CN112941451A - 一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法 - Google Patents

一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法 Download PDF

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CN112941451A
CN112941451A CN202110094637.1A CN202110094637A CN112941451A CN 112941451 A CN112941451 A CN 112941451A CN 202110094637 A CN202110094637 A CN 202110094637A CN 112941451 A CN112941451 A CN 112941451A
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曹学强
袁洁燕
王进双
蒋佳宁
邓龙辉
曹沁
周鑫
董淑娟
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Abstract

本发明公开一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，即制备热障涂层后，将热障涂层在真空或惰性气体环境下、800℃~1100℃之间保温1~3小时，然后在大气环境下、400℃~600℃之间保温0.5~1小时。本发明通过对热障涂层进行后续热处理方法来提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性，在自然环境下的贮存寿命达到10年以上。

Description

一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法
技术领域
本发明属于燃气轮机的热防护技术，具体涉及一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法。
背景技术
热障涂层是金属基体表面起隔热作用的涂层，包括金属基体表面起抗氧化和缓冲热膨胀作用的金属层以及起隔热作用的陶瓷层。热障涂层的制备过程是：在金属基体表面先制备金属层，厚度0.05～0.15mm；然后在金属层的表面制备陶瓷层，厚度0.1～0.25mm。热障涂层已大量应用于航空发动机、航天发动机、地面燃气轮机和弹箭的热防护。
热障涂层是金属基体表面起隔热作用的涂层，包括金属层MCrAlY(M＝Ni，Co)和表面陶瓷层。热障涂层的表面陶瓷层材料都含有稀土氧化物(R2O3，R＝La、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu)，比如氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(Y2O3-ZrO2，YSZ)、稀土锆酸盐(R2Zr2O7，RZ)、稀土铝酸盐(RMgAl11O19，RMA)和稀土钽酸盐(R2O3-nTa2O3，n＝1～3，RT)等。
现有技术中，制备热障涂层的方法都是高温方法，有两大类：
(1)等离子喷涂(plasma spraying，PS)，等离子火焰温度高达6000℃～10000℃，包括大气等离子喷涂(atmospheric plasma spraying，APS)、低压等离子喷涂(lowpressure plasma spraying，LPPS)、等离子喷涂-物理气相沉积(plasma spraying-physical vapor deposition，PS-PVD)、液相等离子喷涂(solution plasma spraying，SPS)和液相前驱体等离子喷涂(solution precursor plasma spraying，SPPS)。
(2)电子束-物理气相沉积(electron beam-physical vapor deposition，EB-PVD)，电子束加热温度3000℃以上。
在陶瓷层的制备过程中，陶瓷材料都会发生部分分解，分解产生对应的组成氧化物，比如YSZ分解成Y2O3和ZrO2，RMA分解成R2O3、MgO和Al2O3，RT分解成R2O3和Ta2O3。稀土氧化物都属于碱性氧化物，在潮湿空气中与水蒸气和二氧化碳反应，体积膨胀，长期在自然环境下贮存会导致涂层内部产生裂纹甚至粉化，极大降低了热障涂层在自然环境下的稳定性。如果热障涂层发生了粉化，就失去了热防护作用，对发动机是一个重大的安全隐患。
目前，所有有关热障涂层的专利和其他文献，都没有涉及到后续热处理方法，都无法满足自然环境下长期贮存的要求，贮存寿命难以超过5年。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对上述现有技术存在的不足而提供一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，可以极大提热障涂层的稳定性，在自然环境下的贮存寿命达到10年以上。
本发明为解决上述提出的问题所采用的技术方案为：
一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，即制备热障涂层后，将热障涂层在真空或惰性气体环境下、800℃～1100℃之间保温1～3小时，然后在大气环境下、400℃～600℃之间保温0.5～1小时。
按上述方案，所述热障涂层包括金属层和表面陶瓷层，金属层为MCrAlY(M＝Ni，Co)系列高温合金；表面陶瓷层为氧化钇稳定的氧化锆(Y2O3-ZrO2，YSZ)、稀土锆酸盐(R2Zr2O7，RZ)、稀土铝酸盐(RMgAl11O19，RMA)和稀土钽酸盐(R2O3-nTa2O3，n＝1～3，RT)等形成的涂层。
按上述方案，所述热障涂层的制备过程是：在金属基体表面用多弧离子镀、超音速火焰喷涂或等离子喷涂的方法制备金属层，厚度0.05～0.15mm；然后在金属层的表面用电子束-物理气相沉积或等离子喷涂的方法制备陶瓷层，厚度0.1～0.25mm。
按上述方案，所述金属基体包括燃气轮机的导向叶片、动叶片、燃烧室和尾喷管等。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
首先，本发明提供了一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，通过对热障涂层进行后续热处理方法来实现，可以极大提热障涂层的稳定性，在自然环境下的贮存寿命达到10年以上。
而且，本发明经过对热障涂层进行后续热处理，沉积态涂层内部分解产生的组成氧化物将再次发生反应，在潮湿空气中就不会吸收水蒸气和二氧化碳，涂层的稳定性得到显著提高，一方面，金属层与金属基体之间进行了元素扩散、提高了金属层与基体之间的致密性；另外一方面，陶瓷层内部分解产生的组成氧化物将再次发生反应，极大提高了陶瓷层在自然环境下的稳定性，降低了粉化风险。
第三，本发明涉及的热障涂层后续热处理方法，不改变目前热障涂层的材料体系，过程简单，适合于热障涂层生产企业的工程化应用。
附图说明
图1是实施例3中热障涂层热处理后的涂层外观。
图2是实施例3中热障涂层热处理后再经过高温高压加速湿热试验240小时后的涂层外观。
具体实施方式
为了更好地理解本发明，下面结合实施例进一步阐明本发明的内容，但本发明不仅仅局限于下面的实施例。
实施例1
一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，将热障涂层在惰性气体环境下、800℃保温3小时，然后在大气环境下、600℃保温0.5小时。其中，所述热障涂层的制备方法为：通过多弧离子镀的方法在金属基体表面制备MCrAlY金属层，厚度0.05mm；然后通过电子束-物理气相沉积的方法在金属层表面制备YSZ陶瓷层，厚度0.1mm。
实施例2
一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，将热障涂层在惰性气体环境下、900℃保温2小时，然后在大气环境下、500℃保温1小时。其中，所述热障涂层的制备方法为：通过超音速火焰喷涂方法在金属基体表面制备MCrAlY金属层，厚度0.15mm；通过等离子喷涂方法在金属层表面制备稀土铝酸盐陶瓷层，厚度0.25mm。
实施例3
一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，将热障涂层在真空环境下、1050℃保温1小时，然后在大气环境下、600℃保温0.5小时。其中，所述热障涂层的制备方法为：通过超音速火焰喷涂方法在金属基体表面制备MCrAlY金属层，厚度0.1mm；通过等离子喷涂方法在金属层表面制备YSZ陶瓷层，厚度0.15mm。
图1是热障涂层热处理后的涂层外观。图2是经过高温高压加速湿热试验240小时后的涂层外观，涂层外观完整、没有出现裂纹或粉化现象、没有发生相变。
高温高压加速湿热试验过程是：在一个高压釜内放入容积2/3的去离子水，水上部有一个筛网，筛网上放置热障涂层样品；将高压釜加热至160℃，内部气压达到0.6MPa，保温240小时。该高温高压加速湿热试验1小时对YSZ陶瓷层的破坏作用相当于在自然环境下贮存至少0.5个月的变化，即高温高压加速湿热试验240小时相当于自然环境贮存至少10年。而不经过本发明所述方法处理，YSZ陶瓷层直接在高温高压加速湿热试验过程中会产生严重的相变、裂纹甚至粉化。
实施例4
一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，将热障涂层在真空环境下、1100℃保温1小时，然后在大气环境下、400℃保温1小时。其中，所述热障涂层的制备方法为：通过超音速火焰喷涂方法在金属基体表面制备MCrAlY金属层，厚度0.15mm；通过等离子喷涂方法在金属层表面制备稀土钽酸盐陶瓷层，厚度0.2mm。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变换，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，其特征在于在制备热障涂层后，将热障涂层在真空或惰性气体环境下、800℃~1100℃之间保温1~3小时，然后在大气环境下、400℃~600℃之间保温0.5~1小时。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，其特征在于所述热障涂层包括金属层和表面陶瓷层，金属层为MCrAlY系列高温合金，其中，M=Ni或Co；表面陶瓷层为氧化钇稳定的氧化锆、稀土锆酸盐、稀土铝酸盐和稀土钽酸盐中一种或几种形成的涂层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，其特征在于所述热障涂层的制备过程是：在金属基体表面先制备金属层，厚度0.05~0.15 mm；然后在金属层的表面制备陶瓷层，厚度0.1~0.25 mm。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，其特征在于所述热障涂层的制备过程是：用多弧离子镀、超音速火焰喷涂或等离子喷涂的方法在金属基体表面制备金属层，然后用电子束-物理气相沉积或等离子喷涂的方法在金属层的表面制备陶瓷层。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，其特征在于所述金属基体包括燃气轮机的导向叶片、动叶片、燃烧室和尾喷管。
6.一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，其特征在于将热障涂层在惰性气体环境下、800℃保温3小时，然后在大气环境下、600℃保温1小时。
7.一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，其特征在于将热障涂层在惰性气体环境下、900℃保温2小时，然后在大气环境下、500℃保温1小时。
8.一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，其特征在于将热障涂层在真空环境下、1050℃保温1小时，然后在大气环境下、600℃保温0.5小时。
9.一种提高热障涂层在自然环境下稳定性的方法，其特征在于将热障涂层在真空环境下、1100℃保温1小时，然后在大气环境下、400℃保温1小时。
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