CN112945168B - Thickness detection device - Google Patents
Thickness detection device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112945168B CN112945168B CN202110446728.7A CN202110446728A CN112945168B CN 112945168 B CN112945168 B CN 112945168B CN 202110446728 A CN202110446728 A CN 202110446728A CN 112945168 B CN112945168 B CN 112945168B
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- light
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- bracket
- rotation angle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The application discloses thickness detection device includes: a bracket; the positioning plate is fixedly arranged above the bracket; the pushing mechanism is hinged on the bracket, and an arc-shaped pushing part is arranged at the end part of the pushing mechanism, which is far away from the hinge point; the pushing part is pushed against the positioning plate to form a detection channel for passing through an object to be detected; the rotation angle detection mechanism is arranged at the other end of the pushing mechanism away from the pushing part; the rotation angle detection mechanism is used for detecting the rotation angle of the pushing mechanism when the object to be detected passes through the detection channel, so as to determine the thickness of the object to be detected based on the angle obtained by detection. The thickness detection device in the application not only can accurately detect the thickness of the object to be detected, but also has a simple structure and a small volume, and can meet the requirement of equipment miniaturization.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of thickness detection, in particular to a thickness detection device.
Background
Paper thickness detection mode that uses on traditional printer adopts a plurality of gyro wheel units to drive the magnetic component who connects more, and when the paper of different thickness passed through, multistage gyro wheel drove the displacement that magnetic component produced different sizes, and magnetic component's magnetic flux is different and produce the sensing signal, and hall sensor judges the thickness of paper according to this.
The above-described method for detecting the thickness of the paper by the change of the magnetic flux has high detection accuracy, but the structure of the implementation is complicated, and the detection is performed by using a multi-stage roller structure, so that the size of the apparatus is also large, and the price cost is also high.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application adopts the following technical scheme: a thickness detection device mainly aims at solving the problems that the detection device in the prior art is complex in structure and cannot meet the requirement of equipment miniaturization.
To solve the above-mentioned problem, the present application provides a thickness detection device, including:
a bracket;
the positioning plate is fixedly arranged above the bracket;
the pushing mechanism is hinged on the bracket, and an arc-shaped pushing part is arranged at the end part of the pushing mechanism, which is far away from the hinge point; the pushing part is pushed against the positioning plate to form a detection channel for passing through an object to be detected;
the rotation angle detection mechanism is arranged at the other end of the pushing mechanism away from the pushing part; the rotation angle detection mechanism is used for detecting the rotation angle of the pushing mechanism when the object to be detected passes through the detection channel, so as to determine the thickness of the object to be detected based on the angle obtained by detection.
Optionally, the rotation angle detection mechanism includes:
the rotary table is integrally arranged with the pushing mechanism and rotates around the hinge point along with the pushing mechanism; the turntable is alternately provided with light-transmitting parts and non-light-transmitting parts around the hinge point;
the light shielding plate is covered on the first surface of the rotary table and fixedly connected with the bracket, and a fan-shaped light transmission strip is arranged on the light shielding plate along the direction parallel to the light transmission part or the non-light transmission part; the central angle corresponding to the light transmission strip is smaller than or equal to the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the light transmission part and smaller than or equal to the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the non-light transmission part; wherein the first surface is a projection plane of the orthographic projection;
the light source is fixedly arranged on the bracket corresponding to the light transmission strip of the light shielding plate;
the photocell array is fixedly arranged on the bracket corresponding to the second surface of the rotary table and is used for receiving the light signal emitted by the light source and obtaining a high-level signal when the rotary table rotates to a first position corresponding to the light transmitting part and the light transmitting strip, and stopping receiving the light signal and obtaining a low-level signal when the rotary table rotates to a second position corresponding to the light non-transmitting part and the light transmitting strip; wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface;
and the processor is electrically connected with the photocell array and is used for receiving the high-level signals and the low-level signals sent by the photocell array, and determining the rotating angle of the turntable based on the number of the high-level signals, the number of the low-level signals, the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the light transmission part and the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the non-light transmission part.
Optionally, the turntable is provided with strip-shaped grooves at equal intervals according to a preset rotation angle, the longitudinal section of each strip-shaped groove is in an inverted isosceles trapezoid shape, and the cross section of each strip-shaped groove is in a sector shape; the turntable is located in the side wall area of the strip-shaped groove to form the non-light-transmitting part, and the turntable is located in the non-side wall area of the strip-shaped groove to form the light-transmitting part.
Optionally, the bottom angle of the groove is 135 degrees;
the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the light-transmitting part is equal to the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the non-light-transmitting part in size and equal to the preset rotation angle;
the width of the opening at the top of the groove is 3 times of the width of the opening at the bottom of the groove.
Optionally, the rotation angle detection device further includes: an amplifier and a comparator;
the photocell array is electrically connected with the processor through the amplifier and the comparator in sequence.
Optionally, the thickness detection device further comprises an elastic member for resetting the pushing mechanism;
the pushing mechanism is hinged with the bracket through a hinge shaft;
the elastic piece sleeve is arranged on the hinge shaft, the telescopic end of the elastic piece is fixedly connected with the pushing mechanism, and the elastic piece sleeve is used for pulling the pushing mechanism back to the position where the elastic piece sleeve is abutted against the locating plate after an object to be detected passes through the detection channel.
Optionally, the thickness detection device further comprises a base, and the bracket is fixedly arranged on the base.
Optionally, the thickness detection device further comprises a housing for accommodating the bracket, the positioning plate, the pushing mechanism and the rotation angle detection mechanism;
the shell is provided with a notch for passing through the object to be detected at a position corresponding to the detection channel.
The thickness detection device in this application sets up angle detection device through the tip that will support pushing away the mechanism, like this when the object to be measured passes through the detection channel, support pushing away the mechanism and will rotate round the pin joint of support, the corner detection device that sets up the mechanism other end that supports pushing away this moment will detect to support pushing away mechanism pivoted angle to according to the angle and support the corresponding relation between the displacement height of pushing away the mechanism along vertical direction, become displacement height (convert the thickness of the object to be measured promptly) with the angle conversion, the thickness of the object to be measured that not only can be accurate in the angle detection device in this application detects and the structure is comparatively simple, and the volume is less, can satisfy the miniaturized demand of equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an overall structure of a thickness detection device according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a positional relationship between a transparent area and a non-transparent area of a turntable of a thickness detection device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a partial schematic view of a rotor in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of light transmission of a turntable illuminated by light in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a rotor in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a positional relationship between an elastic member and a pushing mechanism in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Various aspects and features of the present application are described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that various modifications may be made to the embodiments of the application herein. Therefore, the above description should not be taken as limiting, but merely as exemplification of the embodiments. Other modifications within the scope and spirit of this application will occur to those skilled in the art.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with a general description of the application given above and the detailed description of the embodiments given below, serve to explain the principles of the application.
These and other characteristics of the present application will become apparent from the following description of a preferred form of embodiment, given as a non-limiting example, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It is also to be understood that, although the present application has been described with reference to some specific examples, those skilled in the art can certainly realize many other equivalent forms of the present application.
The foregoing and other aspects, features, and advantages of the present application will become more apparent in light of the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Specific embodiments of the present application will be described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the application, which can be embodied in various forms. Well-known and/or repeated functions and constructions are not described in detail to avoid obscuring the application with unnecessary or excessive detail. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, but merely serve as a basis for the claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present application in virtually any appropriately detailed structure.
The specification may use the word "in one embodiment," "in another embodiment," "in yet another embodiment," or "in other embodiments," which may each refer to one or more of the same or different embodiments as per the application.
An embodiment of the present application provides a thickness detection device, as shown in fig. 1, including: the bracket 1 is fixedly provided with a positioning plate 2 above the bracket 1; the support 1 is hinged with a pushing mechanism 3, and the end part of the pushing mechanism 3 far away from the hinge point o is provided with an arc-shaped pushing part 31; the pushing portion 31 abuts against the positioning plate 2 to form a detection channel for passing through an object to be detected. The other ends of the pushing mechanism and the support, which are far away from the pushing part, are provided with corner detection mechanisms 4, and the corner detection mechanisms 4 are used for detecting the rotating angle of the pushing mechanism when an object to be detected passes through the detection channel, so as to determine the thickness of the object to be detected based on the detected angle. In this embodiment, when no object to be measured passes through the detection channel, the pushing portion 31 of the pushing mechanism 3 will contact with the positioning plate 2, i.e. the pushing portion detection origin o' of the pushing mechanism is located at the initial position a (i.e. at the solid line position); when an object to be measured passes through the space between the positioning plate 2 and the pushing portion 31, the pushing mechanism rotates around the hinge point o due to a certain thickness of the object to be measured, the position detection origin o 'moves to the position B (i.e. is located at the position of the dotted line in fig. 1), and therefore the angle detection mechanism 4 located at the other end of the pushing mechanism can detect the rotation angle of the pushing mechanism, and further the displacement height L of the origin o' detected at the position of the pushing mechanism is determined according to the corresponding relation between the predetermined angle and the displacement height, so that the thickness of the object to be measured can be obtained.
In the embodiment, the angle detecting mechanism 4 includes a turntable, a light shielding plate, a light source and a processor. Wherein, the turntable 41 is integrally arranged with the pushing mechanism and rotates around the hinging point o along with the pushing mechanism; the turntable is alternately provided with light-transmitting parts and non-light-transmitting parts around the hinge point o. The light shielding plate is covered on the first surface of the rotary table and fixedly connected with the bracket, and a fan-shaped light transmission strip is arranged on the light shielding plate along the direction parallel to the light transmission part or the non-light transmission part; the central angle corresponding to the light transmission strip is smaller than or equal to the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the light transmission part and smaller than or equal to the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the non-light transmission part; wherein the first surface is a projection plane of the orthographic projection. The light source is fixedly arranged on the bracket corresponding to the light transmission strip of the light shielding plate. The photocell array is fixedly arranged on the bracket corresponding to the second surface of the rotary table and is used for receiving the light signal emitted by the light source and obtaining a high-level signal when the rotary table rotates to a first position corresponding to the light transmitting part and the light transmitting strip, and receiving no light signal and obtaining a low-level signal when the rotary table rotates to a second position corresponding to the light non-transmitting part and the light transmitting strip; wherein the second surface is opposite to the first surface. And the processor is electrically connected with the photocell array and is used for receiving the high-level signals and the low-level signals sent by the photocell array, and determining the rotating angle of the turntable based on the number of the high-level signals, the number of the low-level signals, the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the light transmission part and the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the non-light transmission part. The positional relationship between the transparent portion and the non-transparent portion of the turntable in this embodiment may be as shown in fig. 2, and the turntable may be made of a transparent material, for example, an epoxy molding compound EMC material, and may divide the turntable into a plurality of equal sector areas according to a predetermined central angle, where the hatched portion indicates the non-transparent area and the blank portion indicates the transparent area. In particular, in the implementation process, a shading material can be coated on the shadow area to form the non-light-transmitting area. When the rotary table rotates to the light transmission area corresponding to the light transmission area, light emitted by the light source passes through the light transmission area and irradiates on the photocell array, the photocell array can be electrically connected with the processor through the amplifier and the comparator, so that when the photocell array receives a light signal, the light signal can be converted into a current signal, then the current signal is converted into a voltage signal, the digital signal is finally output through the amplifier and the comparator, and a high-level signal is output to the processor; similarly, when the turntable rotates to the position that the non-light-transmitting area corresponds to the light-transmitting strip, light emitted by the light source irradiates the non-light-transmitting area through the light-transmitting strip, and the light cannot pass through the non-light-transmitting area, so that the light cannot irradiate the photocell array, at the moment, the photocell array does not receive a light signal, and therefore no current signal is generated, and a voltage signal cannot be obtained, so that a low level is output to the processor through the comparator and the amplifier.
In this embodiment, after the processor obtains the high-level signal and the low-level signal, the rotation angle of the turntable can be determined by combining the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the light-transmitting area and the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the non-light-transmitting area, so that the displacement height of the pushing mechanism can be determined according to the rotation angle, and the thickness of the object to be measured can be finally determined. In a specific implementation process of the embodiment, a plurality of sample objects with known thickness can be passed through the detection channel in advance, the rotation angle of the pushing mechanism is detected and obtained by using the rotation angle detection mechanism, so that the rotation angle of the pushing mechanism when objects with different thicknesses pass through the detection channel is determined, namely, sample data of displacement heights (thickness of an object to be detected) of the pushing mechanism and rotation angles are obtained, and a displacement height-rotation angle relation curve is drawn by using the sample data, so that when the thickness of the object to be detected with unknown thickness is detected, after the rotation angle of the pushing mechanism is obtained, the displacement height corresponding to the rotation angle can be obtained by directly using the determined relation curve, and the thickness of the object to be detected is determined. The thickness detection device in this embodiment is mainly applied to thickness detection of an object with uniform thickness, such as paper.
The thickness detection device in this application sets up angle detection device through the tip that will support pushing away the mechanism, when the object to be measured passes through the detection passageway like this, support pushing away the mechanism and will rotate round the pin joint of support, the corner detection device who sets up the mechanism other end that supports pushing away this moment will detect to according to the angle and support the corresponding relation between pushing away the displacement height of mechanism along vertical direction, become displacement height (convert the thickness of the object to be measured promptly) with the angle conversion, the thickness of the object to be measured that angle detection device in this application not only can be accurate detects to the structure is comparatively simple, and the volume is less, can satisfy the miniaturized demand of equipment.
On the basis of the above-described embodiment, in order to more accurately detect the rotation angle of the pushing mechanism, the turntable 41 in the rotation angle detection mechanism may specifically take the form of a structure as shown in fig. 3. The turntable 41 is provided with strip-shaped grooves at equal intervals according to a preset rotation angle theta, namely, the central angle between two adjacent strip-shaped grooves is theta, the central angle corresponding to the upper opening of each strip-shaped groove is beta, and beta is 3 times of theta, the longitudinal section of each strip-shaped groove is in an inverted isosceles trapezoid shape, namely, the section of each groove along the vertical direction of 1-1 'is in an isosceles trapezoid shape, and the cross section of each strip-shaped groove is in a sector shape, namely, the section of each groove along the horizontal direction of 2-2'; the turntable is located in the side wall area of the strip-shaped groove to form the non-light-transmitting part, and the turntable is located in the non-side wall area of the strip-shaped groove to form the light-transmitting part. Specifically, an included angle gamma between the side wall of the groove and a horizontal plane parallel to the first surface of the turntable is 135 degrees; the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the light-transmitting part is equal to the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the non-light-transmitting part in size and is equal to the preset rotation angle theta; the width a of the opening at the top of the groove is 3 times that of the width b of the opening at the bottom of the groove. In this embodiment, an isosceles trapezoid groove with a width up and down can be etched on the turntable at intervals of 1 ° and the central angle corresponding to the opening at the upper part of the groove is 3 °, the central angle corresponding to the opening at the bottom of the groove is 1 °, and the base angle of the groove is 135 °, so that the central angles corresponding to the orthographic projections of the two side walls of the groove are 1 ° respectively; when the turntable rotates until the groove side wall corresponds to the light-transmitting strip, the light of the light source irradiates on the groove side wall, and the groove side wall has an inclined angle of 45 degrees, so that the light is refracted as shown in fig. 4 and does not directly irradiate on the photocell array through the groove layer side wall; when the turntable rotates to the position where the groove bottom of the groove corresponds to the light-transmitting strip or the position where the groove bottom of the groove does not correspond to the light-transmitting strip, light emitted by the light source passes through the turntable through the light-transmitting strip to irradiate on the photocell array. Because the central angle corresponding to orthographic projection of the side wall of the groove, the central angle corresponding to the bottom of the groove and the central angle of the unetched part of the turntable are equal to 1 DEG, the photocell array generates the same pulse width with high and low level in the rotating process of the turntable, and the rotating angle of the turntable can be determined only by determining the number of pulses and the rotating angle corresponding to the pulses. In this embodiment, the predetermined rotation angle may be set according to actual needs, for example, may be set to 0.3 °, 0.5 °, 0.6 °, 1.2 °, 1.5 °, 3 °, and so on, where the smaller the predetermined rotation angle is, the finer the detection accuracy of the thickness detection device is, and the turntable may be specifically etched into a pattern as shown in fig. 5.
In the specific implementation process of the embodiment, the thickness detection device further includes an elastic member 5 for resetting the pushing mechanism, where the elastic member 5 may be a spring or the like; as shown in fig. 6, the pushing mechanism 3 is hinged with the bracket 1 through a hinge shaft; the elastic piece sleeve 5 is arranged on the hinge shaft, and the telescopic end of the elastic piece 5 is fixedly connected with the pushing mechanism 3 and used for pulling the pushing mechanism back to the position where the pushing mechanism is abutted against the locating plate after an object to be detected passes through the detection channel. In the specific implementation process, the thickness detection device further comprises a base, and the support is fixedly arranged on the base. In addition, the thickness detection device can also comprise a shell for accommodating the bracket, the positioning plate, the pushing mechanism and the rotation angle detection mechanism; the shell is provided with a notch for passing through the object to be detected at a position corresponding to the detection channel. So that the paper waiting for the object to be detected can penetrate into the notch and then pass through the detection channel.
Thickness detection device in this application is through will etching banding, isosceles trapezoid groove on the carousel to set the angle with the recess tank bottom to 135, recess lateral wall just can form non-printing opacity region like this, and the carousel is at the rotation in-process, and the angle that turns over the recess lateral wall is equal with the angle size that turns over the recess tank bottom, and then can make photocell array produce the pulse that the width is the same, has laid the foundation for follow-up rotation angle according to pulse number determination carousel for the determination of carousel angle is more accurate, and then makes the conversion that awaits measuring object thickness according to carousel angle determination more accurate.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application, the scope of which is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalent arrangements may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art, which modifications and equivalents are also considered to be within the scope of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A thickness detection apparatus, characterized by comprising:
a bracket;
the positioning plate is fixedly arranged above the bracket;
the pushing mechanism is hinged on the bracket, and an arc-shaped pushing part is arranged at the end part of the pushing mechanism, which is far away from the hinge point; the pushing part is pushed against the positioning plate to form a detection channel for passing through an object to be detected;
the rotation angle detection mechanism is arranged at the other end of the pushing mechanism away from the pushing part; the rotation angle detection mechanism is used for detecting the rotation angle of the pushing mechanism when an object to be detected passes through the detection channel so as to determine the thickness of the object to be detected based on the angle obtained by detection;
the rotation angle detection mechanism includes at least:
the rotary table is integrally arranged with the pushing mechanism and rotates around the hinge point along with the pushing mechanism; the turntable is alternately provided with light-transmitting parts and non-light-transmitting parts around the hinge point;
the light shielding plate is covered on the first surface of the rotary table and fixedly connected with the bracket, and a fan-shaped light transmission strip is arranged on the light shielding plate along the direction parallel to the light transmission part or the non-light transmission part; the central angle corresponding to the light transmission strip is smaller than or equal to the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the light transmission part and smaller than or equal to the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the non-light transmission part; wherein the first surface is a projection plane of the orthographic projection;
the turntable is provided with strip-shaped grooves at equal intervals according to a preset rotation angle, the longitudinal section of each strip-shaped groove is in an inverted isosceles trapezoid shape, and the cross section of each strip-shaped groove is in a fan shape; the turntable is positioned in the side wall area of the strip-shaped groove to form the non-light-transmitting part, and the turntable is positioned in the non-side wall area of the strip-shaped groove and the interval area to form the light-transmitting part;
the bottom angle of the groove is 135 degrees;
the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the light-transmitting part is equal to the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the non-light-transmitting part in size and equal to the preset rotation angle;
the width of the opening at the top of the groove is 3 times of the width of the opening at the bottom of the groove.
2. The thickness detection apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the rotation angle detection mechanism further comprises:
the light source is fixedly arranged on the bracket corresponding to the light transmission strip of the light shielding plate;
the photocell array is fixedly arranged on the bracket corresponding to the second surface of the rotary table and is used for receiving the light signal emitted by the light source and obtaining a high-level signal when the rotary table rotates to a first position corresponding to the light transmitting part and the light transmitting strip, and stopping receiving the light signal and obtaining a low-level signal when the rotary table rotates to a second position corresponding to the light non-transmitting part and the light transmitting strip; wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface;
and the processor is electrically connected with the photocell array and is used for receiving the high-level signals and the low-level signals sent by the photocell array, and determining the rotating angle of the turntable based on the number of the high-level signals, the number of the low-level signals, the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the light transmission part and the central angle corresponding to the orthographic projection of the non-light transmission part.
3. The thickness detection apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the rotation angle detection mechanism further includes: an amplifier and a comparator;
the photocell array is electrically connected with the processor through the amplifier and the comparator in sequence.
4. The thickness detection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising an elastic member for resetting the pushing mechanism;
the pushing mechanism is hinged with the bracket through a hinge shaft;
the elastic piece sleeve is arranged on the hinge shaft, the telescopic end of the elastic piece is fixedly connected with the pushing mechanism, and the elastic piece sleeve is used for pulling the pushing mechanism back to the position where the elastic piece sleeve is abutted against the locating plate after an object to be detected passes through the detection channel.
5. The thickness detection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a base, wherein the bracket is fixedly provided on the base.
6. The thickness detection apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a housing for accommodating the bracket, the positioning plate, the pushing mechanism, the rotation angle detection mechanism;
the shell is provided with a notch for passing through the object to be detected at a position corresponding to the detection channel.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110446728.7A CN112945168B (en) | 2021-04-25 | 2021-04-25 | Thickness detection device |
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| CN202110446728.7A CN112945168B (en) | 2021-04-25 | 2021-04-25 | Thickness detection device |
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| CN112945168B true CN112945168B (en) | 2023-07-21 |
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| CN101358860A (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2009-02-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | Photo-electric angle sensor |
| CN204101060U (en) * | 2014-04-01 | 2015-01-14 | 北京通大华泉科技有限公司 | Grating encoder |
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