CN112959002A - Superplastic forming/diffusion connection forming method for hollow lightweight structure with local weight-reduction thin-wall complex profile - Google Patents
Superplastic forming/diffusion connection forming method for hollow lightweight structure with local weight-reduction thin-wall complex profile Download PDFInfo
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- CN112959002A CN112959002A CN202110137226.6A CN202110137226A CN112959002A CN 112959002 A CN112959002 A CN 112959002A CN 202110137226 A CN202110137226 A CN 202110137226A CN 112959002 A CN112959002 A CN 112959002A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/001—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by extrusion or drawing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
Abstract
The invention discloses a superplastic forming/diffusion connection forming method for a hollow lightweight structure of a local weight-reduction thin-wall complex profile, and belongs to the technical field of local weight-reduction high-precision forming. The invention solves the problems that the existing high-temperature alloy superplastic forming has high temperature and long time, and is easy to cause performance loss after material forming, and the machining deformation and the reduction of the forming precision of complex components are easy to cause in the processing of a weight reduction area after the superplastic forming of a thin-wall multilayer structure. The invention relates to a vacuum SPF/DB integrated forming technology based on a shroud plate self-closing structure, which adopts a prefabricated hollow plate to locally reduce weight and realizes the accurate forming of high-temperature alloy under the condition of low performance loss. The method provided by the invention can realize vacuum protection in the diffusion bonding process, effectively solve the oxidation problem of the thin-wall plate in the thermal forming process in the non-vacuum environment, and greatly improve the mechanical property of the superplastic formed material. Meanwhile, the prefabricated hollow weight reducing plate is adopted, and double weight reduction of the component on the material thickness and the space structure is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a superplastic forming/diffusion connection forming method for a hollow lightweight structure of a local weight-reduction thin-wall complex profile, and belongs to the technical field of local weight-reduction high-precision forming.
Background
When the large-scale component is prepared by adopting the conventional superplastic forming/diffusion bonding (SPF/DB), the obtained hollow structure takes a continuous plate with equal thickness as a raw material, and the thickness of a bonding area after forming is the superposition of the original materials, so that the weight reduction effect is obviously reduced. In order to greatly improve the weight reduction effect of a component, the connecting area variable-thickness scheme proposed in the existing design is removed by subsequent machining or chemical corrosion and other processes, but the methods have the obvious problems of component deformation after machining, difficulty in controlling wall thickness, environmental pollution and the like. And the superplastic forming/diffusion connection of the traditional large-scale components at home and abroad is carried out in the air atmosphere, and the method of simple profile sealing can not meet the requirement of sheet forming. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a superplastic forming/diffusion bonding forming method which can directly obtain a hollow lightweight structure with a local weight-reduction thin-wall complex profile without subsequent complex processing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a superplastic forming/diffusion connection forming method for a hollow lightweight structure with a local weight-reducing thin-wall complex molded surface, aiming at solving the problems that machining deformation is easily caused and the forming precision of a complex component is reduced in the existing weight-reducing area processing process after superplastic forming of a thin-wall multilayer structure.
A superplastic forming/diffusion connection forming method for a hollow lightweight structure with a local weight-reduction thin-wall complex profile comprises the following steps:
step 1, blank processing: based on the digital-analog appearance of the thin-wall complex-profile hollow structure, an alloy plate and a stainless steel plate are cut by laser, and a bottom plate, a pre-hollowed rib plate and two stainless steel cover plates are cut; the bottom plate is provided with a vent hole and a welding air passage;
step 2, surface treatment: wiping the bottom plate, the pre-hollowed rib plate and the stainless steel cover plate obtained in the step 1 with alcohol or acetone, cleaning, wiping off residual liquid with alcohol or acetone, and blow-drying with cold air;
step 3, coating a release agent: coating strippable glue on the bottom plate after surface treatment, planning a diffusion welding area opposite to the pre-hollowed rib plate on the bottom plate after drying, marking and stripping the strippable glue in the area outside the diffusion welding area, then spraying an isolating agent on the area where the strippable glue is stripped and the welding air passage, and stripping all the strippable glue after the spraying of the isolating agent is finished; pasting a covering tape with the thickness of 5-10mm on the periphery of the stainless steel cover plate, spraying a separant on one side surface of the stainless steel cover plate, and stripping the covering tape after spraying is finished;
step 4, combined welding: combining and welding the pre-hollowed rib plate after surface treatment and the base plate after treatment in the step 3, ensuring that an area on the base plate where the separant is not sprayed corresponds to a diffusion welding area of the pre-hollowed rib plate during welding, respectively covering a layer of stainless steel covering plate on the upper surface and the lower surface after welding is finished, ensuring that the surface of the stainless steel covering plate where the separant is sprayed is located on the inner side, sealing edges at the periphery, welding, and welding an air pipe;
step 5, diffusion bonding: positioning and molding the sealed and welded four-layer plate, and vacuumizing to 10 DEG-3Pa, heating and pressurizing to enable the diffusion welding area between the bottom plate and the pre-hollowed rib plate to be in diffusion connection;
step 6, superplastic forming: after diffusion connection, cooling, keeping the pressure of the mold, and introducing argon through an inflation tube to finish superplastic forming;
and 7, post-treatment: and removing the stainless steel shroud plate, and shearing the connecting area to remove the weight reduction area.
Further, the size of the middle bottom plate, the pre-hollowed rib plates and the two stainless steel cover plates in the step 1 is increased by a process section on one side in the component size outline direction, and the process section is used for processing positioning holes matched with the die positioning device for use.
Further, the alloy plate is a titanium alloy plate.
Further, in step 2, the cleaning is performed by using a volume ratio of 1: 6: 13, cleaning with a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid and water.
Further, the alloy plate is a magnesium alloy plate.
Furthermore, in the step 2, the cleaning is performed by using a chromic anhydride solution with the mass fraction of 30%, and then, the acid cleaning is performed by using a dilute nitric acid solution with the concentration of 30%.
Further, the alloy plate is an aluminum alloy plate.
Furthermore, in the step 2, the cleaning is performed by using a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 40g/L and then performing acid washing by using a dilute nitric acid solution with a mass concentration of 30%.
Further, the thickness of the stainless steel plate is 0.8 mm.
Further, the release agent is boron nitride.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention provides a vacuum SPF/DB integrated forming technology based on a shroud plate self-closing structure, which adopts a prefabricated hollow plate to locally reduce weight and realizes the accurate forming of the SPF/DB of a high-temperature alloy under the condition of low performance loss. The invention also has the following advantages:
(1) the method provided by the invention provides a self-closed structure superplastic forming/diffusion bonding method, can realize vacuum protection in the diffusion bonding process, effectively solves the oxidation problem of the thin-wall plate in the thermal forming process in the non-vacuum environment, and can greatly improve the mechanical property of the superplastic formed material. Meanwhile, the method plays an important role in improving the microstructure morphology and the macroscopic mechanical property of the formed component, and can be used for accurately forming the complex component with low performance loss under the condition of low cost.
(2) The invention adopts the prefabricated hollow weight-reducing plate to realize the dual weight reduction of the component on the material thickness and the space structure, and solves the problems that the prior superplastic forming/diffusion connection hollow structure takes continuous plates with equal thickness as raw materials, the thickness of a connection area after forming is the superposition of original materials, and the weight-reducing effect is obviously reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a pre-hollowed rib plate structure;
FIG. 2 is a partial schematic view of the base plate after peeling the peelable glue;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary physical view of the formed member of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the prying weight-reduced area of the formed member according to example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and apparatus used, unless otherwise specified, are conventional in the art and are commercially available to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
firstly, blanking:
the method is characterized in that a Ti60 alloy plate with the laser cutting thickness of 0.8mm is used as a bottom plate, a Ti60 alloy plate with the laser cutting thickness of 0.5mm is used as a pre-hollowed rib plate, a laser cutting stainless steel plate is used as a covering plate, wherein the same contour sizes of the bottom plate, the pre-hollowed rib plate and the covering plate are all process sections with the size of 60mm increased on one side in the contour direction of the component size, and the process sections mainly serve for processing positioning holes, reserving sizes of die sealing grooves and the like. The bottom plate and the pre-hollowed rib plate have the same contour size, so that assembly welding is facilitated. And planning a weight reduction area, a connecting area, a diffusion welding area and a hollow rib grid area on the pre-hollowed rib plate, and cutting as shown in figure 1 to ensure that the space between the diffusion welding area and the weight reduction area of the pre-hollowed rib plate is a hollowed structure except for the connecting area, wherein the size of the connecting area is 0.5mm multiplied by 0.5mm, so that the pre-hollowed rib plate is easy to pick after forming, and the condition that the weight reduction area is prevented from collapsing in the forming process can be met. In order to accurately position the weight reduction area, the diffusion welding area and the hollow structure, a set of mask plates is cut. And processing a vent hole and a welding air channel on the bottom plate.
Secondly, surface treatment:
firstly, removing oil stains on the surface of a plate by using alcohol or acetone, wherein the volume ratio of hydrofluoric acid: nitric acid: water 1: 6: 13, acid washing with a 30% dilute nitric acid solution, removing residual solution from the cleaned plate with alcohol or acetone, and drying with cold air. Note that the sheet surface needs to be protected during the forming process to prevent contamination of the surface.
Thirdly, coating a release agent:
the method comprises the following steps of firstly coating peelable glue on a base plate after surface treatment, then drying, scribing on the base plate by using a mask plate, scribing a diffusion welding area opposite to a pre-hollowed rib plate, and peeling the peelable glue outside the diffusion welding area and in a welding air passage area, as shown in figure 2, spraying a boron nitride isolating agent, and pre-spraying the boron nitride isolating agent on the welding air passage to prevent air passage welding in the superplastic forming process, and peeling off all peelable glue after the spraying of the isolating agent is finished. Adhering a 5-10mm covering belt to the periphery of the stainless steel cover plate, spraying a release agent on one side surface of the stainless steel cover plate, and stripping the covering belt after spraying.
Fourthly, combined welding:
and (3) welding the pre-hollowed rib plate after surface treatment and the base plate after treatment in the step (3) in a combined manner, and ensuring that the region on the base plate where the separant is not sprayed corresponds to the diffusion welding region of the pre-hollowed rib plate during welding so as to prevent deviation. And then covering a layer of stainless steel shroud plate on the upper surface and the lower surface respectively, ensuring that the surface of the stainless steel shroud plate sprayed with the isolating agent is positioned at the inner side, sealing edges at the periphery, welding, and welding an air pipe.
Fifthly, processing and positioning of the process section:
the positioning holes are processed in the four-layer plate process section and matched with the die positioning device, and the positioning holes are located in the process section area, so that air leakage in superplastic forming can not be caused.
Sixthly, gas pressure diffusion connection:
filling the sealed and welded four-layer plate into a mold, and maintaining the vacuum-pumping state of the gas-filled tube with the vacuum degree less than 10-3Pa, heating the plate to 910-930 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, then carrying out pneumatic diffusion connection, keeping the pressure of the mould in the heating process, and filling air pressure from the upper mould after reaching the diffusion connection temperature to enable the plate to face downwardsAnd (4) exhausting by die pasting, so that the plates are pressed to realize diffusion connection under the action of single-side air pressure, wherein the single-side air pressure is 1.5-2MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 2h, so that the connection of the diffusion regions is completed.
Seventhly, superplastic forming:
and (3) performing superplastic forming after the diffusion connection is finished, reducing the temperature to 890-910 ℃, keeping the mold closing pressure, introducing high-pressure argon gas into the middle of the two layers of plates through an inflation tube at the inflation speed of 0.1MPa/5min, performing superplastic forming on the hollow rib grids at the forming pressure of 1.5-2MPa for 1-2h, and performing superplastic forming on the hollow rib grids.
Eighthly, cutting off a process section:
and (3) demolding and taking the part after the forming is finished, cutting off the process section, and removing the stainless steel clad plate, wherein a local real object diagram of the formed component is shown in fig. 3.
Ninthly, stripping a weight reduction area:
directly removing the weight reduction area by prying the connecting area between the weight reduction area and the diffusion area, as shown in figure 4, accurately controlling the precision of the weight reduction area, and completing the superplastic forming/diffusion connection forming of the hollow lightweight structure with the local weight reduction thin-wall complex profile.
Example 2:
the difference between this example and example 1 is: the magnesium alloy plate with the laser cutting thickness of 0.8mm is used as the bottom plate, and the magnesium alloy plate with the laser cutting thickness of 0.5mm is used as the pre-hollowed-out rib plate.
The surface treatment operation process of the corresponding step two is as follows: firstly, removing oil stains on the surface of the plate by using alcohol or acetone, cleaning by using a chromic anhydride solution with the mass fraction of 30%, then carrying out acid pickling by using a 30% dilute nitric acid solution, finally removing the residual solution from the cleaned plate by using alcohol or acetone, and drying by using cold air. Note that the surface of the sheet material also needs to be protected during the forming process to prevent contamination of the surface.
The corresponding six-step air pressure diffusion connection operation process comprises the following steps: filling the sealed and welded four-layer plate into a mold, and maintaining the vacuum-pumping state of the gas-filled tube with the vacuum degree less than 10-3Pa, heating the plate to 450 ℃ at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, carrying out pneumatic diffusion connection, keeping the pressure of the mould in the heating process,and (3) after the diffusion connection temperature is reached, filling air pressure into the upper die, and exhausting the plate material to the lower die attaching die, so that the plate material is pressed under the action of single-side air pressure to realize diffusion connection, wherein the single-side air pressure is 2-3MPa, and the pressure is maintained for 30min, so that the connection of the diffusion regions is completed.
The seven corresponding steps of the superplastic forming operation process are as follows: and (3) performing superplastic forming after the diffusion connection is finished, reducing the temperature to 890-910 ℃, keeping the mold closing pressure, and performing superplastic forming on the hollow rib grids by passing high-pressure argon through an inflation tube between the two layers of plates at the inflation speed of 0.1MPa/5min, wherein the forming pressure is 1.5-2MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 30 min.
The rest of the operation steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the superplastic forming/diffusion connection of the magnesium alloy hollow lightweight structure with the thin-wall complex profile of the magnesium alloy plate is completed.
Example 3:
the difference between this example and example 1 is: and taking an aluminum alloy plate with the laser cutting thickness of 0.8mm as a bottom plate, and taking an aluminum alloy plate with the laser cutting thickness of 0.5mm as a pre-hollowed rib plate.
The surface treatment operation process of the corresponding step two is as follows: firstly, removing oil stains on the surface of the plate by using alcohol or acetone, then carrying out alkali washing by using a 40g/L sodium hydroxide solution, then carrying out acid washing by using a 30% dilute nitric acid solution, finally removing the residual solution from the cleaned plate by using alcohol or acetone, and drying by using cold air. Note that the surface of the sheet material also needs to be protected during the forming process to prevent contamination of the surface.
The corresponding six-step air pressure diffusion connection operation process comprises the following steps: filling the sealed and welded four-layer plate into a mold, and maintaining the vacuum-pumping state of the gas-filled tube with the vacuum degree less than 10-3And Pa, vacuumizing the clad plate to enable the plate to be in argon protection, heating the plate to 500-plus-one temperature of 530 ℃ at the heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, then carrying out pneumatic diffusion connection, keeping the pressure of the mould in the heating process, filling air pressure from the upper mould after the diffusion connection temperature is reached, enabling the plate to be attached to the lower mould and exhausting air, and accordingly enabling the plate to be pressed under the action of single-side air pressure to realize diffusion connection, keeping the single-side air pressure at 5MPa for 2.5h, and completing connection of diffusion zones.
The seven corresponding steps of the superplastic forming operation process are as follows: and (3) performing superplastic forming after the diffusion connection is finished, reducing the temperature to 450 ℃, keeping the mold closing pressure, and performing superplastic forming on the hollow rib grids by passing high-pressure argon through an inflation tube between the two layers of plates at the inflation speed of 0.1MPa/5min, wherein the forming pressure is 2-3MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 0.5-1 h.
The rest of the operation steps are the same as those of the embodiment 1, and the superplastic forming/diffusion connection of the thin-wall complex-profile aluminum alloy hollow lightweight structure of the aluminum alloy plate is completed.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A superplastic forming/diffusion connection forming method for a hollow lightweight structure with a local weight-reduction thin-wall complex profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, blank processing: based on the digital-analog appearance of the thin-wall complex-profile hollow structure, an alloy plate and a stainless steel plate are cut by laser, and a bottom plate, a pre-hollowed rib plate and two stainless steel cover plates are cut; the bottom plate is provided with a vent hole and a welding air passage;
step 2, surface treatment: wiping the bottom plate, the pre-hollowed rib plate and the stainless steel cover plate obtained in the step 1 with alcohol or acetone, cleaning, wiping off residual liquid with alcohol or acetone, and blow-drying with cold air;
step 3, coating a release agent: coating strippable glue on the bottom plate after surface treatment, planning a diffusion welding area opposite to the pre-hollowed rib plate on the bottom plate after drying, marking and stripping the strippable glue in the area outside the diffusion welding area, then spraying an isolating agent on the area where the strippable glue is stripped and the welding air passage, and stripping all the strippable glue after the spraying of the isolating agent is finished; pasting a covering tape with the thickness of 5-10mm on the periphery of the stainless steel cover plate, spraying a separant on one side surface of the stainless steel cover plate, and stripping the covering tape after spraying is finished;
step 4, combined welding: combining and welding the pre-hollowed rib plate after surface treatment and the base plate after treatment in the step 3, ensuring that an area on the base plate where the separant is not sprayed corresponds to a diffusion welding area of the pre-hollowed rib plate during welding, respectively covering a layer of stainless steel covering plate on the upper surface and the lower surface after welding is finished, ensuring that the surface of the stainless steel covering plate where the separant is sprayed is located on the inner side, sealing edges at the periphery, welding, and welding an air pipe;
step 5, diffusion bonding: positioning and molding the sealed and welded four-layer plate, and vacuumizing to 10 DEG-3Pa, heating and pressurizing to enable the diffusion welding area between the bottom plate and the pre-hollowed rib plate to be in diffusion connection;
step 6, superplastic forming: after diffusion connection, cooling, keeping the pressure of the mold, and introducing argon to complete superplastic forming;
and 7, post-treatment: and removing the stainless steel shroud plate, and shearing the connecting area to remove the weight reduction area.
2. The superplastic forming/diffusion bonding forming method for the hollow lightweight structure with the partially weight-reduced thin-wall complex profile according to claim 1, wherein the size of the bottom plate, the pre-hollowed rib plate and the two stainless steel cover plates in step 1 is increased by a process section on one side in the direction of the dimension profile of the component, and the process section is used for processing a positioning hole matched with the mold positioning device.
3. The superplastic forming/diffusion bonding forming method of a hollow lightweight structure with a partially weight-reduced thin-wall complex profile according to claim 1, wherein said alloy plate is a titanium alloy plate.
4. The superplastic forming/diffusion bonding forming method for the hollow lightweight structure with the partially weight-reduced thin-walled complex profile according to claim 3, wherein the cleaning in the step 2 is performed by using a material with a volume ratio of 1: 6: 13, cleaning with a mixed solution of hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid and water.
5. The superplastic forming/diffusion bonding forming method of a hollow lightweight structure with a partially weight-reduced thin-wall complex profile according to claim 1, wherein the alloy plate is a magnesium alloy plate.
6. The superplastic forming/diffusion bonding forming method for forming the hollow lightweight structure with the partially weight-reduced thin-wall complex profile according to claim 5, wherein the cleaning in the step 2 is performed by using a chromic anhydride solution with a mass fraction of 30% and then performing acid washing by using a dilute nitric acid solution with a concentration of 30%.
7. The superplastic forming/diffusion bonding forming method of a hollow lightweight structure with a partially weight-reduced thin-wall complex profile according to claim 1, wherein the alloy plate is an aluminum alloy plate.
8. The superplastic forming/diffusion bonding forming method of a partially weight-reduced thin-walled complex hollow lightweight structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein said cleaning in step 2 is performed by first cleaning with sodium hydroxide solution of 40g/L concentration and then pickling with dilute nitric acid solution of 30% mass concentration.
9. The superplastic forming/diffusion bonding forming method of a hollow lightweight structure with a partially weight-reduced thin-walled complex profile according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the stainless steel plate is 0.8 mm.
10. The superplastic forming/diffusion bonding forming method of a hollow lightweight structure with a partially weight-reduced thin-walled complex profile according to claim 1, wherein said isolating agent is boron nitride.
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| CN114055090A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-02-18 | 北京星航机电装备有限公司 | Pre-hollowed weight-reducing skin panel and forming method thereof |
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| CN115365772A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-11-22 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Preparation method of titanium alloy ribbed plate with complex curved surface and variable wall thickness |
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| CN115283940A (en) * | 2022-04-18 | 2022-11-04 | 中航西安飞机工业集团股份有限公司 | Vacuum superplastic integrated forming method based on shroud plate self-sealing structure |
| CN115365772A (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2022-11-22 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Preparation method of titanium alloy ribbed plate with complex curved surface and variable wall thickness |
| CN115365772B (en) * | 2022-09-23 | 2023-11-07 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | Preparation method of titanium alloy ribbed plate with variable wall thickness of complex curved surface |
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Inventor after: Jiang Shaosong Inventor after: Peng Peng Inventor after: Wu Jiexuan Inventor after: Li Yang Inventor after: Lu Zhen Inventor before: Jiang Shaosong Inventor before: Peng Peng Inventor before: Wu Jiexuan Inventor before: Lu Zhen |