CN112964966B - Parallel arc fault positioning method and system for low-voltage distribution network - Google Patents
Parallel arc fault positioning method and system for low-voltage distribution network Download PDFInfo
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- CN112964966B CN112964966B CN202110278692.6A CN202110278692A CN112964966B CN 112964966 B CN112964966 B CN 112964966B CN 202110278692 A CN202110278692 A CN 202110278692A CN 112964966 B CN112964966 B CN 112964966B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/08—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks
- G01R31/081—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors
- G01R31/086—Locating faults in cables, transmission lines, or networks according to type of conductors in power transmission or distribution networks, i.e. with interconnected conductors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
- G01R31/1227—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials
- G01R31/1263—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation
- G01R31/1272—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing of components, parts or materials of solid or fluid materials, e.g. insulation films, bulk material; of semiconductors or LV electronic components or parts; of cable, line or wire insulation of cable, line or wire insulation, e.g. using partial discharge measurements
Abstract
The invention provides a parallel arc fault positioning method and a system of a low-voltage distribution network, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the monitoring node performs low-pass filtering on the voltage acquisition signal of each cycle; the magnitude of each phase voltage of the line is monitored by taking the cycle as a unit, and the monitoring of the line voltage is synchronously completed according to the phase voltages; the magnitude change of a certain phase voltage is detected to exceed a set threshold value at a certain cycleαWhen the fault information is monitored, the cycle is judged to be the fault cycle; and sending effective value data of the phase voltage of the fault cycle to gateway equipment, grouping the effective value data of the phase voltage of the fault cycle by the gateway equipment, finding the most upstream monitoring node in the group with the minimum average value according to the line topology structure of the transformer area low-voltage network, and judging that the fault point is close to an upstream line of the most upstream monitoring node. The invention can realize the positioning of the fault point by utilizing the difference of the influence of the arc voltage of the fault point and the power supply voltage on each distributed monitoring point.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering measurement, in particular to a parallel arc fault positioning method and system for a low-voltage distribution network.
Background
The low-voltage distribution line is subjected to physical friction, chemical corrosion and other factors, so that the insulation layer of the line cable can be aged, abraded, poor in contact and the like, and fault arcs can be caused. The arc temperature generated by the current of 0.5A can reach 2000-3000 ℃, which is enough to ignite any combustible material, and the arc can continuously exist stably and is difficult to extinguish when the maintaining voltage of the arc is as low as 20V, therefore, the fault arc is usually the important cause of fire.
Most of the existing research on arc detection aims at detecting whether an arc exists or not, namely, whether a fault arc occurs or not is detected, and a power supply is cut off to avoid fire accidents caused by the arc. However, in a low-voltage distribution line, from a distribution transformer to a system before a meter, a large number of low-voltage distribution lines still exist, the branches are multiple, the topology is complex, the line belongs to a 'blind pipe' state at present, detection of an arc fault is not enough for the line, and from the viewpoint of power supply reliability and safety, the position of a fault point must be determined in time when the arc fault is detected, and the timely maintenance and replacement of the fault line are realized, so that the potential hazard of an electric fire caused by the arc can be fundamentally solved.
A parallel arc fault refers to a fault arc occurring between the "phase line-N", "phase-phase" and "phase-PE" lines. The parallel arcs have a large fault current compared to the series arcs and are therefore more prone to fire. For an indoor system, the specified load current is generally small (such as not exceeding 40A), and because the fault current is generally large (reaching 75-500A) when a parallel arc occurs, the protection on the fault can be completely realized through overcurrent protection; for the positioning of the fault point, because indoor lines are relatively few and the structure is simple, the requirement for the automatic positioning technology of the fault point is not strong. However, unlike the indoor line, for the low-voltage distribution substation, the line in front of the distribution transformer to each user electric meter has the characteristics of long line and complex and variable structure, so that from the viewpoint of power supply reliability and safety, when the parallel arc fault occurs, the management of the line needs to realize the fault detection and the automatic positioning of the fault point, so that the fault point can be searched and repaired in time, and the fault hidden trouble is eliminated fundamentally.
At present, few researches are made on a method for locating a parallel arc fault point. In the case of the system before the meter, if the load current of the line is small, when the parallel arc fault occurs, the fault current of the line upstream of the fault point (near the power supply side) is significantly increased, so that the fault point is known to be below the upstream monitoring point. However, the normal load current of the trunk line of the system before the meter is usually large (for example, the rated current of the transformer trunk line of 200kVA reaches 300A), so when a parallel arc fault occurs, the fault current is influenced by the randomness of the transition resistance of the parallel arc fault point, when the transition resistance is large, the fault current may be similar to or slightly changed from the rated current, and when the transition resistance is large, the fault current may even be smaller than the rated current, so that the overcurrent detection method has the defect that the action threshold value is difficult to set, and in addition, the load current fluctuation may also cause misjudgment on the method, and the fault location is not referred to.
When the parallel arc occurs, the current of the downstream line has the characteristic of suddenly reducing, so that by arranging a monitoring point on the downstream line, when the current of the downstream line is suddenly and greatly reduced, the upstream line with the fault point at the monitoring point can be judged. However, this method is implemented on the premise that the feature can be clearly reflected when the load current of the downstream line is large, and in practice, the load of the downstream line is small or no load exists, and at this time, even if a parallel arc fault occurs, the downstream monitoring point is not obvious, so this method also has the problem that the threshold is difficult to set, and this method also has the problem of misjudgment caused by load current fluctuation.
In order to realize the monitoring of the parallel arc fault by using the current sudden change characteristic, monitoring equipment must be installed on the upstream and the downstream of the line. When the upstream load current is large, the downstream branch line also has large load current, so that the downstream monitoring point can theoretically monitor the current sudden reduction characteristic when a fault occurs, but the premise is that monitoring equipment is required to be installed in each branch of the downstream line.
In summary, the method for realizing the parallel arc fault location by using the current abrupt change feature has the problems that the threshold is difficult to set, the misjudgment is easily caused by the load fluctuation, and the cost is high because all branch lines need to be provided with equipment.
At present, a method for realizing parallel arc fault detection by utilizing the influence of arc voltage of a fault point when parallel arc occurs on the voltage of a downstream line is proposed in the prior patent, but the prior patent can only detect the existence of the parallel arc fault and cannot solve the problem of positioning the parallel arc fault point.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a parallel arc fault positioning method and system of a low-voltage distribution network, aiming at the problem of positioning parallel arc fault points of a network in front of a low-voltage distribution line meter in the prior art.
A parallel arc fault location method for a low voltage distribution network includes the following steps: the monitoring node performs low-pass filtering on the voltage acquisition signal of each cycle; the magnitude of each phase voltage of the line is monitored by taking the cycle as a unit, and the monitoring of the line voltage is synchronously completed according to the phase voltages; when a certain cycle detects that the size change of a certain phase voltage exceeds a set threshold value alpha, determining that fault information is monitored, namely determining that the cycle is a fault cycle; and sending effective value data of the phase voltage of the fault cycle to gateway equipment, grouping the effective value data of the phase voltage of the fault cycle by the gateway equipment, finding the most upstream monitoring node in the group with the minimum average value according to the line topology structure of the transformer area low-voltage network, and judging that the fault point is close to an upstream line of the most upstream monitoring node.
Further, the monitoring node transmits effective value data of the phase voltage of the barrier cycle wave to the gateway device in a wireless mode.
Further, the step of grouping the effective value data of the phase voltage of the fault cycle by the gateway equipment is as follows:
(1) the gateway equipment sorts the received data according to the size sequence;
(2) calculating the absolute value of the difference between two adjacent data from the first number;
(3) if the absolute values of two adjacent data are smaller than a first set threshold epsilon, the two numbers are considered to belong to the same group; if the absolute values of two adjacent data are greater than a second set threshold value delta, the two data are considered to belong to different groups, wherein the first set threshold value epsilon is less than the second set threshold value delta;
(4) and finishing grouping.
Further, the first set threshold value epsilon is 2V, and the second set threshold value delta is 5V.
A parallel arc fault positioning system of a low-voltage distribution network comprises monitoring nodes for monitoring voltage and gateway equipment, wherein the monitoring nodes are arranged on each group of branch lines, and the gateway equipment is in communication connection with the monitoring nodes;
the monitoring node is used for performing low-pass filtering on the voltage acquisition signal of each cycle, monitoring the voltage of each phase of the line by taking the cycle as a unit, synchronously finishing monitoring the line voltage according to the phase voltage, judging that fault information is monitored when a certain cycle detects that the change of the voltage of a certain phase exceeds a set threshold value alpha, namely judging that the cycle is a fault cycle, and sending effective value data of the phase voltage of the fault cycle to the gateway equipment;
the gateway device is used for grouping the effective value data of the phase voltage of the received fault cycle, finding the most upstream monitoring node in the group with the minimum average value according to the line topology structure of the transformer area low-voltage network, and judging that the fault point is close to the upstream line of the most upstream monitoring node.
Further, the monitoring node is in wireless communication connection with the gateway device.
Further, the step of grouping the effective value data of the phase voltage of the fault cycle by the gateway equipment is as follows:
(1) the gateway equipment sorts the received data according to the size sequence;
(2) calculating the absolute value of the difference between two adjacent data from the first number;
(3) if the absolute values of two adjacent data are smaller than a first set threshold epsilon, the two numbers are considered to belong to the same group; if the absolute values of two adjacent data are greater than a second set threshold value delta, the two data are considered to belong to different groups, wherein the first set threshold value epsilon is less than the second set threshold value delta;
(4) and finishing grouping.
Further, the first set threshold value epsilon is 2V, and the second set threshold value delta is 5V.
The invention utilizes the sudden change characteristics of the voltage caused by the occurrence of the parallel arc fault as the selection basis of the same fault cycle of the distributed monitoring points, ensures that the voltage transmitted by each monitoring point is the same cycle data, avoids the synchronization requirement of each distributed monitoring point and reduces the system cost; in addition, based on fault information sent by each relevant monitoring point, the gateway equipment is utilized to realize the rapid positioning of the fault point, compared with an offline positioning method after the fault is detected, the method has higher efficiency, and the method has unique advantages in terms of power supply reliability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention in which a plurality of monitoring devices capable of monitoring line voltage are installed in a low voltage distribution network;
FIG. 2 is a waveform illustrating the transition from fault point voltage to arc voltage after a parallel arc fault occurs;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a data classification algorithm.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention can realize sensing of parallel arc fault voltage when a fault occurs by installing a plurality of monitoring devices capable of monitoring line voltage in a low voltage distribution network. In the figure, P, P1, P2, Q1, Q2, Q3, X1, X2 and U, V, W, M, N are all monitoring nodes, and Gate is gateway equipment.
Take the parallel arc fault between L-N as an example. If a parallel arc fault occurs at the point F in the line below the point P1, the voltage between L and N is a phase voltage in the form of a sine wave before the parallel arc fault occurs; after the parallel arc fault occurs, the fault point voltage is converted into an arc voltage having a waveform characteristic similar to a square wave, as shown in fig. 2.
When the fault point generates a parallel arc fault, a square wave voltage source is connected between the original L-N lines in parallel. In low-voltage distribution networks, the voltage amplitude of the square wave is the arcing voltage drop Uarc during arc combustion, which is mainly composed of the voltage drops near the anode and near the cathode of the two electrodes, which is approximately twenty-few volts for copper and carbon rods (20V for example, the effective value is also 20V). Since the transition resistance of the fault point is small after the parallel arc occurs (but since an arc fault is certainly present and larger than the transition resistance at short circuit), the current of the line downstream of the fault point suddenly becomes small, and thus the fault voltage Uarc sensed by each monitoring point downstream is substantially equal. As illustrated in fig. 1, if the arc voltage Uarc at the fault point F has an effective value of 20V, the fault voltage sensed by Q1, Q2, Q3 is substantially equal to 20V, and the monitored voltage waveform is equivalent to the square wave voltage waveform at the fault point; for the next stage U, V, W, since the downstream current is small and therefore the line voltage drop is small, the fault voltage waveform and magnitude experienced by U, V, W is nearly equal to Q1, Q2, Q3 (assuming 19V is equal).
For the P1 upstream of the fault point, the voltage characteristic is determined by the downstream fault voltage Uarc and the upstream power supply voltage Us, so the voltage waveform is a distorted sinusoidal waveform, the distortion degree of the waveform depends on the line impedance R2 of the P1 node from the fault point F and the impedance R1 of the P1 from the Us, the larger R2 is, the smaller R1 is, the closer the waveform is to the sinusoidal waveform of the power supply voltage, and the effective value is also larger; the smaller the R2, the larger the R1, and the closer the waveform thereof to the square wave voltage at the fault point, the smaller the effective value thereof. For the sake of analysis, assuming that R2 is significantly larger than R1, the voltage Uarc-P1 at the P1 node is significantly larger than the original 20V voltage at the fault point, assuming 80V, and its waveform is also a distorted sine wave.
For the other branch where the nodes P2, X1, X2 and M, N are located, the other branch is also affected by the transient fault voltage during the fault, but for the nodes, the source fault voltage source is no longer Uarc, but the fault voltage Uarc-P1 sensed by the point P1 closest to the most upstream node P2 (the impedance between the two nodes P1 and P2 coming out of the same cable branch box can be ignored, and therefore the voltage characteristics are the same); the X1, X2, M, N nodes have little influence on the points due to the small line current during the fault, the fault voltage characteristics sensed by the X1, X2, M, N nodes are nearly the same as the P2, and if the P1 node voltage is 80V and is a distorted sine wave, the fault voltage sensed by the X1, X2, M, N nodes can be considered to be 79V and a distorted sine wave.
According to the analysis, when the parallel arc fault occurs, the sensing degree of each node to the fault voltage can be utilized to position the line section where the fault point is located. When the invention is applied specifically, a monitoring node for monitoring voltage is installed on each group of branch lines, and the monitoring node and the gateway equipment respectively work according to the following logics:
the working logic of the monitoring node is as follows:
(1) the voltage acquisition signal of each cycle is low-pass filtered (e.g., FIR low-pass filtered) to remove high-frequency interference signals.
(2) And (3) monitoring the magnitude of each phase voltage (A-N, B-N, C-N) of the line by taking the cycle as a unit, and synchronously monitoring the line voltage according to the phase voltages.
(3) When the change delta U of the voltage of a certain phase (line voltage) exceeds the set threshold alpha at a certain cycle, the fault information is judged to be monitored, namely the cycle is judged to be a fault cycle.
(4) And sending effective value data of the phase voltage (line voltage) of the fault cycle to the gateway device in a wireless mode (such as a wifi mode).
The decision logic of the gateway device is as follows:
(1) and generating a line topology structure of the low-voltage network of the transformer area in advance.
(2) And receiving effective value data of the phase voltage of the fault cycle transmitted by the monitoring node sensing the fault information.
(3) The valid data for the phase voltages of the fault cycle are grouped (the algorithm for grouping the data is described separately below), such as to arrive at a group A, B, C. The group A data is about 20V, the group B data is about 80V, and the group C data is about 160V.
(4) The most upstream monitoring node in the grouping with the minimum average value is found, the group A data has the average value of 20V and is the minimum, the data of the most upstream monitoring node is composed of one or more of Q1, Q2, Q3 and U, V, W, and the most upstream monitoring node is one or more of Q1, Q2 and Q3.
(5) And judging that the fault point is on the line immediately upstream of the monitoring points of Q1, Q2 and Q3.
The algorithm steps of the gateway device for grouping the data are as follows:
(1) and the gateway sorts the received data according to the size sequence. (e.g., 9 data received, sorted 19V, 20V, 20V, 79V, 80V, 80V, 160V, 161V, 162V)
(2) Starting from the first number, the absolute value of the difference between two adjacent data is calculated. (1V, 0V, 59V, 1V, 0V, 80V, 1V, 1V were obtained from the above data)
(3) If the absolute values of two adjacent data are smaller than a set threshold epsilon (such as 2V), the two numbers are considered to belong to the same group; if the absolute value of two adjacent data is larger than a set threshold value delta (such as 5V), the two numbers are considered to belong to different groups (delta 1 and delta 2 in FIG. 3 are 59V and 80V respectively).
(4) And finishing grouping. (the data are divided into 3 groups)
The invention has the following advantages:
1. at present, a parallel arc fault point positioning method aiming at a network before a meter is not available, and the method belongs to the initiative;
2. compared with the method utilizing the sudden change characteristics of the upstream current and the downstream current of the fault point when the parallel arc occurs, the method has the advantages of easy threshold setting, low cost and high reliability;
3. the sudden change characteristics of the voltage caused by the occurrence of the parallel arc fault are used as the selection basis of the same fault cycle of the distributed monitoring points, so that the voltage transmitted by each monitoring point is ensured to be the same cycle data, the synchronization requirement of each distributed monitoring point is avoided, the system cost is reduced, and the method is easy to implement and popularize;
4. only the distributed monitoring points which feel the fault information send the fault information to the gateway, and other monitoring points do not need to send the fault information, so that the requirement on communication is low, and the position of a fault section can be judged by only using a small amount of data;
5. compared with a detection method based on fault current mutation, the method is not influenced by the load current of the line and the size of the transition resistance of a fault point, and detection is realized only by utilizing the voltage characteristic, so that the method has the advantage of strong universality;
6. the invention belongs to an online measurement method, can realize the rapid positioning of fault points by utilizing gateway equipment based on fault information sent by each relevant monitoring point at the first time of the occurrence of a fault, has higher efficiency compared with an offline positioning method after the fault is detected, and has unique advantages from the aspect of power supply reliability.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A parallel arc fault positioning method of a low-voltage distribution network is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: the monitoring node performs low-pass filtering on the voltage acquisition signal of each cycle; the magnitude of each phase voltage of the line is monitored by taking the cycle as a unit, and the monitoring of the line voltage is synchronously completed according to the phase voltages; the magnitude change of a certain phase voltage is detected to exceed a set threshold value at a certain cycle
When the fault information is monitored, the cycle is judged to be the fault cycle; sending effective value data of the phase voltage of the fault cycle to gateway equipment, grouping the effective value data of the phase voltage of the fault cycle by the gateway equipment, finding the most upstream monitoring node in the group with the minimum average value according to the line topology structure of the transformer area low-voltage network, and judging that the fault point is close to an upstream line of the most upstream monitoring node;
the method for grouping the effective value data of the phase voltage of the fault cycle by the gateway equipment comprises the following steps:
(1) the gateway equipment sorts the received data according to the size sequence;
(2) calculating the absolute value of the difference between two adjacent data from the first number;
(3) if the absolute value of two adjacent data is less than the first set threshold
Then the two numbers are considered to belong to the same group; if the absolute value of two adjacent data is greater than the second set threshold
Then the two numbers are considered not to belong to the same group, wherein the first set threshold value
Less than a second set threshold
；
(4) And finishing grouping.
2. The method for parallel arc fault location of a low voltage power distribution network of claim 1, wherein: the monitoring node wirelessly transmits effective value data of the phase voltage of the barrier cycle wave to the gateway device.
3. The method for parallel arc fault location of a low voltage power distribution network of claim 1, wherein: the first set threshold value
Is 2V, the second set threshold value
Is 5V.
4. A parallel arc fault location system for a low voltage distribution network, comprising: the system comprises monitoring nodes for monitoring voltage and gateway equipment, wherein the monitoring nodes are arranged on each group of branch lines, and the gateway equipment is in communication connection with the monitoring nodes;
the monitoring node is used for low-pass filtering the voltage acquisition signal of each cycle, monitoring the voltage of each phase of the line by taking the cycle as a unit, and synchronously monitoring the line voltage according to the phase voltageThe magnitude change of a certain phase voltage detected by a certain cycle exceeds a set threshold value
When the fault information is monitored, namely the cycle is judged to be a fault cycle, and effective value data of the phase voltage of the fault cycle is sent to the gateway equipment;
the gateway equipment is used for grouping the effective value data of the phase voltage of the received fault cycle, finding the most upstream monitoring node in the group with the minimum average value according to the line topology structure of the transformer area low-voltage network, and judging that the fault point is close to the upstream line of the most upstream monitoring node;
the method for grouping the effective value data of the phase voltage of the fault cycle by the gateway equipment comprises the following steps:
(1) the gateway equipment sorts the received data according to the size sequence;
(2) calculating the absolute value of the difference between two adjacent data from the first number;
(3) if the absolute value of two adjacent data is less than the first set threshold
Then the two numbers are considered to belong to the same group; if the absolute value of two adjacent data is greater than the second set threshold
Then the two numbers are considered not to belong to the same group, wherein the first set threshold value
Less than a second set threshold
；
(4) And finishing grouping.
5. The parallel arc fault location system for a low voltage power distribution network of claim 4, wherein: the monitoring node is in wireless communication connection with the gateway device.
6. The parallel arc fault location system for a low voltage power distribution network of claim 4, wherein: the first set threshold value
Is 2V, the second set threshold value
Is 5V.
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