CN112945352A - Extraction method based on remote sensing data water level abnormal information - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting water level abnormal information based on remote sensing data, which comprises the following steps: extracting remote sensing data of a target waveband for data splicing; wave band synthesis; calculating a normalized water index; calculating the average value and the maximum value data of the normalized water index; generating data of a normal water area range and a maximum water area range; calculating and generating water level abnormal data by using a grid; the raster data is converted into vector data. The method can rapidly extract water level abnormal data in a large area through the remote sensing image, provides basic analysis data for comprehensive monitoring and early warning of natural disasters, and has the advantages of rapid generation, large range and historical data reproduction compared with the traditional manual on-site acquisition method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of remote sensing, and particularly relates to a method for extracting water level abnormal information based on remote sensing data.
Background
The remote sensing image processing is a technology for performing a series of operations such as radiation correction and geometric correction, image finishing, projection transformation, mosaic, feature extraction, classification, various thematic processing and the like on a remote sensing image so as to achieve the expected purpose. The technique of using a computer to perform a series of operations on a remotely sensed digital image to obtain a certain desired result is called remote sensing digital image processing.
The natural disaster comprehensive monitoring and early warning is used for monitoring and early warning of earthquakes, geological disasters, meteorological disasters, flood and drought disasters and forest and grassland fires, and the comprehensive risk assessment and forecast early warning capacity of disasters is improved, wherein water level abnormal information is important basic data for flood and drought disaster early warning.
The existing method for manually collecting the flood and drought disasters on site has the defects of poor data acquisition timeliness, small range and incapability of reproducing historical data.
The extraction of the water level abnormal data of the existing remote sensing data is not perfect, generally the normalized water body index data at a certain time point can only reflect the water body distribution condition at a certain time point, and the information of a submerged area can not be reflected.
The remote sensing image automatic interpretation is that the identification and classification result of the ground object target is automatically output through computer processing according to the difference and change of the data characteristics of the remote sensing image, and the method is a specific application of a computer mode identification technology in the field of remote sensing and can improve the speed and the objectivity of extracting information from the remote sensing data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a method for extracting water level abnormal information based on remote sensing data, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring remote sensing data, extracting the remote sensing data of a first wave band and a second wave band, and carrying out data splicing on the remote sensing data of the first wave band and the second wave band;
carrying out band synthesis on the remote sensing data of the first band and the second band;
calculating a normalized water index;
calculating average value avg data and maximum value max data of the normalized water index;
generating a projection surface image, and cutting avg data and max data according to a projection surface image area;
generating a normal water area range by using the avg data, and generating maximum water area range data by using the max data;
calculating and generating water level abnormal data by using a grid;
the raster data is converted into vector data.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can rapidly extract water level abnormal data in a large area through the remote sensing image, provides basic analysis data for comprehensive monitoring and early warning of natural disasters, and has the advantages of rapid generation, large range and historical data reproduction compared with the traditional manual on-site acquisition method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
as shown in the attached figure 1, the extraction method based on the water level abnormal information of the remote sensing data comprises the following steps:
acquiring remote sensing data, extracting the remote sensing data of a first wave band and a second wave band, and carrying out data splicing on the remote sensing data of the first wave band and the second wave band;
carrying out band synthesis on the remote sensing data of the first band and the second band;
calculating a normalized water index;
calculating average value avg data and maximum value max data of the normalized water index;
generating a projection surface image, and cutting avg data and max data by using a clip tool according to a projection surface image area;
generating a normal water area range by using the avg data, and generating maximum water area range data by using the max data;
calculating and generating water level abnormal data by using a grid;
the raster data is converted into vector data.
Specifically, the first wavelength band is a band3 wavelength band; the second wave band is a band6 wave band.
Specifically, the formula for calculating the normalized water index is as follows: (band3-band6)/(band3+ band6) where band3 is the green band and band6 is the near red band.
Specifically, the calculation formula of the average value avg data of the normalized water index is as follows:
avg＝float(b1+b2+...+bn)/n；
wherein b1, b2, … and bn are water body index data of each day, and n is the number of days of the water-enriching period;
the calculation formula of the maximum value max data of the normalized water index is as follows:
max＝float(b1>b2>b3>...>bn)。
specifically, if the maximum value max data is a value within a set range, max is 1, otherwise max is 0; if the average value avg data is a value within the set range, avg is equal to 1, otherwise, avg is equal to 0.
Specifically, the specific process of generating the water level abnormal data by using the grid calculation tool includes: the grid calculation tool adopts a formula of max + avg 10, the generated data is assigned to 11 and 10 as 0 by adopting a re-editing tool of ENVI software, and the area with the final result of 1 is the water level abnormal area.
The specific implementation process of the invention is shown in the attached drawings and comprises the following steps:
(1) taking MODIS images in the water abundance period, extracting remote sensing data of band3 and band6, and splicing the data of the two wave bands on the same day by adopting MRT software;
(2) performing band synthesis on data of the same day of band3 and band6 bands by adopting a band synthesis tool of ENVI software;
(3) calculating the nwi index (namely normalized water index), and calculating the nwi index (namely water body index data) by adopting a formula (band3-band6)/(band3+ band6) on the same day;
(4) the water body index data adopts a wave band operation tool to calculate the average value, and the formula is as follows: float (b1+ b2+. + bn)/n to obtain average value avg data, b1 and b2 are data of each day, and n is the number of days in the rich water period; maximum value formula: float (b1> b2> b3 >), which yields the maximum value max; the float function converts raster data to floating point.
(5) After the projection is set, cutting avg data and max data by using a clip tool according to the region;
(6) if the max data is in a first set range such as-0.4547 to 6.126 set to 1, the rest is 0; if the avg data is in a second set range, such as-0.527 to 0.7638, the avg data is 1, and the rest is 0, adjusting the value ranges of the mean value data and the maximum value data according to the conditions of geographic environments of different areas, so as to obtain layer data of a normal water area and a maximum water area;
(7) and (3) generating water level abnormal data by grid calculation: generating water level abnormal data by using a grid calculation tool, applying a formula max + avg 10 to the grid calculation tool, assigning values of 11 and 10 (10 is obtained after grid calculation, 11 is an area with an average value equal to 1 and a maximum value equal to 0 or 1, namely the maximum value grid is removed from the average value grid, the rest grids are water level abnormal areas) to be 0 by using a recode (recoding) tool of ENVI software, and finally, assigning the water level abnormal area as 1;
(8) and converting the raster data into a shp format to obtain water level abnormal vector data.
The invention adopts the wave band sensitive to the water body of the remote sensing data, calculates the normal area range of the water body for the data in the water abundance period, compares with the maximum area range of the water body in the same time period, and calculates the submerging area, namely the water level abnormal information. According to the invention, the water level data abnormity analysis can be carried out on any historical remote sensing image, a water level abnormity vector data distribution graph can be generated by taking one day as a period, and basic data is provided for the water level analysis.
The method can rapidly extract water level abnormal data in a large area through the remote sensing image, provides basic analysis data for comprehensive monitoring and early warning of natural disasters, and has the advantages of rapid generation, large range and historical data reproduction compared with the traditional manual on-site acquisition method.
The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the limitations of the above specific embodiments, and all technical modifications made according to the technical solution of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The extraction method based on the water level abnormal information of the remote sensing data is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
acquiring remote sensing data, extracting the remote sensing data of a first wave band and a second wave band, and splicing the remote sensing data of the first wave band and the second wave band on the same day;
carrying out band synthesis on the remote sensing data of the first band and the second band;
calculating a normalized water index;
calculating average value avg data and maximum value max data of the normalized water index;
generating a projection surface image, and cutting avg data and max data according to a projection surface image area;
generating a normal water area range by using the avg data, and generating maximum water area range data by using the max data;
generating water level anomaly data by using a grid calculation tool;
the raster data is converted into vector data.
2. The method for extracting water level abnormal information based on remote sensing data according to claim 1, wherein the first wave band is a band3 wave band; the second wave band is a band6 wave band.
3. The method for extracting water level abnormal information based on remote sensing data according to claim 1, wherein the formula for calculating the normalized water index is as follows: (band3-band6)/(band3+ band6) where band3 is the green band and band6 is the near red band.
4. The method for extracting water level abnormal information based on remote sensing data according to claim 1, wherein a calculation formula of the average value avg data of the normalized water index is as follows:
avg＝float(b1+b2+...+bn)/n；
wherein b1, b2, … and bn are water body index data of each day, and n is the number of days of the water-enriching period;
the calculation formula of the maximum value max data of the normalized water index is as follows:
max ═ float (b1> b2> b3> bn), the float function converts to floating point type for raster data.
5. The method for extracting water level abnormal information based on remote sensing data according to claim 1, wherein if the maximum max data is a value within a set range, max is 1, otherwise max is 0; if the average value avg data is a value within the set range, avg is equal to 1, otherwise, avg is equal to 0.
6. The method for extracting water level abnormal information based on remote sensing data according to claim 1, wherein the specific process of generating the water level abnormal data by using the grid computing tool is as follows: the grid calculation tool adopts a formula of max + avg 10, the generated data is assigned to 11 and 10 as 0 by adopting a re-editing tool of ENVI software, and the area with the final result of 1 is the water level abnormal area.
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