, promote the dissociation of lithium salt and further improve the conductivity. Therefore, the ionic liquid gel electrolyte has high conductivity and lithium ion transference number at the same time.
Preferably, said R is1is-CH2OCH3、-CH2OC2H5、-C2H4OCH3、-C2H4OC2H5、-C2H4OC2H4OCH3or-C2H4OC2H4OC2H5One kind of (1).
R1The introduction of (2) can effectively reduce the stacking efficiency among ions and increase the void volume, thereby reducing the viscosity and improving the conductivity.
Preferably, said R is2、R3Are each independently-CH3、-C2H5、-C3H7、-C4H9、-C5H11or-C6H13One of (1); further preferably, R is2、R3The alkyl groups represented are straight-chain alkyl groups.
Preferably, n is any integer between 2 and 10.
Preferably, the polymer is at least one of Polyacrylonitrile (PAN), Polyoxyethylene (PEO), polyoxypropylene (PPO), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (P (VdF-HFP)), or polyacrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate (P (AN-MMA)).
Preferably, the lithium salt is lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF)6) Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF)4) Lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI), lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiCF)3SO3) Lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB), lithium difluoro (oxalato) borate (lidob), lithium nitrate (LiNO)3) Or lithium perchlorate (LiClO)4) At least one of (1).
Preferably, the inorganic nanoparticles are SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、MgO、ZrO2、ZnO2Or montmorillonite.
Preferably, in the ionic liquid gel electrolyte, the ionic liquid accounts for 25-78% by weight; further preferably, the ionic liquid accounts for 25% -75%.
Preferably, in the ionic liquid gel electrolyte, the polymer accounts for 5-50% by weight; more preferably, the polymer accounts for 5% -25%.
Preferably, in the ionic liquid gel electrolyte, the lithium salt accounts for 5-45% by weight; more preferably, the lithium salt accounts for 5% -35%.
Preferably, in the ionic liquid gel electrolyte, the inorganic nanoparticles account for 0.5-12% by weight; further preferably, the inorganic nanoparticles account for 0.5% -10%.
Preferably, the ionic liquid gel electrolyte comprises 25-78% of ionic liquid, 5-25% of polymer, 5-45% of lithium salt and 0.5-12% of inorganic nanoparticles by weight.
Further preferably, the ionic liquid gel electrolyte comprises, by weight, 25% -75% of an ionic liquid, 10% -50% of a polymer, 5% -35% of a lithium salt, and 0.5% -10% of inorganic nanoparticles.
The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above ionic liquid gel electrolyte.
Specifically, the preparation method of the ionic liquid gel electrolyte comprises the following steps:
and adding the polymer, lithium salt, ionic liquid and inorganic nanoparticles into a solvent, mixing to obtain a mixture, removing the solvent, and drying to obtain the ionic liquid gel electrolyte.
Preferably, the synthesis process of the ionic liquid comprises the following steps:
reacting a secondary amine with a haloether hydrocarbon (R for haloether hydrocarbon)1X represents) to form a tertiary amine intermediate, and then mixing the tertiary amine intermediate with sultone to react to prepare the ionic liquid;
or the like, or, alternatively,
and (2) reacting secondary amine with halogenated ether hydrocarbon to form a tertiary amine intermediate, and then mixing and reacting the tertiary amine intermediate with halogenated alkyl sulfonyl chloride and trifluoromethanesulfonamide to obtain the ionic liquid.
Preferably, the synthetic route of the ionic liquid is as follows:
preferably, the polymer, the lithium salt, the ionic liquid and the inorganic nanoparticles are sequentially added to the solvent. Is beneficial to better dispersion of each component.
Preferably, the solvent is an organic solvent; more preferably, the organic solvent is at least one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, N-butanol, diethyl ether, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, benzene, toluene, acetonitrile, acetone, methyl butanone, pentane, hexane, cyclohexane, octane, dichloromethane, chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, or N, N-dimethylformamide.
Preferably, the process for removing the solvent is as follows: the mixture is placed in a glass or teflon petri dish and the solvent is removed by natural evaporation at room temperature (e.g. 0-40 ℃).
Preferably, the drying is performed under vacuum conditions; further preferably, the drying is carried out for 40 to 55 hours under the vacuum condition of 50 to 155 ℃; more preferably, the drying is performed under vacuum at 60 ℃ to 150 ℃ for 48 to 50 hours.
A third aspect of the invention provides the use of an ionic liquid gel electrolyte as described above.
A battery or capacitor comprising an ionic liquid gel electrolyte according to the invention.
Preferably, the battery is selected from one of a lithium ion battery, a lithium sulfur battery or a lithium air battery.
Preferably, the capacitor is a lithium ion supercapacitor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) in the ionic liquid gel electrolyte, a thin film with developed pores and certain mechanical strength is formed by crosslinking a polymer, and an ionic liquid and a lithium salt are stored in the gaps formed by the polymer to play a role in electric conduction. The ionic liquid is extremely low in volatility, is nonflammable, is neutral as a whole, cannot cause electromigration in an electric field, is used as a plasticizer to replace a traditional organic solvent, can improve the safety of the battery, and can improve the migration number of lithium ions. In addition, the ionic liquid can promote the dissociation of lithium salt and improve the molar conductivity of lithium ions. The addition of the inorganic nanoparticles can not only reduce the glass transition temperature and crystallinity of the polymer, but also improve the conductivity of the ionic liquid gel electrolyte by increasing the degree of disorder on the surfaces of the nanoparticles. The ionic liquid gel electrolyte has strong mechanical strength, can play the roles of the electrolyte and a diaphragm simultaneously, simplifies the internal structure of a lithium ion battery, improves the energy density, has high conductivity, is favorable for reducing the interface resistance in the battery, and improves the charging and discharging efficiency of the battery.
(2) The preparation method is simple, is very suitable for the application of the ionic liquid gel electrolyte, and is beneficial to the industrialization of the quasi-solid battery.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention more apparent to those skilled in the art, the following examples are given for illustration. It should be noted that the following examples are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention.
The starting materials, reagents or apparatuses used in the following examples are conventionally commercially available or can be obtained by conventionally known methods, unless otherwise specified.
The basic property measurement of the ionic liquid gel electrolyte comprises conductivity, lithium ion transference number, tensile strength, Young modulus and the like. The conductivity is measured by an alternating current impedance method, the transference number of the lithium ions is measured by a method combining a steady-state current method and an electrochemical impedance method, the tensile strength is measured by a stretching method, and the Young modulus is measured by a resonance method.
Example 1:
preparation of N- (2-ethoxyethyl) -N-ethylmethylamine
A method for preparing N- (2-ethoxyethyl) -N-ethylmethylamine comprises the following steps:
mixing and stirring 1.0mol of N-ethylmethylamine, 0.50mol of 2-bromoethyl ether and 0.50mol of sodium hydroxide in 150mL of water at 25 ℃ for 10 hours, then heating to 45 ℃ and continuing stirring for 10 hours, adding excessive NaCl after the reaction to form a saturated solution, extracting with N-hexane (the amount of the N-hexane used is 100mL each time for 3 times), collecting an extract, adding anhydrous magnesium sulfate into the extract to dry and remove water, filtering, then distilling at normal pressure, collecting fractions at 115 ℃ and 125 ℃, wherein the yield of the N- (2-ethoxyethyl) -N-ethylmethylamine is 55%. The mass spectrometric molecular weight determined experimentally is 131.1311, corresponding to the theoretical value of N- (2-ethoxyethyl) -N-ethylmethylamine (131.13).
Example 2:
preparation of 2O2EMA4S Ionic liquid (2O2EMA4S is the number of the Ionic liquid)
The preparation method of the 2O2EMA4S comprises the following steps:
0.10mol of N- (2-ethoxyethyl) -N-ethylmethylamine prepared in example 1 are dissolved in 50mL of ethyl acetate under ice bath and nitrogen protection, then 0.10mol of 1, 4-butanesultone is slowly added dropwise to the solution, and the temperature is raised to room temperature and 20 ℃ for 3 days. After the reaction is finished, 50mL of anhydrous ether is added, the mixture is placed in a refrigerator at the temperature of minus 40 ℃ for freezing crystallization, and after the crystallization is completed, the upper layer liquid is poured out. Then, the mixture was recrystallized once from a mixed solvent of 50mL of ethyl acetate and 50mL of anhydrous ether. After the upper layer liquid was poured out, vacuum-dried at 60 ℃ for 12 hours, and cooled to room temperature to obtain 2O2EMA4S as a pale yellow liquid with a yield of 51%. The structure of the ionic liquid obtained in example 2 was confirmed by a characterization means such as mass spectrometry.
Example 3:
preparation of 2O2EAM4SNS Ionic liquid (2O2EAM4SNS is the ionic liquid number)
The preparation method of the 2O2EAM4SNS comprises the following steps:
under the protection of nitrogen, 0.20mol of N- (2-ethoxyethyl) -N-ethylmethylamine, 0.10mol of 4-chloro-1-butylsulfonyl chloride and 0.10mol of trifluoromethanesulfonamide prepared in example 1 are dissolved in 300mL of dry acetonitrile and reacted at room temperature for 3 days, after the reaction is finished, the solvent is removed by vacuum drying at 60 ℃, inorganic halogen ions are removed by anion exchange resin, then the reaction product is subjected to vacuum drying, the product is extracted by anhydrous ether (the amount of the anhydrous ether used is 50mL each time for 3 times) to remove unreacted organic matters, and then the product is subjected to vacuum drying at 60 ℃ to obtain pale yellow liquid, so that 2O2EAM4SNS is prepared, and the yield is 12%. The structure of the ionic liquid obtained in example 3 was confirmed by a characterization means such as mass spectrometry.
Example 4: preparation of ionic liquid 2O2EMA 4S-based gel electrolyte
An ionic liquid gel electrolyte contains polymethyl methacrylate (0.5 g) and LiPF60.5g, nano SiO20.10g of ionic liquid 2O2EMA4S 1.0.0 g prepared in example 2.
A preparation method of an ionic liquid gel electrolyte comprises the following steps:
weighing 1.0g of ionic liquid 2O2EMA4S and 0.5g of LiPF6Performing ultrasonic treatment on lithium salt for 30 minutes at room temperature, and fully mixing to form a solution A; weighing 0.5g of polymethyl methacrylate, putting the weighed polymethyl methacrylate into 8mL of dichloromethane, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, and fully and uniformly mixing to form a solution B; mixing the solution A and the solution B, and adding 0.10g of nano SiO2And (3) carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the particles for 30 minutes, fully and uniformly mixing to form a solution C, transferring the solution C into a horizontally placed glass culture dish, covering a filter paper with a small hole, slowly evaporating the solvent, transferring the solution C into a vacuum drying oven after 1 day, and carrying out vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the semitransparent ionic liquid gel electrolyte.
Tests prove that the ionic liquid gel electrolyte prepared by the embodiment has the conductivity of 1.4mS/cm at 25 ℃ (the conductivity is beneficial to reducing the interface resistance of the ionic liquid gel electrolyte and other battery materials), the transference number of lithium ions is 0.75, the tensile strength is 12.3MPa, and the Young modulus is 233 MPa.
Example 5: preparation of ionic liquid 2O2EAM4SNS gel electrolyte
An ionic liquid gel electrolyte comprises polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer 0.5g, LiTFSI 0.5g, and nanometer SiO20.040g, and 1.0g of ionic liquid 2O2EAM4SNS obtained in example 3.
A preparation method of an ionic liquid gel electrolyte comprises the following steps:
weighing 1.0g of ionic liquid 2O2EAM4SNS and 0.5g of LiTFSI lithium salt, performing ultrasonic treatment at room temperature for 30 minutes, and fully mixing to form a solution a; weighing 0.5g of polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, placing the polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer in 10mL of acetone, carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 50 ℃ for 3 hours, and fully and uniformly mixing to form a solution b; mixing the solution a and the solution b, and adding 0.040g of nano SiO2Carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the particles for 3 hours at 50 ℃, and fully and uniformly mixing to form a solution c; transferring the solution c to a horizontally placed glass culture dish, covering a filter paper with a small hole, slowly evaporating the solvent, transferring to a vacuum drying oven after 1 day, and performing vacuum drying at 80 ℃ for 10 hours to obtain the semitransparent ionic liquid gel electrolyte.
Through tests, the ionic liquid gel electrolyte prepared in the embodiment has the conductivity of 1.4mS/cm at 25 ℃, the transference number of lithium ions of 0.76, the tensile strength of 14.8MPa and the Young modulus of 267 MPa.
Application example
A battery comprising the ionic liquid gel electrolyte prepared in example 4.
A capacitor comprising the ionic liquid gel electrolyte prepared in example 5.
In the embodiments described in the present invention, the ionic liquid gel electrolyte obtained by randomly combining the types of the polymer, the lithium salt, the inorganic nanoparticles, and the ionic liquid, or the ionic liquid gel electrolyte obtained by changing the relationship between the amounts of the polymer, the lithium salt, the inorganic nanoparticles, and the ionic liquid is used, as long as the effect of the ionic liquid gel electrolyte obtained in the embodiments described in the present invention is similar to that of the ionic liquid gel electrolyte obtained in examples 4 to 5.
Claims (10)
1. An ionic liquid gel electrolyte, characterized by comprising the following components: ionic liquid, polymer, lithium salt and inorganic nano particles;
the structure of the ionic liquid is shown as a formula (1) or a formula (2):
r in the formula (1) or the formula (2)1Is a group containing an ether bond;
r in the formula (1) or the formula (2)2、R3Each independently is an alkyl group;
n is any integer between 2 and 20.
2. The ionic liquid gel electrolyte of claim 1, wherein R is1is-CH2OCH3、-CH2OC2H5、-C2H4OCH3、-C2H4OC2H5、-C2H4OC2H4OCH3or-C2H4OC2H4OC2H5One kind of (1).
3. The ionic liquid gel electrolyte of claim 1, wherein R is2、R3Are each independently-CH3、-C2H5、-C3H7、-C4H9、-C5H11or-C6H13One kind of (1).
4. The ionic liquid gel electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the polymer is at least one of polyacrylonitrile, polyoxyethylene, polyoxypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, or polyacrylonitrile-methyl methacrylate.
5. The ionic liquid gel electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the lithium salt is at least one of lithium hexafluorophosphate, lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide, lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide, lithium trifluoromethanesulfonate, lithium dioxalate borate, lithium difluorooxalate borate, lithium nitrate, or lithium perchlorate.
6. The ionic liquid gel electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the inorganic nanoparticles are SiO2、TiO2、Al2O3、MgO、ZrO2、ZnO2Or montmorillonite.
7. The ionic liquid gel electrolyte as claimed in claim 1, which comprises 25-78% of ionic liquid, 5-25% of polymer, 5-45% of lithium salt and 0.5-12% of inorganic nano-particles by weight.
8. The method of preparing an ionic liquid gel electrolyte according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:
and adding the polymer, lithium salt, ionic liquid and inorganic nanoparticles into a solvent, mixing to obtain a mixture, removing the solvent, and drying to obtain the ionic liquid gel electrolyte.
9. The preparation method according to claim 8, wherein the ionic liquid synthesis process comprises the following steps:
reacting secondary amine with halogenated ether hydrocarbon to form a tertiary amine intermediate, and then mixing and reacting the tertiary amine intermediate with sultone to prepare the ionic liquid;
or the like, or, alternatively,
and (2) reacting secondary amine with halogenated ether hydrocarbon to form a tertiary amine intermediate, and then mixing and reacting the tertiary amine intermediate with halogenated alkyl sulfonyl chloride and trifluoromethanesulfonamide to obtain the ionic liquid.
10. A battery or capacitor comprising the ionic liquid gel electrolyte of any one of claims 1-7.
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