CN112939124A - Novel low-temperature exhaust-heat seawater desalination system and method - Google Patents
Novel low-temperature exhaust-heat seawater desalination system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112939124A CN112939124A CN202110342422.7A CN202110342422A CN112939124A CN 112939124 A CN112939124 A CN 112939124A CN 202110342422 A CN202110342422 A CN 202110342422A CN 112939124 A CN112939124 A CN 112939124A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/048—Purification of waste water by evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/16—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using waste heat from other processes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
- C02F2301/04—Flow arrangements
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of desalinating seawater by recovering waste heat, in particular to a novel seawater desalinating system and a novel seawater desalinating method by utilizing low-temperature waste heat.A unit for generating low-temperature waste heat is sequentially connected with a plurality of coolers and a waste heat inlet of an evaporator, a refrigerant outlet of the evaporator is sequentially connected with a compressor, a tube pass of a first-effect heat exchange tube of a low-temperature multi-effect distillation device, a throttling device and a refrigerant inlet of the evaporator, and the waste heat outlet of the evaporator is sequentially connected with a cooling water pump and a cooler inlet; the shell pass inlet of the effective heat exchange tube is connected with the spraying device, the shell pass outlet of the previous effective heat exchange tube is connected with the tube pass inlet of the next effective heat exchange tube, the last effective shell pass outlet is connected with the shell side inlet of the condenser, and the tube pass outlets of the other effective heat exchange tubes outside the first effect and the shell side outlet of the condenser are connected with the distilled water collecting device. Compared with the prior art, the low-grade exhaust heat is extracted by using the refrigerant, the low-grade exhaust heat is used for evaporating seawater after being heated, the energy consumption of fresh water production is reduced, and the water making ratio can reach 8-12.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spent heat recovery and desalination of seawater, in particular to a novel low-temperature spent heat desalination system and a method.
Background
At present, in thermodynamic systems of nuclear power plants, thermal power plants and the like in the world, Rankine cycle with steam as a working medium is generally adopted, generally, the cycle efficiency of a supercritical thermal power generating unit is about 45%, and the cycle efficiency of a large nuclear power generating unit is generally about 35% of that of saturated steam. In the world, the vast majority of electricity is converted from heat, for example: the heat that boiler, nuclear reactor, light and heat, living beings etc. produced, more than 60% heat becomes the weary heat, has discharged the environment through warm water drainage etc. and most weary heat have all become the pollution sources of water body thermal pollution, and this has led to the rising of earth's surface water temperature, reduces water dissolved oxygen and aggravate water body pollution, leads to the community of algae biology to replace for aquatic organisms's biochemical reaction speed destroys fish living environment, endangers the human health. Some hazardous events of thermal contamination have occurred in the world. The investigation result of the biostimization event of the heat pollution in the Bay of the Bessan caused by the nuclear power plant in the United states shows that almost all animals and plants are extinct in water areas with the water temperature rising above 4 ℃, common diatom, red algae and brown algae disappear, and instead, high-temperature blue-green algae breed in large quantity.
The reason for causing above-mentioned problem exists is that a large amount of exhaust heat is not fully utilized, because the exhaust heat temperature is low, the traditional view considers that the exhaust heat (for fire) value is low and has no utilization value, and the prior art has no way to fully recycle the low temperature exhaust heat, thereby causing a large amount of low grade heat to run off, not only causing energy loss, but also producing a large amount of thermal pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a novel seawater desalination system utilizing low-temperature exhaust heat of a nuclear power plant, a thermal power plant, a biomass power plant and the like, wherein high-grade energy is utilized to convert the low-grade exhaust heat into high-grade heat which is used as a heat source of a low-temperature multi-effect distillation device for seawater desalination, so that the overall energy utilization rate and economy of the society are improved, thermal pollution is reduced, the fresh water making cost is reduced, and a final heat trap circulating water system discharging waste heat in the traditional thermodynamic system is cancelled; the method can also be expanded to other low-temperature waste heat fields, and the low-temperature waste heat is utilized to produce distilled water through river water, lake water, underground water and the like.
In order to realize the aim, a novel low-temperature exhaust-heat seawater desalination system is designed, which is characterized in that,
the system comprises a unit for generating low-temperature exhaust heat, a plurality of coolers, a cooling water pump, an evaporator, a compressor, a throttling device, a low-temperature multi-effect distillation device and a condenser;
the waste heat outlet of the unit for generating low-temperature waste heat is divided into multiple paths and is respectively connected with the hot side inlets of the coolers, the cooling water outlets of the coolers are connected with the waste heat inlet of the evaporator after being gathered, the refrigerant outlet of the evaporator is connected with the refrigerant inlet of the compressor, the refrigerant outlet of the compressor is connected with the tube side inlet of the first-effect heat exchange tube of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device, the tube side outlet of the first-effect heat exchange tube is sequentially connected with the throttling device and the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator, the waste heat outlet of the evaporator is connected with the inlet of the cooling water pump, and the outlet of the cooling water pump is connected with the cooling water inlets of; the shell side inlets of all the effect heat exchange tubes of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device are respectively connected with a spraying device, the shell side outlet of the previous effect heat exchange tube is connected with the tube side inlet of the next effect heat exchange tube, the last effect shell side outlet is connected with the shell side inlet of the condenser, and the tube side outlets of the other effect heat exchange tubes except the first effect heat exchange tube of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device and the shell side outlet of the condenser are respectively connected with a distilled water collecting device.
Furthermore, the unit for generating low-temperature exhaust heat comprises a nuclear power plant, a thermal power plant and a biomass power plant.
A novel method of a low-temperature exhaust-heat seawater desalination system, which is characterized in that,
the exhaust heat coming out of the unit generating the low-temperature exhaust heat enters each cooler for cooling; cooling water with the temperature of 40-50 ℃ from the cooler enters the evaporator and is cooled into water with the temperature of 20-30 ℃; water with the temperature of 20-30 ℃ is circularly supplied to each cooler through a cooling water pump;
the refrigerant absorbs the exhaust heat of the unit cooling water generating low-temperature exhaust heat in the evaporator, then the refrigerant is continuously gasified and is pressurized by a compressor to become a saturated gaseous refrigerant at the temperature of 60-80 ℃; high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters a first-effect heat exchange tube of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device to heat seawater from a spraying device outside the evaporation tube, the highest evaporation temperature of the seawater is less than 70 ℃, secondary steam generated by evaporation is used as heating steam in a next-effect heat exchange tube to heat the seawater outside the tube, the rest of the effect heat exchange tubes except the first-effect heat exchange tube of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device are condensed in tube passes of the other effect heat exchange tubes in the condenser to obtain distilled water which is respectively connected with a distilled water collecting device; the refrigerant is condensed into high-pressure liquid in a first-effect heat exchange pipe of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device, the high-pressure liquid is decompressed into low-pressure liquid through a throttling device, and the refrigerant in the low-pressure liquid state absorbs low-temperature waste heat in an evaporator and is continuously gasified; finally, the refrigerant gasified in the evaporator is changed into low-pressure gas, the low-pressure gas enters the compressor again, and the circulation is repeated in the way, so that low-grade waste heat is extracted from the unit generating the low-temperature waste heat and is used for seawater desalination.
Further, the refrigerant comprises Freon, ammonia or water.
Compared with the prior art, the low-grade waste heat in the power plant is extracted by using the refrigerant, the temperature is increased, and then the low-grade waste heat is transferred to the low-temperature multi-effect distilled seawater desalination device for the first effect, the energy efficiency ratio of the evaporator to the compressor can reach 5-8, the economic efficiency and the energy-saving effect are quite good, and the discharge of warm water to the environment is reduced; the first effect seawater in the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device is heated and evaporated by a refrigerant, the highest temperature of the seawater is not more than 70 ℃, the secondary steam generated by evaporation is used as heating steam to heat the next effect seawater, and the rest is continued, so that the heat energy consumed by evaporation is fully recycled, the energy consumption is reduced, and the water generation ratio can reach 8-12.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, a novel low-temperature exhaust-heat seawater desalination system is characterized in that,
the system comprises a unit 1 for generating low-temperature exhaust heat, a plurality of coolers 2, a cooling water pump 3, an evaporator 4, a compressor 5, a throttling device 6, a low-temperature multi-effect distillation device 7 and a condenser 8;
the waste heat outlet of the unit 1 for generating low-temperature waste heat is divided into multiple paths and is respectively connected with hot side inlets of the coolers 2, cooling water outlets of the coolers 2 are connected with the waste heat inlet of the evaporator 4 after being gathered, a refrigerant outlet of the evaporator 4 is connected with a refrigerant inlet of the compressor 5, a refrigerant outlet of the compressor 5 is connected with a tube pass inlet of a first-effect heat exchange tube of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device 7, the tube pass outlet of the first-effect heat exchange tube is sequentially connected with a throttling device 6 and the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator 4, the waste heat outlet of the evaporator 4 is connected with an inlet of the cooling water pump 3, and an outlet of the cooling water pump 3 is connected with the cooling water inlets of the coolers 2; the shell side inlets of all the effect heat exchange tubes of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device 7 are respectively connected with a spraying device, the shell side outlet of the previous effect heat exchange tube is connected with the tube side inlet of the next effect heat exchange tube, the last effect shell side outlet is connected with the shell side inlet of the condenser 8, and the tube side outlets of the other effect heat exchange tubes except the first effect heat exchange tube of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device 7 and the shell side outlet of the condenser 8 are respectively connected with a distilled water collecting device.
The unit 1 for generating low-temperature waste heat comprises nuclear power, thermal power, steel, chemical engineering, photo-thermal, biomass and other occasions with low-temperature waste heat.
Example 2
When the low-temperature spent heat source is close to the ocean, the seawater for spraying in the spraying device is used; if the low-temperature heat-lack source is far away from the ocean, other cooling water sources are used as the feed water to produce the distilled water. The working method is described by taking seawater as an example:
a novel method of a low-temperature spent heat seawater desalination system is characterized in that spent heat coming out of a unit 1 generating low-temperature spent heat enters each cooler 2 for cooling; cooling water of 40-50 ℃ from the cooler 2 enters the evaporator 4 and is cooled into water of 20-30 ℃; water with the temperature of 20-30 ℃ is circularly supplied to each cooler 2 through a cooling water pump 3;
the refrigerant absorbs the waste heat of the cooling water of the unit 1 generating low-temperature waste heat in the evaporator 4, then the refrigerant is continuously gasified and is pressurized by the compressor 5 to become a saturated gaseous refrigerant at the temperature of 60-80 ℃; high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters a first-effect heat exchange tube of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device 7 to heat seawater from a spraying device outside the evaporation tube, the highest evaporation temperature of the seawater is less than 70 ℃, secondary steam generated by evaporation is used as heating steam in a next-effect heat exchange tube to heat the seawater outside the tube, the rest of the effect heat exchange tubes except the first-effect heat exchange tube of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device 7 are cooled by seawater in a condenser 8, and distilled water obtained by condensation in tube passes of the other effect heat exchange tubes except the first-effect heat exchange tube of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device 7 is respectively connected with a distilled water collecting device; the refrigerant is condensed into high-pressure liquid in a first-effect heat exchange pipe of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device 7, the high-pressure liquid is decompressed into low-pressure liquid through the throttling device 6, and the refrigerant in the low-pressure liquid state absorbs low-temperature exhaust heat in the evaporator 4 and is continuously gasified; finally, the gasified refrigerant in the evaporator 4 is changed into low-pressure gas, and the low-pressure gas enters the compressor 5 again, and the circulation is repeated in such a way, so that low-grade waste heat is extracted from the unit 1 generating low-temperature waste heat for seawater desalination. The refrigerant comprises Freon, ammonia or water.
Therefore, the energy utilization rate and the economical efficiency of a nuclear power plant/a thermal power plant and the like are improved, the thermal pollution is reduced, the water making cost is reduced, and a final heat trap circulating water system for discharging waste heat in a traditional thermodynamic system is eliminated. If the low-temperature spent heat source is far away from the ocean, other cooling water sources are used as material water to produce distilled water, and the effect of recycling the low-temperature spent heat is achieved.
Claims (4)
1. A novel low-temperature exhaust-heat seawater desalination system, which is characterized in that,
the system comprises a unit (1) for generating low-temperature exhaust heat, a plurality of coolers (2), a cooling water pump (3), an evaporator (4), a compressor (5), a throttling device (6), a low-temperature multi-effect distillation device (7) and a condenser (8);
the waste heat outlet of the unit (1) for generating low-temperature waste heat is divided into multiple paths and is respectively connected with hot side inlets of the coolers (2), cooling water outlets of the coolers (2) are connected with the waste heat inlet of the evaporator (4) after being gathered, a refrigerant outlet of the evaporator (4) is connected with a refrigerant inlet of the compressor (5), a refrigerant outlet of the compressor (5) is connected with a tube pass inlet of a first-effect heat exchange tube of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device (7), the tube pass outlet of the first-effect heat exchange tube is sequentially connected with the throttling device (6) and the refrigerant inlet of the evaporator (4), the waste heat outlet of the evaporator (4) is connected with an inlet of the cooling water pump (3), and an outlet of the cooling water pump (3) is connected with cooling water inlets of the coolers (2); the shell side inlets of all the effect heat exchange tubes of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device (7) are respectively connected with a spraying device, the shell side outlet of the previous effect heat exchange tube is connected with the tube side inlet of the next effect heat exchange tube, the last effect shell side outlet is connected with the shell side inlet of the condenser (8), and the tube side outlets of the other effect heat exchange tubes except the first effect heat exchange tube of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device (7) and the shell side outlet of the condenser (8) are respectively connected with a distilled water collecting device.
2. A novel low-temperature spent heat seawater desalination system as defined in claim 1, wherein the unit (1) for generating low-temperature spent heat comprises a nuclear power plant, a thermal power plant and a biomass power plant.
3. The method of desalination of sea water of claim 1 or 2,
spent heat from the unit (1) generating low-temperature spent heat enters each cooler (2) for cooling; cooling water with the temperature of 40-50 ℃ from the cooler (2) enters the evaporator (4) and is cooled into water with the temperature of 20-30 ℃; water with the temperature of 20-30 ℃ is circularly supplied to each cooler (2) through a cooling water pump (3);
the refrigerant absorbs the waste heat of the cooling water of the unit (1) generating low-temperature waste heat in the evaporator (4), then the refrigerant is continuously gasified and pressurized by the compressor (5) to become a saturated gaseous refrigerant at the temperature of 60-80 ℃; high-temperature and high-pressure gaseous refrigerant enters a first-effect heat exchange tube of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device (7) to heat seawater from a spraying device outside the evaporation tube, the highest evaporation temperature of the seawater is less than 70 ℃, secondary steam generated by evaporation is used as heating steam in a next-effect heat exchange tube to heat the seawater outside the tube, the rest of the seawater is continuously carried out in the same sequence, steam generated by the shell pass of the last-effect heat exchange tube of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device (7) is cooled by seawater in a condenser (8), and distilled water obtained by condensation in tube passes of other effect heat exchange tubes except the first-effect heat exchange tube of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device (7) is respectively; the refrigerant is condensed into high-pressure liquid in a first-effect heat exchange pipe of the low-temperature multi-effect distillation device (7), the high-pressure liquid is decompressed into low-pressure liquid through the throttling device (6), and the refrigerant in the low-pressure liquid state absorbs low-temperature exhaust heat in the evaporator (4) and is continuously gasified; finally, the gasified refrigerant in the evaporator (4) is changed into low-pressure gas, and the low-pressure gas enters the compressor (5) again, and the cycle is repeated in such a way, so that low-grade waste heat is extracted from the unit (1) generating low-temperature waste heat for seawater desalination.
4. A novel low-temperature spent heat seawater desalination system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the refrigerant comprises refrigerant freon, ammonia or water.
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Cited By (1)
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