CN112945450A - Bolt axial force accurate test and data analysis system based on ultrasonic wave - Google Patents
Bolt axial force accurate test and data analysis system based on ultrasonic wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN112945450A CN112945450A CN202110127921.4A CN202110127921A CN112945450A CN 112945450 A CN112945450 A CN 112945450A CN 202110127921 A CN202110127921 A CN 202110127921A CN 112945450 A CN112945450 A CN 112945450A
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- bolt
- axial force
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- temperature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/24—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed
- G01L5/246—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for determining value of torque or twisting moment for tightening a nut or other member which is similarly stressed using acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic wave-based bolt axial force accurate test and data analysis system, which comprises an ultrasonic wave axial force tester, an ultrasonic transducer, a data acquisition module and a data analysis module, wherein the ultrasonic wave axial force tester sends out excitation through a signal line, acquires an ultrasonic signal of a bolt, and then transmits and receives the ultrasonic signal through the ultrasonic transducer; the temperature sensor is connected with the ultrasonic axial force tester and is used for acquiring the temperature information of the bolt; the two-dimensional code is arranged on the bolt, the ultrasonic axial force tester scans the two-dimensional code on the bolt through scanning equipment, different bolts are identified according to the two-dimensional code, and information of the different bolts is classified and stored in a database or a cloud; the ultrasonic axial force tester converts the received ultrasonic signals and temperature information into data and transmits the data to the terminal; and calculating the difference between the bolt before and after being screwed, and deriving the elongation of the bolt so as to calculate the axial force of the bolt. The transducer is arranged in the bolt and protected by special materials, so that the high-temperature and low-temperature resistant energy-saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ultrasonic bolt axial force, in particular to an ultrasonic-based bolt axial force accurate test and data analysis system.
Background
Along with the development of the technology, ultrasonic stress detection is more and more emphasized, in a published patent publication No. 207215437U of an ultrasonic stress detection device and a published patent No. 2591600Y of an ultrasonic bolt fastening force tester, the device relates to the measurement of force or stress, mechanisms including a pressure sensor, a data collector, ultrasonic equipment, an oscilloscope and the like can only singly collect bolt axial force, the function is single, and in real-time tightening test, an external sensor or a specially-made sliding ring sleeve is needed, a larger working space is needed, and the device is not suitable for tightening assembly in a compact environment. In the prior art, when a single bolt test and a multi-bolt test are carried out simultaneously, the same equipment is shared, the upper limit of the number of the test bolts is fixed, the test bolts cannot be changed, the cost is high, and the efficiency is low; the collected data are arranged according to the test sequence, so that the data are easy to be confused, are not suitable for classified management and are subjected to statistical analysis; after the bolt axial force is acquired, data processing and classification are additionally needed for data processing and analysis, the consumed time is long, and in the prior art, signal line transmission is adopted, and only field test or limited short-distance transmission can be realized.
Accordingly, the prior art is deficient and needs improvement.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ultrasonic-based bolt axial force accurate test and data analysis system, which aims to solve the technical problems that multiple groups of data to be tested can be subjected to statistical analysis, the data are analyzed immediately after being tested, an alarm signal is sent out when the data are abnormal, and the problems existing in the process can be found in time.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a bolt axial force accurate test and data analysis system based on ultrasonic waves comprises an ultrasonic axial force tester, an ultrasonic transducer, a data acquisition module and a data analysis module, wherein the ultrasonic axial force tester sends excitation through a signal line, acquires ultrasonic signals of a bolt, and then transmits and receives the ultrasonic signals through the ultrasonic transducer; the temperature sensor is connected with the ultrasonic axial force tester and is used for acquiring the temperature information of the bolt; the two-dimensional code is arranged on the bolt, the ultrasonic axial force tester scans the two-dimensional code on the bolt through scanning equipment, different bolts are identified according to the two-dimensional code, and information of the different bolts is classified and stored in a database or a cloud; the ultrasonic axial force tester converts the ultrasonic signals and temperature information of the collected information into data and transmits the data to the terminal; the terminal is a notebook computer, a tablet personal computer, a mobile phone or other handheld devices and is used for receiving and converting data sent by the ultrasonic axial force tester, processing and analyzing the data, calculating the time difference between before and after the bolt is screwed down, and deriving the elongation of the bolt, so that the axial force of the bolt is calculated.
In the above, the ultrasonic transducer is placed in the bolt, and the ultrasonic transducer is a circular piece with the thickness of 0.3 mm and the diameter of 3 mm, and is directly tested in real time under the condition that the performance of the bolt is not influenced.
In the foregoing, the information of different bolts is classified and stored in the database or the cloud, and the classification type includes: classifying according to the parts where the bolts are located: classifying bolt information of the engine, the gearbox and the auxiliary frame; or classifying according to big data processing: the bolts are classified according to different specifications, different performances and/or grades or different lengths of the same specification.
In the above, there are also other matching device connection ports, and when it is necessary to connect with other devices for matching use, this port is used as an output/input signal port.
In the above, the acquiring of the temperature information of the bolt, that is, the acquired temperature signals before and after the bolt is tightened, compensates for the slight elongation of the bolt caused by the temperature change, and adopts one of the following two methods:
the method a comprises the following steps: calculating the length of the bolt extended or shortened due to temperature change according to the linear expansion coefficient of the material; Δ L ═ L · Δ T, i.e., the amount of change in the length of the bolt is equal to the amount of change in the original length × coefficient of linear expansion × temperature;
the method b: the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave is modified according to the change of the temperature, and generally, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave at different temperatures is calibrated in advance, namely, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave at different temperatures is calculated according to the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave at the corresponding temperature.
In the above, the calculating the bolt axial force specifically includes: setting t1 as the flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the bolt before screwing, t2 as the flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the bolt after screwing, wherein delta t is t2-t1, and the bolt axial force F is (delta t/2) V, wherein V is the sound velocity of the ultrasonic wave propagating in the bolt.
In the above, a normal distribution principle is adopted, the maximum pre-tightening force and the minimum pre-tightening force during design are taken as references, the measured bolt axial force is monitored in real time, and whether the measured bolt axial force is distributed in the range of the maximum pre-tightening force and the minimum pre-tightening force is calculated; and if the range is exceeded, alarming.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: 1. in the existing ultrasonic testing technology, the axial force of the bolt can be tested only after the bolt is screwed, and the invention can carry out real-time testing in the process of screwing the bolt and realize the requirement of screwing the pretightening force. 2. The invention can carry out statistical analysis on a plurality of groups of tested data, so as to realize immediate analysis, abnormal data, send out an alarm signal and discover problems in the process in time. 3. In the prior art, the head of the bolt is polished and then the transducer is adhered or piezoelectric ceramics, a protective layer and the like are sprayed on the bolt, the transducer has large damage to a bolt coating and is easy to cause corrosion and rust of the bolt, and the transducer is exposed outside and has large influence on the bolt by external environment (high and low temperature, corrosive substances, external force impact and the like); the latter is mainly formed by foreign processing, and has long manufacturing period and high cost. The transducer is arranged in the bolt and protected by special materials, so that the high-temperature and low-temperature resistant energy-saving. 4. The invention adds a two-dimension code recognition system. And the two-dimensional code is sprayed on the tested bolt or the tested clamping piece, and historical measurement data can be displayed by scanning the two-dimensional code, so that construction and maintenance are facilitated. 5. In the prior art, the test equipment is heavy and needs to be connected with an external power supply, and the test equipment is light and convenient, is internally provided with the power supply and is suitable for testing in various occasions. 6. The transmission of test data can be selected among signal lines, Bluetooth and network transmission, so that the test can be carried out on site, and remote monitoring can be realized. 7. The invention can realize real-time test in a long time and under various environments.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of one embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of calculating a bolt axial force according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
The first embodiment is as follows:
one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an ultrasonic-based bolt axial force precision test and data analysis system, which includes an ultrasonic axial force tester 1, which sends out excitation through a signal line, collects an ultrasonic signal 2 of a bolt, and then transmits and receives the ultrasonic signal through an ultrasonic transducer; the ultrasonic transducer is arranged in the bolt, is a wafer with the thickness of about 0.3 mm and the diameter of 3 mm, can be directly tested in real time under the condition of not influencing the performance of the bolt, and improves the testing efficiency.
The temperature sensor is connected with the ultrasonic axial force tester and is used for acquiring bolt temperature information 3; the two-dimensional code 4 is arranged on the bolt, the ultrasonic axial force tester scans the two-dimensional code on the bolt through scanning equipment, different bolts are identified according to the two-dimensional code, and information of the different bolts is classified and stored in a database or a cloud; the ultrasonic axial force tester converts the ultrasonic signal of the collected information and the temperature information 5 into data and transmits the data to the terminal 7; fig. 6 shows other mating device connection ports, which can output \ input signals when needed to be connected with other devices for mating use. And 7, the terminal can be a notebook computer, a tablet personal computer, a mobile phone or other handheld devices and is used for receiving and converting data sent by the ultrasonic axial force tester, processing and analyzing the data, calculating the time difference of flight before and after the bolt is screwed down, and deriving the elongation of the bolt so as to calculate the axial force of the bolt. And 8, a process of uploading data to a cloud or a special database. 9 is cloud or private database. 10 is a bolt with an ultrasonic transducer.
Calculating the bolt axial force as shown in fig. 2, the left bolt is in a state before being tightened, the right bolt is in a state after being tightened, t1 is the flight time of the ultrasonic wave before being tightened in the bolt, t2 is the flight time of the ultrasonic wave after being tightened in the bolt, Δ t is t2-t1, the bolt axial force F is (Δ t/2) V, and V is the sound velocity of the ultrasonic wave propagating in the bolt.
According to the collected bolt temperature information 3, namely the collected temperature signals before and after the bolt is screwed, the micro-elongation of the bolt caused by temperature change is compensated: a. from the linear expansion coefficient of the material, the length of elongation or contraction of the bolt due to temperature change can be calculated, Δ L ═ al · Δ T: namely, the length variation of the bolt is equal to the variation of the original length linear expansion coefficient and the temperature; b. meanwhile, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave can be modified according to the change of the temperature, and the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave can be calibrated in advance under the general condition, namely the propagation speeds of the ultrasonic wave at different temperatures can be calculated according to the propagation speeds of the ultrasonic wave at corresponding temperatures.
Regarding data processing, analysis and early warning, a normal distribution principle is generally adopted, the maximum pre-tightening force and the minimum pre-tightening force during design are used as references, the measured axial force is monitored in real time, and whether the axial force is distributed in the range of the maximum pre-tightening force and the minimum pre-tightening force is calculated. And if the range is exceeded, alarming. The alarm form can be that various colors which are matched or correspond to the alarm form are displayed in the computer. If red represents exceeding the maximum pretension, yellow represents being less than the minimum pretension, etc.
And classifying and storing the bolt information into a database or a cloud according to the two-dimension code information collected in the two-dimension code 4 arranged on the bolt. And (4) classification type: 1. classifying according to the parts where the bolts are located: such as: the bolt information of the engine, the transmission, the subframe, and the like is classified. 2. Big data processing: such as bolts of different specifications, different performance grades or different lengths of the same specification.
The ultrasonic axial force tester disclosed by the invention is portable and lightweight in design, light and thin in appearance, internally provided with a power supply, free of power plug-in and suitable for working in a non-indoor environment. The device has the functions of signal acquisition and signal transmission, can be additionally provided with a Bluetooth module and a network transmission module, and achieves real long-distance data transmission.
Furthermore, the embodiment of the invention also includes the application of the axial force tester formed by mutually combining the technical characteristics of the above embodiments in the axial force test.
The technical features mentioned above are combined with each other to form various embodiments which are not listed above, and all of them are regarded as the scope of the present invention described in the specification; also, modifications and variations may be suggested to those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings, and it is intended to cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A bolt axial force accurate test and data analysis system based on ultrasonic waves is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic axial force tester, an ultrasonic transducer, a data analysis module and a data analysis module, wherein the ultrasonic axial force tester sends out excitation through a signal line, acquires an ultrasonic signal of a bolt, and then transmits and receives the ultrasonic signal through the ultrasonic transducer; the temperature sensor is connected with the ultrasonic axial force tester and is used for acquiring the temperature information of the bolt; the two-dimensional code is arranged on the bolt, the ultrasonic axial force tester scans the two-dimensional code on the bolt through scanning equipment, different bolts are identified according to the two-dimensional code, and information of the different bolts is classified and stored in a database or a cloud; the ultrasonic axial force tester converts the received ultrasonic signals and temperature information into data and transmits the data to the terminal; the terminal is a notebook computer, a tablet personal computer, a mobile phone or other handheld devices and is used for receiving and converting data sent by the ultrasonic axial force tester, processing and analyzing the data, calculating the time difference between before and after the bolt is screwed down, and deriving the elongation of the bolt, so that the axial force of the bolt is calculated.
2. The system for accurately testing and analyzing data of axial force of a bolt as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic transducer is a disk with a thickness of 0.3 mm and a diameter of 3 mm, and is directly tested in real time without affecting the performance of the bolt.
3. The bolt axial force precision testing and data analysis system according to claim 2, wherein the information of different bolts is classified and stored in a database or a cloud end, and the classification types comprise: classifying according to the parts where the bolts are located: classifying bolt information of the engine, the gearbox and the auxiliary frame; or classifying according to big data processing: the bolts are classified according to different specifications, different performances and/or grades or different lengths of the same specification.
4. The system for accurately testing and analyzing the bolt axial force according to claim 3, wherein a connection port of other matching equipment is further provided, and when the system is required to be connected with other equipment for matching use, the connection port is used as an output/input signal port.
5. The bolt axial force precision testing and data analysis system according to claim 4, wherein the bolt temperature information is collected, namely the collected temperature signals before and after the bolt is tightened, so as to compensate the micro-elongation of the bolt caused by temperature change, and one of the following two methods is adopted:
the method a comprises the following steps: calculating the length of the bolt extended or shortened due to temperature change according to the linear expansion coefficient of the material; Δ L ═ L · Δ T, i.e., the amount of change in the length of the bolt is equal to the amount of change in the original length × coefficient of linear expansion × temperature;
the method b: the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave is modified according to the change of the temperature, and generally, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave at different temperatures is calibrated in advance, namely, the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave at different temperatures is calculated according to the propagation speed of the ultrasonic wave at the corresponding temperature.
6. The bolt axial force precision testing and data analysis system of claim 5, wherein the calculating of the bolt axial force is specifically: setting t1 as the flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the bolt before screwing, t2 as the flight time of the ultrasonic wave in the bolt after screwing, wherein delta t is t2-t1, and the bolt axial force F is (delta t/2) V, wherein V is the sound velocity of the ultrasonic wave propagating in the bolt.
7. The bolt axial force accurate test and data analysis system according to claim 6, wherein the normal distribution principle is adopted, the maximum pre-tightening force and the minimum pre-tightening force during design are taken as references, the measured bolt axial force is monitored in real time, and whether the measured bolt axial force is distributed in the range of the maximum pre-tightening force and the minimum pre-tightening force is calculated; and if the range is exceeded, alarming.
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| CN202110127921.4A CN112945450A (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Bolt axial force accurate test and data analysis system based on ultrasonic wave |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114184313A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-15 | 苏州博昇科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic double-wave high-reliability detection method and device for bolt stress |
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