CN112946720B - Radiation measurement device and method - Google Patents
Radiation measurement device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112946720B CN112946720B CN202110117454.7A CN202110117454A CN112946720B CN 112946720 B CN112946720 B CN 112946720B CN 202110117454 A CN202110117454 A CN 202110117454A CN 112946720 B CN112946720 B CN 112946720B
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N cesium-137 Chemical compound [137Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/18—Measuring radiation intensity with counting-tube arrangements, e.g. with Geiger counters
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a radiation measurement device and a method. The radiation measurement device comprises a first geiger-miller counter (GM 1), a second geiger-miller counter (GM 2) and a weight calculator (20). If the radiant energy is the same, the error trends of the measured energy response values of the first and second geiger-miller counters are different from each other, preferably opposite to each other. The weight calculator performs a weight calculation (e.g., averaging) of the measured energy response values of the first and second geiger-miller counters, and the calculated values are used as energy response measurements of the radiation measurement device. Both the first and second geiger-miller counters comprise a bare geiger-miller counter tube (11) and a metal layer wrapped around the bare geiger-miller counter tube. The energy response measurement of the radiation measurement device to gamma/X-rays above 80keV is within + -10% of its normalized energy response measurement to gamma rays of 662keV produced by cesium-137.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a radiation measurement device and method suitable for use in the field of nuclear radiation detection technology, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for improving the energy response characteristics of a geiger-miller counter (hereinafter abbreviated as "GM tube") based radiation measurement device.
Background
The energy response characteristics of GM tubes mentioned herein refer to: the number of pulses output by GM tubes caused by radiation of different energies (e.g., gamma or X-rays) is different at the same dose rate. The lower the energy of the radiation, the more pulses the radiation causes the GM tube to output within a range of radiation energies. It is desirable that the number of pulses of GM tube output caused by different energy rays be the same or similar at the same dose rate.
In the field of nuclear radiation detection technology, GM tube-based radiation measurement devices are often used to measure gamma rays. Specifically, the GM tube adopts a counting mode to monitor the gamma radiation dosage rate in an environment gamma radiation field, and has the characteristics of low price, large output signal amplitude, low power consumption, simple working circuit, low requirement on working power supply stability and the like. GM tubes are therefore widely used in gamma radiation dose rate monitoring. However, GM tubes suffer from too high a low energy response value. Since the ambient gamma radiation spectrum is a continuous spectrum, such GM tubes cannot provide a reliable ambient gamma radiation dose rate without energy compensation to the GM tube.
The existing energy response compensation scheme (such as the technical scheme described in China patent application publication No. CN 107462916A) of the GM tube mainly wraps lead or tin and other materials outside the GM tube, and the purpose of energy response compensation is achieved by adjusting the wrapping area and the material thickness. However, methods of wrapping materials such as lead or tin on the exterior of GM tubes have limited improvement in energy response performance of GM tube-based radiometric devices.
Disclosure of Invention
[ problem ]
The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, and potentially other technical problems, particularly to improve the energy response characteristics of GM tube-based radiation measurement devices.
[ technical solution ]
According to an aspect of the invention, a radiation measurement device is provided. The radiation measurement device includes a first geiger-miller counter, a second geiger-miller counter, and a weight calculator. The first geiger-miller counter and the second geiger-miller counter are for measuring radiation and are configured so that: if the measured radiant energies are the same, the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter has a first error and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter has a second error, wherein the first error and the second error are both zero or different from each other. The weighting calculator performs weighting calculation on the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter, and takes the weighted calculated value as an energy response measurement value of the radiation measurement equipment.
Specifically, i) one of the first error and the second error is a non-negative value, and the other is a non-positive value; or ii) both the first error and the second error are non-negative, but the magnitudes of the two are different; or iii) both the first error and the second error are non-positive, but the magnitudes of the two are different.
Each of the first geiger-miller counter and the second geiger-miller counter may include a geiger-miller counter bare tube and an energy response compensation material. The energy response compensating material is a metal layer wrapped over the bare tube of the geiger-miller counter. The first error and the second error are affected by one or more of the following factors: the model of the bare tube of the Geiger-Miller counter, the type of metal contained in the metal layer, the thickness of the metal layer and the wrapping mode. The metal layer contains a metal including one or more of tin, copper, lead, and aluminum. Factors influencing the manner in which the metal layer is wrapped include: the covered portion and the covered area of the bare tube of the geiger-miller counter.
Specifically, the weighting calculation of the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter by the weighting calculator may include: the weight calculator averages the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter.
Preferably, the first and second geiger-miller counters are arranged side by side within the radiation measurement device while the radiation is measured and the respective measured energy response values are output to the weight calculator.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of measuring radiation using the radiation measurement device described above. The method comprises the following steps:
1) Simultaneously measuring radiation using a first geiger-miller counter and a second geiger-miller counter, thereby obtaining respective measured energy response values, wherein the first geiger-miller counter and the second geiger-miller counter are configured to: if the measured radiant energies are the same, the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter has a first error and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter has a second error, wherein the first error and the second error are both zero or different from each other;
2) Weighting and calculating the measured energy response value of the first Geiger-Miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second Geiger-Miller counter; and
3) The weighted calculated value is taken as the energy response measurement value of the radiation measurement device.
Specifically, the first geiger-miller counter and the second geiger-miller counter can be constructed by adjusting one or more of the model of the bare pipe of the geiger-miller counter, the type of metal contained in the metal layer, the thickness of the metal layer and the wrapping mode, wherein i) one of the first error and the second error is a non-negative value, and the other is a non-positive value; or ii) both the first error and the second error are non-negative, but the magnitudes of the two are different; or iii) both the first error and the second error are non-positive, but the magnitudes of the two are different.
Specifically, weighting the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter may include: the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter are averaged.
In particular, the first and second geiger-miller counters may be configured such that the energy response measurements of the radiation measurement device to gamma/X-rays above 80keV are within ±10% of the energy response measurements of the radiation measurement device to gamma rays of 662keV produced by cesium-137.
[ technical Effect ]
In the solution of the invention, the energy response characteristics of a GM tube based radiation measurement device are improved by measuring the radiation simultaneously using two GM tubes with opposite energy response characteristics and then combining (e.g. weighting, more specifically averaging) the measured values.
Drawings
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention is described in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments in connection with the accompanying drawings. The same or similar reference numbers are used in the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. It should be understood that the drawings are merely schematic and that the dimensions and proportions of the components in the drawings are not necessarily accurate.
Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of the construction of a GM tube-based radiometric apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method of measuring radiation using the radiation measurement device shown in fig. 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic illustration of the construction of a GM tube-based radiometric apparatus according to the present invention. Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method of measuring radiation using the radiation measurement device shown in fig. 1.
Referring to fig. 1, a radiation measurement device 1 according to the present invention mainly comprises a first geiger-miller counter GM1, a second geiger-miller counter GM2 and a weight calculator 20. The first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the second geiger-miller counter GM2 are for measuring radiation and are configured such that: if the radiant energy is the same, the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 has a first error and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter GM2 has a second error, wherein the first error and the second error are both zero or different from each other.
Specifically, the first error and the second error may exist as follows
i) One of the first error and the second error is non-negative and the other is non-positive, e.g., the first error is +1.0 units and the second error is-0.8 units, or the first error is-0.9 units and the second error is +1.2 units; or alternatively
ii) both the first error and the second error are non-negative, but the magnitudes of the two are different, e.g., the first error is +1.5 units and the second error is +0.1 units; or alternatively
iii) Both the first error and the second error are non-positive values, but the magnitudes of the two are different, e.g., the first error is-0.2 units and the second error is-3 units.
That is, the energy response characteristics of the first and second geiger-miller counters GM1 and GM2 are different from each other, preferably opposite to each other.
The weight calculator 20 performs weight calculation on the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter GM2, and takes the weighted calculated values as the energy response measurement values of the radiation measurement apparatus 1.
The basic configuration of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the second geiger-miller counter GM2 is the same except that the energy response characteristics are different or opposite from each other. Specifically, each of the first and second geiger-miller counters GM1 and GM2 includes a geiger-miller counter bare pipe and an energy response compensation material that is a metal layer wrapped over the geiger-miller counter bare pipe. Taking the first geiger-miller counter GM1 as an example, the first geiger-miller counter GM1 comprises a geiger-miller counter bare pipe 11 and an energy response compensation material 12.
The first error and the second error are affected by one or more of the following factors: the model of the bare tube of the Geiger-Miller counter, the type of metal contained in the metal layer, the thickness of the metal layer and the wrapping mode. The metal layer contains a metal including one or more of tin, copper, lead, and aluminum. Factors that influence the manner in which the metal layer is wrapped include the location where the bare tube of the geiger-miller counter is wrapped and the area that is wrapped.
By appropriately adjusting one or more of the type of the bare pipe of the geiger-miller counter, the kind of metal contained in the metal layer, the thickness of the metal layer, and the wrapping manner, it is possible to construct the first and second geiger-miller counters GM1 and GM2 having energy response characteristics different from or opposite to each other as described above.
As shown in fig. 1, the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the second geiger-miller counter GM2 are arranged side by side within the radiation measurement device 1 while measuring the radiation and outputting respective measured energy response values to the weight calculator 20. The weighting calculator 20 performs a weighting calculation of the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter GM2, including: the weight calculator 20 averages the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter GM2, thereby obtaining an energy response measurement value of the radiation measurement device 1.
Next, a method of measuring radiation using the radiation measuring device 1 will be described. Referring to fig. 2, a method of measuring radiation using the radiation measurement device 1 comprises:
1) Simultaneously measuring radiation using a first geiger-miller counter GM1 and a second geiger-miller counter GM2 as described hereinbefore, thereby obtaining respective measured energy response values;
2) Weighting and calculating the measured energy response value of the first Geiger-Miller counter GM1 and the measured energy response value of the second Geiger-Miller counter GM 2; and
3) The weighted calculated value is taken as an energy response measurement value of the radiation measurement device.
The weighted calculation of the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter GM2 comprises: the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter GM2 are averaged.
Table 1 below shows the normalized measured energy response values of the first and second geiger-miller counters GM1 and GM2, and the weighted measured energy response values of the first and second geiger-miller counters GM1 and GM2 (i.e., the energy response measurements of the radiation measurement device 1).
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, by employing the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the second geiger-miller counter GM2 as described before in the radiation measurement device 1, the energy response measurements of the radiation measurement device 1 for gamma/X-rays higher than 80keV are within ±10% of the energy response measurements of the radiation measurement device 1 for gamma-rays of 662keV generated by cesium-137. In this way, the desired effects mentioned in the "background art" section above are achieved.
Although the technical objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention have been described in detail hereinabove with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely exemplary and not limiting. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made by those skilled in the art are intended to be included within the spirit and principles of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A radiation measurement device (1), characterized in that the radiation measurement device comprises:
a first geiger-miller counter (GM 1) and a second geiger-miller counter (GM 2) for measuring radiation and configured to: if the measured radiant energies are the same, the measured energy response values of the first geiger-miller counter have a first error and the measured energy response values of the second geiger-miller counter have a second error, wherein the first error and the second error are both zero or different from each other; and
and a weight calculator (20) for performing weight calculation on the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter, and taking the weighted calculated values as the energy response measurement values of the radiation measurement equipment.
2. The radiometric device of claim 1, wherein,
i) One of the first error and the second error is non-negative and the other is non-positive; or alternatively
ii) both the first error and the second error are non-negative, but the magnitudes of the two are different; or alternatively
iii) The first error and the second error are both non-positive values, but the magnitudes of the two are different.
3. The radiation measurement device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
each of the first and second geiger-miller counters comprises a geiger-miller counter bare tube (11) and an energy response compensation material (12) being a metal layer wrapped over the geiger-miller counter bare tube,
the first error and the second error are affected by one or more of the following factors: the type of the bare tube of the Geiger-Miller counter, the type of the metal contained in the metal layer, the thickness of the metal layer and the wrapping mode.
4. The radiometric device of claim 3, wherein,
the metal layer contains a metal including one or more of tin, copper, lead and aluminum.
5. The radiation measurement device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
the weighting calculator weighting the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter includes: the weight calculator averages the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter.
6. The radiometric device of claim 3, wherein,
factors influencing the manner of encapsulation of the metal layer include: the covered portion and the covered area of the bare tube of the geiger-miller counter.
7. The radiation measurement device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
the first and second geiger-miller counters are arranged side by side within the radiation measurement device while measuring radiation and outputting respective measured energy response values to the weight calculator.
8. A method of measuring radiation using a radiation measurement device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising:
simultaneously measuring radiation using a first geiger-miller counter (GM 1) and a second geiger-miller counter (GM 2), thereby obtaining respective measured energy response values, wherein the first and second geiger-miller counters are configured to: if the measured radiant energies are the same, the measured energy response values of the first geiger-miller counter have a first error and the measured energy response values of the second geiger-miller counter have a second error, wherein the first error and the second error are both zero or different from each other;
weighting and calculating the measured energy response value of the first Geiger-Miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second Geiger-Miller counter; and
the weighted calculated value is taken as an energy response measurement value of the radiation measurement device.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
each of the first and second geiger-miller counters comprises a geiger-miller counter bare tube (11) and an energy response compensation material (12) being a metal layer wrapped over the geiger-miller counter bare tube,
constructing the first geiger-miller counter and the second geiger-miller counter by adjusting one or more of the type of bare pipe of the geiger-miller counter, the type of metal contained in the metal layer, the thickness of the metal layer and the manner of wrapping,
i) One of the first error and the second error is non-negative and the other is non-positive; or alternatively
ii) both the first error and the second error are non-negative, but the magnitudes of the two are different; or alternatively
iii) The first error and the second error are both non-positive values, but the magnitudes of the two are different.
10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, wherein,
the weighted calculation of the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter comprises: and averaging the measured energy response value of the first Geiger-Miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second Geiger-Miller counter.
11. The method of claim 8 or 9, further comprising:
by constructing the first geiger-miller counter and the second geiger-miller counter such that the energy response measurement of the radiation measurement device to gamma/X-rays above 80keV is within + -10% of the normalized energy response measurement of the radiation measurement device to gamma rays of 662keV produced by cesium-137.
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| CN112946720A (en) | 2021-06-11 |
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