CN112927463A - Pyrolysis particle electric fire monitoring device and method and distribution box - Google Patents
Pyrolysis particle electric fire monitoring device and method and distribution box Download PDFInfo
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- CN112927463A CN112927463A CN202110332534.4A CN202110332534A CN112927463A CN 112927463 A CN112927463 A CN 112927463A CN 202110332534 A CN202110332534 A CN 202110332534A CN 112927463 A CN112927463 A CN 112927463A
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02B1/00—Frameworks, boards, panels, desks, casings; Details of substations or switching arrangements
- H02B1/24—Circuit arrangements for boards or switchyards
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H5/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/22—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems; for switching devices
Abstract
The invention discloses a pyrolysis particle electric fire monitoring device, a pyrolysis particle electric fire monitoring method and a distribution box, wherein the method comprises the following steps: generating a laser beam of constant wavelength by a laser; splitting the laser beam into a reference laser beam and a test laser beam with equal light intensity; absorbing the test laser beam by pyrolytic particles and outputting a target laser beam; converting the reference laser beam into a first electrical signal; converting the target laser beam into a second electrical signal; dividing said first electrical signal by said second electrical signal to obtain a dimensionless value; and comparing the dimensionless value with a preset threshold value, judging whether fire hazard exists, and outputting a corresponding instruction if the fire hazard exists so as to control the generation of an alarm signal and cut off the input of a main circuit. The invention can find fire hazard in time, alarm in time and cut off the circuit, reduce life and property loss and improve the accuracy of detecting early electrical fire of a distribution box and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrical fire monitoring, in particular to a pyrolysis particle electrical fire monitoring device and method and a distribution box.
Background
With the improvement of living standard, the electricity consumption of residents is gradually increased, and the fire caused by electrical faults is the main cause of the electrical fire and accounts for 70 percent of the whole electrical fire. The inside of the distribution box is a closed space, and the number of components, joints and cables is large, so that electrical faults caused by short circuit, overload, overlarge contact resistance, fault electric arcs, electric leakage and the like are easy to occur, and important protection is needed.
The existing distribution box electrical fire monitoring equipment only detects residual current and temperature, and is difficult to detect early electrical fire, so that the detection technology of the electrical fire needs to be further improved.
At present, some pyrolytic particle detectors appear on the market, but most of the pyrolytic particle detectors adopt an electrochemical method, pyrolytic particles separated out by cable pyrolysis can chemically react with certain materials, so that whether an electrical fire occurs can be detected, but the method has certain defects, such as long chemical reaction time and easy interference of other gases, so that the response speed is slow, and the false alarm rate is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring device, a pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring method and a distribution box.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in one aspect, a pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring apparatus, comprising:
the laser driving module is used for outputting a current signal with constant magnitude;
the laser is connected with the laser driving module and used for emitting laser beams under the driving of the current signals;
the light splitting device is connected with the laser and is used for splitting the laser beam into a reference laser beam and a test laser beam with equal light intensity;
the first photoelectric detector is connected with the light splitting device and used for receiving the reference laser beam and converting the reference laser beam into a first electric signal;
the all-pass air chamber is connected with the light splitting device and used for receiving the test laser beam, and the test laser beam is absorbed by the pyrolysis particles in the all-pass air chamber and then outputs a target laser beam;
the second photoelectric detector is connected with the all-through air chamber and used for receiving the target laser beam and converting the target laser beam into a second electric signal;
the signal processing module is respectively connected with the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector and is used for outputting the first electric signal and the second electric signal after division processing;
the single chip microcomputer is connected with the signal processing module, judges whether fire hazard exists or not based on the output of the signal processing module, and outputs a corresponding instruction if the fire hazard exists;
the alarm module is connected with the singlechip and used for generating an alarm signal;
and the breaker module is connected with the singlechip and used for cutting off the input of the main circuit.
Preferably, the all-through air chamber comprises a first optical fiber switching frame, a first convex lens, a second convex lens and a second optical fiber switching frame which are arranged in sequence; the first optical fiber switching frame is connected with the test laser beam, and the target laser beam is output through the first convex lens, the second convex lens and the second optical fiber switching frame.
Preferably, the first optical fiber switching frame, the first convex lens, the second convex lens and the second optical fiber switching frame are sequentially fixed on the connecting piece; the connecting member includes a beam.
Preferably, the connecting piece comprises two or more than two.
Preferably, the central wavelength of the output light of the laser is 1742 nm; the light splitting device is a 1 x 2 beam splitter, and the splitting ratio is 1: 1, light emitted by a light source is uniformly divided into two beams, wherein one beam is a reference laser beam, and the other beam is a test laser beam.
Preferably, the signal processing module comprises a division circuit, a low-pass filter circuit and a signal amplification circuit which are connected in sequence; the signal amplification circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer.
Preferably, the pyrolytic particle electric fire monitoring device further comprises: a laser temperature control module; the laser temperature control module is connected with the singlechip and the laser respectively to control the internal temperature of the laser.
In a second aspect, a pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring method includes:
generating a laser beam of constant wavelength by a laser;
splitting the laser beam into a reference laser beam and a test laser beam with equal light intensity;
absorbing the test laser beam by pyrolytic particles and outputting a target laser beam;
converting the reference laser beam into a first electrical signal; converting the target laser beam into a second electrical signal;
dividing said first electrical signal by said second electrical signal to obtain a dimensionless value;
and comparing the dimensionless value with a preset threshold value, judging whether fire hazard exists, and if so, outputting a corresponding instruction, controlling to generate an alarm signal and cutting off the input of a main circuit.
The third aspect, a block terminal, including the block terminal body, still include pyrolysis particle electric fire monitoring devices: pyrolysis particle electric fire monitoring device sets up inside the block terminal body.
Preferably, the distribution box further comprises a display module and a distribution box temperature detection module; the display module is arranged on a front panel outside the distribution box; the distribution box temperature detection module is arranged inside the distribution box body; the distribution box temperature detection module is connected with the single chip microcomputer to send the detected real-time temperature inside the distribution box; the display module is connected with the single chip microcomputer to receive and display the real-time temperature in the distribution box.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention can detect the separation degree of pyrolytic particles in a closed space, and performs ratio normalization on a signal to be detected by means of a reference laser beam to obtain a dimensionless numerical value, thereby eliminating the influence of the change of the output power and wavelength of a laser on a gas detection result;
(2) the invention adopts the all-through air chamber, and utilizes two beams to connect the first optical fiber switching frame, the first convex lens, the second optical fiber switching frame, the second photoelectric detector and the like at the input end and the output end of the air chamber, so that pyrolysis particles in electric equipment such as a distribution box and the like can enter the air chamber to be detected to the greatest extent without obstruction;
(3) the two convex lenses are integrated in the full-through type air chamber, so that the absorption area of a laser beam is increased, the complexity of multiple light paths is avoided, and the accuracy of a detection result is improved;
(4) according to the all-through air chamber, the first optical fiber switching frame, the first convex lens, the second convex lens and the second optical fiber switching frame are fixedly connected through the two cross beams, so that the mechanical stability of the all-through air chamber is enhanced, the size of the whole set of device is reduced, and the all-through air chamber is easy to install.
The above description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are described below in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood and to make the description of the technical means more comprehensible.
The above and other objects, advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of specific embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-through plenum in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of a signal processing module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an installation position diagram of a circuit breaker module according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of a pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring method of an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a structure of an electrical fire monitoring apparatus including a pyrolytic particle in accordance with the present invention;
the method comprises the following steps of 1, a laser driving module; 2. a laser; 3. a light-splitting device; 4. a first photodetector; 5. a full through type air chamber; 51. a first fiber optic adapter frame; 52. a first convex lens; 53. a second convex lens; 54. a second fiber optic adapter rack; 55. a cross beam; 56. a schematic light ray; 6. a second photodetector; 7. a signal processing module; 71. a division circuit; 72. a low-pass filter circuit; 73. a signal amplification circuit; 8. a single chip microcomputer; 9. an alarm module; 10. a circuit breaker module; 11. a laser temperature control module; 12. a display module; 13. block terminal temperature detect module.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a pyrolytic particle electric fire monitoring apparatus, comprising:
the laser driving module 1 is used for outputting a current signal with constant magnitude;
the laser 2 is connected with the laser driving module 1 and used for emitting laser beams under the driving of the current signals;
the light splitting device 3 is connected with the laser 2 and is used for splitting the laser beam into a reference laser beam and a test laser beam with equal light intensity;
the first photoelectric detector 4 is connected with the light splitting device 3 and used for receiving the reference laser beam and converting the reference laser beam into a first electric signal;
the all-pass gas chamber 5 is connected with the light splitting device 3 and used for receiving the test laser beam, and the test laser beam is absorbed by the pyrolysis particles in the all-pass gas chamber 5 and then outputs a target laser beam;
the second photoelectric detector 6 is connected with the all-through gas chamber 5 and used for receiving the target laser beam and converting the target laser beam into a second electric signal;
the signal processing module 7 is connected with the first photodetector 4 and the second photodetector 6 respectively, and is configured to output the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal after division processing;
the single chip microcomputer 8 is connected with the signal processing module 7, judges whether fire hazard exists or not based on the output of the signal processing module 7, and outputs a corresponding instruction if the fire hazard exists;
the alarm module 9 is connected with the singlechip 8 and used for generating an alarm signal;
and the breaker module 10 is connected with the singlechip 8 and used for cutting off the input of a main circuit.
Specifically, the laser driving module 1 is configured to output a current signal with a constant magnitude and power, and is equivalent to a constant current source, and is capable of controlling the laser 2 to emit a laser beam. The specific implementation of the laser driving module 1 can refer to the existing laser 2 driving circuit, and the invention is not particularly limited.
The light splitting device 3 is respectively connected with the first photoelectric detector 4 and the full-through air chamber 5 through optical fibers.
In this embodiment, the central wavelength of the output light of the laser 2 is 1742nm, which is the maximum absorption wavelength of the pyrolyzed particle HCL gas.
Further, the light splitting device 3 is a 1 × 2 beam splitter, and the splitting ratio is 1: 1, light emitted by a light source is uniformly divided into two beams, wherein one beam is a reference laser beam, and the other beam is a test laser beam.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 2, the all-through air chamber 5 includes a first optical fiber adapter 51, a first convex lens 52, a second convex lens 53, and a second optical fiber adapter 54, which are sequentially disposed; the first optical fiber adapter 51 is connected to the test laser beam, and outputs a target laser beam through the first convex lens 52, the second convex lens 53, and the second optical fiber adapter 54.
Specifically, the first optical fiber adapter frame 51, the first convex lens 52, the second convex lens 53 and the second optical fiber adapter frame 54 are sequentially fixed on the connecting piece; the connecting member comprises a cross member 55.
In this embodiment, the number of the cross beams 55 is two. The all-through gas chamber 5 adopts two beams 55 to connect the first fiber transfer frame 51 at the input end, the first convex lens 52, the second convex lens 53 and the second fiber transfer frame 54 at the output end, so that the pyrolysis particles can enter the gas chamber to be detected to the maximum extent without obstruction.
Further, the first convex lens 52 and the second convex lens 53 are installed in the all-through air chamber 5, the first convex lens 52 disperses the light rays input into the all-through air chamber 5 into parallel light rays, the second convex lens 53 converges the parallel light rays output by the first convex lens 52 into a bundle of light rays for outputting, specifically referring to the schematic light rays 56 in fig. 2, the installation method of the first convex lens 52 and the second convex lens 53 can disperse the light beams to increase the absorption area of the pyrolytic particles, so that the measurement result is faster and more accurate.
Further, the first fiber adapter frame 51 and the second fiber adapter frame 54 may be aluminum disks, a hole is formed in the center of each disk, a fiber connector may be disposed in the hole, and the input end may be connected to the optical fiber connected to the optical splitter through the fiber connector. The second photodetector may be disposed outside of the second fiber optic adapter frame 54.
Referring to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the signal processing module 7 includes a division circuit 71, a low-pass filter circuit 72, and a signal amplification circuit 73, which are connected in sequence; the signal amplifying circuit 73 is connected with the single chip microcomputer 8.
It should be noted that the division circuit 71, the low-pass filter circuit 72, and the signal amplification circuit 73 can all be implemented by the prior art, and this embodiment is not particularly limited. In the division circuit 71, the first electrical signal may be the second electrical signal, or the second electrical signal may be the first electrical signal, and the setting is specifically performed as required, and only the corresponding preset threshold needs to be adjusted in the single chip microcomputer 8.
In this embodiment, the pyrolysis particle electric fire monitoring device further includes: a laser temperature control module 11; the laser temperature control module 11 is connected with the singlechip 8 and the laser 2 respectively to control the internal temperature of the laser 2, so that the stability of the output wavelength is ensured.
Specifically, the laser temperature control module 11 of this embodiment includes a thermistor and a TEC (semiconductor cooler). The laser 2 is integrated with a thermistor and a TEC (semiconductor cooler), or the laser 2 is internally provided with the thermistor and the TEC (semiconductor cooler), the thermistor can collect the temperature in the laser 2 and send the temperature to the single chip microcomputer 8, and the single chip microcomputer 8 controls the TEC to adjust the temperature according to the fed back temperature.
In this embodiment, the single chip microcomputer 8 includes or is connected with a plurality of digital-to-analog converters, when the single chip microcomputer 8 operates, the signal processing module 7 transmits data monitored in real time to the digital-to-analog converters, the data is transmitted to the single chip microcomputer 8 after digital-to-analog conversion, and if the single chip microcomputer 8 finds that signals are abnormal, an instruction is immediately sent to the alarm module 9 and the circuit breaker module 10; if an instruction sent by the singlechip 8 is received, the alarm module 9 starts an audible and visual alarm to give an alarm so that a worker can arrive in time, and the breaker module 10 cuts off a main electrical input circuit (shown in fig. 4), so that terminal equipment and lines are protected from being influenced.
In summary, in the pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring apparatus of this embodiment, if no pyrolytic particles are precipitated in the electrical device to be tested (such as a distribution box), the test laser beam passes through the all-pass gas chamber 5 and is not absorbed, so that the electrical signals output by the first photodetector 4 and the second photodetector 6 are equal and are approximately equal, and the single chip microcomputer 8 does not control the alarm module 9 and the circuit breaker module 10 to operate; if the pyrolysis particles precipitated in the electrical equipment to be tested (such as a distribution box) are not many, the test laser beam is only slightly absorbed after passing through the all-pass gas chamber 5, the electric signals output by the first photoelectric detector 4 and the second photoelectric detector 6 are subjected to division operation and then do not reach the preset threshold value of the singlechip 8, and the singlechip 8 cannot control the alarm module 9 and the breaker module 10 to act; if the pyrolysis particles precipitated in the electrical equipment to be tested (such as a distribution box) are more, the test laser beam only can be absorbed in a large amount after passing through the all-pass air chamber 5, and when the electric signals output by the first photoelectric detector 4 and the second photoelectric detector 6 reach the preset threshold value of the single chip microcomputer 8 after division operation, the single chip microcomputer 8 can control the alarm module 9 and the circuit breaker module 10 to act.
Referring to fig. 5, the invention provides a pyrolytic particle electric fire monitoring method, comprising:
s501, generating a laser beam with a constant wavelength through a laser;
s502, splitting the laser beam into a reference laser beam and a test laser beam with equal light intensity;
s503, absorbing the test laser beam by pyrolytic particles and outputting a target laser beam;
s504, converting the reference laser beam into a first electric signal; converting the target laser beam into a second electrical signal;
s505, performing division operation on the first electric signal and the second electric signal to obtain a dimensionless value;
s506, comparing the dimensionless value with a preset threshold value, judging whether fire hazard exists, and if yes, outputting a corresponding instruction, controlling to generate an alarm signal and cutting off the input of a main circuit.
In this embodiment, a method for monitoring an electrical fire by pyrolysis particles includes:
generating a laser beam of constant wavelength by a laser 2;
splitting the laser beam into a reference laser beam and a test laser beam with equal light intensity by a light splitting device 3;
absorbing the test laser beam by pyrolysis particles through a full-through gas chamber 5 and outputting a target laser beam;
converting the reference laser beam into a first electrical signal by means of a first photodetector 4; converting the target laser beam into a second electrical signal by a second photodetector 6;
performing a division operation on the first electrical signal and the second electrical signal through a signal processing module 7 to obtain a dimensionless value;
and comparing the dimensionless value with a preset threshold value through the singlechip 8, judging whether fire hazard exists, and if so, outputting a corresponding instruction, controlling the alarm module 9 to generate an alarm signal and controlling the breaker module 10 to cut off the input of the main circuit.
Further, the distribution box comprises a distribution box body and further comprises the pyrolytic particle electric fire monitoring device: pyrolysis particle electric fire monitoring device sets up inside the block terminal body.
Referring to fig. 6, the distribution box further includes a display module 12 and a distribution box temperature detection module 13; the display module 12 is arranged on the front panel outside the distribution box; the distribution box temperature detection module 13 is arranged inside the distribution box body; the distribution box temperature detection module 13 is connected with the single chip microcomputer 8 to send the detected real-time temperature inside the distribution box; the display module 12 is connected with the singlechip 8 so as to receive the real-time temperature inside the distribution box and display the real-time temperature, so that a worker can quickly know the real-time temperature condition inside the fault distribution box and fight fire at the first time. The distribution box temperature detection module 13 includes a temperature sensor.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by using the design concept should fall within the scope of infringing the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring apparatus, comprising:
the laser driving module is used for outputting a current signal with constant magnitude;
the laser is connected with the laser driving module and used for emitting laser beams under the driving of the current signals;
the light splitting device is connected with the laser and is used for splitting the laser beam into a reference laser beam and a test laser beam with equal light intensity;
the first photoelectric detector is connected with the light splitting device and used for receiving the reference laser beam and converting the reference laser beam into a first electric signal;
the all-pass air chamber is connected with the light splitting device and used for receiving the test laser beam, and the test laser beam is absorbed by the pyrolysis particles in the all-pass air chamber and then outputs a target laser beam;
the second photoelectric detector is connected with the all-through air chamber and used for receiving the target laser beam and converting the target laser beam into a second electric signal;
the signal processing module is respectively connected with the first photoelectric detector and the second photoelectric detector and is used for outputting the first electric signal and the second electric signal after division processing;
the single chip microcomputer is connected with the signal processing module, judges whether fire hazard exists or not based on the output of the signal processing module, and outputs a corresponding instruction if the fire hazard exists;
the alarm module is connected with the singlechip and used for generating an alarm signal;
and the breaker module is connected with the singlechip and used for cutting off the input of the main circuit.
2. The pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring device of claim 1, wherein the all-through gas chamber comprises a first optical fiber adapter rack, a first convex lens, a second convex lens and a second optical fiber adapter rack arranged in sequence; the first optical fiber switching frame is connected with the test laser beam, and the target laser beam is output through the first convex lens, the second convex lens and the second optical fiber switching frame.
3. The pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring device of claim 2, wherein the first optical fiber adapter frame, the first convex lens, the second convex lens and the second optical fiber adapter frame are fixed on a connector in sequence; the connecting member includes a beam.
4. A pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein the connector comprises two or more.
5. A pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the central wavelength of the laser output light is 1742 nm; the light splitting device is a 1 x 2 beam splitter, and the splitting ratio is 1: 1, light emitted by a light source is uniformly divided into two beams, wherein one beam is a reference laser beam, and the other beam is a test laser beam.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the signal processing module comprises a division circuit, a low-pass filter circuit and a signal amplification circuit which are connected in sequence; the signal amplification circuit is connected with the single chip microcomputer.
7. A pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring apparatus as claimed in claim 1 further comprising: a laser temperature control module; the laser temperature control module is connected with the singlechip and the laser respectively to control the internal temperature of the laser.
8. A method for monitoring pyrolytic particle electrical fires, comprising:
generating a laser beam of constant wavelength by a laser;
splitting the laser beam into a reference laser beam and a test laser beam with equal light intensity;
absorbing the test laser beam by pyrolytic particles and outputting a target laser beam;
converting the reference laser beam into a first electrical signal; converting the target laser beam into a second electrical signal;
dividing said first electrical signal by said second electrical signal to obtain a dimensionless value;
and comparing the dimensionless value with a preset threshold value, judging whether fire hazard exists, and if so, outputting a corresponding instruction, controlling to generate an alarm signal and cutting off the input of a main circuit.
9. An electrical distribution box comprising an electrical distribution box body, further comprising the pyrolytic particle electrical fire monitoring apparatus of any one of claims 1-8: pyrolysis particle electric fire monitoring device sets up inside the block terminal body.
10. The electrical box of claim 9, further comprising a display module and a box temperature detection module; the display module is arranged on a front panel outside the distribution box; the distribution box temperature detection module is arranged inside the distribution box body; the distribution box temperature detection module is connected with the single chip microcomputer to send the detected real-time temperature inside the distribution box; the display module is connected with the single chip microcomputer to receive and display the real-time temperature in the distribution box.
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