CN112940824A - Application and preparation method of lubricating oil additive, high-temperature lubricating oil, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Application and preparation method of lubricating oil additive, high-temperature lubricating oil, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/085—Phosphorus oxides, acids or salts
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
- C10M2209/1045—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only used as base material
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- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/22—Heterocyclic nitrogen compounds
- C10M2215/221—Six-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of lubricating oil, and particularly relates to application and a preparation method of a lubricating oil additive, high-temperature lubricating oil and a preparation method and application of the high-temperature lubricating oil additive. In the invention, the silicon diphosphide nanosheet has good dispersibility and dispersion stability in lubricating oil, and still has good friction-reducing and wear-resisting effects at 150 ℃ and 200 ℃. The embodiment result shows that the silicon diphosphide nanosheet provided by the invention is added into lubricating oil as a lubricating oil additive, so that the lubricating oil still has a low friction coefficient and a low wear rate under high-temperature and high-speed working conditions, and the technical problem that the lubricating oil in the prior art has a high friction coefficient and a high wear rate under high-temperature and high-speed working conditions is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lubricating oil, and particularly relates to application and a preparation method of a lubricating oil additive, high-temperature lubricating oil and a preparation method and application of the high-temperature lubricating oil additive.
Background
With the rapid development of science and technology, modern industry is facing more severe service conditions, such as high speed and high temperature, which all result in the increase of the surface temperature of the friction pair, and the high temperature condition has a great influence on the friction coefficient and the wear rate of the friction pair system. Therefore, development of a high-temperature lubricating oil and a high-temperature lubricating additive, which are compounded into a lubricating oil used under high-temperature conditions, has been a focus of recent research in the field of lubrication, and the lubricating oil additive is called "essence" of the lubricating oil because it can impart extremely high performance to the lubricating oil with a very small amount of addition.
The existing lubricating oil additives are divided into organic lubricating oil additives, inorganic lubricating oil additives and organic-inorganic lubricating oil additives, and the three lubricating oil additives can provide certain antifriction and antiwear effects, but the lubricating oil additives containing organic components are easy to volatilize in a high-temperature environment, and finally lose the effect of reducing the friction coefficient of the lubricating oil; the conventional inorganic lubricating oil additive has poor friction coefficient reducing effect, and the friction reducing and wear resisting effects are less obvious in high-temperature environment. How to solve the problem that the lubricating oil additive has poor friction-reducing and wear-resisting effects under the high-temperature environment and the high-temperature environment using condition caused by high speed is a technical problem to be solved urgently in modern industry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an application and a preparation method of a lubricating oil additive, high-temperature lubricating oil, a preparation method of the high-temperature lubricating oil and an application of the high-temperature lubricating oil.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an application of a lubricating oil additive in high-temperature lubricating oil, wherein the lubricating oil additive is a silicon diphosphide nanosheet.
Preferably, the average particle diameter of the silicon diphosphide nanosheets is 100-2000 nm, and the average thickness is 1-20 nm.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the silicon diphosphide nanosheet serving as the lubricating oil additive, which comprises the following steps:
mixing silicon phosphide powder with a polar organic solvent, and sequentially carrying out ultrasonic treatment, stirring and solid-liquid separation to obtain a supernatant containing silicon phosphide nanosheets;
and drying the supernatant containing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets to obtain the silicon diphosphide nanosheets.
Preferably, the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic is 1000-1500W, the ultrasonic frequency is 20-30 kHz, and the ultrasonic time is 2-10 h; the stirring speed is 500-1000 rpm, and the stirring time is 2-10 h.
The invention also provides high-temperature lubricating oil which comprises the following components: lubricating oil additives and base oils; the lubricating oil additive is a silicon diphosphide nanosheet obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme.
Preferably, the base oil comprises one or more of ionic liquid, polyethylene glycol base oil, synthetic ester oil and ether lubricating oil.
Preferably, the silicon diphosphide nanosheet is 0.01-0.1% by mass in the high-temperature lubricating oil.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-temperature lubricating oil, which comprises the following steps:
and mixing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets with base oil to obtain the high-temperature lubricating oil.
The invention also provides the application of the high-temperature lubricating oil in the technical scheme or the high-temperature lubricating oil prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in high-temperature lubrication.
The invention also provides application of the high-temperature lubricating oil in the technical scheme or the high-temperature lubricating oil prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in metal-metal, metal-polymer or metal-ceramic friction pairs.
The invention provides an application of silicon diphosphide nanosheets in high-temperature lubricating oil. In the invention, the silicon diphosphide nanosheet is used as a novel two-dimensional material, is of a layered structure, and has high thermal stability, strong in-layer acting force and weak interlayer shearing acting force. In the using process, the silicon diphosphide nanosheets can migrate to the surface of the friction pair due to small size, and a friction protective film for reducing wear is formed on the surface of the friction pair under the action of a deposition effect and a stacking effect, and the protective film has excellent friction reduction and wear resistance, so that the high-temperature lubricating oil provided by the invention can still have a low friction coefficient and a low wear rate in a high-temperature environment and a high-temperature environment caused by high speed. The results of the embodiment show that when the silicon diphosphide nanosheet is used as the lubricating oil additive in the high-temperature lubricating oil, the obtained high-temperature lubricating oil still has high friction-reducing and wear-resisting effects at the temperature of more than 150 ℃ and in a high-temperature environment caused by high speed.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only the drawings referred to in some embodiments of the present invention for explaining the advantages of the technical solutions of the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a ball and stick model of silicon diphosphide and lone pair electrons of phosphorus atoms;
FIG. 2 is an atomic force microscope image of silicon diphosphide nanosheets prepared in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a transmission electron micrograph of the silicon diphosphide nanosheets prepared in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a friction coefficient chart of the lubricating oil and the PEG-400 base oil prepared in examples 1 to 8 under a load condition;
FIG. 5 is a graph of friction coefficients at 150 ℃ and 200 ℃ for the high temperature lubricating oil and the PEG lubricating oil prepared in example 1;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the wear volumes of the high temperature lubricant and the PEG lubricant prepared in example 1 at 150 ℃ and 200 ℃.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an application of a lubricating oil additive in high-temperature lubricating oil, wherein the lubricating oil additive is a silicon diphosphide nanosheet.
In the invention, the average particle size of the silicon diphosphide nanosheets is preferably 100-2000 nm, more preferably 500-1500 nm, and even more preferably 1300 nm; the average thickness is preferably 1 to 20nm, more preferably 5 to 15nm, and still more preferably 9 nm. The silicon diphosphide nanosheet is used as a lubricating oil additive, the silicon diphosphide nanosheet is considered as a novel two-dimensional material, is of a layered structure, has high thermal stability and strong in-layer acting force and weak in-layer shearing acting force, and can effectively play a role in reducing the friction coefficient and the wear rate; furthermore, the invention also limits the average particle size and thickness of the silicon diphosphide nanosheets, not only ensures the small size of the silicon diphosphide nanosheets and further fully disperses in the lubricating oil, but also can avoid the undersize of the silicon diphosphide nanosheets, and has no antifriction and antiwear effect.
The invention provides a preparation method of silicon diphosphide nanosheets as a lubricating oil additive, which comprises the following steps:
mixing silicon phosphide powder with a polar organic solvent, and sequentially carrying out ultrasonic treatment, stirring and solid-liquid separation to obtain a supernatant containing silicon phosphide nanosheets;
and drying the supernatant containing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets to obtain the silicon diphosphide nanosheets.
The method comprises the steps of mixing silicon phosphide powder with a polar organic solvent, and sequentially carrying out ultrasonic treatment, stirring and solid-liquid separation to obtain supernatant containing silicon phosphide nanosheets. The invention has no special requirements on the source of the silicon phosphide powder and can be prepared by using a commercial product or a laboratory. The source of the polar organic solvent is not particularly required in the present invention, and commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art may be used.
When the silicon phosphide powder is provided in a self-prepared manner, the method for preparing the silicon phosphide powder preferably comprises: and grinding the silicon phosphide single crystal to obtain silicon phosphide powder. In the invention, the grinding time is preferably 10-30 min, more preferably 15-25 min, and more preferably 20 min; the grinding is preferably carried out by manually grinding by using an agate mortar; the average particle size of the silicon phosphide powder is preferably 50-100 micrometers, more preferably 70-80 micrometers, and even more preferably 75 micrometers; the average thickness of the silicon phosphide powder is preferably 1-2 μm, more preferably 1.2-1.8 μm, and even more preferably 1.5 μm.
In the present invention, the silicon phosphide single crystal is preferably 5 to 10mm × 0.5mm × 0.5mm, and the silicon phosphide single crystal is preferably formed according to the document "Structure and growth of Single Crystal silicon2The experimental method described in using flash method "(Zhang X, Wang S, Ruan H, et al Solid State Sciences). The preparation method of the silicon diphosphide single crystal comprises the following steps: mixing simple substances of Si, P, Sn and Gd according to a molar ratio of Si: p: sn: gd ═ 1: 6: 5: 0.03, mixing, transferring to a quartz tube, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10 with a molecular pump-3Pa, sealing by using oxyhydrogen flame, placing the quartz tube in a synthesis furnace, and controlling the temperature by using an FP23 temperature control meter, wherein the temperature control program is as follows: the initial temperature is room temperature, the temperature is raised to 723K and kept constant for 36h, then the temperature is raised to 973K and kept constant for 36h, then the temperature is raised to 1123K and kept constant for 48h, then the temperature is lowered to 1073K through 25h, then the temperature is lowered to 873K through 50h, then the temperature is lowered to 673K through 25h, and then the temperature is cooled to room temperature. Placing the sintered sample in a concentrated hydrochloric acid (with the mass concentration of 36-38%) and water in a volume ratio of 1: 1, removing Sn in the sample, cleaning by using ethanol and drying at 333K to obtain the silicon diphosphide single crystal.
After the silicon phosphide powder is obtained, the silicon phosphide powder is mixed with a polar organic solvent, and the supernatant containing the silicon phosphide nanosheets is obtained through ultrasonic treatment, stirring and solid-liquid separation in sequence. In the present invention, the polar organic solvent preferably includes one or more of acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and dimethylformamide, and further preferably acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone or dimethylformamide; when the polar organic solvent preferably comprises more than two of acetone, absolute ethyl alcohol, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and dimethylformamide, the mass ratio of the specific substances is not specially required, and any ratio can be utilized. The invention has no special requirement on the source of the polar organic solvent, and can be realized by using a commercial product.
The invention carries out ultrasonic treatment on the mixed solution of silicon phosphide powder and polar organic solvent to obtain the ultrasonic stripping liquid. In the invention, the power of the ultrasonic wave is preferably 1000-1500W, more preferably 1200-1300W, and more preferably 1250W; the ultrasonic frequency is preferably 20-30 kHz, more preferably 22-28 kHz, and even more preferably 25 kHz; the ultrasonic time is preferably 2-10 h, more preferably 4-8 h, and even more preferably 6 h. In the invention, the silicon diphosphide powder can be stripped by the ultrasound to obtain the silicon diphosphide nanosheets with smaller particle size and thickness, and the preliminary ultrasound solution is subjected to ultrasound by utilizing specific ultrasound power, frequency and time, so that the problems that the ultrasound power, frequency and time are too short, the ultrasound degree is insufficient, the silicon diphosphide nanosheets cannot be effectively stripped, and the problems that the ultrasound power, frequency and time are too long, the particle size and thickness of the silicon diphosphide nanosheets are too small, and the effects of reducing the friction coefficient and wear rate of lubricating oil by using the lubricating oil additive cannot be achieved are avoided. The ultrasonic stripping equipment has no special requirements, and the ultrasonic equipment known by the person skilled in the art can be used.
Before the ultrasonic treatment, the mixed solution of the silicon diphosphide powder and the polar organic solvent is preferably dispersed by using preliminary ultrasonic treatment, and the more uniform mixed solution of the silicon diphosphide powder and the polar organic solvent can be obtained by using the preliminary ultrasonic dispersion, so that the stripping degree of the subsequent silicon diphosphide nanosheets is favorably improved. In the invention, the ultrasonic power of the preliminary ultrasonic is preferably 150-300W, more preferably 180-250W, more preferably 200W, and the time of the preliminary ultrasonic is preferably 1-3 h, more preferably 1.5-2.5 h, more preferably 2 h. The present invention has no special requirements for the equipment of the preliminary ultrasound, and can utilize ultrasonic equipment well known to those skilled in the art.
After the ultrasonic stripping liquid is obtained, stirring the ultrasonic stripping liquid to obtain a stirring solution; the stirring speed is preferably 500-1000 rpm, more preferably 600-900 rpm, and even more preferably 750 rpm; the stirring time is preferably 2-10 h, more preferably 4-8 h, and even more preferably 6h, and the stirring is preferably performed by using a rapid dispersion machine. According to the invention, the rapid dispersion machine is matched with a higher stirring rotating speed, so that the rotating blade can generate a larger tangential force in the stirring process, the sample can be fully mixed, meanwhile, the cutting action of the rotating blade can cut a large-particle sample into small-size particles, and the prepared silicon phosphide nanosheet has higher dispersibility and smaller particle size.
After the stirred solution is obtained, the stirred solution is subjected to solid-liquid separation to obtain a supernatant containing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets. In the invention, the solid-liquid separation mode is preferably centrifugation, and the centrifugation speed is preferably 3000-10000 r/min, more preferably 4500-8500 r/min, and more preferably 6500 r/min; the centrifugation time is preferably 30-100 min, more preferably 50-80 min, and even more preferably 65 min. According to the invention, the stirring solution is centrifuged at a specific centrifugation speed and time, so that the poor centrifugation effect caused by insufficient centrifugation speed and time is avoided, the solid silicon phosphide powder cannot be completely separated from the supernatant containing the silicon phosphide nanosheets, and the problem that the yield of the silicon phosphide nanosheets is reduced due to the separation of the silicon phosphide nanosheets caused by overhigh centrifugation speed and time is also avoided.
After the supernatant containing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets is obtained, the supernatant is dried to obtain the silicon diphosphide nanosheets. In the present invention, the supernatant is preferably 67% to 80%, more preferably 70% to 77%, and still more preferably 74% of the volume of the liquid after solid-liquid separation; the drying temperature is preferably 80-150 ℃, more preferably 100-130 ℃, and more preferably 115 ℃; the drying time is preferably 1-3 h, more preferably 1.5-2.5 h, and even more preferably 2 h; the drying is preferably carried out in a drying oven. According to the invention, the stirring solution containing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets is centrifuged, the silicon diphosphide nanosheets in the solid-liquid separation solution are distributed from top to bottom according to the mass, and the solid-liquid separation solution with a specific proportion is taken as the supernatant for subsequent drying, so that the size of the silicon diphosphide nanosheets can be further ensured to meet the requirement of a lubricating oil additive.
The diameter and average thickness of the silicon diphosphide nanosheet obtained by the preparation method of the invention are consistent with those of the silicon diphosphide nanosheet in the technical scheme, and are not repeated herein.
The invention also provides high-temperature lubricating oil which comprises the following components: lubricating oil additives and base oils; the lubricating oil additive is a silicon diphosphide nanosheet prepared by the technical scheme. In the present invention, the base oil preferably includes one or more of an ionic liquid, a polyethylene glycol base oil, a synthetic ester oil, and an ether lubricating oil, and more preferably a liquid paraffin or a polyalphaolefin; the mass percentage content of the silicon diphosphide nanosheet in the lubricating oil is preferably 0.01-0.1%, more preferably 0.03-0.08%, and even more preferably 0.05%. The high-temperature lubricating oil provided by the invention utilizes the silicon diphosphide nanosheets with limited mass percentage as the lubricating oil additive, so that the problems that the silicon diphosphide nanosheets have low content and cannot play a role in friction reduction and wear resistance are avoided, and the waste of raw materials caused by overhigh content and small increment of friction reduction and wear resistance performance of the silicon diphosphide nanosheets is also avoided.
According to the invention, the silicon diphosphide nanosheet prepared by the technical scheme is used as a lubricating oil additive, and the silicon diphosphide nanosheet prepared by the preparation method is small in size and can migrate to the surface of a friction pair, and a friction protective film for reducing wear is formed on the surface of the friction pair under the action of a deposition effect and a stacking effect, and the protective film has excellent friction reducing and wear resisting properties, so that the high-temperature lubricating oil provided by the invention still has a low friction coefficient and a low wear rate under the working conditions of high temperature and high speed. In addition, as shown in fig. 1, the phosphorus atom in the silicon diphosphide is on the outer side, the phosphorus atom and three adjacent silicon atoms form covalent bonds, a pair of lone pair electrons remains, the existence of the lone pair electrons is equivalent to a negative charge center, and the lone pair electrons are easy to interact with H in groups such as-OH, -COOH and the like in the lubricating oil, so that the uniformity and durability of the dispersion of the silicon diphosphide in the lubricating oil are promoted, and the high-temperature lubricating oil provided by the invention can be further ensured to have lower friction coefficient and wear rate under the working conditions of high temperature and high speed.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the high-temperature lubricating oil, which comprises the following steps:
and mixing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets with base oil to obtain the high-temperature lubricating oil.
According to the invention, the silicon diphosphide nanosheet is mixed with the base oil to obtain the high-temperature lubricating oil. In the invention, the mixing mode is preferably ultrasonic mixing, and the power of the ultrasonic mixing is preferably 500-1500W, more preferably 800-1400W, and more preferably 1000-1300W; the frequency of the ultrasonic mixing is preferably 10-40 kHz, more preferably 15-30 kHz, and even more preferably 18-28 kHz; the ultrasonic mixing time is preferably 10-50 min, more preferably 15-40 min, and even more preferably 20-35 min. According to the invention, the silicon diphosphide nanosheets and the base oil are mixed in a mixing manner, so that the silicon diphosphide nanosheets can be fully dispersed in the base oil, and the obvious friction-reducing and wear-resisting effects of the high-temperature lubricating oil are ensured.
The invention also provides the application of the high-temperature lubricating oil in high-temperature lubrication, and particularly preferably the high-temperature lubricating oil is used under the application conditions of a high-temperature environment and a high-temperature environment caused by high speed, wherein the high-temperature environment refers to an environment with the maximum temperature of more than 150 ℃.
The invention also provides application of the high-temperature lubricating oil in the technical scheme or the high-temperature lubricating oil prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme in metal-metal, metal-polymer or metal-ceramic friction pairs.
For further illustration of the present invention, the following detailed description of the application and preparation method of a lubricant additive, a high temperature lubricant and preparation method and application provided by the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Preparation of silicon diphosphide single crystal: simple substance raw materials of Si, P, Sn and Gd are mixed according to the weight ratio of Si: p: sn: the molar ratio of Gd is 1: 6: 5: 0.03, mixing, transferring to quartz tube, and vacuumizing to 5 × 10-3And after Pa, sealing by using oxyhydrogen flame, placing the quartz tube in a synthesis furnace, and controlling the temperature by using an FP23 temperature control meter, wherein the temperature control program is as follows: the initial temperature is room temperature, the temperature is raised to 723K and kept constant for 36h, then the temperature is raised to 973K and kept constant for 36h, then the temperature is raised to 1123K and kept constant for 48h, then the temperature is lowered to 1073K after 25h, then the temperature is lowered to 873K after 50h, then the temperature is lowered to 673K after 25h, and then the temperature is cooled to room temperature. Placing the sintered sample in a concentrated hydrochloric acid (with the mass concentration of 37%) and water volume ratio of 1: 1, removing Sn in the sample, cleaning with ethanol and drying at 333K to obtain the silicon diphosphide single crystal, wherein the size of the silicon diphosphide single crystal is 0.5mm multiplied by 5-10 mm.
Grinding the obtained silicon diphosphide single crystal by using an agate mortar for 10min to obtain silicon diphosphide powder with the particle size of 50 mu m and the thickness of 500nm, and then mixing the silicon diphosphide powder with acetone, wherein the mass-volume ratio of the silicon diphosphide powder to the acetone is 0.1 g: 50mL, and carrying out liquid phase ultrasonic stripping on the silicon phosphide powder by using an ultrasonic crusher with the power of 1000W and the frequency of 20kHz for 2h to obtain acetone dispersion liquid of the silicon phosphide;
transferring the obtained acetone dispersion liquid of silicon diphosphide into a beaker, magnetically stirring for 2 hours at the stirring speed of 500rpm, then centrifuging for 60 minutes at the centrifugal speed of 3000r/min, taking 2/3 of the liquid volume after solid-liquid separation as a supernatant, and drying the obtained supernatant for 2 hours at the environment of 80 ℃ to obtain silicon diphosphide nanosheets;
mixing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets and PEG-400 base oil, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10min by using an ultrasonic crusher to obtain high-temperature lubricating oil containing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets with the mass fraction of 0.03%, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1200W, and the frequency is 10 kHz.
Example 2
The silicon diphosphide single crystal prepared in example 1 was ground for 15min using an agate mortar to obtain silicon diphosphide powder having a particle size of 50 μm and a thickness of 2000nm, and then the silicon diphosphide powder was mixed with N-methylpyrrolidone, wherein the mass to volume ratio of the silicon diphosphide powder to the N-methylpyrrolidone was 0.01 g: 10mL, and carrying out liquid phase ultrasonic stripping on the silicon phosphide powder by using an ultrasonic crusher with the power of 1200W and the frequency of 50kHz for 3h to obtain an N-methylpyrrolidone dispersion liquid of the silicon phosphide;
transferring the obtained silicon diphosphide N-methyl pyrrolidone dispersion liquid into a beaker, magnetically stirring for 3h at the stirring speed of 600rpm, centrifuging for 60min at the centrifugal speed of 3000r/min, taking 2/3 of the liquid volume after solid-liquid separation as a supernatant, and drying the obtained supernatant for 2h in the environment of 100 ℃ to obtain silicon diphosphide nanosheets;
mixing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets and PEG-400 base oil, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 15min by using an ultrasonic crusher to obtain high-temperature lubricating oil containing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets with the mass fraction of 0.05%, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1500W, and the frequency is 15 kHz.
Example 3
The silicon diphosphide single crystal prepared in example 1 was ground for 20min using an agate mortar to obtain silicon diphosphide powder having a particle size of 50 μm and a thickness of 800nm, and then the silicon diphosphide powder and dimethylformamide were mixed, wherein the mass-to-volume ratio of the silicon diphosphide powder to the dimethylformamide was 0.05 g: 50mL, and carrying out liquid phase ultrasonic stripping on the silicon phosphide powder by using an ultrasonic crusher with power of 1300W and frequency of 40kHz, wherein the ultrasonic stripping time is 2 h; obtaining a dimethylformamide dispersion liquid of silicon diphosphide;
transferring the obtained dimethyl formamide dispersion liquid of silicon diphosphide into a beaker, magnetically stirring for 5 hours at the stirring speed of 800rpm, then centrifuging for 60 minutes at the centrifugal speed of 5000r/min, taking 2/3 of liquid volume after solid-liquid separation as a supernatant, and drying the obtained supernatant for 2 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain silicon diphosphide nanosheets;
mixing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets and PEG-400 base oil, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20min by using an ultrasonic crusher to obtain high-temperature lubricating oil containing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets with the mass fraction of 0.03%, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1500W, and the frequency is 18 kHz.
Example 4
Grinding the silicon diphosphide single crystal prepared in example 1 by using an agate mortar for 20min to obtain silicon diphosphide powder with the particle size of 50 μm and the thickness of 1500nm, then mixing the silicon diphosphide powder with dimethyl sulfoxide, firstly carrying out preliminary ultrasonic dispersion by using a 300W ultrasonic cleaning machine for 3h, then carrying out liquid-phase ultrasonic stripping on the silicon diphosphide powder by using an ultrasonic crusher with the power of 1500W and the frequency of 40kHz, and carrying out ultrasonic stripping for 5h to obtain dimethyl sulfoxide dispersion liquid of the silicon diphosphide;
transferring the obtained dimethyl sulfoxide dispersion liquid of silicon diphosphide into a beaker, magnetically stirring for 5 hours at the stirring speed of 800rpm, then centrifuging for 60 minutes at the centrifuging speed of 6000r/min, taking 2/3 with the liquid volume after solid-liquid separation as a supernatant, and drying the obtained supernatant for 2 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain silicon diphosphide nanosheets;
mixing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets and PEG-400 base oil, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 35min by using an ultrasonic crusher to obtain high-temperature lubricating oil containing 0.07% of the silicon diphosphide nanosheets by mass, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1500W, and the frequency is 28 kHz.
Example 5
The silicon diphosphide single crystal prepared in example 1 was ground for 20min using an agate mortar to obtain a silicon diphosphide powder having a particle size of 50 μm and a thickness of 1000nm, and then the silicon diphosphide powder and absolute ethanol were mixed at a mass-to-volume ratio of 0.1 g: 50mL, firstly carrying out primary ultrasonic dispersion by using a 220W ultrasonic cleaning machine, wherein the treatment time is 3h, and then carrying out liquid-phase ultrasonic stripping on silicon phosphide powder by using an ultrasonic crusher with the power of 1100W and the frequency of 40kHz, wherein the ultrasonic stripping time is 5h, so as to obtain an absolute ethyl alcohol dispersion liquid of silicon phosphide;
transferring the obtained anhydrous ethanol dispersion liquid of silicon diphosphide into a beaker, magnetically stirring for 5h at the stirring speed of 800rpm, then centrifuging at the centrifugal speed of 7000r/min for 60min, taking 2/3 with the liquid volume after solid-liquid separation as a supernatant, and drying the obtained supernatant for 2h at the temperature of 120 ℃ to obtain silicon diphosphide nanosheets;
mixing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets and PEG-400 base oil, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 40min by using an ultrasonic crusher to obtain high-temperature lubricating oil containing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets with the mass fraction of 0.06%, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1400W, and the frequency is 30 kHz.
Example 6
The silicon diphosphide single crystal prepared in example 1 was ground with an agate mortar for 30min to obtain a silicon diphosphide powder having a particle size of 80 μm and a thickness of 1800nm, and then the silicon diphosphide powder was mixed with acetone in a mass-to-volume ratio of 0.05 g: 25mL, firstly carrying out primary ultrasonic dispersion by using a 250W ultrasonic cleaning machine for 1h, and then carrying out liquid-phase ultrasonic stripping on silicon phosphide powder by using an ultrasonic crusher with power of 1600W and frequency of 20kHz for 2h to obtain acetone dispersion liquid of silicon phosphide;
transferring the obtained acetone dispersion liquid of silicon diphosphide into a beaker, magnetically stirring for 7 hours at the stirring speed of 500rpm, then centrifuging for 60 minutes at the centrifugal speed of 3000r/min, taking 2/3 of the liquid volume after solid-liquid separation as a supernatant, and drying the obtained supernatant for 2 hours at the environment of 80 ℃ to obtain silicon diphosphide nanosheets;
mixing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets and PEG-400 base oil, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 50min by using an ultrasonic crusher to obtain high-temperature lubricating oil containing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets with the mass fraction of 0.02%, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1700W, and the frequency is 40 kHz.
Example 7
The silicon diphosphide single crystal prepared in example 1 was ground with an agate mortar for 30min to obtain silicon diphosphide powder having a particle size of 50 μm and a thickness of 1500nm, and then the silicon diphosphide powder was mixed with N-methylpyrrolidone, wherein the mass to volume ratio of the silicon diphosphide powder to the N-methylpyrrolidone was 0.1 g: 50mL, firstly carrying out preliminary ultrasonic dispersion by using a 270W ultrasonic cleaning machine for 6h, and then carrying out liquid-phase ultrasonic stripping on silicon phosphide powder by using an ultrasonic crusher with power of 1700W and frequency of 20kHz for 3h to obtain N-methylpyrrolidone dispersion liquid of silicon phosphide;
transferring the obtained silicon diphosphide N-methyl pyrrolidone dispersion liquid into a beaker, magnetically stirring for 5h at the stirring speed of 800rpm, centrifuging for 60min at the centrifugal speed of 8000r/min, taking 2/3 of the liquid volume after solid-liquid separation as a supernatant, and drying the obtained supernatant for 2h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain silicon diphosphide nanosheets;
mixing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets and PEG-400 base oil, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 25min by using an ultrasonic crusher to obtain high-temperature lubricating oil containing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets with the mass fraction of 0.09%, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1500W, and the frequency is 25 kHz.
Example 8
The silicon diphosphide single crystal prepared in example 1 was ground for 20min using an agate mortar to obtain a silicon diphosphide powder having a particle size of 50 μm and a thickness of 500nm, and then the silicon diphosphide powder and N-methylformamide were mixed in a mass-to-volume ratio of 0.1 g: 50mL, firstly carrying out primary ultrasonic dispersion by using a 250W ultrasonic cleaning machine for 3h, and then carrying out liquid-phase ultrasonic stripping on silicon phosphide powder by using an ultrasonic crusher with power of 1300W and frequency of 20kHz for 2h to obtain N-methylformamide dispersion liquid of silicon phosphide;
transferring the obtained silicon diphosphide N-methylformamide dispersion liquid into a beaker, magnetically stirring for 5 hours at the stirring speed of 800rpm, then centrifuging for 60 minutes at the centrifugal speed of 5000r/min, taking 2/3 of the liquid volume after solid-liquid separation as a supernatant, and drying the obtained supernatant for 2 hours at the environment of 80 ℃ to obtain silicon diphosphide nanosheets;
mixing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets and PEG-400 base oil, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min by using a 1500W ultrasonic crusher to obtain high-temperature lubricating oil containing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets with the mass fraction of 0.03%, wherein the ultrasonic power is 1500W, and the frequency is 20 kHz.
Effect example 1
Observing the silicon diphosphide nanosheet prepared in example 1 by using an atomic force microscope, wherein an observation image is shown in fig. 2; according to fig. 2, it can be shown that the silicon phosphide nanosheets prepared by the present embodiment are in a dispersed state and have uniform particle size; according to the graph in FIG. 2, the particle size of the silicon diphosphide nanosheet prepared in the embodiment 1 is 500-1500 nm.
Scanning the silicon phosphide nanosheet prepared in example 1 by using a transmission electron microscope, wherein the transmission electron microscope image is shown in fig. 3; it can be seen from FIG. 3 that the crystallinity of the prepared silicon diphosphide is better.
Similarly, the silicon phosphide nanosheets prepared in the embodiments 2 to 8 are observed by an atomic force microscope and a transmission electron microscope, and the detection results are similar to those shown in the figures 2 to 3, so that the silicon phosphide nanosheets which are uniformly dispersed and have uniform particle size are obtained; the average particle size is within the range of 100-2000 nm, and the thickness is less than 20 nm.
Effect example 2
The friction coefficient test of the high-temperature lubricating oil and the PEG-400 base oil prepared in the examples 1 to 8 is carried out, and the test method comprises the following steps: by using an SRV fretting friction tester, the test time is 30min, the frequency is 25Hz, the load is 25N, the used ball is a stainless steel ball, the diameter is 8mm, the used disc is a stainless steel block, and the friction coefficient data obtained by the test result is shown in figure 4.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, the friction coefficients of the high-temperature lubricating oil prepared in the embodiments 1 to 8 provided by the invention under a load state are all lower than that of the PEG-400 base oil, and it can be seen that the silicon diphosphide nanosheet provided by the invention has good performance of reducing the friction coefficient as a lubricating oil additive.
Effect example 3
High temperature lubricating oil (denoted PEG + SiP) prepared in example 12) And PEG lubricating oil (PEG-400 base oil) as a sample, and the friction coefficient after 30min of work is measured under the working environments of 150 ℃ and 200 ℃ respectively, and the measured experimental result is shown in figure 5.
High temperature lubricating oil (denoted PEG + SiP) prepared in example 12) And PEG lubricating oil (PEG-400 base oil) as a sample, and the wear volume after 30min of work is measured under the working environment of 150 ℃ and 200 ℃ respectively, and the measured experimental result is shown in figure 6.
As can be seen from fig. 5, the PEG lubricating oil containing diphosphorus silicon nanosheets prepared in example 1 provided by the present invention has a friction coefficient which is not much different from that of the PEG lubricating oil without nanosheets at 150 ℃, but the friction coefficient is significantly reduced at 200 ℃. As can be seen from fig. 6, the PEG lubricating oil containing silicon diphosphide nanosheets prepared in example 1 provided by the present invention has a significantly reduced wear volume compared to PEG lubricating oil without nanosheets added.
The wear volumes and wear rates of PEG in the high-temperature lubricating oils prepared in example 1 under the working environments of 25 ℃, 50 ℃, 100 ℃, 150 ℃ and 200 ℃ are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 addition of SiP at different temperatures2Wear rate of PEG of nanosheets
| 25℃ | 50 |
100 |
150 |
200℃ | |
| Wear volume (x 10)-15m3) | 6.4 | 18.9 | 62.1 | 170 | 332 |
| Wear Rate (. times.10)-12m3/N*m) | 0.256 | 0.756 | 2.484 | 6.8 | 13.28 |
As can be seen from fig. 6 and table 1, the high-temperature lubricating oil provided in example 1 of the present invention has a wear volume reduced to half of that of the original lubricating oil at a temperature of 200 ℃ and superior anti-wear properties, as compared to the PEG-400 base oil.
From the experimental results, the silicon phosphide nanosheet provided by the invention is added to lubricating oil as a lubricating oil additive, so that the lubricating oil still has a low friction coefficient and a low wear rate under high-temperature and high-speed working conditions, and the technical problem that the lubricating oil in the prior art has a high friction coefficient and a high wear rate under high-temperature and high-speed working conditions can be solved.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The application of the lubricating oil additive in high-temperature lubricating oil is characterized in that the lubricating oil additive is a silicon diphosphide nanosheet.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the average particle diameter of the silicon diphosphide nanosheets is 100-2000 nm, and the average thickness of the silicon diphosphide nanosheets is 1-20 nm.
3. A preparation method of silicon diphosphide nanosheets as a lubricating oil additive is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing silicon phosphide powder with a polar organic solvent, and sequentially carrying out ultrasonic treatment, stirring and solid-liquid separation to obtain supernatant containing silicon phosphide nanosheets;
and drying the supernatant containing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets to obtain the silicon diphosphide nanosheets.
4. The preparation method according to claim 3, wherein the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic is 1000-1500W, the ultrasonic frequency is 20-30 kHz, and the ultrasonic time is 2-10 h; the stirring speed is 500-1000 rpm, and the stirring time is 2-10 h.
5. A high-temperature lubricating oil is characterized by comprising the following components: lubricating oil additives and base oils; the lubricating oil additive is silicon diphosphide nanosheet obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 3-4.
6. The high temperature lubricant according to claim 5, wherein the base oil comprises one or more of an ionic liquid, a polyethylene glycol base oil, a synthetic ester oil, and an ether lubricant.
7. The high-temperature lubricating oil of claim 5, wherein the silicon diphosphide nanosheets are present in the high-temperature lubricating oil in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1% by weight.
8. The preparation method of the high-temperature lubricating oil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
and mixing the silicon diphosphide nanosheets with base oil to obtain the high-temperature lubricating oil.
9. Use of the high-temperature lubricating oil according to any one of claims 5 to 7 or the high-temperature lubricating oil obtained by the preparation method according to claim 8 in high-temperature lubrication.
10. Use of the high-temperature lubricating oil according to any one of claims 5 to 7 or the high-temperature lubricating oil obtained by the preparation method according to claim 8 in metal-metal, metal-polymer or metal-ceramic friction pairs.
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