CN112959081B - Production method and production equipment for automobile gearbox gear - Google Patents

Production method and production equipment for automobile gearbox gear Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112959081B
CN112959081B CN202110338818.4A CN202110338818A CN112959081B CN 112959081 B CN112959081 B CN 112959081B CN 202110338818 A CN202110338818 A CN 202110338818A CN 112959081 B CN112959081 B CN 112959081B
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Prior art keywords
gear
lifting
frame
groove
locking
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CN112959081A (en
Inventor
不公告发明人
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Zhejiang United Gear Co ltd
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Zhejiang United Gear Co ltd
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Priority to CN202110338818.4A priority Critical patent/CN112959081B/en
Publication of CN112959081A publication Critical patent/CN112959081A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/02—Loading, unloading or chucking arrangements for workpieces
    • B23F23/06—Chucking arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F5/00—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made
    • B23F5/20—Making straight gear teeth involving moving a tool relatively to a workpiece with a rolling-off or an enveloping motion with respect to the gear teeth to be made by milling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
    • B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
    • B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a production method and production equipment of an automobile gearbox gear, which improve the existing production method and comprise the steps of forging, annealing, turning, hobbing, gear shaving, carburizing, modulating, finish machining and the like, improve the precision, the quality and the service life of the gearbox gear, improve the existing gear hobbing machine, design a reasonable hobbing cutter lifting structure, set a stabilizing component to maintain the stability of the lifting process of the hobbing cutter, and add a slide lock component to improve the stability of the gear hobbing machine in a standing state, so that the safety performance is ensured.

Description

Production method and production equipment for automobile gearbox gear
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of automobile accessory production, in particular to a production method and production equipment for an automobile gearbox gear.
Background
The gearbox is one of the main components of an automobile transmission system, a gearbox gear is an important part in the gearbox, the gearbox gear is made of forged steel, the gearbox gear usually works under the conditions of high rotating speed, high load and continuous alternation of rotating speed and load, the speed change gear bears external load by depending on the structural size and material strength of the speed change gear, and the material is required to have higher strength, toughness and wear resistance; in the production process of a gearbox gear, a gear hobbing machine is required to be used for hobbing a gear blank, and the working principle of the hobbing treatment is as follows: the cutter for cutting the gear blank in the gear hobbing process is a hob, the outer appearance of the hob is like a worm due to the large helix angle of the hob, the hob is grooved in the direction vertical to the spiral groove to form a plurality of cutting edges, and the normal section of the hob has a rack shape. Therefore, when the hob rotates continuously, the hob teeth can be regarded as the movement of an infinite rack, meanwhile, the hob teeth cut from top to bottom, the meshing relationship between the rack (hob) and the gear blank is maintained, and the hob can machine an involute tooth profile on the gear blank. The hobbing cutter needs to be continuously adjusted in height when hobbing is handled, and the hobbing cutter height adjusting device of the hobbing machine on the market is poor in stability at present, and the hobbing cutter can shake and deviate in the adjusting process, so that the gear is scrapped.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a production method and production equipment for an automobile gearbox gear, which have the advantages of high product quality, long service life, high machining precision and stable hobbing process.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a method for producing a gear of an automobile gearbox is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 forging: heating the steel to 1100-1140 ℃, and then carrying out hot forging on the steel to obtain a gear blank;
s2 annealing: cooling the forged gear blank to room temperature, performing spheroidizing annealing on the gear blank, setting the annealing temperature to 730-750 ℃, and cooling to room temperature after heat preservation for 2-3 h;
s3 turning: turning the annealed gear blank, and reserving machining allowance of 0.8-1.2mm in the overall dimension of the gear blank;
s4 hobbing: performing hobbing treatment on the turned gear blank to obtain a coarse gear with a primary profile; s5 gear shaving: shaving the coarse gear, wherein the surface roughness Ra of the processed coarse gear is 0.5-0.7 mu m;
s6 carburizing: carburizing the gear-shaved rough gear;
s7 modulation: quenching the carburized coarse gear, setting the quenching temperature to be 850-;
s8 finish machining: and (4) fine grinding the modulated coarse gear by a grinding machine to obtain a fine gear.
By adopting the technical scheme, a hydraulic press is used for forging steel in the forging process to obtain a gear blank, the gear blank is cooled to room temperature and then is put into a furnace for spheroidizing annealing, the cutting performance of the gear blank can be greatly improved, a numerical control lathe is used for turning the gear blank in the turning process, a machining allowance of 0.8-1.2mm is reserved in the turning process for subsequent machining adjustment, the gear profile is preliminarily obtained after hobbing treatment, then shaving treatment is carried out on the gear to ensure the roughness of the gear surface, the roughness Ra is controlled to be 0.5-0.7 mu m, a gas carburizing method is used for carrying out carburizing treatment on a coarse gear, volatile kerosene is used as a carburizing agent, the carburizing effect is effectively improved, the thickness of a carburized layer is increased, the gear surface is harder and more wear-resistant, and the gear core still keeps good toughness, after the carburizing, modulation heat treatment is adopted, quenching treatment is firstly carried out, then high-temperature tempering is carried out, the carburizing effect is more consolidated, the chemical property of the gear is improved, and after modulation, a numerical control grinding machine is adopted to carry out grinding processing on the coarse gear, and finally the transmission gear with high quality, high precision and long service life is obtained.
The invention also discloses a production device suitable for the production method, which comprises a gear hobbing machine and is characterized in that: the gear hobbing machine comprises a base, a workbench, a rotary table, a clamping rod and a hobbing cutter, wherein the workbench is fixed on the upper surface of the base, the rotary table is rotated and arranged above the workbench, the clamping rod is arranged above the rotary table, the clamping rod can lift along the vertical direction to clamp or loosen a gear blank, the bottom end of the clamping rod can be rotated, a lifting plate is arranged on one side of the workbench, the hobbing cutter is positioned on one side of the lifting plate close to the rotary table, a power assembly used for driving the hobbing cutter to rotate is further arranged on the lifting plate, and a lifting assembly used for driving the lifting plate to stably lift is arranged on the base.
By adopting the technical scheme, the workbench is fixed on one side of the upper surface of the base, the rotary table is rotatably arranged above the workbench and driven by a servo motor and used for placing the gear blank, the frame body is arranged on the upper surface of the base and positioned on one side of the workbench, a cross frame horizontally extends from the top end of the frame body, the clamping rods are arranged on the bottom surface of the cross frame and can lift along the vertical direction to clamp and loosen the gear blank, the bottom ends of the clamping rods can rotate along with the gear blank, the hob is arranged on one side of the rotary table, the power assembly drives the hob to rotate, the hob is initially positioned above the relative rotary table, after the hob starts to rotate, the lifting plate is driven by the lifting assembly to move downwards, the lifting plate is provided with the power assembly and the hob to move downwards, the hob slowly descends to process the surface of the gear blank from top to bottom, and the lifting assembly has the function of stable lifting, the hobbing cutter can be more stable in the height adjusting process, the hobbing cutter is prevented from shaking in the lifting process, and the yield of products is improved.
The invention is further configured to: the lifting component comprises two guide posts, a lifting frame and a main gear, the two guide posts are respectively fixed on two sides of the upper surface of the base, the lifting frame is horizontally arranged, two ends of the lifting frame are respectively sleeved on the outer walls of the two guide posts in a sliding manner along the vertical direction, a first mounting frame is arranged on one side of the lifting frame, the main gear is rotatably arranged on the first mounting frame through a main shaft, a sliding groove is horizontally arranged on one side of the lifting frame close to the main gear, the axis of the main gear is vertical to the length direction of the sliding groove, a sliding block is arranged on one side of the main gear close to the sliding groove, one end of the sliding block is fixedly connected with the end surface of the main gear close to one end of the sliding groove, one end of the sliding block far away from the main gear is slidably arranged in the sliding groove along the horizontal direction, a second mounting frame is arranged on one side of the main gear, a driving gear is rotatably arranged on the second mounting frame, and the driving gear is driven by a servo motor, the lifting frame is characterized in that the driving gear is meshed with the main gear and connected with the main gear, a support frame is arranged on the upper surface of the lifting frame, one end, far away from the lifting frame, of the support frame is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the lifting plate, a stabilizing assembly used for maintaining the stability of the lifting frame in the lifting process is arranged below the lifting frame, and a sliding lock assembly used for controlling whether the main gear rotates or not is arranged on one side of the main gear.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, two guide pillar parallels are established in the same one side of workstation, the crane both ends are equipped with the guide hole that runs through its upper and lower surface respectively, the crane overlaps through two guide hole slip covers respectively on two guide pillar outer walls, first mounting bracket is established in the one side that the workstation was kept away from to the guide pillar, the main shaft rotates and establishes on first mounting bracket, the main shaft level sets up, the one end of keeping away from first mounting bracket at the main shaft is fixed to the master gear, the spout level is established in the crane, the spout runs through the lateral wall that the crane is close to master gear one side, perhaps the spout runs through two lateral walls of the relative master gear of crane, the purpose is in the one end of keeping away from the master gear for making the sliding block can stretch into the spout, the sliding block only can horizontal slip in the spout, the vertical skew of unable relative spout. When the main wheel rotates, the main wheel drives the sliding block to rotate, and when the linear speed of the main gear is horizontal, the sliding block horizontally slides in the sliding groove; when the linear velocity of the host wheel is vertical, the sliding block transmits torque through the top wall or the bottom wall of the sliding chute to drive the lifting frame to vertically lift; when the linear velocity of master gear is the tilt state, the horizontal component of linear velocity makes the sliding block horizontal slip in the spout, and the vertical component of linear velocity makes the sliding block drive the crane vertical lift. The two ends of the lifting frame respectively vertically slide along the outer walls of the two guide pillars in the lifting process, so that the lifting frame is more stable in the lifting process, the stabilizing assembly is arranged below the lifting frame and is in a lifting shape, and can lift along with the lifting frame, so that the stability of the lifting process of the lifting frame is further improved, the sliding lock assembly can horizontally slide to lock to limit the rotation of the main gear, and can also horizontally slide to unlock to remove the limitation; when gear hobbing processing is carried out on the gear blank, the sliding lock assembly is in an unlocking state, and the main gear is allowed to rotate; when not adding man-hour, the sliding lock subassembly is in the state of locking, the unable free rotation of master gear this moment, guaranteed placing of hobbing cutter stable, the holistic security has been improved, the crane lift in-process drives the lifter plate through the support frame and stabilizes the lift, thereby realize the stable processing of hobbing cutter to gear blank, drive gear establishes the one side at the master gear, drive gear's diameter is less than the diameter of master gear, drive gear rotates when week like this, the master gear only rotates certain angle, can make the lift of crane more slowly stable, and then make gear blank's processing more stable, when the initial processing is lost, also convenient in time stop, reduce the waste of material, drive gear passes through the drive shaft and rotates to be established on the second mounting bracket, drive gear can pass through servo motor drive.
The invention is further configured to: the stabilizing assembly comprises a shell, the bottom surface of the shell is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the base, an oil cavity is arranged in the shell, a piston is vertically and slidably connected in the oil cavity, a sealing ring is arranged on the side wall of the piston, the piston divides the oil cavity into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, a first oil guide pipe communicated with the upper cavity is arranged at the upper part of the outer wall of the shell, a second oil guide pipe communicated with the lower cavity is arranged at the lower part of the outer wall of the shell, a first control valve and a second control valve are respectively arranged on the first oil guide pipe and the second oil guide pipe, a long buffer rod and a short buffer rod are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piston, a buffer plate is arranged below the piston, a buffer groove matched with the short buffer rod is arranged on the upper surface of the buffer plate, a buffer spring is arranged below the buffer plate, and two ends of the buffer spring are respectively connected with the buffer plate and the bottom of the oil cavity, the upper end of the long buffer rod penetrates through the inner top wall of the shell and then extends to the upper side of the shell, and the upper end of the long buffer rod is provided with a contact assembly used for contacting with the bottom surface of the lifting frame.
By adopting the technical scheme, the stabilizing component mainly comprises a shell, a piston, a first oil guide pipe, a second oil guide pipe, a long buffer rod and a short buffer rod, the shell can be fixed on the upper surface of the base through bolts and is convenient to disassemble, the piston is movably arranged in an oil cavity, the oil cavity is divided into two parts by the piston, namely an upper cavity and a lower cavity, hydraulic oil can be led in or drawn out from the upper cavity through the first oil guide pipe, a first control valve can control whether the first oil guide pipe is conducted or not, hydraulic oil can be led in or drawn out from the lower cavity through the second oil guide pipe, a second control valve can control whether the second oil guide pipe is conducted or not, the piston can move up and down along with the change of the oil storage amount in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, so as to drive the long buffer rod and the short buffer rod to move up and down, the piston and the side wall of the oil cavity are sealed through a sealing ring, the sealing ring is fixed on the side wall of the piston, so that the piston can still keep good sealing performance in the vertical moving process, the hydraulic oil in the upper cavity and the hydraulic oil in the lower cavity are prevented from intersecting, the upper end of the long buffer rod is connected with the contact assembly, the contact assembly is contacted with the bottom surface of the lifting frame, in the lifting process of the lifting frame, the liquid storage amount in the upper cavity and the lower cavity is controlled to enable the contact assembly to be contacted with the bottom surface of the lifting frame all the time, thereby the stability of the lifting frame is maintained, in the lifting frame descending process, particularly when the lifting frame is in fault and suddenly descends, the contact assembly can be kept in a lifting state to bear a part of impact force, the long buffer rod is impacted to drive the piston to move downwards, the hydraulic oil in the lower cavity is slowly discharged out of the lower cavity, in the process, a part of impact can be buffered, the excessive loss is avoided, meanwhile, the buffer plate is also movable, and a sealing ring is also arranged on the side wall of the buffer plate, because the instantaneous downstream of piston, the pressure grow in the cavity of resorption, the buffer board is extrudeed downwards and downstream, and buffer spring sets up between the bottom surface of buffer board and oil pocket, cushions the buffer board, guarantees overall structure's stability, and the life of subassembly is stabilized in the extension, and the mode of contact with the crane bottom surface is taken to the contact subassembly in addition, and does not have with crane bottom surface rigid coupling, the change and the maintenance of the contact subassembly of being convenient for.
The invention is further configured to: the contact assembly comprises a connecting block and a contact frame, the connecting block is fixedly connected with the end part of the long buffer rod, a main elastic connecting rod is arranged at the top of the connecting block, one end of the main elastic connecting rod, far away from the connecting block, is fixedly connected with the contact frame, one side, far away from the main elastic connecting rod, of the contact frame is in contact with the bottom surface of the lifting frame, and a deformation groove is formed in the contact frame.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the top at long buffer beam is fixed to the connecting block, the area of contact frame upper surface is about the third of crane or bigger, contact surface between contact frame and the crane is the middle part of crane bottom surface, the transmission that enables the impact like this is more complete, also enable the efficiency performance of stabilizing the subassembly the biggest, main elastic connecting rod has elasticity, can at first cushion the impact that falls partly at crane decline in-process, be equipped with the deformation groove in the contact frame, the deformation groove can take place certain deformation when receiving the impact and cushion the partial impact, in order to improve the structural strength in deformation groove, can set up the strengthening rib in the deformation groove.
The invention is further configured to: contact frame upper surface both ends are the arc, all be equipped with the installation piece on two lateral walls that the connecting block is relative, two all be equipped with branch's elastic connecting rod on the installation piece, two branch's elastic connecting rod keep away from the one end of installation piece respectively with the both ends fixed connection of contact frame.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, contact frame upper surface both ends are the arc, can deal with the condition that the crane takes place to heel, when the crane takes place to heel, the contact frame also can normally receive and strike, the life of contact frame has been prolonged, because the area of contact frame upper surface is great, only be difficult to play the outrigger through main elastic connection pole, consequently add branch elastic connection pole respectively at the both ends of contact frame, both sides at the connecting block set up the installation piece, branch elastic connection pole one end is connected with the contact frame, the other end is connected with the mounting bracket, guarantee the stable in structure of contact frame with this.
The invention is further configured to: the sliding lock component comprises a fixing frame and a locking disc, wherein a first through hole and a driving groove are arranged in the fixing frame, the first through hole is used for a spindle to pass through, a translation groove is arranged on the side wall of the fixing frame close to one side of the locking disc, the translation groove is opposite to the driving groove, one end of the translation groove horizontally penetrates into the driving groove, a translation block is horizontally and movably arranged in the translation groove, a driving component for driving the translation block to horizontally slide is arranged in the driving groove, a second through hole is arranged in the middle of the locking disc, the locking disc is slidably arranged on the outer wall of the spindle through the second through hole, one end of the translation block is fixedly connected with one end face of the locking disc, a plurality of locking rods are arranged on the end face of the locking disc far away from one end of the translation block at intervals along the circumferential direction, a fixed disc is arranged on the end face of the main gear close to one end of the locking disc, and a plurality of locking grooves matched with the locking rods are arranged on the end face of the fixed disc close to one end of the locking disc, the number of the locking grooves is the same as that of the locking rods, and the positions of the locking grooves are opposite to those of the locking rods.
By adopting the technical scheme, the fixing frame is arranged between the first mounting frame and the main gear, the first through hole is used for a main shaft to pass through, the main shaft is connected with the first through hole through a bearing, the rotating stability of the main shaft can be improved, meanwhile, the main shaft can be prevented from being broken due to overlong, the driving groove is arranged on one side of the fixing frame far away from the main gear, the translation groove is communicated with the driving groove, the translation block is arranged in the translation groove, the side wall of the translation block is in sliding connection with the side wall of the translation groove, the driving assembly is arranged in the driving groove and can drive the translation block to horizontally slide in the translation groove along the direction of the main gear, the locking disc is driven to horizontally move in the sliding process of the translation block, the second through hole in the middle of the locking disc is connected with the outer wall of the main shaft through the bearing, the locking disc horizontally slides along the outer wall of the main shaft under the driving of the translation block, and a plurality of locking rods are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the end surface of the locking disc, a plurality of locking grooves are arranged on the end face of the fixed disc in the same layout mode, each locking rod corresponds to one locking groove, the locking disc drives the locking rods to be clamped into the locking grooves in the horizontal sliding process to achieve locking and limit rotation of the main gear, correspondingly, the locking rods are driven to be separated from the locking grooves through horizontal sliding of the locking disc, unlocking can be achieved to remove the limit of the main gear, and the number of the locking rods can be selected according to actual conditions.
The invention is further configured to: the drive assembly comprises a rack and a transmission gear, the rack is horizontally arranged in the drive groove in a sliding mode, one end of the rack is fixedly connected with one end of the translation block far away from the locking disc, the transmission gear is rotatably arranged in the drive groove through a transmission shaft, the transmission gear is meshed with the rack and is connected with the rack, one end of the transmission shaft penetrates through the side wall of the drive groove and then extends to the outside of the fixing frame, and a knob used for rotating the transmission shaft is arranged on the outer wall of the fixing frame.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, transmission shaft one end is rotated with the drive groove lateral wall and is connected, and the other end runs through and extends to the mount outside behind the relative lateral wall of drive groove, and the knob is located the outside one end fixed connection of mount with the transmission shaft, and drive gear fixes on the transmission shaft, and drive gear and rack toothing are connected, rotates the knob, and the knob drives the transmission shaft and rotates, and the transmission shaft drives drive gear and rotates, thereby transmission gear drives the rack and realizes driving translation piece horizontal slip in the translation groove in the drive groove horizontal slip.
The invention also discloses an operation method suitable for the production equipment, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a1 preparation: lifting the hob to a position higher than the rotating platform, and controlling the clamping rod to lift to enable the clamping rod to be far away from the rotating platform;
a2 workpiece clamping: placing the gear blank on a rotating table, and controlling a clamping rod to descend to clamp the gear blank;
a3 hobbing: controlling the rotating platform to drive the workpiece to rotate at a constant speed, starting the power assembly to drive the hob to rotate, controlling the sliding lock assembly to enable the main gear to be in a rotation-allowed state, starting the servo motor to drive the driving gear to rotate, driving the main gear to move with the sliding block in the rotating process, when the linear velocity of the main gear is horizontal, the sliding block slides horizontally in the chute, when the linear velocity of the main gear is vertical, the sliding block drives the lifting frame to lift vertically, when the linear velocity of the main gear is inclined, the horizontal component of the linear velocity drives the sliding block to horizontally slide in the sliding chute, the vertical component of the linear velocity drives the lifting frame to vertically lift through the sliding block, the lifting frame drives the lifting plate to vertically lift through the supporting frame in the lifting process, and the lifting plate is provided with the power assembly and the hob to vertically lift to perform gear hobbing on the gear blank to obtain a coarse gear;
taking a finished product A4: after gear hobbing is finished, the hob is lifted to a position higher than the rotary table, the power assembly is closed, the sliding lock assembly is controlled to enable the main gear to be in a non-rotatable state, the servo motor is closed, the rotary table is controlled to stop rotating, the clamping rod is controlled to ascend to loosen the coarse gear, and then the coarse gear is taken down.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, hobbing cutter is located the position that is higher than the revolving stage under the initial condition, and the revolving stage is kept away from to the supporting rod, and each part all is in the initial condition after processing is accomplished at every turn, makes things convenient for processing next time, and hobbing cutter steadily slowly carries out altitude mixture control at the gear hobbing in-process, has improved hobbing cutter altitude mixture control's stability, and then has improved the precision of gear blank processing.
The invention is further arranged to further comprise the following steps in the hobbing process:
b1 lifting and descending stably: in the lifting process of the lifting plate, a first control valve and a second control valve are opened, the oil storage amount in the upper cavity and the lower cavity is controlled according to the lifting state of the lifting plate, a piston moves upwards or downwards in an oil cavity along with the change of the oil storage amount in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, a long buffer rod is driven to move in the movement process of the piston, a contact assembly is driven to move by the long buffer rod, a contact frame in the contact assembly is always in contact with the bottom surface of the lifting frame, and the lifting plate can be lifted slowly and stably;
b2 locking: after gear hobbing, a knob is rotated in a forward direction, the knob drives a transmission shaft to rotate in the forward direction, the transmission shaft drives a transmission gear to rotate, the transmission gear is meshed with a rack to drive the rack to horizontally slide towards the direction close to a main gear, a translation block is driven to horizontally slide in a translation groove towards the direction close to the main gear in the sliding process of the rack, the translation block drives a locking disc to horizontally slide on the outer wall of a main shaft to be close to a fixed disc, the locking disc drives a locking rod to be clamped into a locking groove in the fixed disc to complete locking, and the main gear is in a non-rotatable state at the moment;
b3 unlocking: before gear hobbing, the knob is rotated reversely, the knob drives the transmission shaft to rotate reversely, the transmission shaft drives the transmission gear to rotate, the transmission gear is meshed with the rack to drive the rack to horizontally slide towards the direction far away from the main gear, the translation block is driven to horizontally slide in the translation groove towards the direction far away from the main gear in the sliding process of the rack, the translation block drives the locking disc to horizontally slide on the outer wall of the main shaft to be far away from the fixed disc, the locking disc drives the locking rod to be separated from the locking groove to complete unlocking, and the main gear is in an allowed rotation state at the moment.
By adopting the technical scheme, the height adjustment of the hobbing cutter in the hobbing process is more stable due to the lifting stabilizing step, the locking and unlocking steps are additionally arranged before and after the hobbing process, the main gear is limited in rotation by the locking step, the rotation limitation of the main gear is relieved by the unlocking step, the stability of the hobbing machine in a standing state is improved, and meanwhile, the safety performance is also guaranteed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a gear hobbing machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a lifting assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a slide lock assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a stabilizing assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating the positions of the driving gear and the main gear according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a fixing plate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The labels in the figures are:
1-base, 2-workbench, 3-rotating platform, 4-clamping rod, 5-hob, 6-lifting plate, 7-power component, 801-guide column, 802-lifting frame, 803-main gear, 804-first mounting frame, 805-main shaft, 806-sliding chute, 807-sliding block, 808-second mounting frame, 809-driving gear, 8010-supporting frame, 9-stabilizing component, 901-shell, 902-oil cavity, 903-piston, 904-sealing ring, 905-first oil guide pipe, 906-second oil guide pipe, 907-first control valve, 908-second control valve, 909-long buffer rod, 9010-short buffer rod, 9011-buffer plate, 9012-groove, 9013-buffer spring, etc, 10-contact component, 1001-connecting block, 1002-contact frame, 1003-main elastic connecting rod, 1004-deformation groove, 1005-mounting block, 1006-branch elastic connecting rod, 1101-fixing frame, 1102-locking disc, 1103-first through hole, 1104-driving groove, 1105-translation groove, 1106-translation block, 1107-locking rod, 1108-fixing disc, 1109-locking groove, 1201-rack, 1202-transmission gear, 1203-transmission shaft and 1204-knob.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-6, the present invention discloses a method for producing a gear of an automobile transmission, which comprises the following steps:
s1 forging: heating the steel to 1100-1140 ℃, and then carrying out hot forging on the steel to obtain a gear blank;
s2 annealing: cooling the forged gear blank to room temperature, performing spheroidizing annealing on the gear blank, setting the annealing temperature to 730-750 ℃, and cooling to room temperature after heat preservation for 2-3 h;
s3 turning: turning the annealed gear blank, and reserving machining allowance of 0.8-1.2mm in the overall dimension of the gear blank;
s4 hobbing: performing hobbing treatment on the turned gear blank to obtain a coarse gear with a primary profile; s5 shaving: shaving the coarse gear, wherein the surface roughness Ra of the processed coarse gear is 0.5-0.7 mu m;
s6 carburizing: carburizing the gear-shaved rough gear;
s7 modulation: quenching the carburized coarse gear, setting the quenching temperature to be 850-;
s8 finish machining: and (4) fine grinding the modulated coarse gear by a grinding machine to obtain a fine gear.
By adopting the technical scheme, a hydraulic press is used for forging steel in the forging process to obtain a gear blank, the gear blank is cooled to room temperature and then is put into a furnace for spheroidizing annealing, the cutting performance of the gear blank can be greatly improved, a numerical control lathe is used for turning the gear blank in the turning process, a machining allowance of 0.8-1.2mm is reserved in the turning process for subsequent machining adjustment, the gear profile is preliminarily obtained after hobbing treatment, then shaving treatment is carried out on the gear to ensure the roughness of the gear surface, the roughness Ra is controlled to be 0.5-0.7 mu m, a gas carburizing method is used for carrying out carburizing treatment on a coarse gear, volatile kerosene is used as a carburizing agent, the carburizing effect is effectively improved, the thickness of a carburized layer is increased, the gear surface is harder and more wear-resistant, and the gear core still keeps good toughness, after the carburizing, modulation heat treatment is adopted, quenching treatment is firstly carried out, then high-temperature tempering is carried out, the carburizing effect is more consolidated, the chemical property of the gear is improved, and after modulation, a numerical control grinding machine is adopted to carry out grinding processing on the coarse gear, and finally the transmission gear with high quality, high precision and long service life is obtained.
The invention also discloses a production device suitable for the production method, which comprises a gear hobbing machine, wherein in the specific embodiment of the invention: the gear hobbing machine comprises a base 1, a workbench 2, a rotary table 3, a clamping rod 4 and a hobbing cutter 5, wherein the workbench 2 is fixed on the upper surface of the base 1, the rotary table 3 is rotatably arranged above the workbench 2, the clamping rod 4 is arranged above the rotary table 3, the clamping rod 4 can lift along the vertical direction to clamp or loosen a gear blank, the bottom end of the clamping rod 4 can rotate, a lifting plate 6 is arranged on one side of the workbench 2, the hobbing cutter 5 is arranged on the lifting plate 6 and close to one side of the rotary table 3, a power assembly 7 for driving the hobbing cutter 5 to rotate is further arranged on the lifting plate 6, and a lifting assembly for driving the lifting plate 6 to stably lift is arranged on the base 1.
By adopting the technical scheme, the workbench 2 is fixed on one side of the upper surface of the base 1, the rotary table 3 is rotatably arranged above the workbench 2, the rotary table 3 is driven by a servo motor, the rotary table 3 is used for placing gear blanks, a frame body is arranged on the upper surface of the base 1 and on one side of the workbench 2, a cross frame horizontally extends from the top end of the frame body, the clamping rods 4 are arranged on the bottom surface of the cross frame, the clamping rods 4 can be lifted along the vertical direction to clamp and release the gear blanks, the bottom ends of the clamping rods 4 can rotate along with the gear blanks, the hob 5 is arranged on one side of the rotary table 3, the power assembly 7 drives the hob 5 to rotate, the hob 5 is initially arranged at a position above the rotary table 3, after the hob 5 starts to rotate, the lifting plate 6 is driven by the lifting assembly to move downwards, the lifting plate 6 drives the power assembly 7 and the hob 5 to move downwards, the hob 5 slowly descends to process the surface of the gear blanks from top to bottom, the lifting component has the function of stable lifting, so that the hob 5 is more stable in the height adjusting process, the hob 5 is prevented from shaking in the lifting process, and the yield of products is improved.
In a specific embodiment of the invention: the lifting assembly comprises two guide posts 801, a lifting frame 802 and a main gear 803, wherein the two guide posts 801 are respectively fixed on two sides of the upper surface of the base 1, the lifting frame 802 is horizontally arranged, two ends of the lifting frame 802 are respectively sleeved on the outer walls of the two guide posts 801 in a sliding manner along the vertical direction, a first mounting frame 804 is arranged on one side of the lifting frame 802, the main gear 803 is rotatably arranged on the first mounting frame 804 through a main shaft 805, a sliding groove 806 is arranged on one side of the lifting frame 802 close to the main gear 803 along the horizontal direction, the axis of the main gear 803 is perpendicular to the length direction of the sliding groove 806, a sliding block 807 is arranged on one side of the main gear 803 close to the sliding groove 806, one end of the sliding block 807 is fixedly connected with the end face of the main gear 803 close to one end of the sliding groove 806, one end of the sliding block 807 far away from the main gear 803 is arranged in the sliding groove 806 along the horizontal direction in a sliding manner, a second mounting frame 808 is arranged on one side of the main gear 803, the lifting frame 802 is provided with a lifting frame 802, the second mounting frame 808 is rotatably provided with a driving gear 809, the driving gear 809 is driven by a servo motor, the driving gear 809 is meshed with a main gear 803, the upper surface of the lifting frame 802 is provided with a supporting frame 8010, one end of the supporting frame 8010, which is far away from the lifting frame 802, is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the lifting plate 6, a stabilizing assembly 9 for maintaining the stability of the lifting frame 802 in the lifting process is arranged below the lifting frame 802, and one side of the main gear 803 is provided with a sliding lock assembly for controlling whether the main gear 803 rotates or not.
By adopting the above technical scheme, two guide posts 801 are arranged on the same side of the workbench 2 in parallel, two ends of the lifting frame 802 are respectively provided with a guide hole penetrating through the upper and lower surfaces of the lifting frame 802, the lifting frame 802 is respectively sleeved on the outer walls of the two guide posts 801 in a sliding manner through the two guide holes, the first mounting frame 804 is arranged on one side of the guide posts 801 far away from the workbench 2, the main shaft 805 is rotatably arranged on the first mounting frame 804, the main gear 803 is fixed at one end of the main shaft 805 far away from the first mounting frame 804, the sliding groove 806 is horizontally arranged in the lifting frame 802, the sliding groove 806 penetrates through the side wall of the lifting frame 802 near one side of the main gear 803, or the sliding groove 806 penetrates through two side walls of the lifting frame 802 opposite to the main gear 803, so that one end of the sliding block 807 far away from the main gear 803 can extend into the sliding groove 806, and the sliding block 807 can only horizontally move in the sliding groove 806 and cannot vertically offset relative to the sliding groove 806. The main wheel rotates with the sliding block 807, and when the linear velocity of the main gear 803 is horizontal, the sliding block 807 slides horizontally in the sliding groove 806; when the linear velocity of the host wheel is vertical, the sliding block 807 transfers torque through the top wall or the bottom wall of the sliding groove 806 to drive the crane 802 to vertically lift; when the linear velocity of the main gear 803 is in a tilted state, the horizontal component of the linear velocity makes the sliding block 807 horizontally move in the sliding slot 806, and the vertical component of the linear velocity makes the sliding block 807 drive the lifting frame 802 to vertically lift. The two ends of the lifting frame 802 respectively slide vertically along the outer walls of the two guide posts 801 in the lifting process, so that the lifting frame 802 is more stable in the lifting process, the stabilizing component 9 is arranged below the lifting frame 802 in a lifting shape, the stabilizing component 9 can lift along with the lifting frame 802, the stability of the lifting process of the lifting frame 802 is further improved, the sliding lock component can horizontally slide to lock to limit the rotation of the main gear 803, and can also horizontally slide to unlock to release the limitation; when the gear blank is subjected to gear hobbing processing, the slide lock assembly is in an unlocking state, and the main gear 803 is allowed to rotate; when the sliding lock assembly is not machined, the sliding lock assembly is in a locking state, the main gear 803 cannot rotate freely at the moment, the stable placement of the hob 5 is guaranteed, the overall safety is improved, the lifting plate 6 is driven to lift stably by the supporting frame 8010 in the lifting process of the lifting frame 802, so that the hob 5 can process a gear blank stably, the driving gear 809 is arranged on one side of the main gear 803, the diameter of the driving gear 809 is smaller than that of the main gear 803, when the driving gear 809 rotates for one week, the main gear 803 only rotates for a certain angle, the lifting frame 802 can lift more slowly and stably, the gear blank can be processed more stably, when the initial processing is lost, the gear blank can be stopped conveniently and timely, the waste of materials is reduced, the driving gear 809 is arranged on the second mounting frame 808 through the rotation of the driving shaft, and the driving gear 809 can be driven by the servo motor.
In a specific embodiment of the invention: the stabilizing assembly 9 comprises a housing 901, the bottom surface of the housing 901 is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the base 1, an oil chamber 902 is arranged in the housing 901, a piston 903 is vertically and slidably connected in the oil chamber 902, a sealing ring 904 is arranged on the side wall of the piston 903, the piston 903 divides the oil chamber 902 into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, a first oil guide pipe 905 communicated with the upper cavity is arranged at the upper part of the outer wall of the housing 901, a second oil guide pipe 906 communicated with the lower cavity is arranged at the lower part of the outer wall of the housing 901, a first control valve 907 and a second control valve 908 are respectively arranged on the first oil guide pipe 905 and the second oil guide pipe 906, a long buffer rod 909 and a short buffer rod 9010 are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piston 903, a buffer plate 9011 is arranged below the piston, a buffer slot 9012 matched with the short buffer rod 9010 is arranged on the upper surface of the buffer plate 9011, a buffer spring 9013 is arranged below the buffer plate 903, two ends of the buffer spring 9013 are respectively connected with the buffer plate 9011 and the bottom of the oil chamber 902, the upper end of the long buffer rod 909 penetrates through the inner top wall of the shell 901 and then extends to the upper portion of the shell 901, and the upper end of the long buffer rod 909 is provided with a contact assembly 10 used for being in contact with the bottom face of the lifting frame 802.
By adopting the technical scheme, the stabilizing component 9 mainly comprises a shell 901, a piston 903, a first oil guide pipe 905, a second oil guide pipe 906, a long buffer rod 909 and a short buffer rod 9010, wherein the shell 901 can be fixed on the upper surface of the base 1 through bolts, the disassembly is convenient, the piston 903 is movably arranged in an oil cavity 902, the oil cavity 902 is divided into two parts by the piston 903, namely, the two parts are divided into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, hydraulic oil can be led into or drawn out of the upper cavity through the first oil guide pipe 905, whether the first oil guide pipe 905 is conducted or not can be controlled by the first control valve 907, hydraulic oil can be led into or drawn out of the lower cavity through the second oil guide pipe 906, whether the second oil guide pipe 906 is conducted or not can be controlled by the second control valve 908, the piston 903 can move up and down along with the change of the oil storage amount in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, so as to drive the long buffer rod 909 and the short buffer rod 9010 to move up and down, the piston 903 and the side wall of the oil cavity 902 are sealed by a sealing ring 904, the sealing ring 904 is fixed on the side wall of the piston 903, so that the piston 903 can still keep good sealing performance in the vertical moving process, the intersection of hydraulic oil in an upper cavity and a lower cavity is avoided, the upper end of a long buffer rod 909 is connected with a contact assembly 10, the contact assembly 10 is contacted with the bottom surface of the lifting frame 802, in the lifting process of the lifting frame 802, the contact assembly 10 is always contacted with the bottom surface of the lifting frame 802 by controlling the liquid storage amount in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, so that the lifting process of the lifting frame 802 is kept stable, in the descending process of the lifting frame 802, particularly when the lifting frame 802 is suddenly descended due to faults, the contact assembly 10 can keep a lifting state and bear a part of impact force, the long buffer rod is impacted to drive the piston 903 to move downwards, the hydraulic oil in the lower cavity is slowly discharged out of the lower cavity, and the process can buffer a part of impact force, avoid causing too big loss, buffer plate 9011 is also mobilizable simultaneously, and also be equipped with sealing washer 904 on the lateral wall of buffer plate 9011, because piston 903's the downward motion in the twinkling of an eye, the pressure grow in the cavity of resorption, buffer plate 9011 is extrudeed downwards and downstream, and buffer spring 9013 sets up between buffer plate 9011 and the bottom surface of oil pocket 902, cushion buffer plate 9011, guarantee overall structure's stability, the life of subassembly 9 is stabilized in the extension, contact assembly 10 takes the mode with crane 802 bottom surface contact in addition, and do not with crane 802 bottom surface rigid coupling, be convenient for the change and the maintenance of contact assembly 10.
In a specific embodiment of the invention: the contact assembly 10 comprises a connecting block 1001 and a contact frame 1002, the connecting block 1001 is fixedly connected with the end of a long buffer rod 909, a main elastic connecting rod 1003 is arranged at the top of the connecting block 1001, one end, far away from the connecting block 1001, of the main elastic connecting rod 1003 is fixedly connected with the contact frame 1002, one side, far away from the main elastic connecting rod 1003, of the contact frame 1002 is in contact with the bottom surface of the lifting frame 802, and a deformation groove 1004 is arranged in the contact frame 1002.
By adopting the technical scheme, the connecting block 1001 is fixed at the top end of the long buffer rod 909, the area of the upper surface of the contact frame 1002 is about one third of that of the lifting frame 802 or larger, the contact surface between the contact frame 1002 and the lifting frame 802 is the middle part of the bottom surface of the lifting frame 802, so that the impact can be transmitted more completely, the effect of the stabilizing assembly 9 can be exerted to the maximum, the main elastic connecting rod 1003 has elasticity, part of impact can be buffered at first in the descending process of the lifting frame 802, the deformation groove 1004 is arranged in the contact frame 1002, the deformation groove 1004 can be deformed to buffer part of impact when being impacted, and in order to improve the structural strength of the deformation groove 1004, a reinforcing rib can be arranged in the deformation groove 1004.
In a specific embodiment of the invention: both ends of the upper surface of the contact frame 1002 are arc-shaped, two mounting blocks 1005 are arranged on two opposite side walls of the connecting block 1001, two branch elastic connecting rods 1006 are arranged on the mounting blocks 1005, and one ends, far away from the mounting blocks 1005, of the branch elastic connecting rods 1006 are fixedly connected with both ends of the contact frame 1002 respectively.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, contact frame 1002 upper surface both ends are the arc, can deal with the condition that the crane 802 takes place to heel, when the crane 802 takes place to heel, contact frame 1002 also can normally receive the impact, contact frame 1002's life has been prolonged, because the area of contact frame 1002 upper surface is great, only be difficult to play the outrigger through main elastic connecting rod 1003, consequently add branch elastic connecting rod 1006 respectively at contact frame 1002's both ends, both sides at connecting block 1001 set up installation piece 1005, branch elastic connecting rod 1006 one end is connected with contact frame 1002, the other end is connected with the mounting bracket, guarantee contact frame 1002's stable in structure with this.
In a specific embodiment of the invention: the sliding lock assembly comprises a fixing frame 1101 and a locking disc 1102, a first through hole 1103 and a driving groove 1104 are arranged in the fixing frame 1101, the first through hole 1103 is used for allowing a spindle 805 to pass through, a translation groove 1105 is arranged on the side wall of the fixing frame 1101 close to one side of the locking disc 1102, the translation groove 1105 is opposite to the driving groove 1104, one end of the translation groove 1105 horizontally penetrates into the driving groove 1104, a translation block 1106 is horizontally arranged in the translation groove 1105 in a sliding manner, a driving assembly used for driving the translation block 1106 to horizontally slide is arranged in the driving groove 1104, a second through hole is arranged in the middle of the locking disc 1102, the locking disc 1102 is arranged on the outer wall of the spindle 805 in a sliding manner through the second through hole, one end of the translation block 1106 is fixedly connected with one end face of the locking disc 1102, a plurality of locking rods 1107 are circumferentially arranged at intervals on the end face of the locking disc 1102 far away from one end of the translation block 1106, and a fixed disc 1108 is arranged on the end face of the main gear 803 close to one end of the locking disc 1108, the end face of the fixed disc 1108 close to one end of the locking disc 1102 is provided with a plurality of locking grooves 1109 which are matched with the locking rods 1107, the number of the locking grooves 1109 is the same as that of the locking rods 1107, and the positions of the locking grooves 1109 are opposite to those of the locking rods 1107.
By adopting the above technical solution, the fixing frame 1101 is arranged between the first mounting frame 804 and the main gear 803, the first through hole 1103 is used for the spindle 805 to pass through, the spindle 805 is connected with the first through hole 1103 through a bearing, the stability of the rotation of the spindle 805 can be improved, and the breaking of the spindle 805 due to overlong can be avoided, the driving groove 1104 is arranged at one side of the fixing frame 1101 away from the main gear 803, the translation groove 1105 is communicated with the driving groove 1104, the translation block 1106 is arranged in the translation groove 1105, the side wall of the translation block 1106 is slidably connected with the side wall of the translation groove 1105, a driving assembly is arranged in the driving groove 1104, the driving assembly can drive the translation block 1106 to horizontally slide in the translation groove 1105 along the direction of the main gear 803, the translation block 1106 drives the locking disc 1102 to horizontally move during the sliding of the translation block 1106, the second through hole in the middle of the locking disc 1102 is connected with the outer wall of the spindle 805 through a bearing, the locking disc 1102 is horizontally slide along the outer wall of the main shaft 805 under the driving of the translation block 1106, the plurality of locking rods 1107 are distributed at equal intervals along the circumferential direction of the end surface of the locking disc 1102, the plurality of locking grooves 1109 are distributed on the end surface of the fixed disc 1108 in the same layout mode, each locking rod 1107 corresponds to one locking groove 1109, the locking disc 1102 drives the locking rods 1107 to be clamped into the locking grooves 1109 in the horizontal sliding process, the rotation of the main gear 803 is locked and limited, correspondingly, the locking rods 1107 are driven to be disengaged from the locking grooves 1109 through the horizontal sliding of the locking disc 1102, the limitation of the main gear 803 can be unlocked and released, and the number of the locking rods 1107 can be selected according to actual conditions.
In a specific embodiment of the invention: the driving assembly comprises a rack 1201 and a transmission gear 1202, the rack 1201 is horizontally and slidably arranged in a driving groove 1104, one end of the rack 1201 is fixedly connected with one end, away from the locking disc 1102, of a translation block 1106, the transmission gear 1202 is rotatably arranged in the driving groove 1104 through a transmission shaft 1203, the transmission gear 1202 is meshed with the rack 1201, one end of the transmission shaft 1203 penetrates through the side wall of the driving groove 1104 and then extends to the outside of the fixing frame 1101, and a knob 1204 used for rotating the transmission shaft 1203 is arranged on the outer wall of the fixing frame 1101.
By adopting the technical scheme, one end of the transmission shaft 1203 is rotatably connected with the side wall of the driving groove 1104, the other end of the transmission shaft 1203 penetrates through the opposite side wall of the driving groove 1104 and then extends to the outside of the fixing frame 1101, the knob 1204 is fixedly connected with one end of the transmission shaft 1203 positioned at the outside of the fixing frame 1101, the transmission gear 1202 is fixed on the transmission shaft 1203, the transmission gear 1202 is meshed with the rack 1201, the knob 1204 is rotated, the knob 1204 drives the transmission shaft 1203 to rotate, the transmission shaft 1203 drives the transmission gear 1202 to rotate, and the transmission gear 1202 drives the rack 1201 to horizontally move in the driving groove 1104, so that the translation block 1106 is driven to horizontally slide in the translation groove 1105.
The invention also discloses an operation method suitable for the production equipment, which comprises the following steps in the specific embodiment of the invention:
a1 preparation: the hob 5 is lifted to a position higher than the rotating platform 3, and the clamping rod 4 is controlled to be lifted to be far away from the rotating platform 3;
a2 workpiece clamping: placing the gear blank on the rotary table 3, and controlling the clamping rod 4 to descend to clamp the gear blank;
a3 hobbing: controlling the rotary table 3 to drive the workpiece to rotate at a constant speed, starting the power assembly 7 to drive the hob 5 to rotate, controlling the sliding lock assembly to enable the main gear 803 to be in a rotation-allowed state, starting the servo motor to drive the driving gear 809 to rotate, driving the main gear 803 to rotate by the driving gear 809, driving the sliding block 807 to move together in the rotation process of the main gear 803, when the linear velocity of the main gear 803 is horizontal, the sliding block 807 horizontally moves in the chute 806, when the linear velocity of the main gear 803 is vertical, the sliding block 807 drives the lifting frame 802 to vertically lift, when the linear velocity of the main gear 803 is inclined, the horizontal component of the linear velocity drives the sliding block 807 to horizontally move in the chute 806, the vertical component of the linear velocity drives the lifting frame 802 to vertically lift by the sliding block 807, the lifting frame 802 drives the lifting plate 8010 to vertically lift during the lifting process, the lifting plate 6 drives the power assembly 7 and the hob 5 to vertically lift to roll the gear blank, obtaining a coarse gear;
taking a finished product A4: after gear hobbing is finished, the hob 5 is lifted to a position higher than the rotary table 3, the power assembly 7 is closed, the sliding lock assembly is controlled to enable the main gear 803 to be in a non-rotatable state, the servo motor is closed, the rotary table 3 is controlled to stop rotating, the clamping rod 4 is controlled to ascend to loosen the coarse gear, and then the coarse gear is taken down.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, hobbing cutter 5 is located the position that is higher than revolving stage 3 under the initial condition, and revolving stage 3 is kept away from to supporting rod 4, and each part all is in the initial condition after processing is accomplished at every turn, makes things convenient for processing next time, and hobbing cutter 5 carries out altitude mixture control steadily slowly at the gear hobbing in-process, has improved hobbing cutter 5 altitude mixture control's stability, and then has improved the precision of gear blank processing.
In the embodiment of the invention, the hobbing process further comprises the following steps:
b1 lifting and descending stably: in the lifting process of the lifting plate 6, a first control valve 907 and a second control valve 908 are opened, the oil storage amount in the upper cavity and the lower cavity is controlled according to the lifting state of the lifting plate 6, along with the change of the oil storage amount in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, the piston 903 moves upwards or downwards in the oil cavity 902, the long buffer rod 909 is driven to move in the motion process of the piston 903, the contact component 10 is driven to move by the long buffer rod 909, and the contact frame 1002 in the contact component 10 is always in contact with the bottom surface of the lifting frame 802, so that the lifting plate 6 can be lifted slowly and stably;
b2 locking: after gear hobbing, a knob 1204 is rotated in a forward direction, the knob 1204 drives a transmission shaft 1203 to rotate in the forward direction, the transmission shaft 1203 drives a transmission gear 1202 to rotate, the transmission gear 1202 is meshed with a rack 1201 to drive the rack 1201 to horizontally slide towards the direction close to the main gear 803, the rack 1201 drives a translation block 1106 to horizontally slide towards the direction close to the main gear 803 in a translation groove 1105 in the sliding process, the translation block 1106 drives a locking disc 1102 to horizontally slide on the outer wall of a main shaft 805 to be close to a fixed disc 1108, the locking disc 1102 drives a locking rod 1107 to be clamped into a locking groove 1109 in the fixed disc 1108 to complete locking, and the main gear 803 is in a non-rotatable state;
b3 unlocking: before gear hobbing, a knob 1204 is rotated reversely, the knob 1204 drives a transmission shaft 1203 to rotate reversely, the transmission shaft 1203 drives a transmission gear 1202 to rotate, the transmission gear 1202 is meshed with a rack 1201 to drive the rack 1201 to horizontally slide in a direction away from the main gear 803, the rack 1201 drives a translation block 1106 to horizontally slide in a translation groove 1105 in a direction away from the main gear 803 during sliding, the translation block 1106 drives a locking disc 1102 to horizontally slide on the outer wall of a main shaft 805 to be away from a fixed disc 1108, the locking disc 1102 drives a locking rod 1107 to be disengaged from a locking groove 1109 to complete unlocking, and at the moment, the main gear 803 is in a rotation allowing state.
By adopting the technical scheme, the height adjustment of the hob 5 in the gear hobbing process is more stable through the lifting stabilizing step, the locking and unlocking steps are additionally arranged before and after the gear hobbing process, the main gear 803 is limited in rotation through the locking step, the rotation limitation of the main gear 803 is relieved through the unlocking step, the stability of the gear hobbing machine in a standing state is further improved, and meanwhile, the safety performance is guaranteed.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (8)

1. Production equipment for a production method of a gear of an automobile gearbox is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 forging: heating the steel to 1100-1140 ℃, and then carrying out hot forging on the steel to obtain a gear blank; s2 annealing: cooling the forged gear blank to room temperature, performing spheroidizing annealing on the gear blank, setting the annealing temperature to 730-750 ℃, and cooling to room temperature after heat preservation for 2-3 h;
s3 turning: turning the annealed gear blank, and reserving machining allowance of 0.8-1.2mm in the overall dimension of the gear blank;
s4 hobbing: performing hobbing treatment on the turned gear blank to obtain a coarse gear with a primary profile;
s5 shaving: shaving the coarse gear, wherein the surface roughness Ra of the processed coarse gear is 0.5-0.7 mu m; s6 carburizing: carburizing the gear-shaved rough gear;
s7 modulation: quenching the carburized coarse gear, setting the quenching temperature to be 850-;
and S8 finishing: fine grinding the modulated coarse gear by a grinding machine to obtain a fine gear;
the production equipment comprises a gear hobbing machine, the gear hobbing machine comprises a base (1), a workbench (2), a rotating table (3), clamping rods (4) and a hob (5), the workbench (2) is fixed on the upper surface of the base (1), the rotating platform (3) is rotatably arranged above the workbench (2), the clamping rods (4) are arranged above the rotating table (3), the clamping rods (4) can lift and clamp or loosen the gear blank along the vertical direction, the bottom end of the clamping rod (4) can rotate, one side of the workbench (2) is provided with a lifting plate (6), the hob (5) is positioned on one side of the lifting plate (6) close to the rotating platform (3), the lifting plate (6) is also provided with a power component (7) for driving the hob (5) to rotate, the base (1) is provided with a lifting component for driving the lifting plate (6) to stably lift;
the lifting assembly comprises two guide columns (801), a lifting frame (802) and a main gear (803), the two guide columns (801) are respectively fixed on two sides of the upper surface of the base (1), the lifting frame (802) is horizontally arranged, two ends of the lifting frame (802) are respectively sleeved on the outer walls of the two guide columns (801) in a sliding mode along the vertical direction, a first mounting frame (804) is arranged on one side of the lifting frame (802), the main gear (803) is rotatably arranged on the first mounting frame (804) through a main shaft (805), a sliding groove (806) is arranged on one side, close to the main gear (803), of the lifting frame (802) along the horizontal direction, the axis of the main gear (803) is perpendicular to the length direction of the sliding groove (806), a sliding block (807) is arranged on one side, close to the sliding groove (806), one end of the sliding block (807) is fixedly connected with the end face, close to one end of the sliding groove (806), of the main gear (803), one end, far away from the main gear (803), of the sliding block (807) is arranged in a sliding groove (806) in a sliding mode in the horizontal direction, a second mounting frame (808) is arranged on one side of the main gear (803), a driving gear (809) is arranged on the second mounting frame (808) in a rotating mode, the driving gear (809) is driven by a servo motor, the driving gear (809) is meshed with the main gear (803), a supporting frame (8010) is arranged on the upper surface of the lifting frame (802), one end, far away from the lifting frame (802), of the supporting frame (8010) is fixedly connected with the bottom surface of the lifting plate (6), a stabilizing assembly (9) used for maintaining the stability of the lifting frame (802) in the lifting process is arranged below the lifting frame (802), and a sliding lock assembly used for controlling whether the main gear (803) rotates is arranged on one side of the main gear (803).
2. The manufacturing apparatus of a method of manufacturing a transmission gear of an automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the stabilizing assembly (9) comprises a shell (901), the bottom surface of the shell (901) is fixedly connected with the upper surface of the base (1), an oil cavity (902) is arranged in the shell (901), a piston (903) is vertically and slidably connected in the oil cavity (902), a sealing ring (904) is arranged on the side wall of the piston (903), the piston (903) divides the oil cavity (902) into an upper cavity and a lower cavity, a first oil guide pipe (905) communicated with the upper cavity is arranged at the upper part of the outer wall of the shell (901), a second oil guide pipe (906) communicated with the lower cavity is arranged at the lower part of the outer wall of the shell (901), a first control valve (907) and a second control valve (908) are respectively arranged on the first oil guide pipe (905) and the second oil guide pipe (906), a long buffer rod (909) and a short buffer rod (9010) are respectively arranged on the upper surface and the lower surface of the piston (903), and a buffer plate (9011) is arranged below the piston (903), the buffer plate (9011) upper surface is equipped with buffer slot (9012) with short buffer rod (9010) looks adaptation, buffer spring (9013) below buffer plate (9011), buffer spring (9013) both ends are connected with buffer plate (9011) and oil pocket (902) bottom respectively, extend to casing (901) top behind the roof in casing (901) is run through to long buffer rod (909), long buffer rod (909) upper end is equipped with and is used for the contact subassembly (10) with crane (802) bottom surface contact.
3. The manufacturing apparatus of a method of manufacturing a transmission gear of an automobile according to claim 2, wherein: the contact assembly (10) comprises a connecting block (1001) and a contact frame (1002), the connecting block (1001) is fixedly connected with the end of a long buffer rod (909), a main elastic connecting rod (1003) is arranged at the top of the connecting block (1001), one end, away from the connecting block (1001), of the main elastic connecting rod (1003) is fixedly connected with the contact frame (1002), one side, away from the main elastic connecting rod (1003), of the contact frame (1002) is in contact with the bottom surface of the lifting frame (802), and a deformation groove (1004) is formed in the contact frame (1002).
4. The manufacturing apparatus of a method of manufacturing a transmission gear of an automobile according to claim 3, wherein: contact frame (1002) upper surface both ends are the arc, all be equipped with installation piece (1005) on two relative lateral walls of connecting block (1001), two all be equipped with branch elastic connecting rod (1006) on installation piece (1005), two the one end that installation piece (1005) were kept away from in branch elastic connecting rod (1006) respectively with the both ends fixed connection of contact frame (1002).
5. The manufacturing apparatus of a method of manufacturing a transmission gear of an automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the sliding lock assembly comprises a fixing frame (1101) and a locking disc (1102), wherein a first through hole (1103) and a driving groove (1104) are formed in the fixing frame (1101), the first through hole (1103) is used for allowing a spindle (805) to pass through, a translation groove (1105) is formed in the side wall of the fixing frame (1101) close to one side of the locking disc (1102), the translation groove (1105) is opposite to the driving groove (1104), one end of the translation groove (1105) horizontally penetrates into the driving groove (1104), a translation block (1106) is horizontally and movably arranged in the translation groove (1105), a driving assembly used for driving the translation block (1106) to horizontally slide is arranged in the driving groove (1104), a second through hole is formed in the middle of the locking disc (1102), the locking disc (1102) is slidably arranged on the outer wall of the spindle (805) through the second through hole, one end of the translation block (1106) is fixedly connected with one end face of the locking disc (1102), the locking dish (1102) is kept away from on the terminal surface of translation piece (1106) one end along circumference interval and is equipped with a plurality of check lock pole (1107), be equipped with on the terminal surface that main gear (803) are close to locking dish (1102) one end fixed disk (1108), be equipped with on the terminal surface that fixed disk (1108) are close to locking dish (1102) one end a plurality of and check lock pole (1107) locking groove (1109) of mutually supporting, the quantity of locking groove (1109) is the same with the quantity of check lock pole (1107), and the position of a plurality of locking groove (1109) is relative with the position of a plurality of check lock pole (1107).
6. The manufacturing apparatus of a method of manufacturing a transmission gear of an automobile according to claim 5, wherein: the driving assembly comprises a rack (1201) and a transmission gear (1202), the rack (1201) is horizontally arranged in a driving groove (1104) in a sliding mode, one end of the rack (1201) is fixedly connected with one end, far away from a locking disc (1102), of a translation block (1106), the transmission gear (1202) is rotatably arranged in the driving groove (1104) through a transmission shaft (1203), the transmission gear (1202) is meshed with the rack (1201), one end of the transmission shaft (1203) penetrates through the side wall of the driving groove (1104) and then extends to the outside of the fixing frame (1101), and a knob (1204) used for rotating the transmission shaft (1203) is arranged on the outer wall of the fixing frame (1101).
7. A method of operating a production facility adapted to the method of producing a transmission gear for a motor vehicle of claim 6, comprising the steps of:
a1 preparation: the hob (5) is lifted to a position higher than the rotating platform (3), and the clamping rod (4) is controlled to be lifted to be far away from the rotating platform (3);
a2 workpiece clamping: the gear blank is placed on the rotating table (3), and the clamping rod (4) is controlled to descend to clamp the gear blank;
a3 hobbing: controlling a rotating platform (3) to drive a workpiece to rotate at a constant speed, starting a power assembly (7) to drive a hob (5) to rotate, controlling a sliding lock assembly to enable a main gear (803) to be in a rotation-allowed state, starting a servo motor to drive a driving gear (809) to rotate, driving the main gear (803) to rotate by the driving gear (809), driving a sliding block (807) to move together by the main gear (803) in the rotating process, when the linear velocity of the main gear (803) is horizontal, the sliding block (807) horizontally slides in a sliding chute (806), when the linear velocity of the main gear (803) is vertical, the sliding block (807) drives a lifting frame (802) to vertically lift, when the linear velocity of the main gear (803) is inclined, the horizontal component of the linear velocity drives the sliding block (807) to horizontally slide in the sliding chute (806), and the vertical component of the linear velocity drives the lifting frame (802) to vertically lift through the sliding block (807), the lifting frame (802) drives the lifting plate (6) to vertically lift through the supporting frame (8010) in the lifting process, and the lifting plate (6) drives the power assembly (7) and the hob (5) to vertically lift to perform gear hobbing on a gear blank to obtain a coarse gear;
taking a finished product A4: after gear hobbing is finished, the hob (5) is lifted to a position higher than the rotary table (3), the power assembly (7) is closed, the sliding lock assembly is controlled to enable the main gear (803) to be in a non-rotatable state, the servo motor is closed, the rotary table (3) is controlled to stop rotating, the clamping rod (4) is controlled to ascend to loosen the coarse gear, and then the coarse gear is taken down.
8. The operating method of a production apparatus for a production method of an automobile transmission gear according to claim 7, characterized by further comprising the steps of, during the hobbing:
b1 lifting and descending stably: in the lifting process of the lifting plate (6), a first control valve (907) and a second control valve (908) are opened, the oil storage amount in an upper cavity and a lower cavity is controlled according to the lifting state of the lifting plate (6), a piston (903) moves upwards or downwards in an oil cavity (902) along with the change of the oil storage amount in the upper cavity and the lower cavity, a long buffer rod (909) is driven to move in the moving process of the piston (903), a contact assembly (10) is driven by the long buffer rod (909) to move, a contact frame (1002) in the contact assembly (10) is always in contact with the bottom surface of a lifting frame (802), and the lifting plate (6) can be lifted slowly and stably;
b2 locking: after gear hobbing, a knob (1204) is rotated in a forward direction, the knob (1204) drives a transmission shaft (1203) to rotate in the forward direction, the transmission shaft (1203) drives a transmission gear (1202) to rotate, the transmission gear (1202) is meshed with a rack (1201) to drive the rack (1201) to horizontally slide towards the direction close to a main gear (803), the rack (1201) drives a translation block (1106) to horizontally slide towards the direction close to the main gear (803) in a translation groove (1105) in the sliding process, the translation block (1106) drives a locking disc (1102) to horizontally slide on the outer wall of a main shaft (805) to be close to a fixed disc (1108), the locking disc (1102) drives a locking rod (1107) to be clamped into a locking groove (1109) on the fixed disc (1108) to complete locking, and the main gear (803) is in a non-rotatable state at the moment;
b3 unlocking: before gear hobbing, a knob (1204) is rotated reversely, the knob (1204) drives a transmission shaft (1203) to rotate reversely, the transmission shaft (1203) drives a transmission gear (1202) to rotate, the transmission gear (1202) is meshed with a rack (1201) to drive the rack (1201) to horizontally slide towards the direction far away from a main gear (803), the rack (1201) drives a translation block (1106) to horizontally slide towards the direction far away from the main gear (803) in a translation groove (1105) in the sliding process, the translation block (1106) drives a locking disc (1102) to horizontally slide on the outer wall of a main shaft (805) and far away from a fixed disc (1108), the locking disc (1102) drives a locking rod (1107) to be pulled out of a locking groove (1109) to complete unlocking, and at the moment, the main gear (803) is in a rotation allowing state.
CN202110338818.4A 2021-03-30 2021-03-30 Production method and production equipment for automobile gearbox gear Active CN112959081B (en)

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CN114226871A (en) * 2022-01-06 2022-03-25 无锡永凯达齿轮有限公司 Hob fixed gear forming processing platform
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CN116673549B (en) * 2023-06-25 2024-02-02 泰州浙华机械精锻有限公司 Full-automatic forging device for high-strength gear blank

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