CN112939153A - Ship ballast water treatment method and system - Google Patents

Ship ballast water treatment method and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112939153A
CN112939153A CN201911269617.2A CN201911269617A CN112939153A CN 112939153 A CN112939153 A CN 112939153A CN 201911269617 A CN201911269617 A CN 201911269617A CN 112939153 A CN112939153 A CN 112939153A
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China
Prior art keywords
ballast water
unit
salinity
electrolysis
temperature
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CN201911269617.2A
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CN112939153B (en
Inventor
卢晓伟
徐凤麒
王智磊
连小英
李樱
蔡鸣
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Sunrui Marine Environment Engineering Co ltd
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Sunrui Marine Environment Engineering Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/46Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
    • C02F1/461Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
    • C02F1/46104Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/008Originating from marine vessels, ships and boats, e.g. bilge water or ballast water
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/46Apparatus for electrochemical processes
    • C02F2201/461Electrolysis apparatus
    • C02F2201/46105Details relating to the electrolytic devices
    • C02F2201/4611Fluid flow
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/02Temperature
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/05Conductivity or salinity

Abstract

The invention provides a ship ballast water treatment method and a system, which comprise an electrolysis unit, a constant current supply device, a temperature detection unit, a salinity detection unit, a control unit and a rectifier. When the system works, the current required electrolytic current I of the electrolytic unit is calculated according to the temperature and salinity of the ballast water measured in real time and by combining the relation data of the electrolytic efficiency eta of the electrolytic unit and the temperature and salinity of the ballast water, and the required electrolytic current is automatically adjusted and controlled. The system gets rid of the commonly used method for detecting the residual chlorine and reversely controlling the electrolytic current through the residual chlorine concentration analyzer, avoids the system shutdown caused by the fault of the residual chlorine analyzer, and improves the practicability and reliability of the system.

Description

Ship ballast water treatment method and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water treatment, in particular to a ship and a ship ballast water treatment system.
Background
The ballast water for ships is water added to ships in order to control the balance of the ships and improve the stability of the ships. According to the relevant convention regulation, before the ship ballast water is completely discharged, the ship ballast water must be treated to reach the standard of the convention regulation. The electrolytic method is a practical and common ballast water treatment technology, and can kill most harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens in ballast water under certain conditions.
The electrolysis method comprises electrolyzing seawater to generate sodium hypochlorite to treat ballast water of ship, detecting chlorine concentration in the ballast water by residual chlorine analyzer, and regulating electrolysis current and chlorine concentration in the ballast water if the chlorine concentration exceeds or is lower than a predetermined value. However, in practical application, the residual chlorine analyzer has high failure rate and is complicated to operate and maintain, and the stability of the system is greatly influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a ship ballast water treatment method and a ship ballast water treatment system, so as to avoid system halt caused by faults of a residual chlorine analyzer and improve the practicability and reliability of the system.
The embodiment of the invention provides a ship ballast water treatment method, which comprises the following steps:
providing a constant current I0
Detecting the temperature of ballast water entering the electrolysis unit;
detecting the salinity of ballast water entering the electrolysis unit;
obtaining the corresponding electrolytic efficiency eta of the electrolytic unit according to the temperature and salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolytic unit, which are obtained by current detection;
the constant current I is transmitted through a rectifier0Rectifying to obtain an electrolysis current I output to the electrolysis unit, wherein: i ═ I0xη;
And outputting the electrolysis current I to the electrolysis unit.
Further, the relationship between the electrolysis efficiency η and the temperature and salinity of the ballast water is as follows: the electrolytic efficiency η gradually increases as the temperature of the ballast water increases; as the salinity of the ballast water increases, the electrolytic efficiency η also increases gradually.
Further, the electrolysis efficiency η of the electrolysis unit corresponding to the current detected temperature and salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolysis unit is obtained, specifically:
presetting a data table of the electrolytic efficiency eta related to the temperature and salinity of the seawater in a control unit;
and according to the temperature and salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolytic unit, which are obtained by current detection, the data table is inquired, so that the corresponding electrolytic efficiency eta of the electrolytic unit is obtained.
Further, the control unit is further configured to control logic to:
if the temperature of the ballast water is detected to be lower than 5 ℃, the system sends out an audible and visual alarm to remind a crew of starting the heating device so as to ensure that the temperature of the ballast water is higher than 5 ℃;
if the salinity of the seawater is detected to be lower than 15PSU, the system gives out sound and light alarm to remind a crew of adopting a fresh water mode;
if the salinity of the seawater is continuously reduced to 10PSU, the system gives out sound and light alarm and stops the system;
if the temperature of the ballast water is detected to be higher than 25 ℃, the system refers to the relation data of 25 ℃ to set the electrolysis current I;
if the salinity of the ballast water is detected to be higher than 30PSU, the system refers to the relation data of 30PSU to set the electrolysis current I;
and if the temperature of the ballast water is detected to be between 5 and 25 ℃ and the salinity is detected to be between 10 and 30PSU, the system sets the electrolytic current I by inquiring the relational data of the data table.
Further, the constant current I0Is provided by a constant current providing device.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a ship ballast water treatment system, including:
an electrolysis unit for electrolyzing the ballast water entering the electrolysis unit;
constant current supply means for supplying a constant current I0
A temperature detection unit for detecting a temperature of ballast water entering the electrolysis unit;
a salinity detection unit for detecting the salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolysis unit;
the control unit is connected with the temperature detection unit and the salinity detection unit and is used for obtaining the corresponding electrolysis efficiency eta of the electrolysis unit according to the temperature and the salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolysis unit, which are obtained by current detection;
a rectifier connected to the control unit, the constant current supply device, and the electrolysis unit, the rectifier converting the constant current I into a current0Rectifying to obtain an electrolysis current I output to the electrolysis unit, and outputting the electrolysis current I to the electrolysis unit, wherein: i ═ I0xη。
Further, the rectifier is disposed in the electrolysis cell.
Further, the temperature detection unit and the salinity detection unit are installed in a main pipeline before ballast water enters the electrolysis unit.
Furthermore, a heating device is arranged in the main pipeline in front of the temperature detection unit.
Furthermore, an electrolyte sampling port is arranged in a pipeline behind the electrolytic unit and used for sampling electrolyte so as to detect the concentration of residual chlorine in the electrolyzed ballast water.
According to the method and the system for treating the ship ballast water, provided by the invention, the currently required electrolytic current I of the electrolytic unit is calculated according to the temperature and the salinity of the ballast water measured in real time and by combining the relation data of the electrolytic efficiency eta of the electrolytic unit and the temperature and the salinity of the ballast water, so that the automatic adjustment and control of the required electrolytic current are realized. The system gets rid of the commonly used method for detecting the residual chlorine and reversely controlling the electrolytic current through the residual chlorine concentration analyzer, avoids the system shutdown caused by the fault of the residual chlorine analyzer, and improves the practicability and reliability of the system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a ship ballast water treatment system in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a block diagram of a ship ballast water treatment system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a table showing the relationship between the electrolytic efficiency eta of the electrolytic cell and the temperature and salinity of the ballast water in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a data table and a related graph of the relationship between the electrolytic efficiency eta of the electrolytic cell and the temperature and salinity of the ballast water in the example of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph showing an actual measurement value of the residual chlorine concentration of the ballast water according to an example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the ship Ballast Water treatment system of the present embodiment includes an electrolysis unit 1, a seawater storage Tank 2, a Ballast Tank (Water Ballast Tank)3, a seawater supply pump 4, an automatic regulating valve 5, a temperature detection unit 6, a salinity detection unit 7, a manual switching valve 8, an electrolyte sampling port 9, a flow meter 10, a heating device 11, a constant current supply device 12, a rectifier 13, and a control unit 14.
The electrolysis unit 1 is provided with one or more, preferably a plurality of electrolysis tanks for electrolyzing the ballast water entering the electrolysis unit 1 and generating hypochlorous acid to kill organisms such as plankton, larva, spore and pathogen in the ballast water through electrolysis.
The constant current supply device 12 is used for supplying a constant current I0In particular, the constant current providing device 12 may be a current device of a power supply system of the ship itself.
The temperature detection unit 6 is used to detect the temperature of the ballast water entering the electrolysis unit 1, and the temperature detection unit 6 may be a temperature sensor.
The salinity detecting unit 7 is used for detecting the salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolysis unit 1, and the salinity detecting unit 7 can be specifically a salinity meter.
Preferably, since the ballast water has small changes in temperature and salinity in a short time, the detection frequency of the temperature detection unit 6 and the salinity detection unit 7 may be set according to actual conditions, for example, set to detect once every 1 minute.
The control unit 14 is connected with the temperature detection unit 6 and the salinity detection unit 7, the temperature measured by the temperature detection unit 6 and the salinity measured by the salinity detection unit 7 are transmitted to the control unit 14, and the control unit 14 obtains the corresponding electrolysis efficiency eta of the electrolysis unit 1 according to the currently detected temperature and salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolysis unit 1.
Specifically, the data of the relationship between the electrolytic efficiency η of the electrolytic unit 1 and the temperature and salinity of the ballast water are shown in fig. 3 and 4. The electrolytic efficiency eta of the electrolytic unit 1 has obvious correlation with the temperature and salinity of ballast water and is also influenced by other factors such as seawater quality, plate working time and the like, but the treatment of the ship ballast water is only carried out during loading or discharging, and the factors influencing the electrolytic efficiency eta such as the seawater quality, the plate working time and the like can not be obviously changed within the time of one-time loading or discharging, so the change of the electrolytic efficiency eta of the electrolytic unit is mainly influenced by the seawater temperature and salinity. Therefore, the electrolytic efficiency eta of the electrolytic unit 1 can be obtained by looking up table data through pre-establishing the relation data of the electrolytic efficiency eta and the temperature and the salinity of the ballast water and then measuring the temperature and the salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolytic unit 1 in real time, and the electrolytic efficiency eta obtained by looking up the table corresponds to the current temperature and the salinity of the seawater.
Firstly, through an experimental system, selecting 25 groups of main seawater salinity and temperature combinations, measuring the relationship between the electrolysis efficiency eta of the electrolysis unit 1 and the seawater salinity and temperature to obtain the table data in the figure 3, then supplementing the experimental data in the figure 3 by adopting an equivalent interpolation method, drawing a curve, and obtaining the data and the related curve shown in the figure 4. The data in fig. 4 already covers the salinity and temperature range monitored by real ships, supplemented by data.
Specifically, as can be seen from fig. 4, the relationship between the electrolytic efficiency η and the temperature and salinity of the ballast water is: the electrolytic efficiency η gradually increases as the temperature of the ballast water increases; as the salinity of the ballast water increases, the electrolytic efficiency η also increases gradually. When the temperature or the salinity rises to a certain value, the electrolytic efficiency eta slowly increases and basically keeps unchanged.
The invention can obtain a data table of the electrolytic efficiency eta of the electrolytic unit 1 and the temperature and salinity of the seawater through experiments, and the data table obtained through the experiments is preset in the control unit 14.
After the temperature and salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolysis unit 1 are detected by the temperature detection unit 6 and the salinity detection unit 7, the corresponding electrolysis efficiency eta of the electrolysis unit 1 can be obtained by inquiring the data table according to the temperature and salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolysis unit 1, which are obtained by current detection.
Referring to fig. 2, a rectifier 13 is connected to the control unit 14, the constant current providing device 12, the electrolysis unit 1, the rectifier 13 applies the constant current I0Rectification is performed to obtain an electrolysis current I to be output to the electrolysis unit 1, and the electrolysis current I is output to the electrolysis unit 1. Constant current I0The following relationships exist between the electrolysis current I and the electrolysis efficiency eta: i ═ I0xη。
And further by the formula I ═ I0And x eta, the currently required electrolysis current I of the electrolysis unit 1 can be calculated and output to the electrolysis unit 1.
The rectifier 13 may preferably be arranged in the electrolysis unit 1, making the overall structure more compact.
From the above experimental data, the following control logic can also be determined:
1) if the detected temperature of the seawater is lower than 5 ℃, the system gives out sound and light alarm to remind a crew of starting the heat exchanger so as to ensure that the temperature of the seawater is higher than 5 ℃;
2) if the salinity of the seawater is detected to be lower than 15PSU, the system gives out sound and light alarm to remind a crew of adopting a fresh water mode;
3) if the salinity of the seawater is continuously reduced to 10PSU, the system gives out sound and light alarm and stops the system;
4) if the detected temperature of the seawater is higher than 25 ℃, the system sets the electrolysis current I according to the relation data of 25 ℃;
5) if the salinity of the seawater is detected to be higher than 30PSU, the system refers to the relation data of 30PSU to set the electrolysis current I;
6) if the salinity and the temperature of the seawater are detected to fall in the interval shown in the figure 4 (namely the temperature is between 5 and 25 ℃ and the salinity is between 10 and 30 PSU), the system adopts a lookup table method to obtain the corresponding electrolytic efficiency value and control the output current of the rectifier.
The control system obtained according to the control logic is the constant current control system of the ship ballast water treatment device.
The invention is based on the ballast water treatment device by the seawater electrolysis method, and can determine the control of the electrolysis current according to the seawater environment in the system operation process by establishing the relation curve of the electrolysis efficiency of the electrolysis unit and the salinity and temperature of the seawater. In the operation process of the ballast water treatment device, after the salinity and temperature sensors acquire data, the constant current system can automatically output specific electrolytic current to enable the effective chlorine in the electrolyte to reach the set concentration. The control system applied at present controls the electrolytic current reversely mainly by detecting the concentration of residual chlorine in the treated ballast water, but the control mode is limited by a residual chlorine detector, and once an instrument fails, the system cannot operate. The control system provided by the invention does not need the participation of a residual chlorine detector, can get rid of the problems of system shutdown and the like caused by high fault rate of the residual chlorine analyzer, and can greatly improve the reliability of the system. The system is applicable to all types of ocean-going vessels.
As shown in fig. 1, the temperature detecting unit 6 and the salinity detecting unit 7 are installed in the main line before the ballast water enters the electrolysis unit 1 while the flow rate of the ballast water in the main line is maintained.
A heating device 11 is further arranged on the main pipeline between the seawater storage tank 2 and the temperature detection unit 6 and used for heating the ballast water when the temperature of the ballast water is too low.
An electrolyte sampling port 9 is arranged in a pipeline behind the electrolysis unit 1, the electrolyte sampling port 9 is used for sampling electrolyte to detect the residual chlorine concentration in the electrolyzed ballast water, and whether the ship ballast water system works normally can be judged according to the comparison between the detection value and the set effective chlorine concentration.
The invention discloses a constant current control system of an electrolytic seawater ship ballast water treatment device, which is based on an electrolytic seawater method ballast water treatment device, cancels the control logic of the existing system for controlling electrolytic current through residual chlorine concentration, and develops the constant current control system of the electrolytic seawater ship ballast water treatment device by establishing a relation curve of the electrolytic efficiency of an electrolytic unit and seawater salinity and temperature. If the control system is applied to a real ship, the reliability of a ballast water system is greatly improved.
In order to verify the operation effect of a constant current system, the verification is specially carried out on a certain 64K DWT bulk cargo ship, in the operation process of the system, a residual chlorine analyzer simultaneously monitors the residual chlorine concentration in ballast water, the set value of the residual chlorine concentration is 7.5ppm, and the final operation result is as follows:
as can be seen from FIG. 5, the actual operating values of the residual chlorine concentration were equally distributed on both sides of 7.5ppm, and the data were analyzed to find that the actual operating average was 7.58ppm and the error from the set value of 7.5ppm was only about 1%.
In conclusion, the seawater electrolysis constant current control system provided by the invention can well realize the control of the ballast water treatment device and completely meet the application requirements of a real ship.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A ship ballast water treatment method, characterized by comprising:
providing a constant current I0
Detecting the temperature of ballast water entering the electrolysis unit (1);
detecting the salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolysis unit (1);
obtaining the corresponding electrolytic efficiency eta of the electrolytic unit (1) according to the temperature and salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolytic unit (1) obtained by current detection;
the constant current I is fed through a rectifier (13)0Rectifying to obtain an electrolysis current I output to the electrolysis unit (1), wherein: i ═ I0 xη;
Outputting the electrolysis current I to the electrolysis unit (1).
2. The ship ballast water treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the relationship between the electrolytic efficiency η and the temperature and salinity of the ballast water is: the electrolytic efficiency η gradually increases as the temperature of the ballast water increases; as the salinity of the ballast water increases, the electrolytic efficiency η also increases gradually.
3. The ship ballast water treatment method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said obtaining the electrolysis efficiency η of said electrolysis unit (1) corresponding thereto from the currently detected temperature and salinity of the ballast water entering said electrolysis unit (1) is in particular:
a data table of the electrolytic efficiency eta related to the temperature and the salinity of the seawater is preset in a control unit (14);
and according to the temperature and salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolytic unit (1) which are obtained by current detection, the data table is inquired, so that the corresponding electrolytic efficiency eta of the electrolytic unit (1) is obtained.
4. A ship ballast water treatment method according to claim 3, wherein the control unit (14) is further adapted to the following control logic:
if the temperature of the ballast water is detected to be lower than 5 ℃, the system gives out sound and light alarm to remind a crew of starting the heating device (11) so as to ensure that the temperature of the ballast water is higher than 5 ℃;
if the salinity of the seawater is detected to be lower than 15PSU, the system gives out sound and light alarm to remind a crew of adopting a fresh water mode;
if the salinity of the seawater is continuously reduced to 10PSU, the system gives out sound and light alarm and stops the system;
if the temperature of the ballast water is detected to be higher than 25 ℃, the system refers to the relation data of 25 ℃ to set the electrolysis current I;
if the salinity of the ballast water is detected to be higher than 30PSU, the system refers to the relation data of 30PSU to set the electrolysis current I;
and if the temperature of the ballast water is detected to be between 5 and 25 ℃ and the salinity is detected to be between 10 and 30PSU, the system sets the electrolytic current I by inquiring the relational data of the data table.
5. The ship ballast water treatment method of claim 1, wherein the constant current I is0Is provided by a constant current providing device (12).
6. A ship ballast water treatment system, comprising:
an electrolysis unit (1) for electrolyzing ballast water entering the electrolysis unit (1);
constant current supply means (12) for supplying a constant current I0
A temperature detection unit (6) for detecting the temperature of the ballast water entering the electrolysis unit (1);
a salinity detection unit (7) for detecting the salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolysis unit (1);
the control unit (14) is connected with the temperature detection unit (6) and the salinity detection unit (7), and the control unit (14) is used for obtaining the corresponding electrolysis efficiency eta of the electrolysis unit (1) according to the temperature and salinity of the ballast water entering the electrolysis unit (1) obtained through current detection;
a rectifier (13) connected to the control unit (14), the constant current supply device (12), and the electrolysis unit (1), wherein the rectifier (13) applies the constant current I0Rectifying to obtain an electrolysis current I output to the electrolysis unit (1), and outputting the electrolysis current I to the electrolysis unit (1), wherein: i ═ I0 xη。
7. The ship ballast water treatment system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the rectifier (13) is provided in the electrolysis unit (1).
8. The ship ballast water treatment system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the temperature sensing unit (6), the salinity sensing unit (7) are installed in a main pipeline before ballast water enters the electrolysis unit (1).
9. The ship ballast water treatment system according to claim 6, wherein a heating device (11) is further provided in the main pipeline before the temperature detection unit (6).
10. The ship ballast water treatment system as claimed in claim 6, wherein an electrolyte sampling port (9) is provided in the pipeline after the electrolysis unit (1), and the electrolyte sampling port (9) is used for sampling electrolyte to detect the concentration of residual chlorine in the electrolyzed ballast water.
CN201911269617.2A 2019-12-11 2019-12-11 Ship ballast water treatment method and system Active CN112939153B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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