CN112927094A - Waste product remanufacturing decision model based on economic, environmental and social benefits - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a waste product remanufacturing decision model based on economic, environmental and social benefits, and relates to the technical field of waste product recycling and manufacturing. The waste product remanufacturing decision model based on economic, environmental and social benefits comprises economic benefit analysis considering remanufacturing product selling price and remanufacturing cost; environmental benefit analysis considering resource consumption and waste discharge; social benefit analysis considering social acceptance and performance reliability of remanufactured products. The method has the advantages that the interference of human factors is reduced to a great extent, the precision of the decision model is improved, the dependence of the remanufacturing process on historical remanufacturing data is reduced, the generalization capability of the decision model is improved to a great extent, the decision of a remanufacturing strategy of the waste product with high remanufacturability is solved, and the method has the great characteristic of providing a good solution for the remanufacturing problem of the waste product without or with low remanufacturability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste product recovery and manufacture, in particular to a waste product remanufacturing decision model based on economic, environmental and social benefits.
Background
In recent years, with the increasingly rapid social industrialization process, the manufacturing industry is rapidly developed and transformed and upgraded, and simultaneously, huge resource waste and environmental pollution are caused. With the exhaustion of non-renewable energy and further deepening of environmental pollution, the strategy of sustainable development of energy conservation and emission reduction is concerned by more and more governments and scholars. The remanufacturing is one of the best modes for the final treatment of the waste products, the waste products are taken as remanufacturing objects, and the performance of the waste products is recovered or upgraded by the existing remanufacturing technology. Remanufacturing fully excavates the residual value of the waste product while prolonging the life cycle of the waste product, and better realizes the maximization of the economic, environmental and social benefits. In the research of remanufacturing waste products, numerous scholars at home and abroad carry out a great deal of research.
Currently, research on remanufacturing mainly aims at remanufacturability evaluation and process strategy selection of waste products or parts with high remanufacturability. In fact, due to the fact that the remanufacturing concept of the product is lacked in the initial design stage and the complex diversity of the actual working conditions and the working environment of the product, a large amount of waste products cannot be remanufactured or the remanufacturing performance is low. However, such products are often overlooked by remanufacturing enterprises. Therefore, there is less research on the decision-making problem of the remanufacturing strategy of the waste product with low remanufacturability. The product is assembled from a plurality of parts, and the low scrap or remanufacturability of the product does not mean that all parts cannot be reused or remanufactured. For example, when the remanufacturing of the entire machine is impossible or the performance is improved, the remanufacturing of parts is performed on a waste product having low remanufacturability. The remanufacturing of the parts can not only furthest explore the residual value of waste products, but also effectively reduce energy consumption and environmental pollution caused by excessive disassembly and processing to a certain extent. Moreover, unreasonable remanufacturing strategies can cause immeasurable losses to businesses and society. Therefore, the choice of remanufacturing strategy is critical.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a waste product remanufacturing decision model based on economic, environmental and social benefits, and solves the problem that waste products with low remanufacturing performance cannot be reasonably recycled.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the waste product remanufacturing decision model based on economic, environmental and social benefits comprises the following steps:
step one, economic benefit analysis: under the existing remanufacturing technical condition, different remanufacturing strategies of the recycled product are analyzed for economic benefit, firstly, the recycled product is subjected to failure detection and simulation repair, starting from two aspects of income and remanufacturing cost after remanufacturing is finished, the economic benefit of the remanufacturing process is analyzed, and the remanufacturing cost comprises the remanufacturing cost c1And a technical cost c2Labor cost c3And other costs c4(ii) a Remanufacturing yield X1Representing a difference between a sales price of the remanufactured product and a remanufacturing cost;
step two, analyzing environmental benefits: remanufacturing is an effective way to explore the residual value of waste products, but the problems of resource consumption and waste emission also exist in the manufacturing process, and the resource loss is converted into standard carbon CO after combustion2So as to evaluate the environmental benefit;
step three, social benefit analysis: social acceptance and performance reliability of the remanufactured product or part are analyzed in a questionnaire mode, so that social benefits of the remanufactured product or part are evaluated;
analyzing by an entropy weight method: due to lack of historical remanufacturing data and imperfect remanufacturing technology, the precision of the decision model is not high, an entropy weight method is adopted in the model to weight evaluation indexes, the entropy weight method highlights the strong advantages of the evaluation indexes under the condition of lack of historical data support, the weight coefficient is not influenced by subjective factors and is only related to data, and the objectivity and generalization capability of the decision model are enhanced to a certain extent;
step five, solving the comprehensive benefits: and respectively solving the comprehensive benefits of different remanufacturing strategies according to the economic, environmental and social benefit data of the different remanufacturing strategies by combining the weight coefficients obtained by analysis of the entropy weight method.
Preferably, the economic benefit analysis is mainly for the remanufacturing activity of the remanufacturing enterprise to achieve profit, before remanufacturing the waste product, it is necessary from the economic benefit point of view to consider whether remanufacturing is necessary, and the remanufacturing benefit may be expressed as a difference between a selling price of the remanufactured product and a remanufacturing cost, and may be specifically expressed by the following formula:
X1＝e-c1-c2-c3-c4
in the above formula X1Representing the remanufacturing income of waste products; e represents a remanufactured product or part selling price; c. C1、c2、c3、c4Respectively representing the recycling cost, the technical cost, the labor cost and other costs of waste products or parts, wherein the other costs comprise the green environment-friendly processing cost, the tax rate and the purchasing cost of new parts during the remanufacturing of the whole machine.
The remanufacturing takes waste products or parts as blanks, and the quality and the recovery cost of recovered parts are influenced to a great extent due to the diversity of the working environment and the failure state of the waste products, c1The recycling cost of similar old and useless products of accessible expert's valuation and history is confirmed, and the refabrication process is to carrying out structure optimization and performance recovery's process to old and useless product or spare part, and the refabrication process specifically can divide into: recycling, disassembling, cleaning, detecting and classifying, remanufacturing and processing, remanufacturing equipment, debugging and packaging. Wherein, the remanufacturing technology is needed to be used for disassembling, cleaning, detecting and classifying, remanufacturing and processing, remanufacturing equipment and debugging, and the technical cost c2The used equipment and the use time thereof are adopted to express that:
in the above formula c2Represents a remanufacturing technology cost; t is tiAnd TiRespectively showing the actual service time and the rated service life of equipment required by the process i in the remanufacturing process; p is a radical ofiThe purchase price of the main equipment required by the corresponding procedure i. C is mentioned3Specifically, the remanufacturing is a system engineering, and not only comprises a remanufacturing process, but also comprises a specific transportation and management process. Based on the above analysis, the remanufacturing process was completedRequiring human operation, labor costs during the entire remanufacturing process3Represents:
in the above formula c3The labor cost of the whole remanufacturing process of the waste products is shown; t is tjRepresents the time of manual work in remanufacturing process j; lambda [ alpha ]jShow the reward of staff in unit operating time, because every process requires differently to the labourer, gained reward also has a difference, and mechanical product lacks the refabrication theory in initial stage design, leads to scrapping in a large number the product and can't refabricate, carries out green to the part that can't carry out refabrication and handles, produces environmental protection processing cost c41Material consumption, energy consumption and pollutant emission cost c in the remanufacturing process42When the complete machine is remanufactured, a new part purchasing cost is generated
c43：
c4＝c41+c42+c43
Preferably, the environmental benefit analysis is embodied in that the environmental benefit evaluation index is X2Represents the standard CO representing the energy consumed in the remanufacturing process2Emission and CO in the production of new products2The ratio of the amount of the discharged water,
ERprepresenting the waste product remanufacturing process CO2Discharge capacity; eNpIndicating CO in the production of a new product2The discharge amount of (c); mu.siConversion of energy i into CO2A conversion factor of emissions; e.g. of the typeRpi、eNpiRespectively representing the usage amount of i-type energy in the remanufacturing process of waste products and the manufacturing process of new products of the same type, wherein the energy consumption in the manufacturing and remanufacturing processes of the new products is converted into a standard coal form, which is concretely shown as follows:
in the above formula eRpiRepresenting the total use amount of energy used in the remanufacturing process of waste products; beta is aiRepresenting a conversion factor for converting the i-th energy into standard coal; a. theiThe method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) representing the usage amount of the i-th energy source in the process of manufacturing new products or remanufacturing waste products. Similarly, the total energy consumption e in the manufacturing process of new productsNpiAnd may be similarly represented.
Preferably, the social benefit analysis is embodied as: social benefit evaluation index X3Social acceptance including remanufactured product S1And degree of performance reliability S2Evaluation was carried out:
X3＝S1×γ1+S2×γ2
in the above formula S1Representing social recognition questionnaires statistics of the spent remanufactured product socially, S2Representing a coefficient of performance reliability of the remanufactured product; gamma ray1、γ2Represents a weight coefficient whose size can be determined by Delphi or analytic hierarchy method, and gamma1+γ2＝1。
Social recognition degree S1The social acceptance degree refers to the satisfaction degree and the use degree of the waste remanufactured products or parts in the society or remanufacturing factories, in order to reduce the subjective and random influence of survey data, the same amount of different contact crowds are selected in the survey for questionnaire evaluation, and the evaluation result is S1Represents:
in the above formula, M represents the total number of persons who receive the questionnaire; giIndicating acceptance of a questionnaire on a rating of satisfaction with the remanufactured product or part, higher rating indicating satisfaction or use, gi∈[0，1]Degree of reliability of performance S2Is a qualitative evaluation index for evaluating the functional integrity of a remanufactured product or part
S21Stability of operation S22And convenience of operation S23And safe reliability S24The average of the evaluation results indicates:
6. preferably, the entropy weight analysis is specifically embodied as calculating the weight of each decision index by using the entropy weight analysis, the entropy is an index for measuring the disorder degree of the system, the weight value of the entropy weight is determined by the data, and is not interfered by external factors such as subjective factors, and the specific selection steps are as follows:
a. a remanufacturing strategy decision matrix, wherein a remanufacturing object is a waste product without or with lower remanufacturing performance, and in order to furthest explore the residual value of the waste product and realize the maximization of comprehensive benefits, the remanufacturing strategy of the whole machine and the remanufacturing strategy of parts are comprehensively evaluated on the basis of considering economic, environmental and social benefits, and the decision matrix is as follows:
in the above formula, U represents the comprehensive decision result, L1、L2Respectively showing the remanufacturing strategy of the whole machine and the remanufacturing strategy of the part, wherein XijRepresenting the j evaluation index value in the i decision;
b. normalizing the decision matrix: in the multi-objective decision problem, there are many influencing factors, and since the meaning and property of the index factor may be different, it is necessary to perform appropriate preprocessing on the index before decision making, and the corresponding index is processed by using a fuzzy vector normalization method and represented by Y, which is specifically as follows:
c. and (3) calculating a weight coefficient: in order to reduce the influence of subjective factors and data randomness on decision results, it is necessary to perform weighting processing on each index, and the traditional weighting methods include a delphi method (expert consultation method), a sequence relation analysis method, a statistical method, a principal component analysis method and the like, and because of the lack of support of historical data in model design, the weight coefficient of the decision model is obtained by an entropy weight method, which is provided with a schemes, and each scheme has b evaluation indexes, the decision entropy can be expressed as:
in the above formula HjRepresents an entropy value of the decision, wherein
1, 2,. a; j ═ 1, 2,. b; the entropy weight w of each evaluation index is represented by the following formula:
d. and (3) remanufacturing strategy decision making: a remanufacturing strategy decision model is provided in consideration of economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits of remanufacturing, the remanufacturing problem that a remanufacturable product is low in remanufacturability or does not have the remanufacturability is solved, the resource utilization rate is improved to the maximum extent, the environmental pollution is reduced, an entropy weight method is used for carrying out remanufacturing weight proportion on evaluation parameters in a multi-target evaluation system, and finally an evaluation index of a remanufacturing scheme decision is obtained, wherein the evaluation index is shown as the following formula:
U＝α1×X1+α2×X2+α3×X3
in the above formula, X1、X2、X3Respectively representing evaluation indexes of economic, environmental and social benefits of remanufacturing; alpha is alpha1、α2、α3Is the entropy weight of the corresponding index. Suppose U1、U2Respectively representing the comprehensive decision-making benefits of the whole machine remanufacturing and the part remanufacturing of the waste products, and when the evaluation result is
When in use, the remanufacturing of parts is selected; when the evaluation result is
When in use, the whole machine should be selected for remanufacturing.
(III) advantageous effects
The invention provides a waste product remanufacturing decision model based on economic, environmental and social benefits. The method has the following beneficial effects:
the invention mainly analyzes and evaluates the economic, environmental and social benefits of the remanufacturing of the whole machine of the waste product and the remanufacturing of parts under the existing remanufacturing technical conditions, and adopts an entropy weight method to perform weighting processing on evaluation indexes in order to reduce the influence of subjective factors and random fluctuation of data in the decision making process. Secondly, compared with the existing remanufacturing scheme decision-making research, the model provided by the invention not only solves the decision-making of the remanufacturing strategy of the waste product with high remanufacturing performance, but also has the great characteristic of providing a good solution for the remanufacturing problem of the waste product without remanufacturing performance or with low remanufacturing performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a decision flow diagram of a remanufacturing strategy of a waste product remanufacturing decision model based on economic, environmental and social benefits according to the invention;
fig. 2 is a comprehensive benefit evaluation model diagram of a remanufacturing strategy remanufacturing decision model of waste products based on economic, environmental and social benefits.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example (b):
as shown in fig. 1-2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a waste product remanufacturing decision model based on economic, environmental and social benefits, including the following steps:
step one, economic benefit analysis: under the existing remanufacturing technical condition, different remanufacturing strategies of the recycled product are analyzed for economic benefit, firstly, the recycled product is subjected to failure detection and simulation repair, starting from two aspects of income and remanufacturing cost after remanufacturing is finished, the economic benefit of the remanufacturing process is analyzed, and the remanufacturing cost comprises the remanufacturing cost c1And a technical cost c2Labor cost c3And other costs c4(ii) a Remanufacturing yield X1Representing a difference between a sales price of the remanufactured product and a remanufacturing cost;
step two, analyzing environmental benefits: remanufacturing is an effective way to explore the residual value of waste products, but the problems of resource consumption and waste emission also exist in the manufacturing process, and the resource loss is converted into standard carbon CO after combustion2So as to evaluate the environmental benefit;
step three, social benefit analysis: social acceptance and performance reliability of the remanufactured product or the part are analyzed in a questionnaire mode, so that social benefits of the remanufactured product or the part are evaluated;
analyzing by an entropy weight method: due to lack of historical remanufacturing data and imperfect remanufacturing technology, the precision of the decision model is not high, an entropy weight method is adopted in the model to weight evaluation indexes, the entropy weight method highlights the strong advantages of the evaluation indexes under the condition of lack of historical data support, the weight coefficient is not influenced by subjective factors and is only related to data, and the objectivity and generalization capability of the decision model are enhanced to a certain extent;
step five, solving the comprehensive benefits: and respectively solving the comprehensive benefits of different remanufacturing strategies according to the economic, environmental and social benefit data of the different remanufacturing strategies by combining the weight coefficients obtained by analysis of the entropy weight method.
Economic benefits analysis remanufacturing activities for remanufacturing enterprises are mainly aimed at profitability, before remanufacturing waste products, it is necessary from the economic benefits point of view to consider whether remanufacturing is necessary, and remanufacturing profit can be expressed as a difference between a sales price of the remanufactured products and remanufacturing cost, and can be specifically expressed by the following formula:
X1＝e-c1-c2-c3-c4
in the above formula X1Representing the remanufacturing income of waste products; e represents a remanufactured product or part selling price; c. C1、c2、c3、c4Respectively representing the recycling cost, the technical cost, the labor cost and other costs of waste products or parts, wherein the other costs comprise the green environment-friendly processing cost, the tax rate and the purchasing cost of new parts during the remanufacturing of the whole machine.
The remanufacturing takes waste products or parts as blanks, and the quality and the recovery cost of recovered parts are influenced to a great extent due to the diversity of the working environment and the failure state of the waste products, c1The recycling cost of similar old and useless products of accessible expert's valuation and history is confirmed, and the refabrication process is to carrying out structure optimization and performance recovery's process to old and useless product or spare part, and the refabrication process specifically can divide into: recycling, disassembling, cleaning, detecting and classifying, remanufacturing and processing, remanufacturing equipment, debugging and packaging. Wherein, the remanufacturing technology is needed to be used for disassembling, cleaning, detecting and classifying, remanufacturing and processing, remanufacturing equipment and debugging, and the technical cost c2The used equipment and the use time thereof are adopted to express that:
in the above formula c2Represents a remanufacturing technology cost; t is tiAnd TiRespectively showing the actual service time and the rated service life of equipment required by the process i in the remanufacturing process; p is a radical ofiPurchase price of main equipment required for corresponding process i, c3Specifically, the remanufacturing is a system engineering, and not only comprises a remanufacturing process, but also comprises a specific transportation and management process. According to the analysis, the whole remanufacturing process needs personnel operation, and the labor cost is used for c in the whole remanufacturing process3Represents:
in the above formula c3The labor cost of the whole remanufacturing process of the waste products is shown; t is tjRepresents the time of manual work in remanufacturing process j; lambda [ alpha ]jShow the reward of staff in unit operating time, because every process requires differently to the labourer, gained reward also has a difference, and mechanical product lacks the refabrication theory in initial stage design, leads to scrapping in a large number the product and can't refabricate, carries out green to the part that can't carry out refabrication and handles, produces environmental protection processing cost c41Material consumption, energy consumption and pollutant emission cost c in the remanufacturing process42When the complete machine is remanufactured, a new part purchasing cost c is generated43：
c4＝c41+c42+c43。
The environmental benefit analysis is embodied in that the environmental benefit evaluation index is X2Represents the standard CO representing the energy consumed in the remanufacturing process2Emission and CO in the production of new products2The ratio of emissions is as follows:
ERprepresenting the waste product remanufacturing process CO2Discharge capacity; eNpIndicating CO in the production of a new product2The discharge amount of (c); mu.siConversion of energy i into CO2A conversion factor of emissions; e.g. of the typeRpi、eNpiRespectively representing the usage amount of i-type energy in the remanufacturing process of waste products and the manufacturing process of new products of the same type, wherein the energy consumption in the manufacturing and remanufacturing processes of the new products is converted into a standard coal form, which is concretely shown as follows:
in the above formula eRpiRepresenting the total use amount of energy used in the remanufacturing process of waste products; beta is aiRepresenting a conversion factor for converting the i-th energy into standard coal; a. theiThe method is characterized by comprising the following steps of (1) representing the usage amount of the i-th energy source in the process of manufacturing new products or remanufacturing waste products. Similarly, the total energy consumption e in the manufacturing process of new productsNpiAnd may be similarly represented.
The social benefit analysis is embodied as follows: social benefit evaluation index X3Social acceptance including remanufactured product S1And degree of performance reliability S2Evaluation was carried out:
X3＝S1×γ1+S2×γ2
in the above formula S1Representing social recognition questionnaires statistics of the spent remanufactured product socially, S2Representing a coefficient of performance reliability of the remanufactured product; gamma ray1、γ2Represents a weight coefficient whose size can be determined by Delphi or analytic hierarchy method, and gamma1+γ2＝1。
Social recognition degree S1The social acceptance degree refers to the satisfaction degree and the use degree of the waste remanufactured products or parts in the society or remanufacturing factories, and the waste remanufactured products or parts are selected in investigation in order to reduce the influence of subjectivity and randomness of investigation dataPerforming questionnaire evaluation on different contact people with equal amount, and using S as evaluation result1Represents:
in the above formula, M represents the total number of persons who receive the questionnaire; giIndicating acceptance of a questionnaire on a rating of satisfaction with the remanufactured product or part, higher rating indicating satisfaction or use, gi∈[0，1]. Degree of reliability of performance S2Is a qualitative evaluation index for evaluating the functional integrity of a remanufactured product or part
S21Stability of operation S22And convenience of operation S23And safe reliability S24The average of the evaluation results indicates:
the entropy weight method analysis is specifically embodied by adopting the entropy weight method to analyze and calculate the weight of each decision index, wherein the entropy is an index for measuring the disorder degree of the system, the weight value of the entropy weight is determined by data, and is not interfered by external factors such as subjective factors, and the specific selection steps are as follows:
a. a remanufacturing strategy decision matrix, wherein a remanufacturing object is a waste product without or with lower remanufacturing performance, and in order to furthest explore the residual value of the waste product and realize the maximization of comprehensive benefits, the remanufacturing strategy of the whole machine and the remanufacturing strategy of parts are comprehensively evaluated on the basis of considering economic, environmental and social benefits, and the decision matrix is as follows:
in the above formula, U represents the comprehensive decision result, L1、L2Respectively showing the remanufacturing strategy of the whole machine and the remanufacturing strategy of the part, wherein XijRepresenting the jth score in the ith decisionA valence indicator value;
b. normalizing the decision matrix: in the multi-objective decision problem, there are many influencing factors, and since the meaning and property of the index factor may be different, it is necessary to perform appropriate preprocessing on the index before decision making, and the corresponding index is processed by using a fuzzy vector normalization method and represented by Y, which is specifically as follows:
c. and (3) calculating a weight coefficient: in order to reduce the influence of subjective factors and data randomness on decision results, it is necessary to perform weighting processing on each index, and the traditional weighting methods include a delphi method (expert consultation method), a sequence relation analysis method, a statistical method, a principal component analysis method and the like, because of the lack of support of historical data in model design, the weight coefficient of a decision model is obtained by an entropy weight method, and b evaluation indexes in each scheme are set for a schemes, so the decision entropy can be expressed as:
in the above formula HjRepresents an entropy value of the decision, wherein
1, 2,. a; j ═ 1, 2,. b; the entropy weight w of each evaluation index is represented by the following formula:
d. and (3) remanufacturing strategy decision making: a remanufacturing strategy decision model is provided in consideration of economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits of remanufacturing, the remanufacturing problem that a remanufacturable product is low in remanufacturability or does not have the remanufacturability is solved, the resource utilization rate is improved to the maximum extent, the environmental pollution is reduced, an entropy weight method is used for carrying out remanufacturing weight proportion on evaluation parameters in a multi-target evaluation system, and finally an evaluation index of a remanufacturing scheme decision is obtained, wherein the evaluation index is shown as the following formula:
U＝α1×X1+α2×X2+α3×X3
in the above formula, X1、X2、X3Respectively representing evaluation indexes of economic, environmental and social benefits of remanufacturing; alpha is alpha1、α2、α3Is the entropy weight of the corresponding index. Suppose U1、U2Respectively representing the comprehensive decision-making benefits of the whole machine remanufacturing and the part remanufacturing of the waste products, and when the evaluation result is
When in use, the remanufacturing of parts is selected; when the evaluation result is
When in use, the whole machine should be selected for remanufacturing.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (5)
1. The waste product remanufacturing decision model based on economic, environmental and social benefits is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, economic benefit analysis: under the existing remanufacturing technical condition, different remanufacturing strategies of the recycled product are analyzed for economic benefit, firstly, the recycled product is subjected to failure detection and simulation repair, starting from two aspects of income and remanufacturing cost after remanufacturing is finished, the economic benefit of the remanufacturing process is analyzed, and the remanufacturing cost comprises the remanufacturing cost c1And a technical cost c2Labor cost c3And other costs c4(ii) a Remanufacturing yield X1To representA difference between a remanufactured product selling price and a remanufacturing cost;
step two, analyzing environmental benefits: remanufacturing is an effective way to explore the residual value of waste products, but the problems of resource consumption and waste emission also exist in the manufacturing process, and the resource loss is converted into standard carbon CO after combustion2So as to evaluate the environmental benefit;
step three, social benefit analysis: social acceptance and performance reliability of the remanufactured product or part are analyzed in a questionnaire mode, so that social benefits of the remanufactured product or part are evaluated;
analyzing by an entropy weight method: due to lack of historical remanufacturing data and imperfect remanufacturing technology, the precision of the decision model is not high, an entropy weight method is adopted in the model to weight evaluation indexes, the entropy weight method highlights the strong advantages of the evaluation indexes under the condition of lack of historical data support, the weight coefficient is not influenced by subjective factors and is only related to data, and the objectivity and generalization capability of the decision model are enhanced to a certain extent;
step five, solving the comprehensive benefits: and respectively solving the comprehensive benefits of different remanufacturing strategies according to the economic, environmental and social benefit data of the different remanufacturing strategies by combining the weight coefficients obtained by analysis of the entropy weight method.
2. The economic, environmental and social benefit-based waste product remanufacturing decision model according to claim 1, wherein the economic benefit analysis is mainly for the remanufacturing enterprise to perform remanufacturing activities for the purpose of profit, before remanufacturing the waste product, it is necessary from the economic benefit point of view to consider whether remanufacturing of the waste product is necessary, and a remanufacturing benefit can be expressed as a difference between a sales price of the remanufactured product and a remanufacturing cost, and can be specifically expressed by the following formula:
X1＝e-c1-c2-c3-c4
in the above formula X1Representing the remanufacturing income of waste products; e represents a remanufactured product or part selling price; c. C1、c2、c3、c4Respectively representing the recovery cost, the technical cost, the labor cost and other costs of waste products or parts, wherein the other costs comprise the green and environment-friendly processing cost and the tax rate of non-remanufacturable parts and the purchasing cost of new parts during remanufacturing of the whole machine;
the remanufacturing takes waste products or parts as blanks, and the quality and the recovery cost of recovered parts are influenced to a great extent due to the diversity of the working environment and the failure state of the waste products, c1The recycling cost of similar old and useless products of accessible expert's valuation and history is confirmed, and the refabrication process is to carrying out structure optimization and performance recovery's process to old and useless product or part, and the refabrication process specifically can divide into: the method comprises the steps of recycling, disassembling, cleaning, detecting and classifying, remanufacturing and processing, remanufacturing equipment, debugging and packaging, wherein remanufacturing technology is required to be used for disassembling, cleaning, detecting and classifying, remanufacturing and processing, remanufacturing equipment and debugging, and the technical cost c2The used equipment and the use time thereof are adopted to express that:
in the above formula c2Represents a remanufacturing technology cost; t is tiAnd TiRespectively showing the actual service time and the rated service life of equipment required by the process i in the remanufacturing process; p is a radical ofiThe purchase price of the main equipment required by the corresponding procedure i; c is mentioned3The remanufacturing is a system engineering, which comprises a remanufacturing technological process and a specific transportation and management process, and according to the analysis, the whole remanufacturing process needs personnel operation, and the labor cost in the whole remanufacturing process is c3Represents:
c3 in the above formula represents the labor cost of the whole remanufacturing process of the waste product; t is tjIs shown inTime of manual work in remanufacturing process j; lambda [ alpha ]jShow the reward of staff in unit operating time, because every process requires differently to the labourer, gained reward also has a difference, and mechanical product lacks the refabrication theory in initial stage design, leads to scrapping in a large number the product and can't refabricate, carries out green to the part that can't carry out refabrication and handles, produces environmental protection processing cost c41Material consumption, energy consumption and pollutant emission cost c in the remanufacturing process42When the complete machine is remanufactured, a new part purchasing cost C is generated43：
c4＝c41+c42+c43。
3. The economic, environmental and social benefit-based waste product remanufacturing decision model as claimed in claim 1, wherein the environmental benefit analysis is embodied as an environmental benefit evaluation index using X2Represents the standard CO representing the energy consumed in the remanufacturing process2Emission and CO in the production of new products2The ratio of the discharge amount:
ERprepresenting the waste product remanufacturing process CO2Discharge capacity; eNpIndicating CO in the production of a new product2The discharge amount of (c); mu.siConversion of energy i into CO2A conversion factor of emissions; e.g. of the typeRpi、eNpiRespectively representing the usage amount of i-type energy in the remanufacturing process of waste products and the manufacturing process of new products of the same type, wherein the energy consumption in the manufacturing and remanufacturing processes of the new products is converted into a standard coal form, which is concretely shown as follows:
in the above formula eRpiTo representThe total amount of energy used in the remanufacturing process of waste products; beta is aiRepresenting a conversion factor for converting the i-th energy into standard coal; a. theiThe total usage amount e of the i-th type energy in the new product manufacturing or waste product remanufacturing process is shown, and similarly, the total usage amount e of the energy used in the new product manufacturing processNpiAnd may be similarly represented.
4. The economic, environmental and social benefit-based waste product remanufacturing decision model according to claim 1, wherein the social benefit analysis is embodied as: social benefit evaluation index X3Social acceptance including remanufactured product S1And degree of performance reliability S2Evaluation was carried out:
X3＝S1×γ1+S2×γ2
in the above formula S1Representing social recognition questionnaires statistics of the spent remanufactured product socially, S2Representing a coefficient of performance reliability of the remanufactured product; gamma ray1、γ2Represents a weight coefficient whose size can be determined by Delphi or analytic hierarchy method, and gamma1+γ2＝1；
Social recognition degree S1The social acceptance degree refers to the satisfaction degree and the use degree of the waste remanufactured products or parts in the society or remanufacturing factories, in order to reduce the subjective and random influence of survey data, the same amount of different contact crowds are selected in the survey for questionnaire evaluation, and the evaluation result is S1Represents:
in the above formula, M represents the total number of persons who receive the questionnaire; giIndicating acceptance of a questionnaire on a rating of satisfaction with the remanufactured product or part, higher rating indicating satisfaction or use, gi∈[0，1](ii) a Degree of reliability of performance S2Is a qualitative evaluation index, and is used for reproducing the product or partIntegrity S21Stability of operation S22And convenience of operation S23And safe reliability S24The average of the evaluation results indicates:
5. the economic, environmental and social benefit-based waste product remanufacturing decision model according to claim 1, wherein the entropy weight analysis is specifically implemented by calculating weights of decision indexes by using the entropy weight analysis, wherein entropy is an index for measuring a system disorder degree, a weight value of the entropy weight is determined by data per se and is not interfered by external factors such as subjective factors, and the specific selection steps are as follows:
a. remanufacturing a policy decision matrix: the remanufacturing object is a waste product without or with low remanufacturing performance, in order to furthest explore the residual value of the waste product and realize the maximization of comprehensive benefits, on the basis of considering economic, environmental and social benefits, the remanufacturing strategies of the whole machine and the remanufacturing strategies of parts are comprehensively evaluated, and a decision matrix is as follows:
in the above formula, U represents the comprehensive decision result, L1、L2Respectively showing the remanufacturing strategy of the whole machine and the remanufacturing strategy of the part, wherein XijRepresenting the j evaluation index value in the i decision;
b. normalizing the decision matrix: in the multi-objective decision problem, there are many influencing factors, and since the meaning and property of the index factor may be different, it is necessary to perform appropriate preprocessing on the index before decision making, and the corresponding index is processed by using a fuzzy vector normalization method and represented by Y, which is specifically as follows:
c. and (3) calculating a weight coefficient: in order to reduce the influence of subjective factors and data randomness on decision results, it is necessary to perform weighting processing on each index, and the traditional weighting methods include a delphi method (expert consultation method), a sequence relation analysis method, a statistical method, a principal component analysis method and the like, and because of the lack of support of historical data in model design, the weight coefficient of the decision model is obtained by an entropy weight method, which is provided with a schemes, and each scheme has b evaluation indexes, the decision entropy can be expressed as:
in the above formula HjRepresents an entropy value of the decision, wherein
1, 2,. alpha.; j ═ 1, 2,. b; the entropy weight w of each evaluation index is represented by the following formula:
d. and (3) remanufacturing strategy decision making: a remanufacturing strategy decision model is provided in consideration of economic benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits of remanufacturing, the remanufacturing problem that a remanufacturable product is low in remanufacturability or does not have the remanufacturability is solved, the resource utilization rate is improved to the maximum extent, the environmental pollution is reduced, an entropy weight method is used for carrying out remanufacturing weight proportion on evaluation parameters in a multi-target evaluation system, and finally an evaluation index of a remanufacturing scheme decision is obtained, wherein the evaluation index is shown as the following formula:
U＝α1×X1+α2×X2+α3×X3
in the above formula, X1、X2、X3Respectively represent remanufacturing economiesEvaluation indexes of environmental and social benefits; alpha is alpha1、α2、α3For entropy weights of corresponding indexes, assume U1、U2Respectively representing the comprehensive decision-making benefits of the whole machine remanufacturing and the part remanufacturing of the waste products, and when the evaluation result is
When in use, the remanufacturing of parts is selected; when the evaluation result is
When in use, the whole machine should be selected for remanufacturing.
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