CN112935546A - Laser shock welding device based on direct impact type constraint layer - Google Patents
Laser shock welding device based on direct impact type constraint layer Download PDFInfo
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- CN112935546A CN112935546A CN202110284594.3A CN202110284594A CN112935546A CN 112935546 A CN112935546 A CN 112935546A CN 202110284594 A CN202110284594 A CN 202110284594A CN 112935546 A CN112935546 A CN 112935546A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser shock welding device based on a direct impact type restraint layer, belongs to the technical field of laser welding, and can solve the problems that an immersion type water restraint layer in the existing laser shock welding is difficult to overcome the defects that the uniformity of laser shock wave energy is poor, and water drops are easy to permeate into an acceleration gap between a welding covering piece and a base piece to influence the welding quality. The device comprises: a direct-flushing type spray head and a water supply unit; the direct-flushing type spray head comprises a light-transmitting top cover, a columnar cavity and a cavity lower cone cap; a water inlet end is arranged on the side wall of the columnar cavity; the bottom end of the columnar cavity is provided with a jet nozzle, and water in the columnar cavity forms a water column after being sprayed out of the jet nozzle; a protective gas channel is arranged in the side wall of the columnar cavity and used for conveying protective gas to the water column to surround the water column; laser enters the columnar cavity after passing through the light-transmitting top cover and is transmitted along the direction of the water column; the water jet impacts the absorbent material on the contoured cover to weld the contoured cover and the base member. The invention is used for laser welding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a laser shock welding device based on a direct impact type restraint layer, and belongs to the technical field of laser welding.
Background
The laser impact welding technology is a novel laser cold welding technology and has the advantages of diversified weldable material types, diversified weldable material shapes, strong controllability and no contact. The shock wave generated by laser pulse is utilized to endow a weldment with high-speed power to form impact, the impact surface of two workpieces to be welded can generate the comprehensive action of interfacial wave and jet flow, the surface layer can be regarded as instant liquid under the action of very high pressure wave to form jet flow, and plastic flow is generated, so that on one hand, the jet flow removes an adsorption layer, an oxide layer film, oil stains and the like on the contact surface, and the active clean surface of a metal contact surface is exposed; on the other hand, the jet flow atoms meet in the atomic distance, so that metallurgical bonding is formed on the interface, and welding is realized.
Based on the flexible nature of water, water is often used as a constraining layer in laser shock welding techniques. The method mainly has two defects that water is used as a restraint layer, a water flow covers a workpiece to be welded or the workpiece is immersed in the water: firstly, for a special-shaped surface welding piece, the immersion type water restraint layer cannot ensure the uniformity of the restraint layer, and the thickness difference of the water layers at the concave part and the convex part of the special-shaped surface can be multiple times because the thickness of the water layers is usually thinner, so that the energy of laser shock waves is not uniform, and the uniformity of welding quality is influenced; secondly, water drops are easy to permeate into the accelerating gap between the welding covering piece and the base piece to influence the jet effect during high-speed impact and influence the welding quality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a laser shock welding device based on a direct impact type restraint layer, which can solve the problems that an immersion type water restraint layer in the existing laser shock welding is difficult to overcome the defects that the uniformity of laser shock wave energy is poor, and water drops are easy to permeate into an acceleration gap between a welding cover piece and a base piece to influence the welding quality.
The invention provides a laser shock welding device based on a direct impact type restraint layer, which comprises: a direct-flushing type spray head and a water supply unit; the direct-flushing type spray head comprises a light-transmitting top cover, a columnar cavity and a cavity lower cone cap, wherein the columnar cavity comprises a cavity side wall and a conical bottom wall connected with the bottom end of the cavity side wall; the light-transmitting top cover is arranged at the top end of the columnar cavity and used for sealing the top end opening of the columnar cavity; the cavity lower cone cap is arranged on the outer side of the conical bottom wall and is fixed with the bottom end of the side wall of the cavity; a water inlet end is arranged on the side wall of the columnar cavity close to the light-transmitting top cover; the water supply unit is used for supplying water into the columnar cavity through the water inlet end; the conical bottom wall is provided with a jet nozzle, the lower cone cap of the cavity is provided with a hollow part corresponding to the jet nozzle, and water in the columnar cavity is sprayed out of the jet nozzle to form a water column; a protective gas channel is arranged in the side wall of the cavity and used for conveying protective gas to the water column so that the protective gas surrounds the water column; a water tank is arranged below the columnar cavity, and a water outlet is formed in a bottom plate of the water tank; the special-shaped covering piece and the base piece to be welded are arranged in the water tank; the base piece is positioned between the special-shaped covering piece and the water tank bottom plate, and the surface of the special-shaped covering piece, which is far away from the base piece, is coated with an absorbing material; laser enters the columnar cavity after passing through the light-transmitting top cover and is transmitted along the direction of the water column; the water column impacts the absorbing material to weld the profiled cover and the base member.
Optionally, the shielding gas channel includes: the first air path is positioned in the side wall of the cavity and is vertical to the central axis of the columnar cavity, the second air path is parallel to the central axis of the columnar cavity, and a third air path is formed between the inclined inner wall of the lower cone cap of the cavity and the inclined outer wall of the conical bottom wall; the second air path is communicated with the first air path, and the third air path is communicated with the second air path; the side wall of the cavity is also provided with an air inlet end; the cover gas is followed the end of admitting air gets into in the first gas circuit, and via first gas circuit the second gas circuit with the third gas circuit is carried extremely water column department, in order to surround the water column.
Optionally, the water supply unit comprises a water treatment structure and a water pressurization structure; the water treatment structure is used for treating water quality of water flow; the water pressurizing structure is used for adjusting the pressure of the treated water flow and conveying the adjusted water flow to the water inlet end.
Optionally, the water inlet end is a plurality of, and a plurality of water inlet ends are evenly distributed on the side wall of the cylindrical cavity close to the light-transmitting top cover.
Optionally, the number of the water inlet ends is 2 or 4.
Optionally, the air inlet end is a plurality of, and a plurality of air inlet end evenly distributed be located on the lateral wall under the water inlet end on the column cavity.
Optionally, the number of the air inlet ends is 2 or 4.
Optionally, a focusing mirror is arranged on one side of the columnar cavity, which is far away from the water tank; the central shaft of the focusing lens, the central shaft of the columnar cavity and the central shaft of the water column are coaxially arranged.
Optionally, a transparent lens is disposed on the transparent top cover, and the laser is incident into the cylindrical cavity through the transparent lens; a plurality of grooves are formed in the periphery of the light-transmitting top cover; a first locking hole is formed in each groove, and the light inlet cavity cover is fixed to the top end of the side wall of the cavity through a screw in the first locking hole; the cavity lower cone cap comprises a conical inclined wall and an annular platform connected to the large opening end of the conical inclined wall; a plurality of second locking holes are formed in the annular platform; the cavity lower cone cap is fixed with the bottom end of the side wall of the cavity through a screw in the second locking hole.
Optionally, the conical bottom wall is provided with a mounting hole; the jet nozzle is provided with a penetrating emergent hole right opposite to the light passing lens; the water in the columnar cavity is ejected from the exit hole to form a water column; the jet nozzle is columnar; in the direction of the central shaft of the jet nozzle, the outer side wall of the jet nozzle comprises a connecting section and an inclined guide section; the connecting section is in threaded connection with the mounting hole; the inclined guide section is provided with a guide arc surface; the guide arc surface and the vertical inner side wall of the conical inclined wall form an air outlet cavity; the third air path is communicated with the air outlet cavity; the direction cambered surface is used for with the protection gas direction that the third gas circuit flows out go out the air cavity, in order to surround the water column is all around.
Optionally, the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity is cylindrical.
Optionally, a ratio of a length of the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity in the direction of the central axis of the cylindrical cavity to the inner diameter of the cylindrical cavity is less than or equal to 5: 1.
Optionally, the thickness of the transparent lens is 4mm to 6 mm.
The invention can produce the beneficial effects that:
according to the laser shock welding device based on the direct-flushing type constraint layer, after ordinary water passes through the water supply unit, stable water flow is formed in a stable cavity formed by the light-transmitting top cover, the jet nozzle and the cavity wall of the columnar cavity, and the jet nozzle outputs water columns; protective gas is arranged at the periphery of the water column; laser is incident into the stable cavity through the light-transmitting top cover, is converged in water flow and is output by the jet nozzle, and is transmitted along the direction of the water column; the point where the water column impinges is the weld. The invention effectively solves the problem that the immersed water restraint layer cannot ensure the uniformity of the restraint layer and the problem that water drops easily permeate into the acceleration gap between the welding cover piece and the base piece to influence the welding quality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a laser shock welding device based on a direct impact type constraining layer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic water treatment diagram of a laser shock welding device based on a direct impact type constraint layer according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a comparison between a direct impact type constraining layer and an immersion type constraining layer when welding a workpiece with a special-shaped surface according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front perspective view of the direct-flushing sprayer according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic front sectional view of a direct-flushing showerhead according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic bottom structure view of the direct-flushing showerhead of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic front sectional view of a fluidic nozzle in the direct-flushing sprayer provided by the invention.
List of parts and reference numerals:
1. a water treatment structure; 2. a water pressurizing structure; 3. a shielding gas channel; 4. a focusing mirror; 5. a light transmissive top cover; 6. a jet nozzle; 7. a columnar cavity; 8. a water outlet; 9. stabilizing the cavity; 10. a water inlet end; 11. a water column; 12. a shielding gas; 13. an absorbent material; 14. covering a special-shaped part; 15. a base member; 16. waste water; 17. a water tank; 18. a light-transmitting lens; 19. a groove; 20. a first locking hole; 21. a cavity side wall; 22. a tapered bottom wall; 23. a cavity body is downwards tapered and protruded; 24. a tapered sloped wall; 25. an annular platform; 26. a water inlet path; 27. an air inlet end; 28. a first gas path; 29. a second gas path; 30. a third gas path; 31. an air outlet cavity; 32. an exit aperture; 33. a connecting section; 34. an inclined guide section; 35. a guiding cambered surface; 36. a second locking hole.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a laser shock welding apparatus based on a direct impact type constraining layer, and as shown in fig. 1 to 7, the apparatus includes: a direct-flushing type spray head and a water supply unit; the direct-flushing type spray head comprises a light-transmitting top cover 5, a columnar cavity 7 and a cavity lower cone cap 23, wherein the columnar cavity 7 comprises a cavity side wall 21 and a conical bottom wall 22 connected with the bottom end of the cavity side wall 21; the light-transmitting top cover 5 is arranged at the top end of the columnar cavity 7 and used for sealing the top end opening of the columnar cavity 7; the cavity lower cone cap 23 is arranged on the outer side of the conical bottom wall 22 and is fixed with the bottom end of the cavity side wall 21; a water inlet end 10 is arranged on the side wall of the columnar cavity 7 close to the light-transmitting top cover 5; the water feeding unit is used for feeding water into the columnar cavity 7 through the water inlet end 10; the conical bottom wall 22 is provided with a jet nozzle 6, the cavity lower cone cap 23 is provided with a hollow part corresponding to the jet nozzle 6, and water in the columnar cavity 7 is sprayed out from the jet nozzle 6 to form a water column; a protective gas channel is arranged in the side wall 21 of the cavity and used for conveying the protective gas 12 to the water column 11 so that the protective gas 12 surrounds the water column 11; a water tank 17 is arranged below the columnar cavity 7, and a water outlet 8 is arranged on the bottom plate of the water tank 17; the special-shaped covering piece 14 and the base piece 15 to be welded are arranged in the water tank 17; the base part 15 is positioned between the special-shaped cover part 14 and the bottom plate of the water tank 17, and the surface of the special-shaped cover part 14 far away from the base part 15 is coated with the absorbing material 13; laser enters the columnar cavity 7 through the light-transmitting top cover 5 and is transmitted along the direction of the water column 11; the water column 11 impacts the absorbing material 13 to weld the profiled cover 14 and the base 15.
Wherein, the shielding gas passage 3 includes: a first air passage 28 and a second air passage 29 which are positioned in the side wall 21 of the cavity and are vertical to the central axis of the columnar cavity 7, and a third air passage 30 formed between the inclined inner wall of the lower cone cap 23 of the cavity and the inclined outer wall of the conical bottom wall 22; the second air passage 29 is communicated with the first air passage 28, and the third air passage 30 is communicated with the second air passage 29; the side wall 21 of the cavity is also provided with an air inlet end 27; the shielding gas enters the first gas path 28 from the gas inlet end 27 and is delivered to the water column 11 via the first gas path 28, the second gas path 29 and the third gas path 30 to surround the water column 11.
The number of the water inlet end heads 10 is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention, for example, the number of the water inlet end heads 10 may be multiple, and the multiple water inlet end heads 10 may be uniformly distributed on the side wall of the cylindrical cavity 7 close to the light-transmitting top cover 5. In practical application, the number of the water inlet ends 10 can be 2 or 4. The number of the air inlet ends 27 is not limited in the embodiment of the present invention, for example, the number of the air inlet ends 27 may be multiple, and the multiple air inlet ends 27 are uniformly distributed on the sidewall of the cylindrical cavity 7 located right below the water inlet end 10. In practical applications, the number of the air inlet heads 27 may be 2 or 4.
Referring to fig. 1, a transparent top cover 5 is arranged at the top end of the columnar cavity 7 and used for pressing water flow; the bottom of the columnar cavity 7 is provided with a jet nozzle 6; the cavity wall of the light-transmitting top cover 5, the jet nozzle 6 and the columnar cavity 7 forms a stable cavity 9, the water inlet end 10 is connected with the stable cavity 9 through a water inlet path 26, and the stable cavity 9 is used for forming stable water flow. Two water inlet end heads 10 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the upper end of the columnar cavity 7. After passing through the water supply unit, ordinary water forms stable water flow in a stable cavity 9 consisting of the light-transmitting top cover 5, the jet nozzle 6 and the wall of the columnar cavity 7, and a water column 11 is output by the jet nozzle 6. A hollow protective gas channel 3 is arranged in the cavity side wall 21 of the columnar cavity 7 and is used for introducing high-pressure protective gas 12. The protective gas 12 surrounds the water column 11, improving the water-air interface and ensuring the laminar flow length of the water column 11. Laser is incident into the stable cavity 9 through the light-transmitting top cover 5, is converged in water flow and output by the jet nozzle 6, and finally propagates along the direction of the water column 11. The point where the water column 11 strikes is the weld.
In practical applications, referring to fig. 4 to 7, a transparent lens 18 is disposed on the transparent top cover 5, and the laser light is incident into the cylindrical cavity 7 through the transparent lens 18; a plurality of grooves 19 are arranged around the light-transmitting top cover 5; a first locking hole 20 is formed in each groove 19, and the light-transmitting top cover 5 is fixed to the top end of the side wall 21 of the cavity through screws in the first locking holes 20. The cavity lower cone cap 23 comprises a conical inclined wall 24 and an annular platform 25 connected to the large opening end of the conical inclined wall 24; a plurality of second locking holes 36 are formed in the annular platform 25; the cavity lower cone cap 23 is fixed with the bottom end of the cavity side wall 21 through a screw in the second locking hole 36. The conical bottom wall 22 is provided with a mounting hole; the jet nozzle 6 is detachably arranged in the mounting hole. The second locking holes 36 are uniformly distributed around the annular platform 25 of the cavity lower cone cap 23.
Referring to fig. 5, the fluidic nozzle 6 has an exit hole 32 therethrough facing the transparent lens 5; the water in the columnar cavity 7 is ejected from the exit hole 32 to form a water column 11; the jet nozzle 6 is columnar; in the direction of the central axis of the fluidic nozzle 6, the outer side wall of the fluidic nozzle 6 comprises a connecting section 33 and an inclined guide section 34; the connecting section 33 is used for being in threaded connection with the mounting hole; the inclined guide section 34 has a guide arc surface 35; the guide arc surface 35 and the vertical inner side wall of the conical inclined wall 24 form an air outlet cavity 31; the third air passage 30 is communicated with the air outlet cavity 31; the guiding arc surface 35 is used for guiding the shielding gas 12 flowing out of the third air path 30 to the air outlet cavity 31 so as to surround the periphery of the water column 11, isolate the friction disturbance between the water column 11 and air, and increase the vertical laminar flow length of the water column 11. Wherein, the jet nozzle 6, the exit hole 32 and the guide arc surface 35 are all distributed in a circular ring shape. The lower end of the columnar cavity 7 is provided with a cavity lower cone cap 23, and a third air passage 30 is formed between the cavity lower cone cap 23 and the conical bottom wall 22 of the columnar cavity 7 and used for guiding the protective gas 12 to flow out of the gas outlet cavity 31 and surround the water column 11 ejected from the ejection hole 32. Wherein, the thickness of the light-transmitting lens can be set to be 4 mm-6 mm.
The diameter and the laminar flow length of the water column 11 emitted from the stable cavity 9 can be changed by changing the penetrating diameter of the emergent hole 32 corresponding to different types of the jet nozzles 6. The fluidic nozzles 6 of different models can be fixed in the mounting holes of the conical bottom wall 22 through screw thread switching, so that the replacement is convenient and the structure is simple.
Referring to fig. 2, the upper surface of the shaped coating 14 to be welded is coated with an absorbent material 13, and the base member 15 is placed below the shaped coating 14; the water 11 impinges on the upper surface of the absorbent material 13. The impact welding process is completed in the water tank 17; the bottom of the water tank 17 is provided with a water outlet 8. The water flow generated by the water column 11 flows along the upper surface of the absorbing material 13 to the bottom of the water tank 17, and the waste water 16 flows out through the water outlet 8, so that the special-shaped cover piece 14 and the base piece 15 are not immersed in the water layer any more, and the water drops are prevented from permeating into the acceleration gap between the special-shaped cover piece 14 and the base piece 15 due to the immersed water layer design, thereby improving the welding quality.
Further, the water supply unit comprises a water treatment structure 1 and a water pressurization structure 2; the water treatment structure 1 is used for treating water quality of water flow; the water pressurizing structure 2 is used for adjusting the pressure of the treated water flow and conveying the adjusted water flow to the water inlet end 10.
In the embodiment of the invention, a focusing mirror 4 is arranged on one side of the columnar cavity 7, which is far away from the water tank 17; the central axis of the focusing lens 4 and the central axis of the columnar cavity 7 are coaxial with the central axis of the water column 11.
In practical application, the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity 7 is cylindrical. The ratio of the length of the inner wall of the columnar cavity 7 in the direction of the central axis of the columnar cavity 7 to the inner diameter of the columnar cavity 7 is less than or equal to 5: 1.
Referring to fig. 3(a) - (C), fig. 3(a) and (B) are schematic diagrams of a direct impact type confinement layer, and the water column 11 and the laser are normally incident on the top of the absorption material 13 of the irregular surface, and the length of the water column 11 is L0; during welding, the laser moves transversely along with the water column 11 by a distance a, the water column 11 impacts a certain point on the side of the arc, the height difference between the point and the top point is delta L, and the length of the water column 11 is L0'. For a conventional immersion type water layer, laser light is normally incident on the top point of the absorbing material 13 of the special-shaped cover 14, and the thickness of the water layer is L1; similarly, the laser moves transversely by a distance a and impacts a point along the arc of the workpiece where the water layer has a thickness of L1' and the height difference between the point and the vertex is Δ L1. The thickness L1 of the immersion water confinement layer is usually no more than a few millimeters, even only a few tens of micrometers, substantially comparable to the thickness of the profiled cover 14; for the special-shaped covering part 14, the height difference DeltaL can reach millimeter magnitude, and is equivalent to the thickness of the special-shaped covering part 14, even is several times of the thickness. The water has certain absorption loss, scattering loss and the like for the laser, and the change rate value of the laser passing through the thickness of the water layer is increased by multiple times, so that the energy change rate of the laser is changed by multiple times. Therefore, for the conventional immersion type water layer, the laser energy at any position of the absorbing material 13 is very different, the change rate of the laser energy index reaches 100%, and the change rate seriously influences the energy uniformity of the shock wave formation.
With reference to FIGS. 3(A) and 3(B), the length L0 of the water column 11 is greater than or equal to 100 mm; after the laser moves transversely along with the water column 11, the water column 11 falls on the arc surface of the special-shaped covering part 14, the length difference Delta L0 of the water column 11 generated before and after the laser is not more than L0/100, and the distance difference of the water layer passed by the laser is reduced by at least 2 orders of magnitude. After the comprehensive loss of water, the change rate of the laser energy index is less than or equal to 1%, the energy change rate is reduced by 2 orders of magnitude compared with an immersion type, the influence of energy nonuniformity caused by a special-shaped surface is negligible, the energy uniformity of shock wave formation is improved, and the welding quality is improved.
Although the present application has been described with reference to a few embodiments, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A laser shock welding device based on a direct impact type restraint layer is characterized by comprising: a direct-flushing type spray head and a water supply unit;
the direct-flushing type spray head comprises a light-transmitting top cover, a columnar cavity and a cavity lower cone cap, wherein the columnar cavity comprises a cavity side wall and a conical bottom wall connected with the bottom end of the cavity side wall; the light-transmitting top cover is arranged at the top end of the columnar cavity and used for sealing the top end opening of the columnar cavity; the cavity lower cone cap is arranged on the outer side of the conical bottom wall and is fixed with the bottom end of the side wall of the cavity; a water inlet end is arranged on the side wall of the columnar cavity close to the light-transmitting top cover; the water supply unit is used for supplying water into the columnar cavity through the water inlet end;
the conical bottom wall is provided with a jet nozzle, the lower cone cap of the cavity is provided with a hollow part corresponding to the jet nozzle, and water in the columnar cavity is sprayed out of the jet nozzle to form a water column; a protective gas channel is arranged in the side wall of the cavity and used for conveying protective gas to the water column so that the protective gas surrounds the water column;
a water tank is arranged below the columnar cavity, and a water outlet is formed in a bottom plate of the water tank; the special-shaped covering piece and the base piece to be welded are arranged in the water tank; the base piece is positioned between the special-shaped covering piece and the water tank bottom plate, and the surface of the special-shaped covering piece, which is far away from the base piece, is coated with an absorbing material; laser enters the columnar cavity after passing through the light-transmitting top cover and is transmitted along the direction of the water column; the water column impacts the absorbing material to weld the profiled cover and the base member.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the shielding gas channel comprises:
the first air path is positioned in the side wall of the cavity and is vertical to the central axis of the columnar cavity, the second air path is parallel to the central axis of the columnar cavity, and a third air path is formed between the inclined inner wall of the lower cone cap of the cavity and the inclined outer wall of the conical bottom wall; the second air path is communicated with the first air path, and the third air path is communicated with the second air path;
the side wall of the cavity is also provided with an air inlet end; the cover gas is followed the end of admitting air gets into in the first gas circuit, and via first gas circuit the second gas circuit with the third gas circuit is carried extremely water column department, in order to surround the water column.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 or 2, wherein the water delivery unit comprises a water treatment structure and a water pressurization structure; the water treatment structure is used for treating water quality of water flow; the water pressurizing structure is used for adjusting the pressure of the treated water flow and conveying the adjusted water flow to the water inlet end;
preferably, the number of the water inlet ends is multiple, and the multiple water inlet ends are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the cylindrical cavity close to the light-transmitting top cover;
preferably, the number of the water inlet ends is 2 or 4.
4. The device of claim 3, wherein the number of the air inlet ends is multiple, and the multiple air inlet ends are uniformly distributed on the side wall of the cylindrical cavity body, which is positioned right below the water inlet end;
preferably, the number of the air inlet ends is 2 or 4.
5. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein a focusing mirror is arranged on one side of the cylindrical cavity far away from the water tank; the central shaft of the focusing lens, the central shaft of the columnar cavity and the central shaft of the water column are coaxially arranged.
6. The device of claim 2, wherein a transparent lens is disposed on the transparent top cover, and the laser is incident into the cylindrical cavity through the transparent lens;
a plurality of grooves are formed in the periphery of the light-transmitting top cover; a first locking hole is formed in each groove, and the light inlet cavity cover is fixed to the top end of the side wall of the cavity through a screw in the first locking hole;
the cavity lower cone cap comprises a conical inclined wall and an annular platform connected to the large opening end of the conical inclined wall; a plurality of second locking holes are formed in the annular platform; the cavity lower cone cap is fixed with the bottom end of the side wall of the cavity through a screw in the second locking hole.
7. The device of claim 6, wherein the conical bottom wall is provided with a mounting hole;
the jet nozzle is provided with a penetrating emergent hole right opposite to the light passing lens; the water in the columnar cavity is ejected from the exit hole to form a water column;
the jet nozzle is columnar; in the direction of the central shaft of the jet nozzle, the outer side wall of the jet nozzle comprises a connecting section and an inclined guide section; the connecting section is in threaded connection with the mounting hole;
the inclined guide section is provided with a guide arc surface; the guide arc surface and the vertical inner side wall of the conical inclined wall form an air outlet cavity; the third air path is communicated with the air outlet cavity; the direction cambered surface is used for with the protection gas direction that the third gas circuit flows out go out the air cavity, in order to surround the water column is all around.
8. The device of claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity is cylindrical.
9. The device of claim 1 or 8, wherein a ratio of a length of an inner wall of the cylindrical cavity in a direction of a central axis of the cylindrical cavity to an inner diameter of the cylindrical cavity is less than or equal to 5: 1.
10. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the thickness of the clear lens is between 4mm and 6 mm.
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