CN112950023A - Method and device for on-line monitoring switch equipment - Google Patents
Method and device for on-line monitoring switch equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for monitoring switch equipment on line, which realize data preprocessing by filtering a real-time mechanical characteristic curve, can reduce the calculated amount of data, is beneficial to subsequent data processing and occupies small data memory. In addition, because the similarity of the curves is compared, the similarity is not influenced by whether the number of the sampling points of the compared curves is the same, whether the time delay exists or not and whether the abscissa is consistent or not.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power systems, in particular to a method and a device for monitoring switch equipment on line.
Background
Medium voltage switchgear equipment is the equipment that opens and shuts, control and protection power consumption in the electric power system, needs to guarantee its normal operating. In the prior art, some factories adopt an online monitoring mode, namely, a certain part in a switch cabinet is monitored in real time, and the fault of the part is discovered in time. Therefore, how to analyze data acquired during online monitoring and timely find a fault is a problem that needs to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for on-line monitoring a switchgear, including: acquiring a real-time mechanical characteristic curve of a monitored component, wherein the real-time mechanical characteristic curve has m sampling points, the monitored component has a preset reference mechanical characteristic curve, and the reference mechanical characteristic curve is acquired by the monitored component in a normal working state, and the method further comprises the following steps:
reserving a 1 st sampling point and an m sampling point of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve;
taking a 1 st sampling point of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve as an initial first reference point;
assigning the value of f to 1;
acquiring an absolute value of a difference value between an i + f sampling point in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the first reference point as a first absolute value, wherein the i sampling point represents the first reference point;
determining whether the (i + f) th sampling point and the (i + f-1) th sampling point are reserved according to the first absolute value;
if the determination result is yes, taking the (i + f) th sampling point as an updated first reference point, returning to execute the operation of assigning the value of f as 1 until the absolute value of the difference value between the (m-1) th sampling point and the first reference point is obtained as a first absolute value, and determining whether the (m-1) th sampling point and the (m-2) th sampling point are reserved according to the first absolute value;
taking a curve formed by all reserved sampling points as a filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve;
and determining the similarity of the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve, and determining whether the monitored component has a fault according to the similarity.
The method as described above, optionally, further comprising:
if the determination result is negative, updating the value of f to f +1, and returning to execute the operation of acquiring the absolute value of the difference value between the i + f-th sampling point in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the first reference point as a first absolute value.
According to the method, before acquiring an absolute value of a difference value between an i + f-th sampling point in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the first reference point as a first absolute value, optionally, the method further includes:
acquiring an original reference mechanical characteristic curve of a monitored component in a normal working state, wherein the reference mechanical characteristic curve is provided with n sampling points;
reserving a 1 st sampling point and an nth sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve;
taking the 1 st sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve as an initial second reference point;
assigning the value of s to 1;
acquiring an absolute value of a difference value between the j + s-th sampling point in the reference mechanical characteristic curve and the second reference point as a second absolute value, wherein the j-th sampling point represents the second reference point;
determining whether the j + s th sampling point and the j + s-1 th sampling point are reserved according to the second absolute value;
if the determination result is yes, taking the j + s th sampling point as an updated second reference point, returning to execute the operation of assigning the value of s as 1 until a first absolute value of the difference value between the (n-1) th sampling point and the first reference point is obtained, and determining whether to reserve the (n-1) th sampling point and the (n-2) th sampling point according to the first absolute value;
and taking the curve formed by all the reserved sampling points as a final reference mechanical characteristic curve.
According to the method as described above, optionally, determining whether to retain the j + s th sampling point and the j + s-1 th sampling point according to the second absolute value comprises:
judging whether the second absolute value corresponding to the j + s th sampling point is larger than or equal to a filtering threshold value or not;
if yes, keeping the j + s th sampling point and the j + s-1 th sampling point.
According to the method as described above, optionally, determining whether to retain the (i + f) th sample point and the (i + f-1) th sample point according to the absolute value comprises:
determining whether the absolute value corresponding to the (i + f) th sampling point is greater than or equal to a filtering threshold;
if the determination result is yes, the (i + f) th sampling point and the (i + f-1) th sampling point are reserved.
According to the method described above, optionally, determining the similarity between the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the filtered reference mechanical characteristic curve comprises:
determining a first minimum Euclidean distance between each sampling point of the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and a reference mechanical characteristic curve;
if the first minimum Euclidean distance is larger than or equal to a first preset threshold value, determining a sampling point corresponding to the first minimum Euclidean distance as a first recording point;
acquiring a first weight value according to the number of the first recording points and the minimum Euclidean distance corresponding to each first recording point;
determining a second minimum Euclidean distance between each sampling point of the filtered reference mechanical characteristic curve and the real-time mechanical characteristic curve;
if the second minimum Euclidean distance is larger than or equal to a second preset threshold value, determining a sampling point corresponding to the second minimum Euclidean distance as a second recording point;
acquiring a second weight value according to the number of the second recording points and the minimum Euclidean distance corresponding to each second recording point;
and determining the similarity between the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve according to the first weight value and the second weight value.
According to the method as described above, optionally,
determining the first weight value dW1 according to the following formula:
determining the second weight value dw2 according to the following formula:
According to the method as described above, optionally w (t) 1/t, w (k) 1/k.
The invention also provides a device for on-line monitoring of switchgear, comprising:
a first acquiring unit, configured to acquire a real-time mechanical characteristic curve of a monitored component, the real-time mechanical characteristic curve having m sampling points, the monitored component having a preset reference mechanical characteristic curve, the reference mechanical characteristic curve being acquired by the monitored component in a normal operating state;
the device further comprises:
a retaining unit for retaining the 1 st sampling point and the m th sampling point of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve;
an initial reference point unit, which is used for taking the 1 st sampling point of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve as an initial first reference point;
an assigning unit for assigning the value of f to 1;
a second obtaining unit, configured to obtain an absolute value of a difference between an i + f-th sampling point in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the first reference point as a first absolute value, where the i-th sampling point represents the first reference point;
a first determining unit, configured to determine whether to reserve the (i + f) th sampling point and the (i + f-1) th sampling point according to the first absolute value, and if the determination result is yes, trigger a first updating unit;
the first updating unit is used for taking the (i + f) th sampling point as an updated first reference point and triggering the assignment unit until an absolute value of a difference value between the (m-1) th sampling point and the first reference point is obtained as a first absolute value and determining whether the (m-1) th sampling point and the (m-2) th sampling point are reserved according to the first absolute value;
a forming unit, which is used for taking the curve formed by all the reserved sampling points as the real-time mechanical characteristic curve after filtering;
and the second determining unit is used for determining the similarity between the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve and determining whether the monitored component has a fault according to the similarity.
The apparatus as described above, optionally, further comprising:
and the second updating unit is used for triggering the second acquiring unit after the value of f is updated to f + 1.
The apparatus according to the above, optionally,
the first acquisition unit is also used for acquiring an original reference mechanical characteristic curve of the monitored component in a normal working state, and the reference mechanical characteristic curve is provided with n sampling points;
the reserving unit is also used for reserving the 1 st sampling point and the nth sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve;
the initial reference point unit is also used for taking the 1 st sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve as an initial second reference point;
the assigning unit is further configured to assign the value of s to 1;
the second acquiring unit is further configured to acquire an absolute value of a difference between a j + s-th sampling point in the reference mechanical characteristic curve and the second reference point as a second absolute value, where the j-th sampling point represents the second reference point;
the first determining unit is further configured to determine whether to reserve the j + s th sampling point and the j + s-1 th sampling point according to the second absolute value, and if the determination result is yes, trigger the first updating unit;
the first updating unit is also used for taking the j + s sampling point as an updated second reference point and triggering the assignment unit until a first absolute value of the difference value between the (n-1) th sampling point and the first reference point is obtained and whether the (n-1) th sampling point and the (n-2) th sampling point are reserved is determined according to the first absolute value;
the composition unit is also used for taking a curve formed by all the reserved sampling points as a final reference mechanical characteristic curve.
According to the apparatus as described above, optionally, the first determining unit is specifically configured to:
judging whether the second absolute value corresponding to the j + s th sampling point is larger than or equal to a filtering threshold value or not;
if yes, keeping the j + s th sampling point and the j + s-1 th sampling point.
According to the apparatus as described above, optionally, the first determining unit is specifically configured to:
determining whether the absolute value corresponding to the (i + f) th sampling point is greater than or equal to a filtering threshold;
if the determination result is yes, the (i + f) th sampling point and the (i + f-1) th sampling point are reserved.
According to the apparatus as described above, optionally, the second determining unit specifically includes:
a first determining subunit, configured to determine a first minimum euclidean distance between each sampling point of the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve;
a second determining subunit, configured to determine, if a first minimum euclidean distance is greater than or equal to a first preset threshold, that a sampling point corresponding to the first minimum euclidean distance is a first recording point;
a first obtaining subunit, configured to obtain a first weight value according to the number of the first recording points and a minimum euclidean distance corresponding to each of the first recording points;
a third determining subunit, configured to determine a second minimum euclidean distance between each sampling point of the filtered reference mechanical characteristic curve and the real-time mechanical characteristic curve;
a fourth determining subunit, configured to determine, if a second minimum euclidean distance is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold, that a sampling point corresponding to the second minimum euclidean distance is a second recording point;
a second obtaining subunit, configured to obtain a second weight value according to the number of the second recording points and the minimum euclidean distance corresponding to each of the second recording points;
and the fifth determining subunit is used for determining the similarity between the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve according to the first weight value and the second weight value.
The apparatus according to the above, optionally,
the first obtaining subunit is specifically configured to:
determining the first weight value dW1 according to the following formula:
the second obtaining subunit is specifically configured to:
determining the second weight value dw2 according to the following formula:
The invention also provides an apparatus for on-line monitoring of a switchgear, the switchgear comprising a plurality of monitored components, the apparatus comprising:
at least one memory for storing instructions;
at least one processor configured to execute a method of on-line monitoring of a switchgear device according to any of the above in accordance with instructions stored in the memory.
The invention also provides a readable storage medium having stored therein machine readable instructions which, when executed by a machine, perform a method of on-line monitoring of a switchgear device according to any of the above.
According to the scheme, the data are preprocessed by filtering the real-time mechanical characteristic curve, so that the calculated amount of the data can be reduced, the subsequent data processing is facilitated, and the occupied data memory is small. In addition, because the similarity of the curves is compared, the similarity is not influenced by whether the number of the sampling points of the compared curves is the same, whether the time delay exists or not and whether the abscissa is consistent or not.
Drawings
The foregoing and other features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art to which the invention relates upon consideration of the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a flow chart illustrating a method for on-line monitoring a switchgear according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for on-line monitoring a switchgear according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for monitoring a switchgear on line according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for on-line monitoring a switchgear according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail by referring to the following examples.
In the present invention, a real-time mechanical characteristic curve of the monitored component needs to be obtained. For example, a handcart in a switch cabinet can measure the voltage value of the handcart in real time through a sensor in the process of moving the handcart from an experimental position to a working position, and a curve formed by a plurality of voltage values is used as a real-time mechanical characteristic curve; the monitored component may also be a driving shaft in the switch cabinet, specifically, a current value corresponding to the movement of the driving shaft from the closing position to the opening position may be monitored, and a curve formed by the plurality of current values may be used as a real-time mechanical characteristic curve. That is, a real-time mechanical characteristic curve is defined as a curve composed of a plurality of sampling points corresponding to one operation of the monitored component. The monitored component is also corresponding to a preset reference mechanical characteristic curve, and the reference mechanical characteristic curve is a mechanical characteristic curve when the monitored component works normally.
Example one
The embodiment provides a method for monitoring a switch device on line, and the execution subject of the method is a device for monitoring the switch device on line, and the device can be integrated in a relay protection device.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for monitoring a switchgear on line according to the present embodiment. The method comprises the following steps:
The monitored component can be set according to actual needs, for example, a handcart, a control shaft, a grounding switch, an energy storage motor, a switching-on/off coil and the like of a switch cabinet, and is not described herein again. The real-time mechanical characteristic curve refers to a curve corresponding to the monitored component in the moving process, and can be obtained through wave recording. The characteristic is, for example, current, voltage or vibration. The real-time mechanical characteristic curve is a curve formed by a plurality of sampling points, and the curve can be a curve of a complete action, for example, when the handcart moves from one position to another position, and the control shaft rotates from one position to another position, the complete action is realized.
In addition, the monitored component has a predetermined reference mechanical characteristic curve. The reference mechanical characteristic curve is obtained by the monitored component under normal working condition, and the attribute of the reference mechanical characteristic curve is consistent with the real-time mechanical characteristic curve, such as current, voltage or vibration. The reference mechanical characteristic curve is formed by a plurality of sampling points, such as a curve of a complete action, for example, when the handcart moves from one position to another position, and the control shaft rotates from one position to another position, the complete action is realized.
The abscissa of each curve may be time and the ordinate may be an attribute value. The difference between the sampling points is the difference in the properties, for example the difference in voltage or the difference in current.
And 101, reserving the 1 st sampling point and the m th sampling point of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve.
The 1 st sampling point and the m th sampling point are reserved to enable the duration of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve to be consistent with the duration of the reference mechanical characteristic curve, so that the situation that the monitoring result has errors due to the fact that the profiles of the two curves are inconsistent because the 1 st sampling point or the m th sampling point is removed can be avoided.
That is, the 1 st sampling point and the last 1 sampling point should be retained regardless of the subsequent determination result.
And 102, taking the 1 st sampling point of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve as an initial first reference point.
The real-time mechanical characteristic curve is provided with m sampling points, and according to the acquisition time, the earliest acquired sampling point is used as a first reference point.
In step 103, the value of f is set to 1.
The value of f can be regarded as an initial value, and if the step 103 is not triggered any more subsequently, the value of f is changed according to the subsequent operation, and if the step 103 is triggered again subsequently, the value of f is still assigned to 1. The purpose of this f assignment is to enable the f value in step 104 to have a specific value.
It should be noted that step 103 is not in sequence with step 101 and step 102.
And 104, acquiring an absolute value of a difference value between the (i + f) th sampling point in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the first reference point as a first absolute value, wherein the (i) th sampling point represents the first reference point.
In this embodiment, the number of sampling points of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve is m. In the case where the 1 st sampling point is the first reference point, the absolute value between the differences of the 2 nd sampling point and the 1 st sampling point is first acquired. Since the sampling points themselves are values representing properties, such as current, voltage, amplitude difference, etc., the difference between the sampling points is the current difference, the voltage difference, or the amplitude difference, etc
And 105, determining whether the (i + f) th sampling point and the (i + f-1) th sampling point are reserved according to the first absolute value, and if so, executing the step 106.
Specifically, it may be determined whether a first absolute value corresponding to the i + f-th sampling point is greater than or equal to a filtering threshold, and if the determination result is yes, the i + f-th sampling point and the i + f-1-th sampling point are retained. And if the determination result is negative, not reserving the (i + f) th sampling point. The filtering threshold is preset, and can be specifically set according to actual needs. This step 105 may be performed immediately after the step 104 is completely performed. It can be appreciated that if the (i + f-1) th sample point has been retained, it need not be retained again. The i + f sampling points and the sampling points before the sampling points are reserved so that the profile of the curve is consistent with the original curve shape as much as possible. The non-reservation here means that the reservation is not performed, which does not mean that the i + f th sample point is discarded and may be reserved later.
This step enables retention of the characteristic data on the basis of the reduction of the data.
If the determination of step 105 is negative, the following operations may be selected:
and after the value of f is updated to f +1, returning to execute the operation of acquiring the first absolute value of the difference value of the i + f-th sampling point and the first reference point in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve.
This step is to increase the value of f by 1 and then assign f.
For example, in step 103, the initial value of f is 1, step 104 obtains the absolute value of the difference between the 2 nd sampling point and the 1 st sampling point, if the determination result according to the absolute value is no, the 2 nd sampling point and the 1 st sampling point are not retained, and the value of f is updated to 2, and step 104 is executed. Since the 1 st sample point has already been retained, the 1 st sample point is retained even if the determination of step 105 is negative. It should be noted that not keeping the 2 nd sampling point and the 1 st sampling point does not mean deleting the two sampling points, but the two sampling points are not kept in currently, and may be kept in later. And after the determination result is negative, calculating the absolute value of the difference value between the 3 rd sampling point and the 1 st sampling point, and determining whether to reserve the 3 rd sampling point and the 2 nd sampling point according to the absolute value. If the determination is yes, step 106 is performed. If the determination result is no, updating the value of f to 3, calculating the absolute value of the difference between the 4 th sampling point and the 1 st sampling point, and determining whether to reserve the 4 th sampling point and the 5 th sampling point according to the absolute value of the difference. And so on, if it is determined that the corresponding sampling point and the previous sampling point need to be reserved, step 106 is executed.
And 106, taking the (i + f) th sampling point as an updated first reference point, and returning to execute the step 103 until a first absolute value of the difference value between the (m-1) th sampling point and the first reference point is obtained, and determining whether the (m-1) th sampling point and the (m-2) th sampling point are reserved according to the first absolute value.
For example, it is current that the 1 st sample point is taken as the first reference point, and if the determination result of step 105 is yes, step 106 takes the 2 nd sample point as the first reference point, and performs the operation of step 105. If the determination result is still yes, then the 3 rd sampling point is used as the first reference point, and the operation of step 105 is executed; if the determination result is negative, a first absolute value of a difference value between the 5 th sampling point and the 3 rd sampling point which is currently used as the first reference point can be obtained, whether the 5 th sampling point is reserved or not is determined according to the first absolute value, and if the determination result is positive, the 5 th sampling point is updated to be the first reference point.
And thus, until the absolute value between the 2 nd sampling point and the first reference point is obtained, and whether the 2 nd sampling point and the 3 rd sampling point are reserved or not is determined according to the absolute value.
And step 107, taking the curve formed by all the reserved sampling points as the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve.
That is, the dashed line formed by all the sampling points on which the retention operation is performed is used as the filtered real-time characteristic curve.
And step 108, determining the similarity between the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve, and determining whether the monitored component has a fault according to the similarity.
Specifically, in the case where the similarity is 100%, it is indicated that the monitored component is not malfunctioning; and in the case that the similarity is less than or equal to a threshold value, indicating that the monitored component has a fault.
Alternatively, the reference mechanical characteristic curve of the present embodiment is also generated through the filtering operation as in steps 101 to 106. The method comprises the following specific steps:
acquiring a reference mechanical characteristic curve of a monitored component in a normal operation state, wherein the reference operation curve is provided with n sampling points;
reserving a 1 st sampling point and an nth sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve;
taking the 1 st sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve as an initial second reference point;
assigning the value of s to 1;
acquiring an absolute value of a difference value between a j + s-th sampling point and a second reference point in the reference mechanical characteristic curve as a second absolute value, wherein the j-th sampling point represents the second reference point;
determining whether the absolute value corresponding to the j + s sampling point is greater than or equal to a threshold value, if so, reserving the j + s sampling point and the j + s-1 sampling point;
determining whether the j + s sampling point and the j + s-1 sampling point are reserved according to the second absolute value, if so, taking the j + s sampling point as an updated second reference point, returning to execute the operation of assigning the value of s as 1 until a first absolute value of the difference value between the n-1 sampling point and the first reference point is obtained, and determining whether the n-1 sampling point and the n-2 sampling point are reserved according to the first absolute value;
and taking the curve formed by all the reserved sampling points as a final reference mechanical characteristic curve.
Wherein determining whether to retain the j + s th sample point and the j + s-1 th sample point according to the second absolute value comprises:
judging whether a second absolute value corresponding to the j + s th sampling point is greater than or equal to a filtering threshold value or not;
if yes, keeping the j + s th sampling point and the j + s-1 th sampling point.
In this way, the reference mechanical characteristic curve generated by the filtering operation is also reduced in data amount. The process of processing the reference operating curve is actually similar to the process of filtering the real-time mechanical characteristic curve, and the purpose of the process is to reserve characteristic points on the basis of reducing the data volume.
According to the method for monitoring the switch equipment on line, the real-time mechanical characteristic curve is filtered, so that data preprocessing is realized, the calculated amount of the data can be reduced, the subsequent data processing is facilitated, and the occupied data memory is small. In addition, because the similarity of the curves is compared, the similarity is not influenced by whether the number of the sampling points of the compared curves is the same, whether the time delay exists or not and whether the abscissa is consistent or not.
Example two
This embodiment further supplements the method for monitoring a switchgear on line according to the first embodiment.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for monitoring a switchgear on line of the present embodiment includes:
This step is the same as step 101 and will not be described herein.
In this embodiment, the reference mechanical characteristic curve may be generated as follows:
acquiring a reference operating curve of a monitored component in a normal working state, wherein the reference mechanical characteristic curve is provided with n sampling points;
reserving a 1 st sampling point and an nth sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve;
taking the 1 st sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve as an initial second reference point;
assigning the value of s to 1;
acquiring an absolute value of a difference value between a j + s-th sampling point in the reference mechanical characteristic curve and a second reference point as a second absolute value, wherein the j-th sampling point represents the second reference point;
and determining whether the j + s sampling point and the j + s-1 sampling point are reserved according to the second absolute value, if so, taking the j + s sampling point as an updated second reference point, returning to execute the operation of assigning the value of f as 1 until a first absolute value of the difference value between the n-1 sampling point and the first reference point is obtained, determining whether the n-1 sampling point and the n-2 sampling point are reserved according to the first absolute value, and taking a curve formed by all the reserved sampling points as a final reference mechanical characteristic curve.
Optionally, determining whether to retain the j + s th sample point and the j + s-1 th sample point according to the second absolute value comprises:
judging whether a second absolute value corresponding to the j + s th sampling point is greater than or equal to a filtering threshold value or not;
if yes, keeping the j + s th sampling point and the j + s-1 th sampling point.
How to generate the reference mechanical characteristic curve is consistent with the previous embodiment, and is not described herein again.
This step is identical to step 101 and will not be described herein.
This step is identical to step 102 and will not be described herein.
In step 203, the value of f is set to 1.
The sequence of step 203 and the aforementioned steps can be adjusted, and this embodiment only shows one of the sequences.
Where the ith sample point represents the first reference point and the value of f is initially 1.
This step is identical to step 104 and will not be described herein.
This step is identical to step 105 and will not be described herein.
Determining whether a first absolute value of a difference value between the (m-1) th sampling point and the first reference point is obtained or not, and determining whether the (m-1) th sampling point and the (m-2) th sampling point are reserved according to the first absolute value in various ways, for example, directly determining whether the i + f sampling points in the step 203 executed at the last time are the (m-1) th sampling points or not; or, it is determined whether the updated first reference point is the m-1 st point in step 207, and if it is determined that the updated first reference point is the m-1 st point, the operation of obtaining the absolute value of the difference between the m-1 st sampling point and the first reference point as the first absolute value may be determined.
For example, if the current first reference point is the 1 st sampling point, the step 207 uses the 2 nd sampling point as the updated first reference point, and then returns to perform the operation of the step 204, that is, the absolute value of the difference between the 3 rd sampling point and the 2 nd sampling point is used as the first absolute value, and the step 205 is continuously performed. It should be noted that, step 207 and step 206 are not in sequence, for example, the operation of taking the i + f-th sampling point as the updated first reference point in step 207 may be executed first, step 206 is executed immediately, and then step 204 or step 209 is determined according to the determination result, which may be specifically set according to actual needs.
And step 208, updating the value of f to f +1, and returning to execute step 204.
For example, if the step 204 is executed to obtain the absolute value of the difference between the 2 nd sampling point and the 1 st sampling point in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve, and the determination result in the step 205 is negative, the step 207 obtains the absolute value of the difference between the 3 rd sampling point and the 1 st sampling point in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve and executes the step 205, and if the determination result is still negative, the absolute value of the difference between the lower 4 sampling points in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the 1 st sampling point are obtained and executes the step 205. If it is determined that the 3 rd sampling point and the 2 nd sampling point need to be reserved according to the absolute value of the difference between the 3 rd sampling point and the 1 st sampling point, step 206 is executed, the 3 rd sampling point in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve is taken as a first reference point, the absolute value of the difference between the 4 th sampling point and the 3 rd sampling point is obtained, and then whether the 4 th sampling point and the 3 rd sampling point are reserved or not is continuously judged. And so on.
Step 209 is to use the curve formed by all the retained sampling points as the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve, and execute step 210.
The first minimum euclidean distance between one sampling point of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve can be obtained as follows: and acquiring Euclidean distances between the sampling point on the real-time mechanical characteristic curve and each sampling point on the reference mechanical characteristic curve, and selecting the smallest one of the Euclidean distances as a first smallest Euclidean distance between the sampling point and the reference mechanical characteristic curve. Each sampling point of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve corresponds to a first minimum Euclidean distance.
The first preset threshold may be determined according to actual needs, and is not described herein.
In this embodiment, the first weight value dW1 may be determined by the following formula:
The second minimum euclidean distance between one sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve and the real-time mechanical characteristic curve can be obtained as follows: and acquiring Euclidean distances between the sampling point on the reference mechanical characteristic curve and each sampling point on the real-time mechanical characteristic curve, and selecting the smallest one of the Euclidean distances as a second smallest Euclidean distance between the sampling point and the real-time mechanical characteristic curve. Each sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve corresponds to a second minimum Euclidean distance.
In this embodiment, the second weight value dw2 may be determined by the following formula:
It should be noted that, the step 210 and the step 211 are not in sequence, the step 210 may be executed first and then the step 211 is executed, or the steps may be executed simultaneously, which is not described in detail again.
For example, the larger one of the first weight value and the second weight value is used as a comparison weight value, if the comparison weight value is 0, the similarity is 100%, and if the comparison weight value is greater than or equal to a third preset threshold, the similarity is 0. If the comparison weight value is greater than 0 and less than a third preset threshold, linear fitting is performed according to the weight values of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve to obtain a curve between the similarity and the weight value, and then the similarity is determined according to the curve and the weight. For example, the abscissa of a coordinate system is set as the similarity, the ordinate of the coordinate system is set as the comparison weight value, the similarity is 0, the comparison weight value is a third preset threshold value and is taken as one end of a line segment, the similarity is 100%, the comparison weight value is 0 and is taken as the other end of the line segment, and when the comparison weight value is greater than 0 and less than the third preset threshold value, the similarity is determined according to the line segment on the coordinate system.
And step 213, determining whether the monitored component has a fault according to the similarity.
For example, if the similarity is 100%, the monitored component does not fail. If the similarity is 0 or less than a threshold, the monitored component fails. The threshold value can be set according to actual needs.
In practical applications, if the monitored component is a grounding switch of a switch cabinet, the sampling point of the mechanical characteristic curve can be reduced from 20000 to more than 1000 in the filtering operations from step 201 to step 209, so that the subsequent processing operations are greatly reduced.
In the embodiment, the abnormal points of the data can be selected sensitively by calculating the weight distance of the data, so that the abnormal state of the monitored component can be accurately judged according to the abnormal points, and omission is avoided. Secondly, because weight superposition is carried out on a plurality of abnormal points, the superposition effect is closer to a real result, and the result deviation is not larger due to the uncertainty of a single abnormal point.
EXAMPLE III
The present embodiment provides an apparatus for online monitoring of a switchgear, which is used for implementing the method for online monitoring of a switchgear according to the first embodiment, and the apparatus for online monitoring of a switchgear may be integrated into a relay protection apparatus, or may be separately provided, and is not limited herein.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for on-line monitoring a switchgear according to the present embodiment. The device for online monitoring of a switchgear comprises a first acquisition unit 300, a retention unit 301, an initial reference point unit 302, an assignment unit 303, a second acquisition unit 304, a first determination unit 305, a first update unit 306, a construction unit 307 and a second determination unit 308.
The first acquiring unit 300 is configured to acquire a real-time mechanical characteristic curve of a monitored component, where the real-time mechanical characteristic curve has m sampling points, the monitored component has a preset reference mechanical characteristic curve, and the reference mechanical characteristic curve is acquired by the monitored component in a normal operating state; the retaining unit 301 is configured to retain a 1 st sampling point and an m th sampling point of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve; the initial reference point unit 302 is configured to use the 1 st sampling point of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve as an initial first reference point; the assigning unit 303 is configured to assign the value of f to 1; the second obtaining unit 304 is configured to obtain an absolute value of a difference between an i + f-th sampling point in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the first reference point as a first absolute value, where the i-th sampling point represents the first reference point; the first determining unit 305 is configured to determine whether to reserve the (i + f) th sampling point and the (i + f-1) th sampling point according to the first absolute value, and if the determination result is yes, trigger a first updating unit 306; the first updating unit 306 is configured to use the (i + f) th sampling point as an updated first reference point, and trigger the assigning unit 303 until an absolute value of a difference between the (m-1) th sampling point and the first reference point is obtained as a first absolute value, and determine whether to reserve the (m-1) th sampling point and the (m-2) th sampling point according to the first absolute value; the forming unit 307 is configured to use a curve formed by all the reserved sampling points as a filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve; the second determining unit 308 is configured to determine similarity between the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve, and determine whether the monitored component is faulty according to the similarity.
Alternatively, the reference characteristic curve may be stored in the second determination unit 308 in advance, or may be stored in other storage units as long as the reference characteristic curve can be acquired by the second determination unit when necessary.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3, the apparatus of this embodiment further includes a second updating unit 309, and in a case that the determination structure of the first determining unit 305 is negative, the second updating unit 309 is configured to trigger the second obtaining unit 304 after updating the value of f to f + 1.
Optionally, the first obtaining unit 300 of this embodiment is further configured to obtain an original reference mechanical characteristic curve of the monitored component in a normal operating state, where the reference mechanical characteristic curve has n sampling points; the retaining unit 301 is further configured to retain the 1 st sampling point and the nth sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve; the initial reference point unit 302 is further configured to use the 1 st sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve as an initial second reference point; the assigning unit 303 is further configured to assign the value of s to 1; the second obtaining unit 304 is further configured to obtain an absolute value of a difference between a j + s-th sampling point in the reference mechanical characteristic curve and the second reference point as a second absolute value, where the j-th sampling point represents the second reference point; the first determining unit 305 is further configured to determine whether to reserve the j + s th sampling point and the j + s-1 th sampling point according to the second absolute value, and if the determination result is yes, trigger the first updating unit 306; the first updating unit 306 is further configured to use the j + s-th sampling point as an updated second reference point, and trigger the assignment 303 until a first absolute value of a difference between the (n-1) th sampling point and the first reference point is obtained, and determine whether to reserve the (n-1) th sampling point and the (n-2) th sampling point according to the first absolute value; the forming unit 307 is further configured to use a curve formed by all the remaining sampling points as a final reference mechanical characteristic curve.
Optionally, the first determining unit 305 is specifically configured to:
judging whether a second absolute value corresponding to the j + s th sampling point is greater than or equal to a filtering threshold value or not;
if yes, keeping the j + s th sampling point and the j + s-1 th sampling point.
Optionally, the first determining unit 305 is specifically configured to:
determining whether the absolute value corresponding to the (i + f) th sampling point is greater than or equal to a filtering threshold value;
if the determination result is yes, the (i + f) th sampling point and the (i + f-1) th sampling point are reserved.
The working method of each unit of this embodiment is the same as that of the previous embodiment, and is not described herein again.
It can be understood that, when the above units receive the data of the corresponding curve, the data of the corresponding curve is processed.
According to the device for monitoring the switch equipment on line, the real-time mechanical characteristic curve is filtered, so that the data is preprocessed, the calculated amount of the data can be reduced, the subsequent data processing is facilitated, and the occupied data memory is small. In addition, because the similarity of the curves is compared, the similarity is not influenced by whether the number of the sampling points of the compared curves is the same, whether the time delay exists or not and whether the abscissa is consistent or not.
Example four
This embodiment further supplements the description of the apparatus for online monitoring of a switchgear according to the third embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for on-line monitoring a switchgear according to the present embodiment. The second determining unit 308 of this embodiment specifically includes a first determining subunit 3081, a second determining subunit 3082, a first obtaining subunit 3083, a third determining subunit 3084, a fourth determining subunit 3085, a second obtaining subunit 3086, and a fifth determining subunit 3087.
The first determining subunit 3081 is configured to determine a first minimum euclidean distance between each sampling point of the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve; the second determining subunit 3082 is configured to determine, if the first minimum euclidean distance is greater than or equal to a first preset threshold, that a sampling point corresponding to the first minimum euclidean distance is the first recording point; the first obtaining subunit 3083 is configured to obtain a first weight value according to the number of the first recording points and the minimum euclidean distance corresponding to each first recording point; the third determining subunit 3084 is configured to determine a second minimum euclidean distance between each sampling point of the filtered reference mechanical characteristic curve and the real-time mechanical characteristic curve; the fourth determining subunit 3085 is configured to determine, if the second minimum euclidean distance is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold, that the sampling point corresponding to the second minimum euclidean distance is the second recording point; the second obtaining subunit 3086 is configured to obtain a second weight value according to the number of the second recording points and the minimum euclidean distance corresponding to each second recording point; the fifth determining subunit 3087 is configured to determine a similarity between the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve according to the first weight value and the second weight value.
Optionally, the first obtaining subunit 3083 is specifically configured to:
the first weight value dW1 is determined according to the following formula:
the second obtaining subunit 3086 is specifically configured to:
the second weight value dw2 is determined according to the following formula:
Optionally, w (t) 1/t, w (k) 1/k.
In the embodiment, the abnormal points of the data can be selected sensitively by calculating the weight distance of the data, so that the abnormal state of the monitored component can be accurately judged according to the abnormal points, and omission is avoided. Secondly, because weight superposition is carried out on a plurality of abnormal points, the superposition effect is closer to a real result, and the result deviation is not larger due to the uncertainty of a single abnormal point.
The invention also provides an apparatus for on-line monitoring of a switchgear device comprising a plurality of monitored components, the apparatus comprising at least one memory and at least one processor. Wherein the memory is to store instructions. The processor is configured to execute the method for on-line monitoring of a switchgear device as described in any of the foregoing embodiments according to instructions stored in the memory.
Embodiments of the present invention also provide a readable storage medium. The readable storage medium has stored therein machine readable instructions which, when executed by a machine, cause the machine to perform the method of on-line monitoring a switchgear device as described in any of the preceding embodiments.
The readable medium has stored thereon machine readable instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform any of the methods previously described. In particular, a system or apparatus may be provided which is provided with a readable storage medium on which software program code implementing the functionality of any of the embodiments described above is stored and which causes a computer or processor of the system or apparatus to read and execute machine-readable instructions stored in the readable storage medium.
In this case, the program code itself read from the readable medium can realize the functions of any of the above-described embodiments, and thus the machine-readable code and the readable storage medium storing the machine-readable code form part of the present invention.
Examples of the readable storage medium include floppy disks, hard disks, magneto-optical disks, optical disks (e.g., CD-ROMs, CD-R, CD-RWs, DVD-ROMs, DVD-RAMs, DVD-RWs, DVD + RWs), magnetic tapes, nonvolatile memory cards, and ROMs. Alternatively, the program code may be downloaded from a server computer or from the cloud via a communications network.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the above-disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be determined from the following claims.
It should be noted that not all steps and units in the above flows and system structure diagrams are necessary, and some steps or units may be omitted according to actual needs. The execution order of the steps is not fixed and can be adjusted as required. The apparatus structures described in the above embodiments may be physical structures or logical structures, that is, some units may be implemented by the same physical entity, or some units may be implemented by a plurality of physical entities, or some units may be implemented by some components in a plurality of independent devices.
In the above embodiments, the hardware unit may be implemented mechanically or electrically. For example, a hardware unit or processor may comprise permanently dedicated circuitry or logic (such as a dedicated processor, FPGA or ASIC) to perform the corresponding operations. The hardware units or processors may also include programmable logic or circuitry (e.g., a general purpose processor or other programmable processor) that may be temporarily configured by software to perform the corresponding operations. The specific implementation (mechanical, or dedicated permanent, or temporarily set) may be determined based on cost and time considerations.
The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (17)
1. Method for online monitoring of a switchgear, comprising: the method for acquiring the real-time mechanical characteristic curve of the monitored component, wherein the real-time mechanical characteristic curve has m sampling points, the monitored component has a preset reference mechanical characteristic curve, and the reference mechanical characteristic curve is acquired by the monitored component in a normal working state, and the method is characterized by further comprising the following steps:
reserving a 1 st sampling point and an m sampling point of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve;
taking a 1 st sampling point of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve as an initial first reference point;
assigning the value of f to 1;
acquiring an absolute value of a difference value between an i + f sampling point in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the first reference point as a first absolute value, wherein the i sampling point represents the first reference point;
determining whether the (i + f) th sampling point and the (i + f-1) th sampling point are reserved according to the first absolute value;
if the determination result is yes, taking the (i + f) th sampling point as an updated first reference point, returning to execute the operation of assigning the value of f as 1 until the absolute value of the difference value between the (m-1) th sampling point and the first reference point is obtained as a first absolute value, and determining whether the (m-1) th sampling point and the (m-2) th sampling point are reserved according to the first absolute value;
taking a curve formed by all reserved sampling points as a filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve;
and determining the similarity of the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve, and determining whether the monitored component has a fault according to the similarity.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
if the determination result is negative, updating the value of f to f +1, and returning to execute the operation of acquiring the absolute value of the difference value between the i + f-th sampling point in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the first reference point as a first absolute value.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising, before obtaining an absolute value of a difference between an i + f-th sampling point and the first reference point in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve as a first absolute value:
acquiring an original reference mechanical characteristic curve of a monitored component in a normal working state, wherein the reference mechanical characteristic curve is provided with n sampling points;
reserving a 1 st sampling point and an nth sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve;
taking the 1 st sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve as an initial second reference point;
assigning the value of s to 1;
acquiring an absolute value of a difference value between the j + s-th sampling point in the reference mechanical characteristic curve and the second reference point as a second absolute value, wherein the j-th sampling point represents the second reference point;
determining whether the j + s th sampling point and the j + s-1 th sampling point are reserved according to the second absolute value;
if the determination result is yes, taking the j + s th sampling point as an updated second reference point, returning to execute the operation of assigning the value of s as 1 until a first absolute value of the difference value between the (n-1) th sampling point and the first reference point is obtained, and determining whether to reserve the (n-1) th sampling point and the (n-2) th sampling point according to the first absolute value;
and taking the curve formed by all the reserved sampling points as a final reference mechanical characteristic curve.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining whether to retain the j + s th sample point and the j + s "1 th sample point according to the second absolute value comprises:
judging whether the second absolute value corresponding to the j + s th sampling point is larger than or equal to a filtering threshold value or not;
if yes, keeping the j + s th sampling point and the j + s-1 th sampling point.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein determining whether to retain the (i + f) th sample point and the (i + f-1) th sample point according to the absolute value comprises:
determining whether the absolute value corresponding to the (i + f) th sampling point is greater than or equal to a filtering threshold;
if the determination result is yes, the (i + f) th sampling point and the (i + f-1) th sampling point are reserved.
6. The method of any of claims 1-5, wherein determining the similarity of the filtered real-time mechanical property curve and the filtered baseline mechanical property curve comprises:
determining a first minimum Euclidean distance between each sampling point of the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and a reference mechanical characteristic curve;
if the first minimum Euclidean distance is larger than or equal to a first preset threshold value, determining a sampling point corresponding to the first minimum Euclidean distance as a first recording point;
acquiring a first weight value according to the number of the first recording points and the minimum Euclidean distance corresponding to each first recording point;
determining a second minimum Euclidean distance between each sampling point of the filtered reference mechanical characteristic curve and the real-time mechanical characteristic curve;
if the second minimum Euclidean distance is larger than or equal to a second preset threshold value, determining a sampling point corresponding to the second minimum Euclidean distance as a second recording point;
acquiring a second weight value according to the number of the second recording points and the minimum Euclidean distance corresponding to each second recording point;
and determining the similarity between the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve according to the first weight value and the second weight value.
7. The method of claim 6,
determining the first weight value dW1 according to the following formula:
determining the second weight value dw2 according to the following formula:
8. The method of claim 7, wherein w (t) is 1/t and w (k) is 1/k.
9. Device for the online monitoring of a switchgear, comprising:
a first acquiring unit, configured to acquire a real-time mechanical characteristic curve of a monitored component, the real-time mechanical characteristic curve having m sampling points, the monitored component having a preset reference mechanical characteristic curve, the reference mechanical characteristic curve being acquired by the monitored component in a normal operating state;
it is characterized by also comprising:
a retaining unit for retaining the 1 st sampling point and the m th sampling point of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve;
an initial reference point unit, which is used for taking the 1 st sampling point of the real-time mechanical characteristic curve as an initial first reference point;
an assigning unit for assigning the value of f to 1;
a second obtaining unit, configured to obtain an absolute value of a difference between an i + f-th sampling point in the real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the first reference point as a first absolute value, where the i-th sampling point represents the first reference point;
a first determining unit, configured to determine whether to reserve the (i + f) th sampling point and the (i + f-1) th sampling point according to the first absolute value, and if the determination result is yes, trigger a first updating unit;
the first updating unit is used for taking the (i + f) th sampling point as an updated first reference point and triggering the assignment unit until an absolute value of a difference value between the (m-1) th sampling point and the first reference point is obtained as a first absolute value and determining whether the (m-1) th sampling point and the (m-2) th sampling point are reserved according to the first absolute value;
a forming unit, which is used for taking the curve formed by all the reserved sampling points as the real-time mechanical characteristic curve after filtering;
and the second determining unit is used for determining the similarity between the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve and determining whether the monitored component has a fault according to the similarity.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising:
and the second updating unit is used for triggering the second acquiring unit after the value of f is updated to f + 1.
11. The apparatus of claim 9,
the first acquisition unit is also used for acquiring an original reference mechanical characteristic curve of the monitored component in a normal working state, and the reference mechanical characteristic curve is provided with n sampling points;
the reserving unit is also used for reserving the 1 st sampling point and the nth sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve;
the initial reference point unit is also used for taking the 1 st sampling point of the reference mechanical characteristic curve as an initial second reference point;
the assigning unit is further configured to assign the value of s to 1;
the second acquiring unit is further configured to acquire an absolute value of a difference between a j + s-th sampling point in the reference mechanical characteristic curve and the second reference point as a second absolute value, where the j-th sampling point represents the second reference point;
the first determining unit is further configured to determine whether to reserve the j + s th sampling point and the j + s-1 th sampling point according to the second absolute value, and if the determination result is yes, trigger the first updating unit;
the first updating unit is also used for taking the j + s sampling point as an updated second reference point and triggering the assignment unit until a first absolute value of the difference value between the (n-1) th sampling point and the first reference point is obtained and whether the (n-1) th sampling point and the (n-2) th sampling point are reserved is determined according to the first absolute value;
the composition unit is also used for taking a curve formed by all the reserved sampling points as a final reference mechanical characteristic curve.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the first determining unit is specifically configured to:
judging whether the second absolute value corresponding to the j + s th sampling point is larger than or equal to a filtering threshold value or not;
if yes, keeping the j + s th sampling point and the j + s-1 th sampling point.
13. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the first determining unit is specifically configured to:
determining whether the absolute value corresponding to the (i + f) th sampling point is greater than or equal to a filtering threshold;
if the determination result is yes, the (i + f) th sampling point and the (i + f-1) th sampling point are reserved.
14. The apparatus according to any one of claims 9-13, wherein the second determining unit specifically comprises:
a first determining subunit, configured to determine a first minimum euclidean distance between each sampling point of the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve;
a second determining subunit, configured to determine, if a first minimum euclidean distance is greater than or equal to a first preset threshold, that a sampling point corresponding to the first minimum euclidean distance is a first recording point;
a first obtaining subunit, configured to obtain a first weight value according to the number of the first recording points and a minimum euclidean distance corresponding to each of the first recording points;
a third determining subunit, configured to determine a second minimum euclidean distance between each sampling point of the filtered reference mechanical characteristic curve and the real-time mechanical characteristic curve;
a fourth determining subunit, configured to determine, if a second minimum euclidean distance is greater than or equal to a second preset threshold, that a sampling point corresponding to the second minimum euclidean distance is a second recording point;
a second obtaining subunit, configured to obtain a second weight value according to the number of the second recording points and the minimum euclidean distance corresponding to each of the second recording points;
and the fifth determining subunit is used for determining the similarity between the filtered real-time mechanical characteristic curve and the reference mechanical characteristic curve according to the first weight value and the second weight value.
15. The apparatus of claim 14,
the first obtaining subunit is specifically configured to:
determining the first weight value dW1 according to the following formula:
the second obtaining subunit is specifically configured to:
determining the second weight value dw2 according to the following formula:
16. Apparatus for in-line monitoring of a switchgear, said switchgear comprising a plurality of monitored components, characterized in that said apparatus comprises:
at least one memory for storing instructions;
at least one processor configured to execute the method of monitoring a switchgear device in-line according to any one of claims 1 to 8, according to instructions stored in the memory.
17. Readable storage medium, in which machine readable instructions are stored, which when executed by a machine, the machine performs a method of online monitoring of a switchgear device according to any of claims 1-8.
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