CN112928479B - Circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguide - Google Patents
Circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguide Download PDFInfo
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- CN112928479B CN112928479B CN202110158701.8A CN202110158701A CN112928479B CN 112928479 B CN112928479 B CN 112928479B CN 202110158701 A CN202110158701 A CN 202110158701A CN 112928479 B CN112928479 B CN 112928479B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0414—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna in a stacked or folded configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/002—Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/34—Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
- H01Q21/0037—Particular feeding systems linear waveguide fed arrays
- H01Q21/0043—Slotted waveguides
- H01Q21/005—Slotted waveguides arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0421—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/0428—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna radiating a circular polarised wave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguide, which comprises: the structure comprises a radiation patch, an upper dielectric plate, a feed patch, a lower dielectric plate, a metal short-circuit needle, a metal floor and a radio frequency connector, wherein the size of the marine radar antenna array is reduced by utilizing a substrate integrated waveguide structure; the impedance bandwidth of the marine radar antenna array is increased by adopting a traveling wave structure; by adopting the circular opening radiation patch, the circular polarization radiation function of the antenna array is realized and the gain of the antenna array is improved; by adopting the rectangular gaps arranged on the same straight line, the circular polarization performance of the antenna array is improved; the side lobe level of the antenna array is reduced by the method of offsetting the short circuit pins, and in addition, the circularly polarized antenna array has the characteristics of compact structure, small volume, light weight and the like, and is very suitable for being applied to marine radars.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas, in particular to a circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguide.
Background
According to the regulations of the international maritime organization, all ships involved in the maritime life safety convention must be equipped with an X-band radar, and large commercial ships must also be equipped with an S-band radar. In fact, with the continuous development of economy, various ships with small tonnage are equipped with navigation radars. The polarization mode of the marine radar antenna is mostly horizontal polarization. Horizontally polarized waves can reduce the effect of sea clutter compared to vertically polarized waves. However, with the rapid increase of the number of ships, the linear polarization radar antenna array cannot meet the development requirement. Because the polarization of the reflected signals from the ground or other objects can be reversed, the right-hand circularly polarized reflected waves can be changed into left-hand circularly polarized reflected waves, and the right-hand circularly polarized antenna array just can not receive the reflected wave signals, so that the circularly polarized antenna array can weaken the interference from the reflected waves; in addition, the weather condition is complex in the marine navigation process, severe weather such as heavy rain and heavy fog occurs frequently, the interference of rain and fog reduces the signal transmission capability of the linear polarization radar antenna array, but the circularly polarized antenna array can effectively inhibit the interference of rain and fog, and therefore the circularly polarized antenna array can be widely used in the application field of marine radars.
A traditional marine radar antenna array mostly adopts a metal waveguide slot structure, but the metal waveguide slot antenna is large in size, high in processing cost and difficult to realize circular polarization. The substrate integrated waveguide is a novel microwave transmission line, can limit the electromagnetic wave radiated outwards through the metal through hole or the via hole, realizes various attributes of the traditional metal waveguide, and has the advantages of low manufacturing cost, high processing precision and small volume. Therefore, the substrate integrated waveguide can replace the traditional rectangular metal waveguide to realize the marine radar antenna, so that the size is reduced and the cost is reduced. At present, most of the existing substrate integrated waveguide slot antennas are in two structures of a transverse slot and a longitudinal slot, and can respectively realize a horizontal polarization antenna array and a vertical polarization antenna array. Although the modification of the slotting direction can realize circular polarization, the circular polarization bandwidth and axial ratio performance are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguide, which overcomes the technical problems of poor circular polarization bandwidth and axial ratio performance of the conventional substrate integrated waveguide slot antenna.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a circular polarization marine radar antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguide comprises: the antenna comprises a radiation patch, an upper dielectric plate, a feed patch, a lower dielectric plate, a metal short-circuit pin, a metal floor and a radio frequency connector.
Furthermore, the radiation patch is located on the upper surface of the upper dielectric slab, the radiation patch comprises 2n same circular opening radiation patches, and n is an integer.
Furthermore, the feed patch is positioned on the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate; the metal floor is positioned on the lower surface of the lower medium plate.
Furthermore, the feed patch comprises a rectangular slotted patch and microstrip transition structures oppositely arranged on two sides of the rectangular slotted patch; the rectangular slotted patch is provided with n rectangular slots, and each rectangular slot is arranged along the horizontal center line of the rectangular slotted patch; and two sides of each rectangular gap are respectively symmetrically provided with a circular perforated radiation patch so as to excite a group of circular perforated radiation patches simultaneously.
Furthermore, the metal short-circuit pin penetrates through the lower-layer dielectric plate to connect the feed patch with the metal floor.
Further, the metal shorting pin comprises a first shorting pin combination and a second shorting pin combination; the number of the first short circuit pin combinations is two, the first short circuit pin combinations are respectively arranged at the edges of two sides of the lower-layer dielectric slab, and each first short circuit pin combination comprises two rows of first short circuit pins; the number of the second short circuit pin combinations is n, each group of the second short circuit pin combinations comprises two rows of second short circuit pins, and each row of the second short circuit pins is correspondingly arranged near the circular perforated radiation patch one by one; and any two rows of second short circuit nails positioned on the same side of the horizontal center line of the rectangular slotted patch are not positioned on the same straight line.
Furthermore, the radio frequency connector comprises two radio frequency connectors I with the same structure, and the two radio frequency connectors I are respectively positioned at the left edge and the right edge of the lower dielectric slab.
Furthermore, circular trompil radiation paster includes circular square hole paster, first square perturbation paster and the square perturbation paster of second, first square perturbation paster and the setting of the square perturbation paster of second are in the square hole of circular square hole paster, and both centers are located on the diagonal of square hole.
Further, the microstrip transition structure comprises a rectangular microstrip line and a trapezoidal microstrip line; the width of one end of the trapezoidal microstrip line is gradually decreased from the upper dielectric plate side to the rectangular microstrip line side; one end of the rectangular microstrip line is connected with the trapezoidal microstrip line, and the other end of the rectangular microstrip line is connected with the radio frequency connector.
Further, an inner conductor of the radio frequency connector I is connected with a feed patch; the outer conductor of the radio frequency connector I is connected with a metal floor.
Has the advantages that: according to the circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on the substrate integrated waveguide, the size of the marine radar antenna array is reduced by utilizing the substrate integrated waveguide structure; the impedance bandwidth of the marine radar antenna array is increased by adopting a traveling wave structure; by adopting the circular opening radiation patch, the circularly polarized radiation function of the antenna array is realized and the gain of the antenna array is improved; by adopting the rectangular gaps arranged on the same straight line, the circular polarization performance of the antenna array is improved; by means of the offset short-circuit pin, the side lobe level of the antenna array is reduced. In addition, the circularly polarized antenna array has the characteristics of compact structure, small volume, light weight and the like, and is very suitable for being applied to marine radars.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a top view of a circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguides in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of a circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguides in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of a circular aperture radiation patch in a circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguides in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of a metal shorting pin and a feeding patch in a circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on a substrate integrated waveguide according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a S parameter amplitude curve diagram of a circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguide according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an axial ratio curve diagram of the circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on the substrate integrated waveguide along with frequency according to the invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the gain of the circularly polarized marine radar antenna array with frequency according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a horizontal gain directivity diagram of the circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on the substrate integrated waveguide at the center operating frequency of 9.41GHz according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a horizontal left/right hand circular polarization directivity pattern of the circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on the substrate integrated waveguide at the center operating frequency of 9.41GHz according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the present embodiment provides a circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on a substrate integrated waveguide, including: the antenna comprises a radiation patch 1, an upper dielectric plate 2, a feed patch 3, a lower dielectric plate 4, a metal short-circuit pin 5, a metal floor 6 and a radio frequency connector 7;
preferably, in this embodiment, the radiation patch 1 includes 20 circular open-hole radiation patches 11 with the same structure, which are located on the upper surface of the upper dielectric slab 2; the circular perforated radiation patch 11 comprises a circular square-hole patch 111, a first square perturbation patch 112 and a second square perturbation patch 113; the first square perturbation patch 112 and the second square perturbation patch 113 are arranged in the square hole of the round square hole patch 111, and the centers of the first square perturbation patch and the second square perturbation patch are positioned on the diagonal line of the square hole; the size of the circular square-hole patch 111 determines the working frequency, circular polarization is realized by adjusting the sizes of the first square perturbation patch 112 and the second square perturbation patch 113, and the working frequency of the antenna, the dielectric thickness and the dielectric constant of the upper dielectric plate 2 all influence the size proportional relationship of the first square perturbation patch 112 and the second square perturbation patch 113.
Preferably, the feed patch 3 is positioned on the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate 4; the metal floor 6 is positioned on the lower surface of the lower dielectric plate 4; the metal short-circuit pin 5 penetrates through the lower-layer dielectric plate 4 to connect the feed patch 3 with the metal floor 6.
Preferably, the feed patch 3 includes a rectangular slotted patch 31, and microstrip transition structures 32 oppositely disposed on two sides of the rectangular slotted patch 31; there are 10 rectangular slots 311 in the rectangular slotted patch 31, the 10 rectangular slots 311 are disposed along the horizontal center line of the rectangular slotted patch 31, and two sides of each rectangular slot 311 are respectively symmetrically disposed with one circular aperture radiation patch 11, so as to excite a group of circular aperture radiation patches simultaneously.
Preferably, the microstrip transition structure 32 includes a rectangular microstrip line 321 and a trapezoidal microstrip line 322; the width of one end of the trapezoidal microstrip line 322 gradually decreases from the upper dielectric slab 2 side to the rectangular microstrip line 321 side; one end of the rectangular microstrip line 321 is connected to the trapezoidal microstrip line 322, and the other end is connected to the radio frequency connector 7.
Preferably, the radio frequency connector 7 comprises two radio frequency connectors i 71 with the same structure, which are respectively located at the left edge and the right edge of the lower dielectric plate 4; the inner conductor of the radio frequency connector I71 is connected with the feed patch 3; the outer conductor of the radio frequency connector I71 is connected with the metal floor 6.
Preferably, in this embodiment, the metal shorting pin 5 includes a first shorting pin group and a second shorting pin group, the first shorting pin group includes two shorting pin groups 51 and 512, and the second shorting pin group includes 10 shorting pin groups 52 to 511; the number of the first short circuit nails in the first short circuit needle combination 51 and 512 is two, and the upper row of short circuit nails 51-1 and the lower row of short circuit nails 51-2 are distributed in an up-down symmetrical manner about the transverse axis of the lower dielectric slab 4; the shorting pin groups 51 and 512 are distributed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the lower dielectric plate 4.
Preferably, the number of the second shorting pins in each group of second shorting pin combinations is two, and each row of the second shorting pins is correspondingly arranged near the circular perforated radiation patch 11 (i.e. at a certain distance) one by one, wherein the shorting pin combinations 53, 55, 57, 59, and 511 are offset downward with respect to the horizontal axis of the lower dielectric plate 4; the shorting pin combinations 52, 54, 56, 58 and 510 are offset in an upward direction relative to a lateral axis of the lower dielectric plate 4.
Based on the design scheme, the scheme is further verified by a specific simulation experiment;
for example, fig. 5 is a graph of the amplitude of the S-parameter of the circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on the substrate integrated waveguide according to the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the antenna array of the present invention has | S in the frequency range of 9.18 to 9.70GHz 11 All are below-10 dB; at a center operating frequency of 9.41GHz, | S 11 And if the I is less than-20 dB, the marine radar antenna array has good input impedance matching performance.
For example, fig. 6 is a graph of axial ratio of the substrate integrated waveguide based circularly polarized marine radar antenna array according to the present invention with respect to frequency. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the antenna array of the present invention has an axial ratio less than 3dB in the frequency range of 9.29-9.53 GHz; at the central working frequency of 9.41GHz, the axial ratio is 0.47dB, which shows that the marine radar antenna array has good circular polarization characteristic.
For example, fig. 7 is a graph showing the gain of the circularly polarized ship radar antenna array according to the present invention based on the substrate integrated waveguide. As can be seen from FIG. 7, the antenna array of the present invention has a gain greater than 15dBi in the frequency range of 9.1-9.6 GHz; at the central working frequency of 9.41GHz, the gain is 16.3dBi, which shows that the marine radar antenna array has high gain and small change along with the frequency.
For example, fig. 8 is a horizontal gain directivity diagram of the ship antenna array based on the substrate integrated waveguide circularly polarized at the center operating frequency of 9.41GHz in accordance with the present invention. As can be seen from FIG. 8, the half-power lobe width of the antenna array of the present invention is 12 degrees, and the level of the side lobe is less than-19 dB, which shows that the marine radar antenna array of the present invention has good radiation performance.
For example, fig. 9 is a horizontal plane left/right hand circular polarization gain directivity diagram of the substrate integrated waveguide based circular polarization marine radar antenna array of the present invention at the center operating frequency of 9.41GHz. As can be seen from fig. 9, in the main lobe beam range, the right-hand circular polarization gain of the antenna array of the present invention is much larger than the left-hand circular polarization gain, which indicates that the antenna array of the marine radar of the present invention has good circular polarization characteristics.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguide, the radar antenna array comprising: the antenna comprises a radiation patch (1), an upper-layer dielectric plate (2), a feed patch (3), a lower-layer dielectric plate (4), a metal short-circuit pin (5), a metal floor (6) and a radio-frequency connector (7);
the radiation patch (1) is positioned on the upper surface of the upper-layer dielectric slab (2), the radiation patch (1) comprises 2n same circular perforated radiation patches (11), and n is an integer;
the feed patch (3) is positioned on the upper surface of the lower dielectric plate (4); the metal floor (6) is positioned on the lower surface of the lower medium plate (4);
the feed patch (3) comprises a rectangular slotted patch (31) and microstrip transition structures (32) which are oppositely arranged on two sides of the rectangular slotted patch (31); the rectangular slotted patch (31) has n rectangular slots (311), each rectangular slot (311) being disposed along a horizontal center line of the rectangular slotted patch (31); two sides of each rectangular gap (311) are respectively and symmetrically provided with a circular hole-opened radiation patch (11) so as to excite a group of circular hole-opened radiation patches (11) simultaneously;
the metal short-circuit pin (5) penetrates through the lower-layer dielectric plate (4) to connect the feed patch (3) with the metal floor (6);
the metal short circuit pin (5) comprises a first short circuit pin combination (51, 512) and a second short circuit pin combination (52-511); the number of the first short circuit pin combinations is two, the first short circuit pin combinations are respectively arranged at the edges of two sides of the lower-layer dielectric plate (4), and each group of the first short circuit pin combinations comprises two rows of first short circuit pins; the number of the second short circuit pin combinations is n, each group of the second short circuit pin combinations comprises two rows of second short circuit pins, and each row of the second short circuit pins is correspondingly arranged near the circular perforated radiation patch (11) one by one; any two rows of second short circuit nails positioned on the same side of the horizontal center line of the rectangular slotted patch (31) are not positioned on the same straight line;
the microstrip transition structure (32) comprises a rectangular microstrip line (321); one end of the rectangular microstrip line (321) is connected with the upper dielectric plate (2), and the other end of the rectangular microstrip line is connected with the radio frequency connector (7);
the radio frequency connector (7) comprises two radio frequency connectors I (71) with the same structure, and the two radio frequency connectors I (71) are respectively positioned at the left edge and the right edge of the lower dielectric slab (4);
the central working frequency of the radar antenna array is 9.41GHz.
2. The circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguide of claim 1, wherein the circular open-hole radiation patch (11) comprises a circular square-hole patch (111), a first square perturbation patch (112) and a second square perturbation patch (113), and the first square perturbation patch (112) and the second square perturbation patch (113) are arranged in the square hole of the circular square-hole patch (111) and the centers of the first square perturbation patch and the second square perturbation patch are located on the diagonal line of the square hole.
3. The circularly polarized ship radar antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguide of claim 1, wherein the microstrip transition structure (32) further comprises a trapezoidal microstrip line (322); the rectangular microstrip line (321) is connected with the upper-layer dielectric slab (2) through the trapezoid microstrip line (322), and the width of one end of the trapezoid microstrip line (322) gradually decreases from the upper-layer dielectric slab (2) side to the rectangular microstrip line (321) side.
4. The circularly polarized marine radar antenna array based on substrate integrated waveguides as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner conductor of said rf connector i (71) is connected to the feed patch (3); and the outer conductor of the radio frequency connector I (71) is connected with the metal floor (6).
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