CN112945097B - Convex irregular object non-contact type volume measurement device and method - Google Patents
Convex irregular object non-contact type volume measurement device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112945097B CN112945097B CN202110152968.6A CN202110152968A CN112945097B CN 112945097 B CN112945097 B CN 112945097B CN 202110152968 A CN202110152968 A CN 202110152968A CN 112945097 B CN112945097 B CN 112945097B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/28—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring areas
Abstract
The invention discloses a convex irregular object non-contact type volume measuring device and a method, comprising a transparent plate, an optical fiber ring with uniformly distributed optical fiber terminals, a diaphragm collimation system, a sliding block, a power supply, a cable and an optical fiber laser; the controller, the driver, step motor, the lead screw, the bearing, the camera, computer and so on, the optical fiber ring can move upwards along with the slider, the slider passes through the lead screw, the lead screw is coaxial with step motor and bearing, the controller sends pulse information to the driver, the driver drives the step motor to rotate anticlockwise (overlook), drive the lead screw, the slider and the optical fiber ring to move upwards, the number of pulses is determined according to the height of the convex irregular object to be detected, thereby determining the moving-up step length of the optical fiber ring, the camera collects the light spots irradiated on the surface of the object by the laser and records the reference standard object, the reference standard object is transmitted to the computer through a signal line, the area enclosed by the laser light spots on each layer of surface is calculated according to the program of the computer, the volume of the object is determined, the device is low in manufacturing cost and high in precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of volume measurement, and relates to a light, mechanical and electrical integrated device, which adopts an optical fiber laser horizontal irradiation convex irregular object peripheral surface imaging method to implement non-contact volume measurement.
Background
Adopting non-contact type to measure the volume of irregular shape, which is divided into convex irregular object non-contact type volume measurement and non-convex irregular object non-contact type volume measurement, adopting fiber laser to measure the convex irregular object non-contact type volume, which has the advantages that (a) the light intensity is high; (b) the beam can be split and irradiated along different angle directions; (c) the convex objects are in a non-intersecting curve group with monotonously changed areas surrounded by two sets of contour lines.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problem of measuring the volume of the non-contact convex irregular object.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a convex irregular object non-contact type volume measuring device adopts the technical concept that: (a) placing a convex irregular object to be measured on the transparent plate; (b) the light source adopts fiber laser, the beam splitting of the fiber laser is distributed on a circular ring at equal angular intervals, and the direction of the fiber laser points to the center of the circular ring; (c) two ends of the diameter of the circular ring are connected with the screw rod through the sliding block; (d) the stepping motor drives the screw rod to rotate to drive the circular rings to ascend at equal intervals; (e) the camera collects the position of each irradiation. The method comprises the following specific steps:
a non-contact volume measuring device for convex irregular object comprises a transparent plate, an optical fiber ring with uniformly distributed optical fiber terminals, a diaphragm collimation system, a slide block, a power supply, a cable, an optical fiber laser, a controller, a driver, a stepping motor, a lead screw, a bearing, a camera and a computer, wherein the convex irregular object to be measured is placed on the transparent plate, the optical fiber ring is connected with the optical fiber laser,
the two ends of the optical fiber ring are connected with the sliding blocks and can move upwards along with the sliding blocks, the sliding blocks penetrate through the screw rod, the screw rod is coaxial with the stepping motor and the bearing, the controller sends pulse information to the driver, the driver drives the stepping motor to rotate anticlockwise to drive the screw rod, the sliding blocks and the optical fiber ring to move upwards, the number of pulses is determined according to the height of the convex irregular object to be detected, the moving-up step length of the optical fiber ring is determined, the camera shoots light spots irradiated on the surface of the object by laser, reference standard objects are collected, the area surrounded by the laser light spots on the surface of each layer is calculated through the computer, and the volume of the object is determined.
Further, the transparent plate is a glass plate; the power supply supplies power to the fiber laser, the fiber laser divides a plurality of laser beams to be uniformly and horizontally distributed on a circular optical fiber terminal ring, the emitting direction of the laser beams points to the ring center, and the diaphragm collimation system comprises a light receiving hole and an emitting hole which are in one-to-one correspondence with the optical fiber terminals, specifically: a laser beam emitted by an optical fiber terminal is provided with a group of light receiving holes and light emitting holes on the light path of the laser beam, so that the laser beam is bright and thin when being emitted to the surface of a convex irregular object.
Furthermore, the power supply supplies power to the controller through a cable, pulse number information is sent to the driver through the controller, the driver drives the stepping motor to rotate, the lower end of the screw rod is coaxial with the stepping motor, the upper end of the screw rod is coaxial with the bearing, the stepping motor is fixed on a support base fixed with the ground, a bearing shell is fixed at the upper end of the support fixed with the ground, the screw rod penetrates through the sliding block and is occluded with the sliding block through a spiral groove in the surface of the screw rod, and the stepping motor rotates anticlockwise to drive the screw rod, the sliding block and the optical fiber circular ring to move upwards; the upward moving height of the optical fiber circular ring is used for determining the number information of the pulses sent by the controller according to one fiftieth of the height of the object to be detected, specifically, the controller sends one pulse, and the stepping motor rotates for 7 degrees and 30 minutes; the controller reversely sends pulse number information to the driver, the driver drives the stepping motor to rotate, and the stepping motor rotates clockwise to drive the screw rod, the sliding block and the optical fiber ring to move downwards until the screw rod, the sliding block and the optical fiber ring are contacted with the transparent plate.
Furthermore, the optical fiber ring comprises an optical fiber terminal ring, a connecting rod between the optical fiber terminal ring and the diaphragm, wherein the optical fiber terminals in the optical fiber terminal ring are uniformly fixed on the optical fiber terminal ring, and the laser emitting directions of all the optical fiber terminals horizontally point to the ring center; the diaphragm and the optical fiber terminal ring are positioned on the same plane and are coaxial with each other in a vertical symmetry axis, the diaphragm is provided with light receiving holes and light emitting holes, the number of the light receiving holes is equal to that of the light emitting holes and is equal to that of the optical fiber terminals, and all the optical fiber terminals are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the light receiving holes and the light emitting holes and are positioned on the same straight line, so that the laser beam is ensured to be collimated, and the optical fiber terminal ring is bright and thin.
A non-contact volume measurement method for a convex irregular object is characterized in that two cameras respectively collect the positions of upper laser spots and lower laser spots of laser irradiation on the surface of the convex irregular object to be measured, and simultaneously collect reference standard objects, the positions of the collected laser spots are connected to form a closed curve, when the surface of the object to be measured is irregular and a stepping motor receives a controller and sends a driver to rotate a certain angle, the controller sends a plurality of pulse instructions to the stepping motor, so that the determined number of pulses are sent, the rotating angle of the stepping motor is determined, the simultaneous ascending heights of two sliding blocks are determined, the ascending height is the moving step length H of an optical fiber ring, the step length H depends on the height H of the convex irregular object to be measured, and H is taken as the height H of the convex irregular object to be measuredFiftieth of H, the camera collects the position of the light spot again; when the optical fiber ring does not cross the maximum area surrounded by the laser spots on the surface of the convex irregular object, the image of the position of the light spot is collected by the camera positioned below the transparent plate, the reference standard is collected at the same time, when the optical fiber ring crosses the maximum area surrounded by the laser spots on the surface of the convex irregular object, the image of the position of the light spot is collected by the camera above the support, the signal line is transmitted to the computer, the reference standard is collected at the same time, the position of the laser spot is calculated by utilizing a computer program, the position of the laser spot is connected to form the area surrounded by a closed curve, and the areas of all layers are S respectively1、S2、…、SnAnd the step height is h, the volume of the convex irregular object to be measured is
The invention of the device is as follows: a convex irregular object non-contact type volume measuring device is characterized in that a convex irregular object to be measured is placed on a transparent plate, laser emitted by an optical fiber ring of an optical fiber terminal and a diaphragm collimation system of the optical fiber ring are uniformly distributed and irradiates the surface of the convex irregular object to be measured, and a camera acquires light spots irradiated on the surface of the convex irregular object to be measured by the laser and an image of a reference standard; the optic fibre ring can be along with slider rebound, the slider passes the lead screw, lead screw and step motor, the bearing is coaxial, the controller sends pulse information and gives the driver, driver drive step motor anticlockwise (overlook) rotation, drive the lead screw, the slider, the optic fibre ring shifts up, highly confirm pulse number according to the protruding type irregular object that awaits measuring, thereby confirm that the optic fibre ring shifts up the step length, gather the facula and the image of reference standard thing of laser irradiation on the surface of the protruding type irregular object that awaits measuring by the camera again, calculate the area that each layer surface laser facula encloses through the computer, confirm the object volume.
The beneficial effect of this patent is: the stepping motor controlled by the number of pulses is used for horizontally irradiating the surface of any convex irregular object by adopting the optical fiber laser, the upper camera and the lower camera are used for collecting images of laser spots irradiated on the surface of the convex irregular object by the optical fiber laser, the images are transmitted to a computer through signal lines, the volume of the convex irregular object is calculated according to a computer program, the non-contact volume measurement is realized, the cost is low, and the accuracy is high.
Drawings
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the device.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the apparatus.
Fig. 3 a stepper motor screw bearing system.
Fig. 4 is a diagram of a fiber termination ring and its connections.
Fig. 5 shows an enlarged view of the fiber termination ring 21 and the stop 23.
In the figure: the optical fiber laser device comprises a transparent plate 1, a sliding block 101 center hole, an optical fiber ring 2, an optical fiber terminal ring 21, an optical fiber terminal 211, a connecting rod 22, a diaphragm 23, a light receiving hole 231, a light emitting hole 232, an optical fiber laser 3, a power supply 4, a cable 5, a controller 6, a driver 7, a stepping motor 8, a screw rod 9, a spiral groove 91, a signal line 98, a computer 99, a sliding block 10, a connecting rod 11, a bearing 12, a support 13, a support base 131, a support top ring 132, a camera A14, a reference standard 15 and a camera B16.
Detailed Description
In fig. 1, a transparent plate 1 is used for placing a convex irregular object to be measured, an optical fiber ring 2 is respectively fixed with two sliders 10 through two connecting rods 11 along the diameter direction, the middle of each slider 10 penetrates through a screw rod 9, wherein the two sliders 10 are respectively occluded with the screw rod 9 through a spiral groove 91, the lower ends of the two screw rods 9 are respectively coaxially fixed with rotating shafts of two stepping motors 8, the upper ends of the two screw rods 9 are respectively fixed with central holes of two bearings 12, the shells of the two bearings 12 are fixed with a bracket 13, and the two stepping motors 8 are respectively connected with a power supply 4 through a cable 5, a driver 7 and a controller 6; the optical fiber circular ring 2 is connected with an optical fiber laser 3, and the optical fiber laser 3 is connected with a power supply 4 through a cable 5; the laser emitted by the optical fiber circular ring 2 points to the horizontal ring center, when the convex irregular object to be detected is placed on the transparent plate 1, the laser emitted by the optical fiber circular ring 2 is irradiated to the surface of the convex irregular object to be detected, the positions of light spots are collected by the camera A14 and the camera B16 and are transmitted to the computer 99 through the signal line 98, and in order to quantitatively calculate the area surrounded by a closed curve formed by connecting the positions of the light spots on the same horizontal plane, a reference standard 15, such as an one-round coin, is required to be collected; when the stepping motor 8 receives a certain angle of rotation sent by the controller 6 to the driver 7, the two sliders 10 simultaneously ascend by a step length h, the camera a14 and the camera B16 acquire the position of the light spot and the information of the reference standard 15 again, and the information is transmitted to the computer 99 through the signal line 98, and it is worth noting that (a) the camera a14 and the camera B16 do not acquire the position of the light spot at the same time, and (B) two closed curves formed by connecting the positions of the light spots acquired twice adjacently do not intersect.
In fig. 2, looking down that the optical fiber ring 2 and the transparent plate 1 are both circular, parallel to the circular bracket top ring 132 above the bracket 13, and coaxial with the vertical symmetry axis, a camera a14 is placed above the axis for collecting the spot position of the upper half of the object to be measured during laser irradiation, and during collection, a reference standard substance 15 is collected together in the light path for quantitatively calculating the area surrounded by the closed curve formed by the connection of the spot positions on the same horizontal plane; the bracket 13 comprises a bracket base 131 and a bracket top ring 132 with a circular upper part, two bearings 12 are respectively fixed on two sides above the bracket 13, and two screw rods 9 are respectively fixed in central holes of the two bearings 12.
In fig. 3, the lower end of the screw rod 9 is coaxial with the stepping motor 8, the screw rod 9 is meshed with a center hole 101 of the sliding block 10 through the spiral groove 91, the upper end of the screw rod 9 is fixed and coaxial with a center hole of the bearing 12, the stepping motor 8 rotates for a certain angle after receiving information sent by the controller 6 to the driver 7, so that the lifting height H of the sliding block 10 meshed with the screw rod 9 is driven, for example, the lifting height H of the sliding block 10 is sent to the driver 7 by the controller 6, the screw rod 4 rotates for 7 degrees and 30 minutes, the number of the pulses is determined according to the height H of the convex irregular object to be measured, and laser spots of the surfaces of 50 convex irregular objects to be measured with different heights, for example, the laser spots of the lifting step length of the optical fiber ring 2 can be measured
In fig. 4, the optical fiber ring 2 includes an optical fiber terminal ring 21, a connecting rod 22 between the optical fiber terminal ring 21 and the diaphragm 23, wherein the optical fiber terminals 211 in the optical fiber terminal ring 21 are uniformly fixed on the optical fiber terminal ring 21, and the laser emitting directions of all the optical fiber terminals 211 are horizontally directed to the ring center; the diaphragm 23 and the optical fiber terminal ring 21 are located on the same plane and are coaxial with each other in a vertical symmetry axis, the diaphragm 23 is provided with light receiving holes 231 and light emitting holes 232, the number of the light receiving holes 231 is equal to that of the light emitting holes 232 and is equal to that of the optical fiber terminals 211, and all the optical fiber terminals 211 are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the light receiving holes 231 and the light emitting holes 232 and are located on the same straight line, so that laser beams are collimated, bright and thin. When placing the protruding type irregular object that awaits measuring at transparent plate 1, the laser irradiation that optical fiber laser beam sent is awaited measuring protruding type irregular object surface, optical fiber laser beam shine and be located same horizontal plane at the protruding type irregular object position on surface of awaiting measuring, the position of facula is gathered with camera B16 to camera A14 like this, has also gathered reference standard 15 simultaneously, the position of gathering the facula couple together and has formed closed curve.
In fig. 5, the optical fiber terminations 211 are uniformly distributed and fixed in the optical fiber termination ring 21 along the radial direction, the front of the light outlet of the optical fiber termination 211 is aligned with the light receiving hole 231 and the light emitting hole 232 in the diaphragm 23, and all the optical fiber terminations 211 are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the light receiving hole 231 and the light emitting hole 232 and are located on the same straight line, so that the laser beam is collimated, bright and thin.
In a successful example, the transparent plate 1 is a glass plate, an optical fiber terminal 211 is fixed in the optical fiber terminal ring 21 according to a central angle of 5 degrees, 72 optical fiber terminals 21 are uniformly distributed, 72 light-receiving holes 231 and 72 light-emitting holes 232 are arranged on the diaphragm 23 and are positioned on the same horizontal plane with the optical fiber terminal 21, the 72 light-receiving holes and the 72 light-emitting holes are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the directions of the 72 optical fiber terminals 211 to form a diaphragm 23 collimation system, a laser beam passing through the light-emitting holes 232 irradiates the surface of a convex irregular object to be detected and is bright and thin, the positions of light spots collected by the camera A14 and the camera B16 are collected, and meanwhile, the reference standard 15 is collected, the positions of the collected light spots are connected to form a closed curve, and it is worth noting that the camera A14 or a camera A takes a photograph of the object to be detected has an irregular surfaceThe laser spot collected by the image head B16 is a bright sheet, and the edge of a dark area in the middle of the bright sheet forms a closed curve; the stepping motor 8 receives information sent by the controller 6 to the driver 7, and when the stepping motor rotates anticlockwise by a certain angle (overlook), the stepping motor drives the screw rod 9, the slide block 10 and the optical fiber ring 2 to move upwards, the certain angle is that the controller 6 sends out a plurality of pulse instructions, for example, one pulse driver 7 drives the stepping motor 8 to rotate for 7 degrees and 30 minutes, so that the determined number of pulses is sent, the rotating angle of the stepping motor 8 is determined, the simultaneous rising height of the two slide blocks 10 is determined, when the controller 6 sends back driving information to the driver 7, the stepping motor rotates clockwise (overlook), the screw rod 9, the slide block 10 and the optical fiber ring 2 are driven to move downwards until the slide block 1 is contacted with the transparent plate 1 to stop, the rising height is the moving step length H of the optical fiber ring 2, and the step length height H depends on the height H of the convex irregular object to be detected, preferably, H is one fiftieth of H, and the position of the light spot is collected again by the camera A14 and the camera B16; when the optical fiber ring 2 does not cross the maximum area surrounded by the laser spots on the surface of the convex irregular object, the camera B16 collects the image of the position of the spots, and collects the reference standard object, such as a round coin, and transmits the reference standard object to the computer 99 through the signal line 98, when the optical fiber ring 2 crosses the maximum area surrounded by the laser spots on the surface of the convex irregular object, the camera A14 collects the image of the position of the spots, and collects the reference standard object, such as a round coin, and transmits the reference standard object to the computer 99 through the signal line 98, the positions of the laser spots are connected to form the area surrounded by a closed curve according to the computer program, and the areas of all layers are S respectively1、S2、…、SnAnd the step height is h, the volume of the convex irregular object to be measured is
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides a protruding type irregular object non-contact volume measuring device which characterized in that: the device comprises a transparent plate, an optical fiber ring with uniformly distributed optical fiber terminals and a diaphragm collimation system thereof, a slide block, a power supply, a cable, an optical fiber laser, a controller, a driver, a stepping motor, a lead screw, a bearing, a camera and a computer, wherein a convex irregular object to be detected is placed on the transparent plate, the optical fiber ring is connected with the optical fiber laser, the slide block is connected with two ends of the optical fiber ring and can move upwards along with the slide block, the slide block penetrates through the lead screw, the lead screw is coaxial with the stepping motor and the bearing, the controller sends pulse information to the driver, the driver drives the stepping motor to rotate anticlockwise to drive the lead screw, the slide block and the optical fiber ring to move upwards, the number of pulses is determined according to the height of the convex irregular object to be detected, so as to determine the upwards moving step length of the optical fiber ring, the camera shoots laser spots irradiated on the surface of the object, collects a reference standard substance, and calculates the area surrounded by the laser spots on each layer of the surface through the computer, determining an object volume;
the transparent plate is a glass plate; the power supply supplies power to the fiber laser, the fiber laser divides a plurality of laser beams to be uniformly and horizontally distributed on a circular optical fiber terminal ring, the emitting direction of the laser beams points to the ring center, and the diaphragm collimation system comprises a light receiving hole and an emitting hole which are in one-to-one correspondence with the optical fiber terminals, specifically: a laser beam emitted by an optical fiber terminal is provided with a group of light receiving holes and light emitting holes on the light path of the laser beam, so that the laser beam is bright and thin when being emitted to the surface of a convex irregular object.
2. The non-contact volumetric measuring device of a convex irregular object according to claim 1, wherein: the power supply supplies power to the controller through a cable, pulse number information is sent to the driver through the controller, the driver drives the stepping motor to rotate, the lower end of the screw rod is coaxial with the stepping motor, the upper end of the screw rod is coaxial with the bearing, the stepping motor is fixed on a support base fixed with the ground, a bearing shell is fixed at the upper end of the support fixed with the ground, the screw rod penetrates through the sliding block and is occluded with the sliding block through a spiral groove on the surface of the screw rod, and the stepping motor rotates anticlockwise to drive the screw rod, the sliding block and the optical fiber circular ring to move upwards; the upward moving height of the optical fiber circular ring is used for determining the number information of the pulses sent by the controller according to one fiftieth of the height of the object to be detected, specifically, the controller sends one pulse, and the stepping motor rotates for 7 degrees and 30 minutes; the controller reversely sends pulse number information to the driver, the driver drives the stepping motor to rotate, and the stepping motor rotates clockwise to drive the screw rod, the sliding block and the optical fiber ring to move downwards until the screw rod, the sliding block and the optical fiber ring contact the transparent plate.
3. The non-contact volumetric measuring device of a convex irregular object according to claim 1, wherein: the optical fiber ring comprises an optical fiber terminal ring, a connecting rod between the optical fiber terminal ring and the diaphragm, wherein the optical fiber terminals in the optical fiber terminal ring are uniformly fixed on the optical fiber terminal ring, and the laser emitting directions of all the optical fiber terminals horizontally point to the ring center; the diaphragm and the optical fiber terminal ring are positioned on the same plane and are coaxial with each other in a vertical symmetry axis, the diaphragm is provided with light receiving holes and light emitting holes, the number of the light receiving holes is equal to that of the light emitting holes and is equal to that of the optical fiber terminals, and all the optical fiber terminals are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the light receiving holes and the light emitting holes and are positioned on the same straight line, so that the laser beam is ensured to be collimated, and the optical fiber terminal ring is bright and thin.
4. A measuring method using the non-contact type volume measuring device for the convex irregular object according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the two cameras respectively collect the positions of the upper part laser spots and the lower part laser spots irradiated on the surface of the convex irregular object to be detected by laser, and simultaneously collect a reference standard object, the positions of the collected laser spots are connected to form a closed curve, when the surface of the object to be detected is irregular, the stepping motor receives the control signal and sends a driver to rotate by a certain angle, the certain angle is used for sending a plurality of pulse instructions by the control signal, so that the determined number of pulses is sent, the rotating angle of the stepping motor is determined, the simultaneous rising height of the two sliding blocks is determined, the rising height is the moving step length H of the optical fiber circular ring, the step length H depends on the height H of the convex irregular object to be detected, H is one fiftieth of H, and the cameras collect the positions of the laser spots again; when the optical fiber ring does not haveCross when protruding type irregular object surface laser facula enclosed area is the biggest, gather the image of the position of laser facula by the camera that shines that is located the transparent plate below, gather the reference standard thing simultaneously, cross protruding type irregular object surface laser facula enclosed area when the optic fibre ring is the biggest, gather the image of the position of laser facula by the camera of support top, the computer is transmitted for through the signal line, the position that utilizes computer program to calculate the laser facula links up and forms the area that closed curve encloses, each layer area is S respectively1、S2、…、SnAnd the step height is h, the volume of the convex irregular object to be measured is
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