CN112937039B - 一种仿竹夹芯结构复合材料及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种仿竹夹芯结构复合材料及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112937039B CN112937039B CN202110202264.5A CN202110202264A CN112937039B CN 112937039 B CN112937039 B CN 112937039B CN 202110202264 A CN202110202264 A CN 202110202264A CN 112937039 B CN112937039 B CN 112937039B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- density
- core layer
- foaming material
- foaming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 113
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 39
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011180 sandwich-structured composite Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 244000302661 Phyllostachys pubescens Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000003570 Phyllostachys pubescens Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003733 fiber-reinforced composite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010040844 Skin exfoliation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920006231 aramid fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/18—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by features of a layer of foamed material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
- B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
- B32B3/266—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer characterised by an apertured layer, the apertures going through the whole thickness of the layer, e.g. expanded metal, perforated layer, slit layer regular cells B32B3/12
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
- B32B38/1808—Handling of layers or the laminate characterised by the laying up of the layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
- B32B5/22—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed
- B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
- B32B5/245—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer another layer next to it being a foam layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
- B32B2262/10—Inorganic fibres
- B32B2262/101—Glass fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/0221—Vinyl resin
- B32B2266/0228—Aromatic vinyl resin, e.g. styrenic (co)polymers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/025—Polyolefin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
- B32B2266/02—Organic
- B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
- B32B2266/0278—Polyurethane
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/546—Flexural strength; Flexion stiffness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/718—Weight, e.g. weight per square meter
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/72—Density
- B32B2307/722—Non-uniform density
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种仿竹夹芯结构复合材料及其制造方法,所述复合材料自上而下依次包括上面层、芯层和下面层,所述芯层设为单层或者多层夹芯结构,所述上面层靠近所述芯层一侧的材料密度大于所述上面层远离所述芯层一侧的材料密度,所述下面层靠近所述芯层一侧的材料密度大于所述下面层远离所述芯层一侧的材料密度。本发明与传统的夹芯结构相比,仿毛竹结构夹芯复合材料实现了芯层和面层的梯度变化,在受力时逐级受力,达到缓冲卸力的目的,这种密度变化的夹芯材料能更好实现轻质的情况下,在弯曲断裂时逐级吸收能量,在冲击时各层级逐步缓冲,力学性能得以提高。
Description
【技术领域】
本发明涉及复合材料的技术领域,特别是仿竹夹芯结构复合材料的技术领域。
【背景技术】
近年来,夹芯结构的复合材料开始广泛应用于航空航天、汽车、船舶、风力发电等领域。泡沫夹芯结构复合材料具有轻质高强、高比强度和高比模量的特点,能在满足材料弯曲强度和冲击强度等力学性能的前提下尽量减轻材料的重量。由于传统的泡沫夹芯结构芯层结构单一,且铺层方式设计较为简单,使得泡沫夹芯结构复合材料的抗弯强度和抗冲击性能难以找到有效的提升方法。因此为了改善这种情况,有必要对面层、芯层结构和铺层方式进行改进设计,以提高材料的抗弯和抗冲击性能。在仿生学研究过程中发现毛竹具有轻质高强的特点,毛竹的生物结构具有良好的抗弯强度、抗压强度和冲击韧性,并且发现毛竹纤维的排列存在一定的规律性变化,毛竹的这种结构特征为设计夹芯结构复合材料提供了良好的思路。
【发明内容】
本发明的目的就是解决现有技术中的问题,提出一种仿竹夹芯结构复合材料及其制造方法,能够通过仿毛竹结构提高复合材料的抗弯性能和抗冲击性能。
为实现上述目的,本发明提出了一种仿竹夹芯结构复合材料,所述复合材料自上而下依次包括上面层、芯层和下面层,所述芯层设为单层或者多层夹芯结构,所述上面层靠近所述芯层一侧的材料密度大于所述上面层远离所述芯层一侧的材料密度,所述下面层靠近所述芯层一侧的材料密度大于所述下面层远离所述芯层一侧的材料密度。
作为优选,所述芯层的厚度大于所述上面层和所述下面层的厚度,所述芯层为发泡材料,所述发泡材料内部设有孔隙结构,所述发泡材料的孔隙大小自上而逐渐变小,所述孔隙结构的孔隙密度自上而下逐渐变大。
所述的发泡材料包括聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯类的硬质塑料泡沫材料。
作为优选,所述发泡材料的密度范围为0.3g/cm3~0.6g/cm3。
作为优选,所述芯层设为单层结构。
作为优选,所述芯层为双层夹芯结构,所述芯层自上而下包括上层芯层、中间面层和下层芯层,所述上层芯层和下层芯层的孔隙大小自上而逐渐变小,且所述上层芯层的孔隙结构的最小密度大于所述下层芯层的孔隙结构的最大密度,所述中间面层靠近上面层一侧的材料密度小于所述中间面层靠近所述下面层一侧的材料密度。
作为优选,所述上层芯层和所述下层芯层的厚度范围均为5mm~10mm,所述中间面层为玻璃纤维层合板。
作为优选,所述上面层和所述下面层为纤维层合板,所述上面层和所述下面层厚度范围均为0.5mm~1.5mm。
所述的纤维包括碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、涤纶纤维和其它具有一定强度的矿物纤维、人造纤维和合成纤维,以确保纤维增强的复合材料能达到一定的力学强度。
本发明还提出了一种制作单层结构仿竹夹芯结构复合材料的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)使用半自动平板硫化仪,将纤维、树脂和发泡材料在模具上叠层铺放,发泡材料选用聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯或聚丙烯类的硬质塑料泡沫材料,在树脂的选择上,树脂的熔融温度要与夹芯发泡材料的熔融温度有交叉点,纤维选用在织造时通过组织密度变化实现内外层密度差异的织物;
(2)先将织物纤维密度小的一侧朝下,树脂进行消泡后浸制织物表面;
(3)将底层铺放完毕后,将发泡材料铺放在底层上,发泡材料孔隙大、密度小的一端朝上;
(4)在芯层发泡材料上方叠加表面层的织物,表面织物密度较小的一面朝上,树脂进行消泡后浸制织物表面;
(5)热压成型,热压温度控制在树脂和发泡材料的二者熔融温度之间的临界范围,压力在1~3MPa,热压时间5~15min。
本发明还提出了一种制作双层结构仿竹夹芯结构复合材料的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)使用半自动平板硫化仪,将纤维、树脂和发泡材料在模具上叠层铺放,发泡材料选用聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯或聚丙烯类的硬质塑料泡沫材料,在树脂的选择上,树脂的熔融温度要与夹芯发泡材料的熔融温度有交叉点,纤维选用在织造时通过组织密度变化实现内外层密度差异的织物;
(2)先将织物纤维密度小的一侧朝下,树脂进行消泡后浸制织物表面;
(3)将底层铺放完毕后,将下层发泡材料铺放在底层上,下层发泡材料孔隙大、密度小的一端朝上;
(4)将玻璃纤维铺设在下层发泡材料上方,密度较小的一面朝上,使用树脂浸制玻璃纤维表面,形成中间层;
(5)将上层发泡材料铺放在中间层上,上层发泡材料孔隙大、密度小的一端朝上;
(6)在上层发泡材料上叠加表面层的织物,表面织物密度较小的一面朝上,使用树脂浸制织物表面;
(7)热压成型,热压温度控制在树脂和发泡材料的二者熔融温度之间的临界范围,压力在1~3MPa,热压时间5~15min。
本发明的有益效果:
1、本发明与传统的夹芯结构相比,仿毛竹结构夹芯复合材料实现了芯层和面层的梯度变化,在受力时逐级受力,达到缓冲卸力的目的,这种密度变化的夹芯材料能更好实现轻质的情况下,在弯曲断裂时逐级吸收能量,在冲击时各层级逐步缓冲,力学性能得以提高。
2、本发明的面层织物采用一体织造成形的多层织物,织物通过织造连接更加紧密,一体性更好,且多层织造赋予织物一定的厚度,同时通过织物组织变化实现密度控制,与现有的夹芯面层织物通过叠加方式增加厚度相比织物更加完整,不易剥离,且赋予由外到内密度的梯度变化,在遇到冲击时能在一定程度上卸力。
3、本发明的芯层发泡材料为发泡密度由大到小变化的缓冲结构,仿造毛竹维管束结构由外到内密度逐渐减小的梯度分布结构,在制作复合材料时将密度较小的一面朝上,使物体在受力后大孔隙端首先受力,后孔隙逐渐减小,起到缓冲作用,芯层的厚度选择可以根据实际用途进行变化,由于芯层的多层叠加不利于复合材料的一体结构,增加剥离的风险,建议采用单层或双层结构。
4、本发明在双层夹芯结构间引入玻璃纤维层合板,模拟毛竹纵截面纤维细胞—薄壁细胞—纤维细胞的排列结构,使得芯层在受力时有坚硬结构作为承载体,提高其力学性能。
本发明的特征及优点将通过实施例结合附图进行详细说明。
【附图说明】
图1是本发明实施例一的结构示意图;
图2是本发明实施例二的结构示意图。
图中:1-上面层、2-芯层、3-下面层、4-孔隙结构、5-中间面层、21-上层芯层、22-下层芯层。
【具体实施方式】
实施例一:
参阅图1,本发明一种仿竹夹芯结构复合材料,所述复合材料自上而下依次包括上面层1、芯层2和下面层3,所述芯层2设为单层或者多层夹芯结构,所述上面层1靠近所述芯层2一侧的材料密度大于所述上面层1远离所述芯层2一侧的材料密度,所述下面层3靠近所述芯层2一侧的材料密度大于所述下面层3远离所述芯层2一侧的材料密度,所述芯层2的厚度大于所述上面层1和所述下面层3的厚度,所述芯层2为发泡材料,所述发泡材料内部设有孔隙结构4,所述发泡材料的孔隙大小自上而逐渐变小,所述孔隙结构4的孔隙密度自上而下逐渐变大,所述发泡材料的密度范围为0.3g/cm3~0.6g/cm3,所述芯层2设为单层结构,所述上面层1和所述下面层3为纤维层合板,所述上面层1和所述下面层3厚度范围均为0.5mm~1.5mm。
上述的仿竹夹芯结构复合材料的制备方法如下:
(1)使用半自动平板硫化仪,将纤维、树脂和发泡材料在模具上叠层铺放,发泡材料选用聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯或聚丙烯类的硬质塑料泡沫材料,在树脂的选择上,树脂的熔融温度要与夹芯发泡材料的熔融温度有交叉点,纤维选用在织造时通过组织密度变化实现内外层密度差异的织物;
(2)先将织物纤维密度小的一侧朝下,树脂进行消泡后浸制织物表面;
(3)将底层铺放完毕后,将发泡材料铺放在底层上,发泡材料孔隙大、密度小的一端朝上;
(4)在芯层发泡材料上方叠加表面层的织物,表面织物密度较小的一面朝上,树脂进行消泡后浸制织物表面;
(5)热压成型,热压温度控制在树脂和发泡材料的二者熔融温度之间的临界范围,压力在1~3MPa,热压时间5~15min。
实施例二:
参阅图2,本发明一种仿竹夹芯结构复合材料,所述复合材料自上而下依次包括上面层1、芯层2和下面层3,所述芯层2设为单层或者多层夹芯结构,所述上面层1靠近所述芯层2一侧的材料密度大于所述上面层1远离所述芯层2一侧的材料密度,所述下面层3靠近所述芯层2一侧的材料密度大于所述下面层3远离所述芯层2一侧的材料密度,所述芯层2的厚度大于所述上面层1和所述下面层3的厚度,所述芯层2为发泡材料,所述发泡材料内部设有孔隙结构4,所述发泡材料的孔隙大小自上而逐渐变小,所述孔隙结构4的孔隙密度自上而下逐渐变大,所述发泡材料的密度范围为0.3g/cm3~0.6g/cm3,所述芯层2为双层夹芯结构,所述芯层2自上而下包括上层芯层21、中间面层5和下层芯层22,所述上层芯层21和下层芯层22的孔隙大小自上而逐渐变小,且所述上层芯层21的孔隙结构4的最小密度大于所述下层芯层22的孔隙结构4的最大密度,所述中间面层5靠近上面层1一侧的材料密度小于所述中间面层5靠近所述下面层3一侧的材料密度,所述上层芯层21和所述下层芯层22的厚度范围均为5mm~10mm,所述中间面层5为玻璃纤维层合板,所述上面层1和所述下面层3为纤维层合板,所述上面层1和所述下面层3厚度范围均为0.5mm~1.5mm。
上述的仿竹夹芯结构复合材料的制备方法如下:
(1)使用半自动平板硫化仪,将纤维、树脂和发泡材料在模具上叠层铺放,发泡材料选用聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯或聚丙烯类的硬质塑料泡沫材料,在树脂的选择上,树脂的熔融温度要与夹芯发泡材料的熔融温度有交叉点,纤维选用在织造时通过组织密度变化实现内外层密度差异的织物;
(2)先将织物纤维密度小的一侧朝下,树脂进行消泡后浸制织物表面;
(3)将底层铺放完毕后,将下层发泡材料铺放在底层上,下层发泡材料孔隙大、密度小的一端朝上;
(4)将玻璃纤维铺设在下层发泡材料上方,密度较小的一面朝上,使用树脂浸制玻璃纤维表面,形成中间层;
(5)将上层发泡材料铺放在中间层上,上层发泡材料孔隙大、密度小的一端朝上;
(6)在上层发泡材料上叠加表面层的织物,表面织物密度较小的一面朝上,使用树脂浸制织物表面;
(7)热压成型,热压温度控制在树脂和发泡材料的二者熔融温度之间的临界范围,压力在1~3MPa,热压时间5~15min。
本发明与传统的夹芯结构相比,仿毛竹结构夹芯复合材料实现了芯层和面层的梯度变化,在受力时逐级受力,达到缓冲卸力的目的。这种密度变化的夹芯材料能更好实现轻质的情况下,在弯曲断裂时逐级吸收能量,在冲击时各层级逐步缓冲,力学性能得以提高。所述多层织物的厚度和密度变化是在保证织物结构完整,织造一体的情况下,且为了使复合材料整体结构具备良好的抗弯和抗冲击性能,面层的纤维增强复合材料的厚度需要在0.5mm~1.5mm之间,面层厚度过大会影响与芯层的结合,导致二者易于产生剥离。所述芯层的发泡密度需要使得发泡板自身具有的一定的强度,密度不得过小,中间孔隙不得过大,使其在加热过程中不会产生塌陷。密度也不得过大,密度过大后单位体积芯层质量过大,达不到轻质的效果,密度的范围可在0.3g/cm3~0.6g/cm3区间变化。
上述实施例是对本发明的说明,不是对本发明的限定,任何对本发明简单变换后的方案均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种仿竹夹芯结构复合材料,其特征在于:所述复合材料自上而下依次包括上面层(1)、芯层(2)和下面层(3),所述芯层(2)设为单层或者多层夹芯结构,所述上面层(1)靠近所述芯层(2)一侧的材料密度大于所述上面层(1)远离所述芯层(2)一侧的材料密度,所述下面层(3)靠近所述芯层(2)一侧的材料密度大于所述下面层(3)远离所述芯层(2)一侧的材料密度,所述芯层(2)的厚度大于所述上面层(1)和所述下面层(3)的厚度,所述芯层(2)为发泡材料,所述发泡材料内部设有孔隙结构(4),所述发泡材料的孔隙大小自上而下逐渐变小,所述孔隙结构(4)的孔隙密度自上而下逐渐变大,所述发泡材料的密度范围为0.3g/cm3~0.6g/cm3。
2.如权利要求1所述的仿竹夹芯结构复合材料,其特征在于:所述芯层(2)为双层夹芯结构,所述芯层(2)自上而下包括上层芯层(21)、中间面层(5)和下层芯层(22),所述上层芯层(21)和下层芯层(22)的孔隙大小自上而下逐渐变小,且所述下层芯层(22)的孔隙结构(4)的最小密度大于所述上层芯层(21)的孔隙结构(4)的最大密度,所述中间面层(5)靠近上面层(1)一侧的材料密度小于所述中间面层(5)靠近所述下面层(3)一侧的材料密度。
3.如权利要求2所述的仿竹夹芯结构复合材料,其特征在于:所述上层芯层(21)和所述下层芯层(22)的厚度范围均为5mm~10mm,所述中间面层(5)为玻璃纤维层合板。
4.如权利要求1所述的仿竹夹芯结构复合材料,其特征在于:所述上面层(1)和所述下面层(3)为纤维层合板,所述上面层(1)和所述下面层(3)厚度范围均为0.5mm~1.5mm。
5.一种制作单层结构仿竹夹芯结构复合材料的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)使用半自动平板硫化仪将纤维、树脂和发泡材料在模具上叠层铺放,发泡材料选用聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯的硬质塑料泡沫材料,在树脂的选择上,树脂的熔融温度要与夹芯发泡材料的熔融温度有交叉点,纤维选用在织造时通过组织密度变化实现内外层密度差异的织物;
(2)先将织物纤维密度小的一侧朝下,树脂进行消泡后浸渍织物表面;
(3)将底层铺放完毕后,将发泡材料铺放在底层上,所述发泡材料内部设有孔隙结构,所述发泡材料的孔隙大小自上而下逐渐变小,所述孔隙结构的孔隙密度自上而下逐渐变大,所述发泡材料的密度范围为0.3g/cm3~0.6g/cm3,发泡材料孔隙大、密度小的一端朝上;
(4)在芯层发泡材料上方叠加表面层的织物,表面织物密度较小的一面朝上,树脂进行消泡后浸渍织物表面;
(5)热压成型,热压温度控制在树脂和发泡材料的二者熔融温度之间的临界范围,压力在1~3MPa,热压时间5~15min。
6.一种制作双层结构仿竹夹芯结构复合材料的制作方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)使用半自动平板硫化仪,将纤维、树脂和发泡材料在模具上叠层铺放,发泡材料选用聚苯乙烯、聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯的硬质塑料泡沫材料,在树脂的选择上,树脂的熔融温度要与夹芯发泡材料的熔融温度有交叉点,纤维选用在织造时通过组织密度变化实现内外层密度差异的织物;
(2)先将织物纤维密度小的一侧朝下,树脂进行消泡后浸渍织物表面;
(3)将底层铺放完毕后,将下层发泡材料铺放在底层上,所述发泡材料内部设有孔隙结构,所述发泡材料的孔隙大小自上而下逐渐变小,所述孔隙结构的孔隙密度自上而下逐渐变大,所述发泡材料的密度范围为0.3g/cm3~0.6g/cm3,下层发泡材料孔隙大、密度小的一端朝上;
(4)将玻璃纤维铺设在下层发泡材料上方,密度较小的一面朝上,使用树脂浸渍织物表面,形成中间层;
(5)将上层发泡材料铺放在中间层上,上层发泡材料孔隙大、密度小的一端朝上;
(6)在上层发泡材料上叠加表面层的织物,表面织物密度较小的一面朝上,使用树脂浸渍织物表面;
(7)热压成型,热压温度控制在树脂和发泡材料的二者熔融温度之间的临界范围,压力在1~3MPa,热压时间5~15min。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110202264.5A CN112937039B (zh) | 2021-02-23 | 2021-02-23 | 一种仿竹夹芯结构复合材料及其制造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110202264.5A CN112937039B (zh) | 2021-02-23 | 2021-02-23 | 一种仿竹夹芯结构复合材料及其制造方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN112937039A CN112937039A (zh) | 2021-06-11 |
CN112937039B true CN112937039B (zh) | 2024-06-28 |
Family
ID=76245664
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202110202264.5A Active CN112937039B (zh) | 2021-02-23 | 2021-02-23 | 一种仿竹夹芯结构复合材料及其制造方法 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN112937039B (zh) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110077076A (zh) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-02 | 浙江巨化新材料研究院有限公司 | 一种可整体回收的聚酯泡沫夹芯复合板及其闭环生产工艺 |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN202138019U (zh) * | 2011-03-17 | 2012-02-08 | 任翠 | 一种泡沫夹芯三维增强复合材料 |
CN102767471B (zh) * | 2012-07-27 | 2014-03-26 | 山东泰山瑞豹复合材料有限公司 | 一种垂直轴风力发电机叶片及其制备方法 |
CN104149404B (zh) * | 2014-07-14 | 2016-01-06 | 华南理工大学 | 一种纤维增强泡沫梯度隔热减振层合板 |
CN106183266A (zh) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-12-07 | 江苏科悦新材料有限公司 | 一种发泡夹芯材料及其制造方法和应用 |
CN106273902B (zh) * | 2016-08-05 | 2018-08-07 | 深圳航天科技创新研究院 | 一种泡沫铝夹层结构复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN106926517A (zh) * | 2017-02-10 | 2017-07-07 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十八研究所 | 变密度网格增强芯复合材料及其制备方法 |
CN207747513U (zh) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-08-21 | 广州金发碳纤维新材料发展有限公司 | 一种复合材料厢板 |
CN108943923A (zh) * | 2018-05-29 | 2018-12-07 | 嘉兴领科材料技术有限公司 | 一种基于发泡工艺制作阻燃轨道交通车辆内饰地板 |
CN210104192U (zh) * | 2019-01-31 | 2020-02-21 | 深圳全棉时代科技有限公司 | 一种多层保暖面料 |
-
2021
- 2021-02-23 CN CN202110202264.5A patent/CN112937039B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110077076A (zh) * | 2019-04-29 | 2019-08-02 | 浙江巨化新材料研究院有限公司 | 一种可整体回收的聚酯泡沫夹芯复合板及其闭环生产工艺 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
李闯闯.水下爆炸冲击波载荷下复合夹芯结构毁伤特性研究.《中国优秀硕士学位论文全数据库工程科技Ⅱ辑(月刊)》.2020,(第3期),第C032-83. * |
水下爆炸冲击波载荷下复合夹芯结构毁伤特性研究;李闯闯;《中国优秀硕士学位论文全数据库工程科技Ⅱ辑(月刊)》(第3期);第C032-83 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN112937039A (zh) | 2021-06-11 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP1990178B1 (en) | Method for producing a wind turbine rotor blade | |
EP2113373B1 (en) | Method for manufacturing of a fibre reinforced laminate and of a laterally extended material which has in a first lateral direction a greater stiffness than in a second lateral direction | |
CN108045010B (zh) | 多层复合材料泡沫夹芯板及制备方法 | |
CN105128412B (zh) | 具有网格增强蜂窝芯体的夹芯结构 | |
CN110406178B (zh) | 一种金属/复合材料多层双梯度吸能减振夹芯结构及其制备方法 | |
EP2729296B1 (en) | Wind turbine blade comprising metal filaments and carbon fibres and a method of manufacturing thereof | |
AU2002326922B2 (en) | Three-dimensional knit spacer fabric sandwich composite | |
CN110435238B (zh) | 一种仿生微结构三维纤维中空阵列同步机织功能复合材料 | |
CN101736476A (zh) | 一种泡沫填充的立体增强材料 | |
CN113021945A (zh) | 一种泡沫填充复合材料三维拉胀结构一体化制备方法 | |
CN106853708A (zh) | 浮力补偿型耐撞吸能复合材料多层阵列结构模块 | |
HU220284B (hu) | Eljárás háromdimenziós szálszerkezet előállítására és a háromdimenziós szálszerkezet | |
CN201650621U (zh) | 高刚度玻璃钢层压板 | |
CN112937039B (zh) | 一种仿竹夹芯结构复合材料及其制造方法 | |
CN102390129B (zh) | 一种泡沫夹层结构复合材料及其制备方法 | |
CN115716345B (zh) | 基于热塑预浸料的可展豆荚杆结构连续生产线及其方法 | |
CN115352131B (zh) | 一种预埋件、加工工艺及复材夹层结构 | |
CN113677512A (zh) | 用于闭模复合材料制造的双膨胀泡沫 | |
CN110978672A (zh) | 一种一体成型的夹层结构及工艺 | |
US11377176B2 (en) | Fiber reinforced structural component and method for producing same | |
CN115716358A (zh) | 一种仿生纤维复材夹芯复合板及制备方法 | |
CN113352645A (zh) | 一种泡沫填充复合材料半球型拉胀结构一体化制备方法 | |
CN111531913B (zh) | 一种基于仿生互锁的Z-pin、复合材料及其制备方法 | |
CN102152525A (zh) | 三维正交机织泡沫夹层复合材料的制备方法 | |
KR20010081471A (ko) | 샌드위치 패널 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |