CN112951606B - Electrolyte for high-voltage bolt capacitor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Electrolyte for high-voltage bolt capacitor and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN112951606B
CN112951606B CN202110104953.2A CN202110104953A CN112951606B CN 112951606 B CN112951606 B CN 112951606B CN 202110104953 A CN202110104953 A CN 202110104953A CN 112951606 B CN112951606 B CN 112951606B
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electrolyte
weight
parts
solvent
solute
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CN112951606A (en
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袁伟刚
马义勋
史忠峰
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
Zhuhai Gree Xinyuan Electronics Co Ltd
Gree Nanjing Xinyuan Electronics Co Ltd
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Gree Electric Appliances Inc of Zhuhai
Zhuhai Gree Xinyuan Electronics Co Ltd
Gree Nanjing Xinyuan Electronics Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01GCAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004Details
    • H01G9/022Electrolytes; Absorbents
    • H01G9/035Liquid electrolytes, e.g. impregnating materials

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an electrolyte for a high-voltage capacitor, which can improve the sparking voltage by selecting polymeric carboxylic acid ammonium salt and 8, 13-dimethyl-8, 12-diene-eicosanedicarboxylic acid ammonium salt as solutes and adopting a reaction product of polyvinyl alcohol with an amide structure and ethylene glycol as a sparking improver. The electrolyte can bear 600V high voltage, is suitable for being used under the conditions of minus 25 ℃ to plus 85 ℃, and has stable performance. And the number of the series-parallel capacitors at the use end can be reduced, so that the cost is greatly reduced, and the volume of the equipment can be reduced.

Description

Electrolyte for high-voltage bolt capacitor and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of bolt capacitor electrolyte, in particular to electrolyte for a high-voltage bolt capacitor and a preparation method of the electrolyte. The electrolyte is suitable for bolt capacitors with the voltage of more than 600V.
Background
Along with the rapid development of social economy, intelligent life is more and more popular, and the machine replaces manpower to work as a necessary trend of future development. The realization of intelligent control requires the vigorous development of equipment such as a servo driver, a frequency converter, a robot controller and the like, and indirectly requires a high-capacity high-voltage capacitor to meet the requirements of the equipment. According to the understanding that the market demand of equipment such as servo drivers, frequency converters, robot controllers and the like is huge, and the high-capacity high-voltage aluminum electrolytic capacitor accounts for about 10% of the overall cost of products such as the servo drivers, the frequency converters, UPS power supplies and the like, so the annual market capacity of the high-capacity high-voltage aluminum electrolytic capacitor in China is about 80 hundred million. At present, the market adopts a series-parallel connection mode of a plurality of groups of low-voltage (mostly 300V or 400V) large-capacity aluminum electrolytic capacitors to meet the equipment requirement, but the cost is higher. If a high-voltage large-capacity capacitor is developed, the number of the series-parallel capacitors can be reduced by half or more, and the cost can be greatly reduced.
At present, the manufacturers of products with high voltage and large capacitance of more than 600V produced in batches in China are few, and the high voltage and large capacitance of more than 600V is in the technical research and development stage. For aluminum electrolytic capacitors, aluminum foils, electrolytic paper and other materials can meet the requirements of 600V or even 700V product design, and the technical difficulty lies in the electrolyte. Therefore, the development of an ultrahigh voltage electrolyte capable of meeting the requirements of the existing high voltage large capacitance product is urgently needed.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide an electrolyte for a high-voltage bolt capacitor, which can bear 600V high voltage and has stable performance and is suitable for mass production and use.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the electrolyte.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention relates to an electrolyte for a high-voltage bolt capacitor, which comprises 20-50 parts by weight of a main solvent, 3-35 parts by weight of an auxiliary solvent, 10-35 parts by weight of a main solute, 3-13 parts by weight of an auxiliary solute, 17-50 parts by weight of a flash fire promoting agent and 1-12 parts by weight of a hydrogen eliminating agent;
the flash fire promoting agent is prepared by reacting polyvinyl alcohol with an amide structure, ethylene glycol and boric acid.
Preferably, the main solvent and the auxiliary solvent are polyol compounds, preferably, the main solvent is ethylene glycol, and the auxiliary solvent is a mixed solvent of glycerol, mannitol and polyethylene glycol. The main solvent has good solubility for solute and additive, and the auxiliary solvent has the functions of increasing the solubility of solute and stabilizing solvent.
Preferably, the main solute is an ammonium salt of a polymeric carboxylic acid. The selected polymeric carboxylic acid ammonium salt has an ultra-long carbon chain, large ionic radius, strong shielding effect and stable chemical performance at high temperature. Can effectively prevent electron avalanche effect, improve flashover voltage and prevent harmful ions from corroding the dielectric film.
Preferably, the co-solute is 8, 13-dimethyl-8, 12-diene-eicosanedioic acid ammonium salt. The main carbon chain of the carboxylic acid ammonium salt contains twenty carbon atoms and is provided with a branched chain, the branched chain can improve the solubility of the carboxylic acid ammonium salt, and the carboxylic acid ammonium salt has steric hindrance effect on the esterification of carboxylic acid, so that the carboxylic acid ammonium salt is not easy to anhydridize and amidate. The high-temperature stability of the electrolyte is improved and the saturated vapor pressure is reduced.
Preferably, the flash fire promoting agent comprises 5-20 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol with an amide structure, 8-20 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 3-10 parts by weight of water and 5-15 parts by weight of boric acid. Among them, a method for producing polyvinyl alcohol having an amide structure is a conventional method, that is, amidation modification of polyvinyl alcohol, for example, copolymerization of a small amount of acrylamide with vinyl acetate as a main component, and vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol as main components in a copolymer (polyvinyl alcohol modification research has been advanced, synthetic fiber industry, vol.28, No. 1, 2005).
Preferably, the preparation method of the flash fire improver comprises the following steps:
and mixing the polyvinyl alcohol with the amide structure, glycol, water and boric acid, and stirring and reacting for 2-6 h at 150-170 ℃ to obtain the flash fire promoting agent.
In the prior art, the common polyvinyl alcohol is usually added to improve the flash fire performance of the electrolyte, and the viscosity of the electrolyte is about 68400 mPa.S. The viscosity of the sparking improver provided by the invention is about 42000mPa.S, and the sparking improver can improve the sparking voltage value and the conductivity of the electrolyte. Compared with the prior art, the sparking improver has lower viscosity, is more beneficial to the impregnation effect of the electrolyte, and has lower loss after being used for a capacitor.
Preferably, the dehydrogenation agent is at least one selected from butyl phosphate, ammonium hypophosphite, nitroacetophenone, silica sol glycol and o-nitroacetophenone. The silica sol glycol is formed by dispersing silica nanoparticles in glycol, and is also called glycol silica sol or glycol nano silica sol.
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the electrolyte, which comprises the steps of mixing the main solvent and the auxiliary solvent, adding the flash promoting agent, then adding the main solute and the auxiliary solute, and finally adding the hydrogen eliminating agent.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
and mixing the main solvent and the auxiliary solvent, heating to 135-150 ℃, adding the flash promoting agent, preserving heat for 50-70 nin, cooling to 100-120 ℃, adding the main solute and the auxiliary solute, preserving heat for 50-70 nin, cooling to 80-100 ℃, adding the hydrogen eliminating agent, preserving heat for 20-40 nin. After the preparation is finished, the electrolyte is cooled to below 60 ℃ for use.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an electrolyte for a high-voltage capacitor, which can improve the sparking voltage by selecting polymeric carboxylic acid ammonium salt and 8, 13-dimethyl-8, 12-diene-eicosanedicarboxylic acid ammonium salt as solutes and adopting a reaction product of polyvinyl alcohol with an amide structure and ethylene glycol as a sparking improver. The electrolyte can bear 600V high voltage, is suitable for being used under the conditions of minus 25 ℃ to plus 85 ℃, and has stable performance. And the number of the series-parallel capacitors at the use end can be reduced, so that the cost is greatly reduced, and the volume of the equipment can be reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be described in detail below. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the examples given herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
Examples
Mixing polyvinyl alcohol with an amide structure, glycol, water and boric acid, and stirring at 160 ℃ to react for 3 hours to obtain the flash fire improver.
Mixing the main solvent and the auxiliary solvent, heating to 140 ℃, adding the flash promoting agent for heat preservation for 60nin, then cooling to 110 ℃, adding the main solute and the auxiliary solute for heat preservation for 60nin, then cooling to 90 ℃, adding the hydrogen eliminating agent for heat preservation for 30 nin. And cooling to below 60 ℃ after preparation is finished to obtain the electrolyte for the high-voltage capacitor. The types and parts by weight of the components were varied to give examples 1-4. The specific types of the components of the electrolyte and the added parts by weight are shown in Table 1.
Among them, ammonium salt of polymeric carboxylic acid, 8, 13-dimethyl-8, 12-diene-eicosanedicarboxylic acid ammonium salt, polyvinyl alcohol having an amide structure and general polyvinyl alcohol are available from Spulin technologies, Inc. of Wuhanhai.
The sparking voltage was determined by immersing the unformed foil strip in an electrolyte over an area of about 1cm 2 And starting a TV tester to read. The conductivity is measured and read by a conductivity tester.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002917016620000041
The raw materials or reaction conditions in example 3 were changed to obtain examples 5 to 10, and the specific settings are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Examples Modified starting materials or reaction conditions
Example 5 No polymeric ammonium carboxylate salt was added.
Example 6 No ammonium salt of 8, 13-dimethyl-8, 12-diene-eicosanedioic acid was added.
Example 7 In the preparation method of the flash fire promoting agent, common polyvinyl alcohol is used for replacing polyvinyl alcohol with an amide structure.
Example 8 In the preparation method of the flash fire promoting agent, the reaction temperature is 140 ℃.
Example 9 In the preparation method of the flash fire promoting agent, the reaction temperature is 150 ℃.
Example 10 In the preparation method of the flash fire promoting agent, the reaction temperature is 180 ℃.
Other parameters of each example were the same as those of example 3 except for the parameters described in table 2.
Comparative examples 1 and 2 are electrolytes for aluminum electrolytic capacitors produced by domestic publicly known manufacturers, and the performances of the electrolytes of the above examples and comparative examples are compared in table 3.
TABLE 3
Figure BDA0002917016620000051
As can be seen from Table 3, the electrolytes of examples 1 to 4 have high conductivity and high sparking voltage.
Example 5 without the addition of ammonium polymeric carboxylate salt and example 6 without the addition of ammonium 8, 13-dimethyl-8, 12-diene-eicosanedicarboxylate salt resulted in electrolytes with reduced conductivity and increased sparking voltage.
In example 7, the conductivity of the electrolyte obtained by using common polyvinyl alcohol instead of polyvinyl alcohol having an amide structure was substantially the same as in examples 1 to 4, and the sparking voltage was reduced.
In examples 8 to 10, the reaction temperature was changed, the conductivity of the electrolyte was increased, and the sparking voltage was decreased. Conductivity and sparking voltage are the main performance parameters of the electrolyte, but in general there is an inverse relationship between conductivity and sparking voltage. The conductivity is high, and the sparking voltage is correspondingly reduced; and the sparking voltage is increased, and the conductivity is reduced. The conductivity affects the loss of the product, and the high-conductivity electrolyte can reduce the loss of the capacitor and improve the ripple current resistance. If the voltage of flashover is higher, the stability of the electrolyte can be ensured.
The electrolytes of example 1, example 3, example 7, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 were used for aluminum electrolytic capacitors having a specification of 600V, 3300. mu.F, and a size of 76.2X 155mm, and tests were conducted at 20 ℃ and a frequency of 120Hz to obtain capacity values and loss percentages of the capacitors, and the results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4
Electrolyte solution C(μF) Loss (%)
Example 1 2918 8.6
Example 3 2900 9.5
Example 7 2912 11.5
Comparative example 1 2921 12.5
Comparative example 2 2910 12.8
Criteria for determination 2640~3960 ≤20%
In the working process of the capacitor, the capacity value fluctuates within +/-20% of the standard value and is normal. The loss percentage is mainly compared, the value is absolutely related to the electrolyte performance, and the smaller the loss value is, the better the electrolyte performance is. It can be seen that the capacitor using the electrolyte of the present invention has lower loss compared to the comparative example, indicating better electrolyte performance.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all the changes or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims (7)

1. The electrolyte for the high-voltage bolt capacitor is characterized by comprising 20-50 parts by weight of a main solvent, 3-35 parts by weight of an auxiliary solvent, 10-35 parts by weight of a main solute, 3-13 parts by weight of an auxiliary solute, 17-50 parts by weight of a flash fire promoting agent and 1-12 parts by weight of a hydrogen eliminating agent;
the auxiliary solute is 8, 13-dimethyl-8, 12-diene-eicosanedioic acid ammonium salt;
the flash fire promoting agent comprises the following raw materials of 5-20 parts by weight of polyvinyl alcohol with an amide structure, 8-20 parts by weight of ethylene glycol, 3-10 parts by weight of water and 5-15 parts by weight of boric acid;
the preparation method of the flash fire promoting agent comprises the following steps: and mixing the polyvinyl alcohol with the amide structure, glycol, water and boric acid, and stirring and reacting for 2-6 h at 150-170 ℃ to obtain the flash fire promoting agent.
2. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the primary solvent and the secondary solvent are polyol compounds.
3. The electrolyte of claim 2, wherein the main solvent is ethylene glycol, and the auxiliary solvent is a mixed solvent of glycerol, mannitol, and polyethylene glycol.
4. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the primary solute is an ammonium polycarboxylate salt.
5. The electrolyte of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen scavenger is selected from at least one of butyl phosphate, ammonium hypophosphite, nitroacetophenone, silica sol ethylene glycol, and o-nitroacetophenone.
6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising mixing the primary and secondary solvents, adding the flash-promoting agent, then adding the primary and secondary solutes, and finally adding the hydrogen scavenger.
7. The method of claim 6, comprising the steps of: mixing the main solvent and the auxiliary solvent, heating to 135-150 ℃, adding the flash promoting agent, preserving heat for 50-70 nin, cooling to 100-120 ℃, adding the main solute and the auxiliary solute, preserving heat for 50-70 nin, cooling to 80-100 ℃, adding the hydrogen eliminating agent, preserving heat for 20-40 nin, and cooling the electrolyte to below 60 ℃ after preparation.
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CN114420455A (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-04-29 珠海格力新元电子有限公司 Sparking voltage improver, preparation method thereof and electrolyte
CN114678220B (en) * 2022-04-13 2024-09-06 珠海格力新元电子有限公司 Soldering lug type aluminum electrolytic capacitor

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102969161A (en) * 2012-12-18 2013-03-13 南通新三能电子有限公司 Electrolyte for driving of aluminum electrolytic capacitor and preparation method of main solute of electrolyte
CN106252079A (en) * 2016-08-31 2016-12-21 湖南艾华集团股份有限公司 A kind of electrolyte of 700V high-pressure aluminum electrolytic capacitor
CN106683888A (en) * 2016-10-31 2017-05-17 丰宾电子(深圳)有限公司 Low temperature-resisting aluminum electrolytic capacitor electrolyte and preparation method thereof
CN108538590A (en) * 2018-04-09 2018-09-14 苏州松控电子科技有限公司 A kind of electrolyte for aluminum electrolytic capacitor and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102969161A (en) * 2012-12-18 2013-03-13 南通新三能电子有限公司 Electrolyte for driving of aluminum electrolytic capacitor and preparation method of main solute of electrolyte
CN106252079A (en) * 2016-08-31 2016-12-21 湖南艾华集团股份有限公司 A kind of electrolyte of 700V high-pressure aluminum electrolytic capacitor
CN106683888A (en) * 2016-10-31 2017-05-17 丰宾电子(深圳)有限公司 Low temperature-resisting aluminum electrolytic capacitor electrolyte and preparation method thereof
CN108538590A (en) * 2018-04-09 2018-09-14 苏州松控电子科技有限公司 A kind of electrolyte for aluminum electrolytic capacitor and preparation method thereof

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