CN112932641B

CN112932641B - Tibia intramedullary nail

Info

Publication number: CN112932641B
Application number: CN202110097119.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 侯志勇; 尹英超; 李严; 张英泽
Original assignee: Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
Current assignee: Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
Priority date: 2021-01-25
Filing date: 2021-01-25
Publication date: 2023-09-08
Anticipated expiration: 2041-01-25
Also published as: CN112932641A

Abstract

The application provides a shank intramedullary nail, which belongs to the technical field of medical appliances and comprises an arc-shaped supporting tube, a plurality of sectional supporting tubes and a flexible rope, wherein an anti-drop block is arranged at the end part of the flexible rope sequentially penetrates through the sectional supporting tubes and the arc-shaped supporting tube and is pressed on the anti-drop block by means of a tightening member, and the number of the sectional supporting tubes is increased or decreased to match different positions of shank fracture. According to the tibia intramedullary nail provided by the application, the support pipes sequentially enter the tibia in a segmented mode, and the arc-shaped support pipes at the upper part can smoothly transition the tibia intramedullary nail from the side direction of the tibia platform to the axis direction of the tibia, so that a large pre-perforating is not required to be arranged, and the affected part of a patient can be ensured to be quickly recovered. The number of the segmented supporting tubes is changed, so that the tibia intramedullary nails can be increased or shortened, and then the tibia intramedullary nails at different positions are matched with tibia fracture areas, and the tibia intramedullary nails with different lengths do not need to be replaced according to the tibia fracture areas.

Description

Tibia intramedullary nail

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of medical appliances, and particularly relates to a tibia intramedullary nail.

Background

Intramedullary nail operation is a common fixing mode for fixing tibia fracture, but the common tibia intramedullary nail is designed into a whole section of rigid straight rod in the middle section, so that the selecting aspect of the operation access nail point can only select the edges of a tibia platform or a joint surface and surrounding access ways, the existing tibia intramedullary nail has two access modes, one is a knee joint semi-straightening position, the patella access way is adopted, and joint cartilage and joint surface can be damaged by the damage of joint capsule in operation. The other is a buckling position, a patellar bypass is adopted, the perspective in operation is inconvenient, and meanwhile, the patellar tendon is damaged.

Disclosure of Invention

The application aims to provide a tibia intramedullary nail with a side approach, which aims to solve the problems that the intramedullary nail is difficult to penetrate into tibia or the tibia patella upper approach and the patella side approach damage to the patella tendon of a joint, the recovery time of a patient is influenced, and the intramedullary nails with different lengths are prepared in advance for matching different tibia fracture positions before an operation.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a tibia intramedullary nail, including arc stay tube, a plurality of segmentation stay tube and tip are equipped with the flexible rope of anticreep piece, the arc stay tube has the radian that matches tibia platform side direction to tibia axis transition, flexible rope runs through a plurality of in proper order segmentation stay tube with the arc stay tube, and with the help of being located the tightening member of arc stay tube tip is used for a plurality of segmentation stay tube with the arc stay tube compresses tightly in proper order on the anticreep piece, through increasing and decreasing the quantity of segmentation stay tube is used for adjusting tibia intramedullary nail's length to match the different positions of tibia fracture.

As another embodiment of the present application, the arc-shaped support tube and the segment support tube are inserted and combined between the adjacent segment support tubes.

As another embodiment of the application, the lower ends of the sectional support tube and the arc support tube are respectively provided with a conical table, and the upper end of the sectional support tube is provided with a conical groove for matching with the conical table.

As another embodiment of the present application, the adjacent segmented support tubes and the arc support tube and the segmented support tube are in hinged fit.

As another embodiment of the application, the lower ends of the segmented support tube and the arc support tube are respectively provided with a ball head end, the upper end of the segmented support tube is provided with an arc groove for matching with the ball head end, and the ball head end is matched with the arc groove for limiting the ball head end to rotate along a horizontal axis relative to the arc groove.

As another embodiment of the present application, a damping layer is provided on the inner wall of the arc-shaped groove and/or the outer wall of the spherical head end.

As another embodiment of the present application, an anti-falling groove for clamping the anti-falling block is formed at the end of the segment support tube at the end.

In another embodiment of the present application, the tightening member is a locking sleeve, and the flexible rope is provided with a threaded section for matching with the locking sleeve, and the locking sleeve is screwed on the flexible rope through the threaded section, so as to sequentially compress the plurality of segmented support tubes and the arc-shaped support tubes in the tibia.

As another embodiment of the present application, the present application further comprises a plurality of fixing screws, wherein the plurality of fixing screws are used for fixing the arc-shaped support tube and the plurality of segment support tubes at different angles.

As another embodiment of the application, the length of the segmented support tube is no greater than 60mm.

The tibia intramedullary nail provided by the application has the beneficial effects that: compared with the prior art, the tibia intramedullary nail has the advantages that one end of the flexible rope provided with the anti-drop block penetrates into the lateral pre-opening hole of the tibia platform, one end of the flexible rope far away from the anti-drop block sequentially penetrates into a plurality of segmented supporting pipes, the penetrated segmented supporting pipes continuously penetrate into the bone marrow in the tibia, finally penetrate into the arc supporting pipes, and the arc supporting pipes and the segmented supporting pipes are tightly pressed on the anti-drop block through the tightening member, so that the arc supporting pipes and the segmented supporting pipes form a tibia intramedullary nail structure with an arc upper part and a straight lower part. Because the stay tube adopts the segmentation form to get into in the tibia in proper order, and the arc stay tube on upper portion can be smooth with tibia intramedullary nail from tibia platform side direction transition to tibia axis direction on moreover, consequently, need not to set up great trompil in advance, ensure that patient's affected part can recover fast. The number of the segmented supporting tubes is changed, so that the tibia intramedullary nails can be increased or shortened, and then the tibia intramedullary nails at different positions are matched with tibia fracture areas, and the tibia intramedullary nails with different lengths do not need to be replaced according to the tibia fracture areas.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an operation state of a tibial intramedullary nail according to a first embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a connection structure of an arc-shaped support tube, a flexible rope and a tightening member according to a first embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 at A;

fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of adjacent segmented support tubes according to a first embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing an operation state of a tibial intramedullary nail according to a second embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a connection structure of an arc-shaped support tube, a flexible rope, and a tightening member according to a second embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged view at B in FIG. 6;

fig. 8 is a perspective view of a segmented support tube provided in accordance with a second embodiment of the present application.

In the figure: 100. an arc-shaped support tube; 200. a segmented support tube; 210. a conical table; 220. a conical groove; 230. a ball end; 240. an arc-shaped groove; 250. an anti-drop groove; 300. a flexible rope; 301. an anti-falling block; 400. a tightening member; 410. a locking sleeve; 500. and (5) fixing the screw.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects to be solved more clear, the application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.

Referring to fig. 1 and 5, an intramedullary nail for tibia provided by the present application will now be described. The tibia intramedullary nail comprises an arc-shaped supporting tube 100, a plurality of segmented supporting tubes 200 and a flexible rope 300 with an anti-drop block 301 arranged at the end part, wherein the arc-shaped supporting tube 100 is provided with an arc which is matched with the lateral transition of a tibia platform to a tibia axis, the flexible rope 300 sequentially penetrates through the segmented supporting tubes 200 and the arc-shaped supporting tube 100, the segmented supporting tubes 200 and the arc-shaped supporting tube 100 are sequentially pressed on the anti-drop block 301 by means of a tightening member 400 positioned at the end part of the arc-shaped supporting tube 100, and the length of the tibia intramedullary nail is adjusted by increasing and decreasing the number of the segmented supporting tubes 200 so as to be matched with different positions of tibia fracture.

Compared with the prior art, the tibia intramedullary nail provided by the application has the advantages that one end of the flexible rope 300 provided with the anti-drop block 301 penetrates into the lateral pre-opening hole of the tibia platform, one end of the flexible rope 300 far away from the anti-drop block 301 sequentially penetrates into the plurality of segmented support pipes 200, the penetrated plurality of segmented support pipes 200 continuously penetrate into the bone marrow in the tibia, finally penetrate into the arc-shaped support pipe 100, and the arc-shaped support pipe 100 and the plurality of segmented support pipes 200 are tightly pressed on the anti-drop block 301 through the tightening member 400, so that the arc-shaped support pipe 100 and the plurality of segmented support pipes 200 form a tibia intramedullary nail structure with an arc upper part and a straight part. Because the sectional support tube 200 sequentially enters the tibia in a sectional mode, and the arc support tube 100 at the upper part can smoothly transition the tibia intramedullary nail from the tibia plateau side direction to the tibia axis direction, a large pre-opening hole is not required to be formed, and the affected part of a patient can be ensured to be quickly restored. By changing the number of the sectional support tubes 200, the tibia intramedullary nails can be increased or shortened so as to be matched with tibia fracture areas at different positions, and the tibia intramedullary nails with different lengths do not need to be replaced according to the tibia fracture areas, so that the tibia intramedullary nail is convenient to use and simple to operate.

The region a identified in fig. 1 and 5 is the fracture position of the tibia. The arc-shaped support tube 100 and the segmented support tube 200 are hollow tubular structures, the inner diameter of the channel is larger than the outer diameter of the flexible rope 300 when the flexible rope 300 passes smoothly, and the smooth passing of the flexible rope 300 is not affected when the included angle exists between the adjacent segmented support tubes 200.

In addition, the flexible rope 300 has certain rigidity while being flexible, and an armor layer can be sleeved outside the flexible rope 300, so that the situation that the flexible rope 300 winds or knots out of the flexible rope is avoided. The flexible rope 300 with certain rigidity can be smoothly and independently penetrated from the pre-opening hole on the lateral direction of the tibia platform, so that the operation is convenient.

As an embodiment of the tibial intramedullary nail provided in the present application, referring to fig. 2 to 4, adjacent segmented support tubes 200 are inserted into engagement with each other, and arc-shaped support tube 100 is inserted into segmented support tube 200.

In this embodiment, when the flexible rope 300 is tensioned using the tightening member 400, the plurality of segmented support tubes 200 and the arc-shaped support tube 100 are brought close to each other and are compressed between the tightening member 400 and the anti-slip block 301. The adjacent sectional support pipes 200 and the arc support pipes 100 and the sectional support pipes 200 are connected with each other in an inserting mode, so that relative sliding of the adjacent sectional support pipes 200 or the arc support pipes 100 and the sectional support pipes 200 can be avoided, and the stability of the tibia intramedullary nail structure is improved.

As a specific embodiment of the tibia intramedullary nail provided by the present application, referring to fig. 2 to 4, the lower ends of the segmented support tube 200 and the arc support tube 100 are respectively provided with a conical table 210, and the upper end of the segmented support tube 200 is provided with a conical groove 220 for matching the conical table 210.

In this embodiment, the conical table 210 is a conical table, and the conical groove 220 is a conical groove, which are matched with each other. When the flexible rope 300 is not tensioned by the tensioning member 400, the segmented support tube 200 and the arc support tube 100 can rotate relative to the segmented support tube 200 below and can be arranged at an included angle, and a certain degree of freedom is provided. When the flexible rope 300 is tightened by the tightening member 400, the segmented support tube 200 and the tapered table 210 at the lower portion of the arc support tube 100 can be pressed into the tapered groove 220 at the upper end of the segmented support tube 200 below the line thereof, so that the two are relatively kept stable.

In addition, when the flexible rope 300 is tightened by the tightening member 400, two adjacent segmental support tubes 200 or arc support tubes 100 and segmental support tubes 200 with an included angle can be compressed, and the two adjacent segmental support tubes can be kept in the included angle state by the friction force between the outer wall of the conical table 210 and the inner wall of the conical groove 220, so that the local bending area of the tibia can be matched, and the intramedullary nail of the tibia has stronger capability of adapting to different areas.

As an embodiment of the tibial intramedullary nail provided in the present application, referring to fig. 5 to 8, the adjacent segmented support tubes 200 are hingedly coupled to each other, as well as the arcuate support tube 100 and the segmented support tube 200.

In this embodiment, the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the plurality of segment support tubes 200 are sequentially sleeved on the flexible rope 300, and when the flexible rope 300 is tensioned by the tightening member 400, the joint of the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the segment support tube 200 is hinged and matched, so that the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the segment support tube 200 can be arranged in an included angle to match the outline shapes of different bones; similarly, the joint of two adjacent segment support tubes 200 is also in hinged fit, so that the two adjacent segment support tubes 200 can be arranged in an included angle, and the contour shape of different bones can be matched.

The hinged manner can lead the tibia intramedullary nail provided by the application not to be limited to tibia fracture surgery, and can be expanded to other bone fracture surgeries.

As an embodiment of the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present application, referring to figures 5-8,

the lower ends of the segmented support tube 200 and the arc support tube 100 are respectively provided with a ball head end 230, the upper end of the segmented support tube 200 is provided with an arc groove 240 for matching the ball head end 230, and the ball head end 230 is matched with the arc groove 240 for limiting the ball head end 230 to rotate along a horizontal axis relative to the arc groove 240.

In this embodiment, the upper portion of the arc-shaped groove 240 has two arc-shaped side walls, which can define the rotation direction of the ball end 230. When the ball end 230 rotates, the ball end 230 can only rotate at a certain angle along any arc-shaped side wall. So that the ball end 230 can rotate only in one plane formed. Finally, after the segmented support tube 200 enters the tibia, the segmented support tube 200 rotates downwards relative to the adjacent segmented support tube 200, so that the segmented support tube 200 can smoothly penetrate into the tibia from the pyriform fossa in sequence.

As an embodiment of the intramedullary nail provided in the present application, referring to fig. 8, the inner wall of the arcuate slot 240 and/or the outer wall of the ball end 230 are provided with a damping layer.

In this embodiment, the damping layer (not shown) may be a wool layer, so as to increase the friction between the ball end 230 and the arc-shaped groove 240, and ensure that the ball end 230 and the arc-shaped groove 240 are positioned at any angle by the pressure provided by the tightening member 400 after rotating the ball end 230 and the arc-shaped groove 240 by a relative angle, so as to avoid the situation that the ball end 230 and the arc-shaped groove 240 slide relatively after the flexible rope 300 is tensioned.

Alternatively, the damping layer may be a tooth-shaped structure or a bump structure, and may be engaged with the smooth surface in any manner, so as to improve the friction between the ball end 230 and the arc-shaped groove 240.

As a specific embodiment of the tibia intramedullary nail provided in the present application, referring to fig. 3 and 7, the end of the segmented support tube 200 at the end is provided with an anti-drop groove 250 for clamping the anti-drop block 301.

In this embodiment, the escape prevention groove 250 is formed at the end of the distal segment support pipe 200, and the escape prevention groove 250 communicates with the passage for passing the flexible rope 300. When the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the segmented support tube 200 are mounted on the flexible rope 300, the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the segmented support tube 200 are sleeved on the flexible rope 300 from one end of the flexible rope 300, which is far away from the anti-falling block 301, until the segmented support tube 200 firstly sleeved on the flexible rope 300 reaches the anti-falling block 301, so that the anti-falling block 301 is clamped in the anti-falling groove 250 of the corresponding segmented support tube 200, and the flexible rope 300 can be ensured not to fall out from the segmented support tube 200 under the tension of the tightening member 400.

In addition, the anti-drop block 301 can be hidden in the anti-drop groove 250, so that the anti-drop block 301 is prevented from occupying the intramedullary space, and meanwhile, the anti-drop block 301 can also block a channel for passing through the flexible rope 300, so that bone marrow is prevented from entering the channel.

As a specific embodiment of the tibia intramedullary nail provided by the application, referring to fig. 1 and 5, the tightening member 400 is a locking sleeve 410, a threaded section for matching the locking sleeve 410 is provided on the flexible rope 300, and the locking sleeve 410 is screwed on the flexible rope 300 through the threaded section, so as to sequentially compress the plurality of segmented support tubes 200 and the arc-shaped support tubes 100 in the tibia.

In this embodiment, the outer surface of the flexible rope 300 is provided with external threads, when the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the plurality of segment support tubes 200 sleeved on the flexible rope 300 meet the requirements of the position of the tibia fracture, the locking sleeve 410 starts to rotate, and the locking sleeve 410 moves to one side of the arc-shaped support tube 100 while rotating, so that the arc-shaped support tube 100 is driven to squeeze the adjacent segment support tube 200, the adjacent segment support tube 200 is squeezed again to squeeze the segment support tube 200 adjacent to the adjacent segment support tube, and the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the plurality of segment support tubes 200 are finally pressed through the locking sleeve 410 in a similar manner, so that the tibia intramedullary nail with stable structure is formed, and the position of the tibia fracture can be well matched.

As a specific embodiment of the intramedullary nail for tibia provided in the present application, referring to fig. 1 and 5, a plurality of fixing screws 500 are further included, and the plurality of fixing screws 500 are used to fix the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the plurality of segment support tubes 200 at different angles, respectively.

In this embodiment, the fixing screw 500 penetrates the tibia at different angles, and penetrates the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the plurality of segment support tubes 200 correspondingly, so that the arc-shaped support tube 100 and the plurality of segment support tubes 200 are fixed in the tibia, and the stability of the entire tibia intramedullary nail is further realized.

As one embodiment of the tibial intramedullary nail provided by the present application, the segmented support tube 200 is no longer than 60mm.

In this embodiment, the segmented support tube 200 is a straight segment, and the length of the straight segment is limited to be not more than 60mm, so that the straight segment can be ensured to smoothly rotate downwards to a vertical state in the tibia after being penetrated from the side of the tibia plateau.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the application.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a shank intramedullary nail, its characterized in that includes arc stay tube, a plurality of segmentation stay tube and tip are equipped with the flexible rope of anticreep piece, the arc stay tube has the radian that matches shank platform side direction to shank axis transition, flexible rope runs through a plurality of in proper order the segmentation stay tube with the arc stay tube, and with the help of being located the tightening member of arc stay tube tip is used for with a plurality of segmentation stay tube with the arc stay tube compresses tightly in proper order on the anticreep piece, through increasing and decreasing the quantity of segmentation stay tube is used for adjusting the length of shank intramedullary nail to match the different positions of shank fracture, adjacent between the segmentation stay tube, and the arc stay tube with articulated cooperation between the segmentation stay tube, the segmentation stay tube with the lower extreme of arc stay tube all is equipped with the bulb end, the upper end of segmentation stay tube is seted up and is used for matching the arc groove of bulb end, the upper portion of arc groove possesses two curved lateral walls, the bulb end cooperation the arc groove is used for limiting the bulb end is rotated along the horizontal axis for the arc groove, arc inslot wall and/or be equipped with the flexible rope's outside suit has the damping layer.

2. The tibial intramedullary nail of claim 1, wherein adjacent ones of said segmented support tubes are interposed between said arcuate support tubes and said segmented support tubes.

3. The tibial intramedullary nail of claim 2, wherein the lower ends of the segmented support tube and the arc support tube are each provided with a tapered table, and the upper end of the segmented support tube is provided with a tapered slot for matching the tapered table.

4. The tibial intramedullary nail of claim 1, wherein an end of the segmented support tube at the distal end is provided with an anti-drop slot for engaging the anti-drop block.

5. The tibial intramedullary nail of claim 1, wherein the tightening member is a locking sleeve, the flexible cord is provided with a threaded section for matching the locking sleeve, the locking sleeve is screwed on the flexible cord through the threaded section for sequentially compressing the plurality of segmented support tubes and the arc-shaped support tubes in the tibia.

6. The tibial intramedullary nail of claim 1, further comprising a plurality of set screws, a plurality of said set screws being used to secure said arcuate support tube and a plurality of said segmented support tubes, respectively, at different angles.

7. The tibial intramedullary nail of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the segmented support tube has a length of no greater than 60mm.