CN112958058A - 活性炭电热解吸系统 - Google Patents

活性炭电热解吸系统 Download PDF

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CN112958058A
CN112958058A CN202110076214.7A CN202110076214A CN112958058A CN 112958058 A CN112958058 A CN 112958058A CN 202110076214 A CN202110076214 A CN 202110076214A CN 112958058 A CN112958058 A CN 112958058A
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activated carbon
heating element
electric heating
desorption
temperature
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顾建
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Jiangsu Kewei Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
    • B01J20/3483—Regenerating or reactivating by thermal treatment not covered by groups B01J20/3441 - B01J20/3475, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
    • B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
    • B01J20/3441—Regeneration or reactivation by electric current, ultrasound or irradiation, e.g. electromagnetic radiation such as X-rays, UV, light, microwaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
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    • B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
    • B01D2259/40088—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating
    • B01D2259/40096—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating by using electrical resistance heating
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Abstract

本发明提供一种活性炭电热解吸系统，在吸附解吸罐中放置有吸附VOC气体的颗粒或纤维状的活性炭，活性炭中预埋电热元件，另设置有能够测量活性炭温度的测温仪器，测温仪器通过信号线连接控制器，电热元件通过控制器连接着电源；解吸时，电热元件先低温加热、再高温加热活性炭，赶走活性炭中吸附的VOC。本发明使得活性炭内部整体发热解吸VOC，优于向吸附罐内通入水蒸气加热活性炭的外表面加热方式。可采用活性炭纤维同时作为电热元件，减低装置成本，提高热转化效率。

Description

活性炭电热解吸系统
技术领域
本发明设计吸附解吸技术。
背景技术
粉末活性炭（PAC）内部微孔结构发达，比表面积达1000~1500m²/g，是一种吸附能力很强的吸附材料。粉末活性炭能够很好地去除相对分子质量为500~3000的有机物，粉末活性炭的水处理可通过单独投加方式或与其他方法（投加高锰酸钾、膜处理、预氯化、预臭氧、投加硅藻土）联用来提高出水水质。
我国每年活性炭（包括粉末碳和颗粒碳）消费量在10万吨以上，且有逐年上升的趋势。
粉末活性炭在水处理领域多是一次性使用，其再生技术一直都难以解决。由于粉末活性炭粒径细小，再生时面临着粉末活性炭含水率高与污泥分离困难等问题。
粉末活性炭吸附水中的污染物后，在改善水质的同时自身也变成有毒有害的固体废物，若处置不当就会造成二次污染。
做吸附材料后，吸附重油很难解吸再生，10-20%的能够重复使用，大部分作为危废回收。
发明内容
发明目的：
提供一种能够高效解吸的活性炭吸附罐、同时活性炭又不会劣化的活性炭电热解吸系统。
技术方案：
在吸附解吸罐中，放置有吸附材料VOC气体的活性炭（颗粒或纤维），活性炭中预埋电热元件，另在设置有能够测量活性炭温度的测温仪器，测温仪器通过信号线连接控制器，电热元件通过控制器连接着电源。
解吸时，控制器先控制电热元件低温加热活性炭发热，通过热膨胀赶走罐体内部的氧气（含油活性炭粉末再生过程均在无氧或隔氧下操作）；接着再高温加热（不高于碳与水的反应温度，活性炭纤维不氧化，避免水与活性炭反应，使得活性炭备氧化失去再吸附左右）赶走活性炭中吸附的VOC（可结合采用通入水蒸气置换VOC，赶VOC，减低可燃风险），回收利用。然后在活性炭上喷水降温，产生的水蒸汽回收利用。
解吸产生的VOC经过燃烧装置燃烧，燃烧产生的热量辅助用于产生水蒸气，回用于加热解吸置换VOC；或者，含油活性炭粉末内油气在高温无氧环境下裂解成清洁小分子可燃气，通过可燃气发电机发电，发电产生的电能回用于电热元件加热。两种方案均可实现油气资源化利用。
优选采用活性炭纤维自身作为吸附材料的同时再作为电热元件（由于炭纤维具有较好的导电性，活性炭纤维电阻率略低于普通炭纤维，电阻率介于铜等良导体与硅等半导体之间，通电后自身会发热，电流较小时不会熔断；炭纤维的两端分别连接电源的正负极，可连接可变电阻器，便于调节电流大小，保证电路在安全电流下工作），吸附材料自身能够快速加热达到所需温度，实现气体脱附。无需利用电热元件间接加热传热给吸附材料，优于其它电热元件提供热源的热效率（接近100%），减小热损耗。利用电源通过控制器控制碳纤维自身通较低电流加热，产生低温发热（低于VOC气体的气化温度），使得罐内温度上升，罐内气体膨胀先赶走吸附罐内的氧气；然后通入较大电流产生较高温度超过VOC气体的气化温度，使得活性炭纤维解吸释放所吸附的VOC。
有益效果：
本项目开发研究含油活性炭粉末再生装置，彻底再生含油活性炭粉末，使再生活性炭粉末恢复吸附能力，重新回收利用；减少环境污染和资源浪费，减轻活性炭粉末消费企业固体废物处理费用，提高企业经济效益。含油活性炭粉末内油气在高温无氧环境下裂解成清洁小分子可燃气，通过可燃气发电机发电，实现油气资源化利用；可燃气发电机排放烟气达标排放。
本发明通过活性炭内部预埋的电热元件，使得活性炭内部整体发热解吸VOC，优于向吸附罐内通入水蒸气加热活性炭的外表面加热方式。采用活性炭纤维同时作为电热元件也优于采用其它电热元件，既减少电热元件的使用，减低装置成本，减小吸附材料占用罐内的空间体积，而且加热自身发热快速，热转化效率高，节约电能消耗。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一种结构示意图；
图中，1-吸附解吸罐外壁；2-废气入口；3-净化气出口；4-电极；5-电源；6-废液出口；7-解吸气入口；8-活性炭纤维。
具体实施方式
如图1所示的一种活性炭电热解吸系统，在吸附解吸罐中，放置有吸附VOC气体的活性炭纤维，既作为吸附材料，同时作为电热元件。活性炭纤维的两侧设置有电源的正负电极，电极两端分别连接外电源正负极，电源通电后发热使得被吸附的废气受热解吸，赶走活性炭中吸附的VOC。

Claims (4)

1.一种活性炭电热解吸系统，在吸附解吸罐中，放置有吸附VOC气体的颗粒或纤维状的活性炭，其特征在于：活性炭中预埋电热元件，另设置有能够测量活性炭温度的测温仪器，测温仪器通过信号线连接控制器，电热元件通过控制器连接着电源；
解吸时，控制器先控制电热元件加热活性炭发热赶走活性炭中吸附的VOC。
2.如权利要求1所述的活性炭电热解吸系统，其特征在于：控制器先控制电热元件低温加热活性炭发热，通过热膨胀赶走罐体内部的氧气；接着再高温加热赶走活性炭中吸附的VOC；然后在活性炭上喷水降温，产生的水蒸汽回收利用。
3.如权利要求1所述的活性炭电热解吸系统，其特征在于：解吸后，含油活性炭粉末内油气在高温无氧环境下裂解成清洁小分子可燃气，通过可燃气发电机发电，发电产生的电能回用于电热元件加热。
4.如权利要求1、2或3所述的活性炭电热解吸系统，其特征在于：活性炭纤维、纤维毡或者纤维布作为吸附材料，同时作为电热元件，炭纤维、纤维毡或者纤维布的两侧设置有电源的正负电极，电极两端分别连接外电源正负极，电源通电后发热使得被吸附的废气受热解吸。
CN202110076214.7A 2021-01-20 2021-01-20 活性炭电热解吸系统 Pending CN112958058A (zh)

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