CN112946720A - Radiation measuring apparatus and method - Google Patents
Radiation measuring apparatus and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112946720A CN112946720A CN202110117454.7A CN202110117454A CN112946720A CN 112946720 A CN112946720 A CN 112946720A CN 202110117454 A CN202110117454 A CN 202110117454A CN 112946720 A CN112946720 A CN 112946720A
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- geiger
- miller
- error
- energy response
- counter
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N cesium-137 Chemical compound [137Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-RNFDNDRNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
- G01T1/18—Measuring radiation intensity with counting-tube arrangements, e.g. with Geiger counters
Abstract
The invention provides a radiation measuring apparatus and method. The radiometric measuring device comprises a first geiger-miller counter (GM1), a second geiger-miller counter (GM2) and a weight calculator (20). If the radiation energies are the same, the error trends of the measured energy response values of the first and second geiger-miller counters are different from each other, preferably opposite to each other. The weighting calculator performs a weighted calculation (e.g., averaging) of the measured energy response values of the first and second geiger-miller counters, and uses the calculated values as the energy response measurements of the radiometric device. The first and second Geiger-Miller counters each comprise a Geiger-Miller counter bare tube (11) and a metal layer wrapped around the Geiger-Miller counter bare tube. The radiation measurement device has energy response measurements for gamma/X-rays above 80keV normalized to within ± 10% of their energy response measurements for gamma-rays of 662keV produced by cesium-137.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a radiometric measuring device and method suitable for use in the field of nuclear radiation detection technology, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for improving the energy response characteristics of a radiometric measuring device based on a geiger-miller counter (hereinafter referred to simply as "GM tube").
Background
The energy response characteristics of GM tubes referred to herein are: the number of pulses output by the GM tube due to different energies of radiation (e.g., gamma or X-rays) is different for the same dose rate. The lower the radiation energy, the greater the number of pulses that the GM tube outputs caused by the radiation over a range of radiation energies. It is desirable that the number of pulses output by the GM tube due to the different energies of the radiation is the same or similar for the same dose rate.
In the field of nuclear radiation detection technology, GM tube based radiometric devices are often used to measure gamma rays. Specifically, the GM tube monitors the gamma radiation dose rate in the environment gamma radiation field in a counting mode, and has the characteristics of low price, large output signal amplitude, low power consumption, simple working circuit, low stability requirement of a working power supply and the like. Therefore, GM tubes are widely used in gamma radiation dose rate monitoring. However, GM tubes suffer from a problem of too high low energy response values. Since the ambient gamma radiation spectrum is a continuum, such a GM tube cannot provide a reliable ambient gamma radiation dose rate without energy compensation to the GM tube.
The conventional energy response compensation scheme for the GM tube (for example, the technical scheme described in chinese patent application publication No. CN 107462916A) mainly wraps lead or tin on the outside of the GM tube, and achieves the purpose of energy response compensation by adjusting the wrapping area and the material thickness. However, the method of wrapping lead or tin or the like around the outside of the GM tube has a limited degree of improvement in the energy response performance of the GM tube-based radiation measuring apparatus.
Disclosure of Invention
[ problem ] to provide a method for producing a semiconductor device
The present invention has been made to solve the above technical problems, and potentially other technical problems, and in particular, to improve the energy response characteristics of GM tube based radiometric measurement devices.
[ technical solution ] A
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a radiation measuring apparatus. The radiation measurement device includes a first geiger-miller counter, a second geiger-miller counter, and a weight calculator. The first and second geiger-miller counters are for measuring radiation and are configured such that: if the measured radiation energies are the same, the measured energy response value of the first Geiger-Miller counter has a first error and the measured energy response value of the second Geiger-Miller counter has a second error, wherein the first error and the second error are both zero or different from each other. And the weighting calculator carries out weighting calculation on the measured energy response value of the first Geiger-Miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second Geiger-Miller counter, and the value calculated by weighting is used as the measured energy response value of the radiation measuring equipment.
Specifically, i) one of the first error and the second error is a non-negative value and the other is a non-positive value; or ii) both the first error and the second error are non-negative, but the magnitudes of the two are different; or iii) both the first error and the second error are non-positive, but the magnitudes of the two are different.
Each of the first and second geiger-miller counters may include a geiger-miller counter bare tube and an energy response compensation material. The energy response compensating material is a metal layer wrapped on a Geiger-Miller counter bare tube. The first error and the second error are affected by one or more of the following factors: the type of the bare tube of the Geiger-Miller counter, the type of metal contained in the metal layer, the thickness of the metal layer and the wrapping mode. The metal layer contains a metal comprising one or more of tin, copper, lead and aluminum. Factors affecting the wrapping of the metal layer include: the wrapped part and the wrapped area of the bare tube of the Geiger-Miller counter.
Specifically, the weighted calculation by the weighted calculator of the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter may include: the weight calculator averages the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter.
Preferably, the first geiger-miller counter and the second geiger-miller counter are arranged side by side within the radiation measurement apparatus while measuring radiation and outputting respective measured energy response values to the weighting calculator.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of measuring radiation using the radiation measuring apparatus described above. The method comprises the following steps:
1) simultaneously measuring radiation using a first geiger-miller counter and a second geiger-miller counter, thereby obtaining respective measured energy response values, wherein the first geiger-miller counter and the second geiger-miller counter are configured such that: if the measured radiation energies are the same, the measured energy response value of the first Geiger-Miller counter has a first error and the measured energy response value of the second Geiger-Miller counter has a second error, wherein the first error and the second error are both zero or different from each other;
2) carrying out weighted calculation on the actually measured energy response value of the first Geiger-Miller counter and the actually measured energy response value of the second Geiger-Miller counter; and
3) and taking the weighted calculated value as an energy response measured value of the radiation measuring device.
Specifically, a first geiger-miller counter and a second geiger-miller counter may be constructed by adjusting one or more of a model number of the bare tube of the geiger-miller counter, a kind of metal contained in the metal layer, a thickness of the metal layer, and a wrapping manner, wherein i) one of the first error and the second error is a non-negative value and the other is a non-positive value; or ii) both the first error and the second error are non-negative, but the magnitudes of the two are different; or iii) both the first error and the second error are non-positive, but the magnitudes of the two are different.
Specifically, the weighted calculation of the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter may include: averaging the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter with the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter.
In particular, the first and second geiger-miller counters may be configured such that the radiation measurement device has energy response measurements for gamma/X-rays above 80keV normalized to within ± 10% of energy response measurements for gamma-rays of 662keV produced by cesium-137.
[ technical effects ] of
In the solution of the invention, the energy response characteristics of a GM-tube based radiometric measuring device are improved by simultaneously measuring the radiation using two GM-tubes with opposite energy response characteristics and then combining (e.g. performing a weighted calculation, more particularly an averaging) the measured values.
Drawings
In order to facilitate understanding of the invention, the invention is described in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the attached drawings. The same or similar reference numbers are used in the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. It should be understood that the drawings are merely schematic and that the dimensions and proportions of elements in the drawings are not necessarily precise.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a GM tube-based radiometric measuring device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of measuring radiation using the radiation measurement device shown in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the configuration of a GM tube-based radiometric measuring device according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of measuring radiation using the radiation measurement device shown in FIG. 1.
Referring to fig. 1, a radiation measuring apparatus 1 according to the present invention mainly includes a first geiger-miller counter GM1, a second geiger-miller counter GM2, and a weight calculator 20. The first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the second geiger-miller counter GM2 are used for measuring radiation and are configured such that: if the radiation energies are the same, the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 has a first error and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter GM2 has a second error, wherein the first error and the second error are both zero or different from each other.
Specifically, the first error and the second error may exist as follows
i) One of the first error and the second error is non-negative and the other is non-positive, e.g., +1.0 units for the first error and-0.8 units for the second error, or-0.9 units for the first error and +1.2 units for the second error; or
ii) both the first error and the second error are non-negative, but are different in magnitude, e.g., +1.5 units for the first error and +0.1 units for the second error; or
iii) both the first error and the second error are non-positive values, but the magnitudes of the two are different, e.g., -0.2 units for the first error and-3 units for the second error.
That is, the energy response characteristics of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the second geiger-miller counter GM2 are different from each other, preferably opposite to each other.
The weight calculator 20 performs a weighted calculation of the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter GM2, and takes the weighted calculated values as the measured energy response value of the radiation measuring apparatus 1.
The basic configurations of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the second geiger-miller counter GM2 are identical except that the energy response characteristics are different or opposite to each other. In particular, each of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the second geiger-miller counter GM2 includes a geiger-miller counter bare tube and an energy-responsive compensation material that is a metal layer wrapped over the geiger-miller counter bare tube. Taking the first geiger-miller counter GM1 as an example, the first geiger-miller counter GM1 includes a geiger-miller counter bare tube 11 and an energy-response compensation material 12.
The first error and the second error are affected by one or more of the following factors: the type of the bare tube of the Geiger-Miller counter, the type of metal contained in the metal layer, the thickness of the metal layer and the wrapping mode. The metal layer contains a metal comprising one or more of tin, copper, lead and aluminum. Factors influencing the wrapping mode of the metal layer comprise the wrapped position and the wrapped area of the bare tube of the Geiger-Miller counter.
The first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the second geiger-miller counter GM2, which have different or opposite energy response characteristics from each other as described above, can be constructed by appropriately adjusting one or more of the type of bare tube of the geiger-miller counter, the type of metal contained in the metal layer, the thickness of the metal layer, and the manner of wrapping.
As shown in fig. 1, the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the second geiger-miller counter GM2 are arranged side by side within the radiation measuring apparatus 1 while measuring radiation and outputting respective measured energy response values to the weighting calculator 20. The weighted calculation by the weighted calculator 20 of the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter GM2 comprises: the weight calculator 20 averages the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter GM2, thereby obtaining an energy response measurement value of the radiation measuring apparatus 1.
Next, a method of measuring radiation using the radiation measuring apparatus 1 is described. Referring to fig. 2, the method of measuring radiation using the radiation measuring apparatus 1 includes:
1) simultaneously measuring the radiation using a first geiger-miller counter GM1 and a second geiger-miller counter GM2 as described hereinbefore, thereby obtaining respective measured energy response values;
2) carrying out weighted calculation on the measured energy response value of the first Geiger-Miller counter GM1 and the measured energy response value of the second Geiger-Miller counter GM 2; and
3) and taking the weighted calculated value as an energy response measured value of the radiation measuring device.
The weighted calculation of the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter GM2 comprises: the measured energy response values of the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the second geiger-miller counter GM2 were averaged.
Table 1 below shows the results of normalizing the measured energy response values of the first and second geiger-miller counters GM1, GM2 and the measured energy response values weighted by the first and second geiger-miller counters GM1, GM2 (i.e. the energy response measurements of the radiometric measuring device 1).
TABLE 1
As can be seen from table 1, by employing the first geiger-miller counter GM1 and the second geiger-miller counter GM2 as described hereinbefore in the radiation measuring apparatus 1, the energy response measurements of the radiation measuring apparatus 1 for gamma/X-rays above 80keV are all within ± 10% normalized difference compared to the energy response measurements of the radiation measuring apparatus 1 for gamma-rays of 662keV produced by cesium-137. In this way, the desired effects mentioned in the "background" section above are achieved.
Although the technical objects, technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention have been described in detail hereinabove with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood that the above embodiments are only illustrative and not restrictive. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principle of the present invention is included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A radiation measuring device (1), characterized in that it comprises:
a first and a second Geiger-Miller counters (GM1, GM2) for measuring radiation and configured such that: if the measured radiation energies are the same, the measured energy response value of the first Geiger-Miller counter has a first error and the measured energy response value of the second Geiger-Miller counter has a second error, wherein the first error and the second error are both zero or different from each other; and
a weight calculator (20) that performs a weight calculation on the measured energy response value of the first Geiger-Miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second Geiger-Miller counter, and takes the weight-calculated values as energy response measurement values of the radiation measurement device.
2. The radiation measurement device of claim 1,
i) one of the first error and the second error is a non-negative value and the other is a non-positive value; or
ii) both the first error and the second error are non-negative, but are different in magnitude; or
iii) both the first error and the second error are non-positive values, but the magnitudes of both are different.
3. The radiation measurement device of claim 1 or 2,
each of the first and second Geiger-Miller counters comprises a Geiger-Miller counter bare tube (11) and an energy-responsive compensation material (12) that is a metal layer wrapped over the Geiger-Miller counter bare tube,
the first error and the second error are affected by one or more of the following factors: the type of the bare tube of the Geiger-Miller counter, the type of metal contained in the metal layer, the thickness of the metal layer and the wrapping mode.
4. The radiation measurement device of claim 3,
the metal layer contains a metal comprising one or more of tin, copper, lead and aluminum.
5. The radiation measurement device of claim 1 or 2,
the weighted calculation by the weighted calculator of the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter comprises: the weight calculator averages the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter.
6. The radiation measurement device of claim 3,
factors affecting the wrapping manner of the metal layer include: the covered part and the covered area of the bare tube of the Geiger-Miller counter.
7. The radiation measurement device of claim 1 or 2,
the first and second geiger-miller counters are arranged side-by-side within the radiation measurement device while measuring radiation and outputting respective measured energy response values to the weighting calculator.
8. A method of measuring radiation using a radiation measurement device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, the method comprising:
simultaneously measuring radiation using a first geiger-miller counter (GM1) and a second geiger-miller counter (GM2) to thereby obtain respective measured energy response values, wherein the first geiger-miller counter and the second geiger-miller counter are configured such that: if the measured radiation energies are the same, the measured energy response value of the first Geiger-Miller counter has a first error and the measured energy response value of the second Geiger-Miller counter has a second error, wherein the first error and the second error are both zero or different from each other;
performing weighted calculation on the measured energy response value of the first Geiger-Miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second Geiger-Miller counter; and
and taking the weighted calculated value as an energy response measured value of the radiation measuring device.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising:
each of the first and second Geiger-Miller counters comprises a Geiger-Miller counter bare tube (11) and an energy-responsive compensation material (12) that is a metal layer wrapped over the Geiger-Miller counter bare tube,
constructing the first Geiger-Miller counter and the second Geiger-Miller counter by adjusting one or more of a type of bare tube of the Geiger-Miller counter, a type of metal contained in the metal layer, a thickness of the metal layer, and a wrapping manner, wherein,
i) one of the first error and the second error is a non-negative value and the other is a non-positive value; or
ii) both the first error and the second error are non-negative, but are different in magnitude; or
iii) both the first error and the second error are non-positive values, but the magnitudes of both are different.
10. The method of claim 8 or 9,
the weighted calculation of the measured energy response value of the first geiger-miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second geiger-miller counter comprises: averaging the measured energy response value of the first Geiger-Miller counter and the measured energy response value of the second Geiger-Miller counter.
11. The method of claim 8 or 9, further comprising:
by constructing the first and second geiger-miller counters such that energy response measurements of the radiation measurement apparatus for gamma/X-rays above 80keV are normalized to within ± 10% of energy response measurements of the radiation measurement apparatus for gamma-rays of 662keV produced by cesium-137.
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| CN112946720B (en) | 2024-02-13 |
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