CN112945438B - Optical fiber type soil pressure sensor - Google Patents
Optical fiber type soil pressure sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112945438B CN112945438B CN202110280188.XA CN202110280188A CN112945438B CN 112945438 B CN112945438 B CN 112945438B CN 202110280188 A CN202110280188 A CN 202110280188A CN 112945438 B CN112945438 B CN 112945438B
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- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000000998 shell membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/24—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet
- G01L1/242—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre
- G01L1/246—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations of optical properties of material when it is stressed, e.g. by photoelastic stress analysis using infrared, visible light, ultraviolet the material being an optical fibre using integrated gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber type soil pressure sensor, which comprises a lower shell and an upper shell, wherein the upper shell is connected with the upper part of the lower shell in a matching way; the upper shell and the lower shell are integrally formed into a flat shell after being matched and connected, the inside of the flat shell is formed into a cavity structure and is communicated with the leading-out end of the end part of the flat shell, and a pressure sensing device is arranged in the cavity; the leading-out end is connected with an optical fiber sheath; the end part of the optical fiber sheath is connected with an output optical fiber. The pressure sensing devices of the equilateral diamond frames arranged in the upper shell and the lower shell can enable the grating area to be in a suspended state all the time, uniform strain is generated in the grating area, the phenomena of grating reflection spectrum broadening and chirp are avoided, the matching error between the sensor and a medium can be effectively reduced when free field pressure in soil is measured, the optical fiber is fixed by adopting a welding process, the problems of creep deformation, aging, failure and the like caused by gluing are avoided, and the long-term stability of the sensor is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sensors, and particularly relates to an optical fiber type soil pressure sensor.
Background
In the field of geotechnical engineering, obtaining the stress state of a soil body or a rock body through the measurement of soil pressure is one of important conditions for realizing engineering stability analysis and safety evaluation. Currently, soil pressure measurement is mainly achieved by embedding a soil pressure sensor (or called a soil pressure gauge or a soil pressure box) in a soil body. The traditional soil pressure sensor mainly comprises a resistance strain type, a piezoresistance type, a vibrating wire type, a differential resistance type, an inductance type and the like, but the soil pressure sensor has the defects of poor long-term stability, easiness in electromagnetic interference, difficulty in realizing distributed measurement and the like, and cannot meet the requirement of long-term monitoring.
The fiber bragg grating is used as a novel fiber optic sensing element, has the advantages of being intrinsically safe, resistant to electromagnetic interference, long in service life, easy to network, and the like, and a soil pressure sensor based on the fiber bragg grating is also gradually becoming a hot spot for people to study. The structure form of the fiber grating soil pressure sensor proposed at present mainly comprises: (1) film-sticking type. A fiber grating is stuck to the center of the diaphragm, strain is generated by bending the diaphragm, the output wavelength of the fiber grating stuck to the surface of the diaphragm is driven to change, and the soil pressure is converted into the output of the grating. (2) a compression bar+cantilever beam. The pressure sensitive diaphragm is provided with a pressure transmission rod at the center, the sensor is internally provided with a cantilever beam, the pressure transmission rod is connected with the degree of freedom of the cantilever beam, the center of the diaphragm generates deflection after being pressed, and the rigid force transmission rod acts on the free end of the cantilever beam in a force concentration mode. The cantilever Liang Niantie fiber grating senses the strain of the cantilever beam and realizes the measurement of pressure. (3) membrane+fixed column: the inner side of the pressure sensitive membrane is provided with two fixing columns, the fiber bragg grating is adhered or clamped on the two fixing columns, after the membrane is subjected to compression deflection, the relative distance between the two fixing columns is changed, and the fiber bragg grating between the fixing columns is stretched to generate strain, so that the pressure measurement is realized. (4) triangle or diamond force transfer structural formula: the external pressure applied to the center of the diaphragm is amplified through the triangular or diamond metal force transmission structure and then directly acts on the two ends of the bare grating fixed on the force transmission structure, so that the pressure is measured.
In the soil pressure sensor structure, the diaphragm is stuck with the fiber bragg grating completely, so that when the diaphragm generates deflection, the chirp of the grating is easy to cause, the peak of the grating is widened or split, and the measurement accuracy is reduced; the cantilever beam type is usually used for fixing the fiber grating by adopting epoxy resin, so that the fiber grating is easy to loosen due to glue aging, and the measured parameters such as sensitivity, measuring range, minimum resolution and the like of the sensor drift; the fixed column has the defects of complex structure, large volume and the like; the triangle or diamond force transmission structural formula has the effect of amplifying pressure, and sensitivity is high, and the grating area can avoid pasting. The pressure transmission component of the grating soil pressure sensor structure disclosed in the Chinese patent 'an optical fiber grating soil pressure sensor' (CN 102162757A) adopts a diamond structure, but a metal elastic diaphragm is arranged on a transverse diagonal line between the left corner and the right corner of the diamond structure as a force transmission structure, the optical fiber grating is adhered to the metal elastic diaphragm, the metal diaphragm is used as the force transmission structure, the problems that optical fiber chirp is easy to be caused when the diaphragm generates deflection and the optical fiber grating is easy to relax due to glue ageing exist, in addition, a pressure-bearing top cover of a sensor shell is connected with the shell through an elastic rubber pad, the ageing problem also exists, and the linearity problem also exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art, and designs the optical fiber type soil pressure sensor with the advantages of small matching error, high test precision, high stability, strong environmental adaptability and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose of using the novel materials, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an optical fiber soil pressure sensor comprises a lower shell and an upper shell which is connected with the upper part of the lower shell in a matching way; the upper shell and the lower shell are integrally formed into a flat shell after being matched and connected, the inside of the flat shell is formed into a cavity structure and is communicated with the leading-out end of the end part of the flat shell, and a pressure sensing device is arranged in the cavity; the leading-out end is connected with an optical fiber sheath; the end part of the optical fiber sheath is connected with an output optical fiber; the pressure sensing device is integrally a double-sided sensitive integrated diamond frame, and fiber gratings are welded on opposite corners of the diamond frame; the upper shell is of a cap-shaped structure with a circular boss and a circular flat diaphragm, and a square groove is formed in the center of the circular flat diaphragm; the lower shell is of a concave structure with a circular edge and a circular flat membrane, and a square groove is formed in the center of the circular flat membrane; the outer diameter of the circular boss of the upper shell is matched and connected with the inner diameter of the circular edge of the lower shell; the round flat diaphragms in the upper shell and the lower shell are pressure sensing elements of the sensor, and square grooves are formed in the centers of the round flat diaphragms and are used for fixing the diamond-shaped frame structure.
Four sides of the diamond-shaped frame of the pressure sensing device are equal in length and are strip-shaped flat plates, and cuboid prisms are arranged at four corners of the diamond-shaped frame; the prisms are all connected with four sides of the diamond frame, wherein the upper prism and the lower prism are connected with square grooves on the upper shell and the lower shell membrane and used for transmitting pressure felt by the membrane, and the left prism and the right prism are used for connecting and fixing the fiber bragg grating which is axially and penetratingly arranged.
The fiber Bragg grating is Bragg grating fiber.
The optical fiber sheath is an armored optical cable sleeve or a soft sleeve and is used for being connected with the diamond-shaped frame and protecting the output optical fiber.
The output optical fiber is an optical signal transmission optical fiber of the sensor and comprises an optical fiber connecting joint.
By implementing the invention, the good use effect is achieved: the utility model provides an optical fiber type soil pressure sensor, through the pressure sensing device of equilateral diamond frame that sets up in last casing and the lower casing, can directly act on bare grating both ends after receiving ambient pressure in diaphragm center department is enlarged, grating district is in unsettled state all the time, the grating district produces even strain, avoided grating reflection spectrum to widen and chirp phenomenon, and the double-sided sensitive characteristic of sensor, can effectively reduce the matching error of sensor and medium when free field pressure measurement in the soil, and the optical fiber is fixed adopts welding technology, creep deformation, ageing, the inefficacy scheduling problem that the sticky brings have been avoided, the long-term stability of sensor has been improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a structural view of the upper case in the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a structural view of the lower housing in the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a force analysis diagram of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. the optical fiber cable comprises an upper shell, a lower shell, a diamond-shaped frame, an optical fiber grating, an optical fiber sheath and an output optical fiber, wherein the upper shell, the lower shell, the diamond-shaped frame and the optical fiber sheath are arranged in sequence, and the optical fiber cable comprises an upper shell, the lower shell, the diamond-shaped frame, the optical fiber grating, the optical fiber sheath and the output optical fiber.
Detailed Description
The invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, an optical fiber soil pressure sensor comprises a lower casing 2 and an upper casing 1 which is connected with the upper part of the lower casing in a matching way; the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2 are matched and connected to form a flat shell integrally, the inside of the flat shell is formed into a cavity structure and is communicated with the leading-out end of the end part of the flat shell, and a pressure sensing device is arranged in the cavity; the leading-out end is connected with an optical fiber sheath 5; the end part of the optical fiber sheath 5 is connected with an output optical fiber 6; the pressure sensing device is integrally provided with a double-sided sensitive integrated diamond-shaped frame 3, and an optical fiber grating 4 is arranged on the opposite corners of the diamond-shaped frame 3 in a welding way;
the upper shell 1 is of a cap-shaped structure with a circular ring boss and a circular flat membrane, a square groove is formed in the center of the circular flat membrane, the circular ring boss is used for being connected with the lower shell 2, and the square groove is used for being connected with an upper prism of the diamond frame 3;
the lower shell 2 is of a concave structure with a circular ring edge and a circular flat membrane, a square groove is formed in the center of the circular flat membrane, and the square groove is used for being connected with a lower prism of the diamond structure 3;
the outer diameter of the circular boss of the upper shell 1 is matched and connected with the inner diameter of the circular edge of the lower shell 2, so that the circular boss of the upper shell 1 is embedded into the lower shell 2; four sides of the diamond-shaped frame 3 of the pressure sensing device are equal in length and are strip-shaped flat plates, and cuboid prisms are arranged at four corners of the diamond-shaped frame 3; the prisms are all connected with four sides of the diamond frame 3, wherein the upper prism and the lower prism are connected with square grooves on the upper shell membrane and the lower shell membrane and are used for transmitting pressure felt by the membrane, the left prism and the right prism are used for connecting and fixing fiber gratings which are arranged in an axial through mode, and force acting on the upper prism and the lower prism transmits force and pressure to the fiber gratings 4 fixed on long opposite angles through the amplification effect of the diamond frame 3;
the round flat diaphragms in the upper shell 1 and the lower shell 2 are pressure sensing elements of the sensor, and square grooves are formed in the centers of the round flat diaphragms and are used for fixing the diamond-shaped frames 3; the fiber Bragg grating 4 is a Bragg grating fiber, a section of fiber comprising a Bragg grating sensitive area is metallized by adopting methods such as magnetron sputtering or chemical plating, the fiber is fixed on the opposite corners of the diamond-shaped frame 3 in a welding mode, and a certain pretension is applied; the optical fiber sheath 5 is an optical fiber sheath pipe comprising a connecting diamond-shaped frame and a sheath pipe and is used for connecting with the diamond-shaped frame 3 and protecting an output optical fiber 6; the output optical fiber 6 is an optical signal transmission optical fiber of the sensor and comprises an optical fiber connecting joint.
As shown in fig. 5, after the optical fiber type soil pressure sensor is buried in the soil medium, the external pressure P acts on the pressure sensing diaphragm, the diamond frame 3 fixed with the diaphragm is subjected to vertical downward pressure to generate diagonal deformation, and meanwhile, a transverse tensile force F is generated to drive the optical fiber grating 4 fixed on the diamond frame 3 to be horizontally stretched to deform, so that the central wavelength of the optical fiber grating 4 is changed, the conversion of the external pressure P to the change amount of the central wavelength of the grating is realized, and the external soil pressure measurement can be realized by detecting the change of the grating wavelength. Because the diamond-shaped frame 3 is completely symmetrical, and the fiber bragg grating 4 is positioned on the central axis of the diamond-shaped frame 3, no matter how much pressure is applied, the fiber bragg grating 4 always senses uniform tensile force, so that the tensile strain of the grating is uniform, the grating chirp phenomenon is avoided, and higher measurement precision is ensured; meanwhile, the optical fiber is fixed by adopting a welding process, so that the problems of creep deformation, aging, failure and the like caused by adhesion are avoided, and the long-term stability of the sensor is improved.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, but any person skilled in the art, based on the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept thereof, can be replaced or changed equally within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An optical fiber soil pressure sensor comprises a lower shell (2) and an upper shell (1) which is connected with the upper part of the lower shell in a matching way; the method is characterized in that: the upper shell (1) and the lower shell (2) are connected in a matched manner to form a flat shell integrally, the inside of the flat shell is formed into a cavity structure and is communicated with the leading-out end of the end part of the flat shell, and a pressure sensing device is arranged in the cavity; the leading-out end is connected with an optical fiber sheath (5); an output optical fiber (6) is connected to the end part of the optical fiber sheath (5); the pressure sensing device is integrally provided with a double-sided sensitive integrated diamond-shaped frame (3), and an optical fiber grating (4) is arranged on the opposite corners of the diamond-shaped frame (3) in a welding way; the upper shell (1) is of a cap-shaped structure with a circular boss and a circular flat diaphragm, and a square groove is formed in the center of the circular flat diaphragm; the lower shell (2) is of a concave structure with a circular ring edge and a circular flat membrane, and a square groove is formed in the center of the circular flat membrane; the outer diameter of the circular boss of the upper shell (1) is in fit connection with the inner diameter of the circular edge of the lower shell (2); the round flat diaphragms in the upper shell (1) and the lower shell (2) are pressure sensing elements of the sensor, and square grooves are formed in the centers of the round flat diaphragms and are used for fixing the diamond-shaped frames (3); four sides of the diamond-shaped frame (3) of the pressure sensing device are equal in length and are strip-shaped flat plates, and rectangular prisms are arranged at four corners of the diamond-shaped frame (3); the prisms are all connected with four sides of the diamond-shaped frame (3), wherein the upper prism and the lower prism are connected with square grooves on the diaphragms of the upper shell (1) and the lower shell (2) and used for transmitting pressure felt by the diaphragms, and the left prism and the right prism are used for connecting and fixing an optical fiber grating (4) which is axially and continuously arranged.
2. An optical fiber type soil pressure sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the fiber Bragg grating (4) is a Bragg grating fiber.
3. An optical fiber type soil pressure sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber sheath (5) is an armored optical cable sleeve or a soft sleeve and is used for being connected with the diamond-shaped frame (3) and protecting the output optical fiber (6).
4. An optical fiber type soil pressure sensor as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the output optical fiber (6) is an optical signal transmission optical fiber of the sensor and comprises an optical fiber connecting joint.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110280188.XA CN112945438B (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Optical fiber type soil pressure sensor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110280188.XA CN112945438B (en) | 2021-03-16 | 2021-03-16 | Optical fiber type soil pressure sensor |
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| CN112945438A CN112945438A (en) | 2021-06-11 |
| CN112945438B true CN112945438B (en) | 2023-08-22 |
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| CN114910136A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2022-08-16 | 山东省科学院海洋仪器仪表研究所 | Push-pull fiber grating sea water tide level sensor |
| CN117848559A (en) * | 2024-03-04 | 2024-04-09 | 成都理工大学 | Landslide thrust monitoring device, assembly and monitoring method |
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