CN112962799A - Waterproof and breathable material for building and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Waterproof and breathable material for building and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112962799A CN112962799A CN202110187014.9A CN202110187014A CN112962799A CN 112962799 A CN112962799 A CN 112962799A CN 202110187014 A CN202110187014 A CN 202110187014A CN 112962799 A CN112962799 A CN 112962799A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/66—Sealings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/022—Non-woven fabric
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/724—Permeability to gases, adsorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/726—Permeability to liquids, absorption
- B32B2307/7265—Non-permeable
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2103/00—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like
- E04B2103/04—Material constitution of slabs, sheets or the like of plastics, fibrous material or wood
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a waterproof and breathable material for buildings, which is formed by compounding a polyolefin microporous membrane and a non-woven fabric layer, wherein the polyolefin microporous membrane has a nano-scale microporous structure. The application also provides a preparation method of the waterproof and breathable material for the building. The waterproof breathable material prepared by the method has a uniform pore diameter structure, has air and moisture permeability, excellent waterproofness and excellent mechanical properties, and is convenient to construct; the waterproof breathable air-permeable layer can be used for waterproof breathable air-permeable cushion layers on two sides of heat-insulating materials in building enclosure systems or waterproof breathable layers on the outer sides of wooden house structures.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of buildings, in particular to a waterproof and breathable material for buildings and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Most of heat insulation materials in building enclosure systems such as domestic curtain walls, steel structures and the like are rock wool, glass wool and the like, and in order to solve the waterproof and breathable problems, the traditional technology is to paste aluminum foils or waterproof coiled materials and the like on two sides of the heat insulation materials such as rock wool and the like. Due to the characteristic of tightness, the waterproof materials can not discharge water vapor in the building enclosure, and are easy to condense between heat insulation layers, so that bacteria and the like grow in the heat insulation materials, the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat insulation materials is greatly increased, the heat insulation effect is seriously influenced, and the building energy consumption is increased. In recent years, the government of China pays more and more attention to energy conservation of buildings, and waterproof and breathable material schemes are gradually popularized in China.
Based on the structural characteristics that the waterproof and breathable material has micropores, the waterproof and breathable material is adopted to replace the traditional waterproof material and is laid on the heat-insulating layer, so that the heat-insulating layer is effectively protected from being invaded by rainwater and the like, meanwhile, the micropores in the film allow water vapor in the heat-insulating layer to pass through, so that the water vapor can be discharged in time, and the problem that the heat-insulating material in a building enclosure system is waterproof and breathable is solved.
At present, the waterproof and breathable materials are generally divided into two types, one is a waterproof and breathable material which is from DuPont and is named as Tyvek, and is mainly formed by bonding countless fine high-density polyethylene fibers; the other is a composite material formed by compounding a polyethylene breathable film and non-woven fabric, wherein the preparation process of the polyethylene breathable film used as the porous breathable core layer mainly comprises the step of mixing a certain grade of calcium carbonate (CaCO) into low-density polyethylene resin3) And then the resin base material is stretched to form pores around the calcium carbonate when the film is stretched and oriented, thereby providing the film with breathability. The porous polyethylene membrane prepared by the method has poor controllability of pore diameter, large pores (from hundreds of nanometers to micron level), and limited waterproof performance; and because the adopted raw material is low-density polyethylene, the obtained breathable film has poor mechanical property, so that the utilization rate of the composite film is low, and the construction efficiency is low. Therefore, the waterproof breathable material with excellent air permeability and good mechanical property has great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a waterproof and breathable material for buildings, which has waterproof and breathable properties and good mechanical properties.
In view of the above, the present application provides a waterproof and breathable material for buildings, which is formed by compounding a polyolefin microporous membrane and a nonwoven fabric layer, wherein the polyolefin microporous membrane has a nano-scale microporous structure.
Preferably, the pore diameter of the nano-scale microporous structure is 20-70 nm.
Preferably, the compounding mode is AB type or ABA type, the A is a non-woven fabric layer, and the B is a polyolefin microporous membrane.
The application also provides a preparation method of the waterproof and breathable material for the building, which comprises the following steps:
mixing polyolefin and a pore-forming agent, preheating, extruding, casting and cooling to obtain a cast sheet;
carrying out biaxial stretching on the casting sheet, stretching the obtained casting oil film, then carrying out heat setting, and cooling to obtain an oil-containing film;
carrying out ultrasonic extraction on the oil-containing film, and drying to obtain a polyolefin microporous film;
and compounding the polyolefin microporous membrane with a non-woven fabric layer to obtain the waterproof breathable material for the building, wherein the polyolefin microporous membrane has a nano-scale microporous structure.
Preferably, the polyolefin is 20 to 40 wt% of the sum of the polyolefin and the pore former.
Preferably, the pore-forming agent is selected from one or more of paraffin oil and vegetable oil, the extractant for ultrasonic extraction is selected from n-hexane, dichloromethane, trichloroethane or ethanol, the number average molecular weight of the polypropylene is 60-150 ten thousand, and the non-woven fabric is polyethylene non-woven fabric or polypropylene non-woven fabric.
Preferably, the preheating temperature is 50-150 ℃, and the extrusion temperature is 150-250 ℃.
Preferably, the working temperature of the casting roller for casting is 10-100 ℃.
Preferably, the biaxial stretching is synchronous biaxial stretching or asynchronous biaxial stretching, and the total stretching ratio is 10-100.
The application provides a waterproof breathable material for buildings, which is formed by compounding a polyolefin microporous membrane and a non-woven fabric layer, wherein the polyolefin microporous membrane has a nano-scale microporous structure. The polyolefin microporous membrane in the waterproof breathable material provided by the invention contains a nanoscale microporous structure, has good aperture uniformity, can provide large hydrostatic pressure resistance under the condition of not influencing the breathability, and has high impermeability; the waterproof breathable material provided by the invention has excellent mechanical property, high construction efficiency and high material utilization rate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the overall structure of the waterproof breathable material and the appearance of a polyolefin microporous membrane in the waterproof breathable material.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.
In view of the technical problems of limited waterproof performance and poor mechanical property of the waterproof breathable material in the prior art, the polyolefin microporous membrane with the nano-microporous structure is adopted, so that the waterproof breathable material for the building can be breathable and moisture permeable and has excellent waterproof performance.
The polyolefin microporous membrane is used as a breathable core layer, and the pore diameter of the nano-scale microporous structure of the polyolefin microporous membrane is 20-70 nm.
In the application, the polyolefin microporous membrane and the nonwoven fabric layer are compounded in an AB type or ABA type, wherein A is the nonwoven fabric layer, and B is the polyolefin microporous membrane. The non-woven fabric is specifically polyethylene non-woven fabric or polypropylene non-woven fabric.
The application also provides a preparation method of the waterproof and breathable material for the building, which comprises the following steps:
mixing polyolefin and a pore-forming agent, preheating, extruding, casting and cooling to obtain a cast sheet;
carrying out biaxial stretching on the casting sheet, stretching the obtained casting oil film, then carrying out heat setting, and cooling to obtain an oil-containing film;
carrying out ultrasonic extraction on the oil-containing film, and drying to obtain a polyolefin microporous film;
and compounding the polyolefin microporous membrane with a non-woven fabric layer to obtain the waterproof breathable material for the building, wherein the polyolefin microporous membrane has a nano-scale microporous structure.
In the process of preparing the waterproof and breathable material for the building, firstly, polyolefin and a pore-forming agent are mixed, preheated and then extruded, and cast and cooled to obtain a cast sheet; in the process, the polyolefin is specifically selected from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or ultra-high molecular weight polypropylene, and the number average molecular weight of the polyolefin is 60-150 ten thousand. The pore-forming agent is selected from one or more of paraffin oil and vegetable oil, and the polyolefin accounts for 20-40% of the total amount of the polyolefin and the pore-forming agent. The preheating temperature is 50-150 ℃, and more specifically, the preheating temperature is 90-110 ℃. Then mixing and extruding the preheated polyolefin by an extruder, wherein the working temperature of the extruder and a die head is 150-250 ℃, and finally cooling by a casting roll, wherein the working temperature of the casting roll is 10-100 ℃, so as to prepare a polyolefin casting sheet; more specifically, the working temperature of the extruder and the die head is 180-240 ℃, and the working temperature of the casting roller is 10-90 ℃.
According to the invention, the cast sheet is subjected to biaxial stretching, heat setting is carried out after stretching, and an oil-containing film is obtained after cooling; more specifically: fixing the casting sheet on a biaxial tension device and heating to the melting point T of the casting sheetmAnd (3) carrying out biaxial stretching at the temperature of 10-30 ℃ below, and stretching the polyolefin casting oil film to a certain longitudinal stretch ratio and a certain transverse stretch ratio to obtain the oil-containing film. The biaxial stretching is synchronous biaxial stretching or asynchronous biaxial stretching, and the total stretching ratio is 10-100; more specifically, the biaxial stretching is longitudinal stretching and transverse stretching; the longitudinal draw ratio and the transverse draw ratio are respectively 5-10, the respective drawing rates are respectively 5-15 mm/s, the drawing temperature is 50-150 ℃, and more specifically, the drawing temperature is 80-120 ℃; more specifically, the longitudinal draw ratio and the transverse draw ratio are respectively 6-8, and the respective drawing speed is 8-12 mm/s. The stretching temperature is too low, which is not beneficial to the expansion of the aperture and the low porosity; too high stretching temperature can cause the melting of internal crystal structure, cause the collapse of pores, cause the non-pore of the membrane and reduce the air permeability; the large stretching speed and stretching ratio are beneficial to improving the mechanical strength of the film.
The method comprises the following steps of carrying out ultrasonic extraction on the oil-containing film, and drying to obtain the polyolefin microporous film; the process comprises the following steps: and fixing the oil-containing membrane on an extraction device, putting the oil-containing membrane into an extracting agent for ultrasonic extraction, and then putting the oil-containing membrane into a drying oven below 50 ℃ for drying until the weight is constant to obtain the polyolefin microporous membrane. In the above process, the extractant for ultrasonic extraction is selected from n-hexane, dichloromethane, trichloroethane or ethanol. The pore-forming mechanism of the polyolefin microporous membrane is thermally induced phase separation, specifically, the polyolefin and the pore-forming agent are subjected to phase separation to form a two-phase system, then the two-phase system is subjected to biaxial tension, the phase domain is further expanded, and finally the pore-forming agent is extracted and removed, so that nano-scale micropores are formed at the position of the original pore-forming agent.
After the polyolefin microporous membrane is obtained, the polyolefin microporous membrane is compounded with a non-woven fabric layer to obtain the waterproof breathable material for the building.
The application provides a waterproof ventilative material can be arranged in building envelope system waterproof ventilative bed layer in insulation material both sides, also can regard as the waterproof ventilative layer in log cabin structure outside.
The novel waterproof and breathable material for buildings provided by the invention not only has outstanding breathability, but also has excellent waterproofness due to a nanoscale and uniform microporous structure, and is excellent in mechanical property, high in construction efficiency and high in material utilization rate.
For further understanding of the present invention, the waterproof and breathable building material and the preparation method thereof according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Example 1
(1) Uniformly mixing an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene raw material (with the molecular weight of 60 ten thousand) and paraffin oil, wherein the mass of polyethylene accounts for 30%, preheating the polyethylene mixture in a preheating kettle at the temperature of 100 ℃, mixing and extruding the mixture by a double-screw extruder at the temperature of 220 ℃, and cooling the mixture by a casting roll at the temperature of 20 ℃ to obtain a polyolefin casting sheet;
(2) stretching the obtained polyolefin cast sheet at 100 ℃ by using a biaxial stretching device, wherein the stretching ratio in the longitudinal stretching direction is 6.5, the stretching speed is 10mm/s, the stretching ratio in the transverse stretching direction is 6.5, and the stretching speed is 10mm/s to prepare a biaxial stretching oil film;
(3) fixing the biaxially oriented oil film obtained in the step (2) on a self-made extraction device, then placing the biaxially oriented oil film into an extraction agent n-hexane for ultrasonic extraction, wherein the extraction time is 30 min/time, the extraction frequency is 3 times, and then placing the biaxially oriented oil film after extraction into a drying oven with the temperature of 40 ℃ for drying until the weight is constant, so as to obtain a porous breathable core layer;
(4) the upper side and the lower side of the porous breathable core layer (layer A) are compounded with polyethylene non-woven fabric layers (layer B) to form an A/B/A type waterproof breathable film; the schematic structure and the microstructure photograph are shown in FIG. 1.
The indexes of the waterproof and breathable material prepared by the embodiment, such as water vapor permeability, waterproof performance (impermeability), longitudinal tensile strength, transverse tensile strength and the like, are tested according to the national standard: the water vapor transmission capacity is determined by GB/T17146 test method for the water vapor transmission performance of the building material; water impermeability test method 10 part for waterproof roll for buildings GB/T328.10-2007: asphalt and waterproof polymer coiled material impermeability method B "; longitudinal tensile strength and transverse tensile strength are according to GB/T328.9-2007 test method of waterproof coiled materials for buildings, part 9: measuring the tensile property of the high-molecular waterproof coiled material; the tearing performance of the nail rod is determined according to GB/T328.18 test method 18 of waterproof building coils: measuring tearing performance (nail-stem method) of the asphalt waterproof coiled material; low temperature bending property is according to GB/T328.15-2007 test method of waterproof rolls for buildings, part 15 of the high polymer waterproof rolls low temperature bending property. The results are shown in Table 1.
Example 2
(1) Uniformly mixing an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene raw material (with the molecular weight of 60 ten thousand) and paraffin oil, wherein the mass of polyethylene accounts for 30%, preheating the polyethylene mixture in a preheating kettle at the temperature of 100 ℃, mixing and extruding the mixture by a double-screw extruder at the temperature of 220 ℃, and cooling the mixture by a casting roll at the temperature of 20 ℃ to obtain a polyolefin casting sheet;
(2) stretching the obtained polyolefin cast sheet at 100 ℃ by using a biaxial stretching device, wherein the stretching ratio in the longitudinal stretching direction is 7, the stretching speed is 10mm/s, the stretching ratio in the transverse stretching direction is 7, and the stretching speed is 10mm/s, so as to prepare a biaxial stretching oil film;
(3) fixing the biaxially oriented oil film obtained in the step (2) on a self-made extraction device, then placing the biaxially oriented oil film into an extraction agent n-hexane for ultrasonic extraction, wherein the extraction time is 30 min/time, the extraction frequency is 3 times, and then placing the biaxially oriented oil film after extraction into a drying oven with the temperature of 40 ℃ for drying until the weight is constant, so as to obtain a porous breathable core layer;
(4) one side of the porous breathable core layer (layer B) is compounded with a polyethylene non-woven fabric layer (layer A) to form the A/B type waterproof breathable film.
Table 1 table of performance data for water repellent breathable films prepared in examples 1 and 2
As can be seen from Table 1, the waterproof moisture-permeable material for buildings has excellent waterproof performance, can still not permeate water after being kept for 24 hours under the pressure of 0.2MPa, and is far higher than the requirements of three-layer composite materials and standards in commerce.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (9)
1. The waterproof and breathable material for the building is formed by compounding a polyolefin microporous membrane and a non-woven fabric layer, wherein the polyolefin microporous membrane has a nano-scale microporous structure.
2. The waterproof and breathable building material according to claim 1, wherein the pore size of the nano-scale microporous structure is 20 to 70 nm.
3. The waterproof and breathable building material according to claim 1, wherein the composite mode is AB type or ABA type, A is a nonwoven fabric layer, and B is a polyolefin microporous film.
4. The method for preparing the waterproof and breathable material for buildings according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
mixing polyolefin and a pore-forming agent, preheating, extruding, casting and cooling to obtain a cast sheet;
carrying out biaxial stretching on the casting sheet, stretching the obtained casting oil film, then carrying out heat setting, and cooling to obtain an oil-containing film;
carrying out ultrasonic extraction on the oil-containing film, and drying to obtain a polyolefin microporous film;
and compounding the polyolefin microporous membrane with a non-woven fabric layer to obtain the waterproof breathable material for the building, wherein the polyolefin microporous membrane has a nano-scale microporous structure.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the polyolefin is 20 to 40 wt% of the sum of the polyolefin and the pore former.
6. The preparation method according to claim 4, wherein the pore-forming agent is one or more selected from paraffin oil and vegetable oil, the extractant for ultrasonic extraction is selected from n-hexane, dichloromethane, trichloroethane or ethanol, the polypropylene has a number average molecular weight of 60-150 ten thousand, and the non-woven fabric is a polyethylene non-woven fabric or a polypropylene non-woven fabric.
7. The method of claim 4, wherein the temperature of the preheating is 50 to 150 ℃ and the temperature of the extrusion is 150 to 250 ℃.
8. A production method according to claim 4, wherein a working temperature of said casting roll is 10 to 100 ℃.
9. The method according to claim 4, wherein the biaxial stretching is synchronous biaxial stretching or asynchronous biaxial stretching, and the total stretching ratio is 10 to 100.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116903907A (en) * | 2023-08-17 | 2023-10-20 | 深圳市三实新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method and application of waterproof breathable film |
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| CN116903907B (en) * | 2023-08-17 | 2024-03-22 | 深圳市三实新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method and application of waterproof breathable film |
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