CN111950855A - Economic and environmental integrated decision model based on energy value remanufacturing process - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an economic and environmental integrated decision model based on an energy value remanufacturing process, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) the method comprises the steps of (1) an intelligent decision model framework, (2) the boundary of the intelligent decision model, (3) an energy value mathematical model in a remanufacturing system, (4) total energy values input and output by the remanufacturing system, and (5) comprehensive evaluation indexes. According to the economic and environmental integrated decision model based on the energy value remanufacturing process, the intelligent decision model based on the energy value not only considers intuitive costs such as staff wages, raw material purchasing and waste treatment, but also considers implicit costs such as quality defects and delivery time, so that the model can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the ecological performance of the remanufacturing process scheme, the wide application of the model can effectively promote the health competition among enterprises, and integrity and cooperation are effectively guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of remanufacturing processes, in particular to an economic and environmental integrated decision model based on an energy value remanufacturing process.
Background
Remanufacturing is regarded as an emerging technology with high economic benefit and low resource consumption, planning of a remanufacturing process scheme is a key part of a remanufacturing system, however, evaluation of the remanufacturing scheme involves many factors which are difficult to quantify, a traditional multi-standard decision method mainly relies on setting weights among indexes to complete evaluation, the objectivity and accuracy of an evaluation result are reduced, and in recent decades, while great economic benefits are brought to the world along with continuous development of industrialization, energy consumption and environmental pollution become problems which are commonly concerned by all human beings, and development of remanufacturing enterprises must be established on the premise of realizing low carbon and energy conservation of remanufacturing industrial systems.
In a remanufacturing system, economic benefits, renewable resource utilization rate and environmental impact depend on the decision of a remanufacturing process scheme to a great extent, and an unreasonable remanufacturing process scheme not only causes great waste of natural resources and social resources, but also reduces market competitiveness of remanufacturing enterprises, and in addition, the design of the remanufacturing process scheme is complicated and diverse due to uncertainty of failure modes and failure degrees of waste products, so a multi-criterion decision method is an optimal method for selecting the most suitable remanufacturing process scheme, however, due to the diversity of evaluation standards, the conventional MCDM method relies on the weight of artificially making each evaluation standard to complete evaluation, which causes the subjective impact in the evaluation process to be very serious, so that the evaluation result is unrealistic, and therefore, an energy value theory is applied in the scheme to overcome such problems, the energy value theory can convert evaluation indexes of different units into energy values, so that the evaluation result is more objective and accurate.
Aiming at the problems, innovative design is urgently needed on the basis of the original multi-criterion decision model.
Disclosure of Invention
The method solves the problem that the ecological performance of the remanufacturing process scheme cannot be objectively and accurately evaluated. The current renewable resource utilization rate and environmental impact depend on the decision of the remanufacturing process scheme to a great extent, the unreasonable remanufacturing process scheme not only can cause great waste of natural resources and social resources, but also can reduce the market competitiveness of remanufacturing enterprises, and meanwhile, due to the diversity of evaluation standards, the traditional MCDM method depends on artificially establishing the weight of each evaluation standard to complete evaluation, so that the subjective impact in the evaluation process is very serious, and the evaluation result is unrealistic.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an economic and environmental integrated decision model based on an energy value remanufacturing process, which specifically comprises the following steps:
1) intelligent decision model framework: in order to accurately evaluate the ecological performance of a remanufacturing system, firstly, original data are extracted by means of a historical data report, experimental data, a process database and existing equipment conditions of a remanufacturing enterprise, wherein the original data comprise materials, social cost, waste treatment cost, industrial waste, quality loss and time loss, then, in order to avoid the problems of original data units on different dimensions, a series of energy value mathematical models are established, multidimensional data are converted into energy values, so that the evaluation result is more objective, in addition, the economic benefit analysis, the dependency analysis and the self-cleaning rate analysis of renewable resources are carried out through the energy values, and finally, an ecological performance index is calculated to select an optimal remanufacturing process scheme;
2) boundary of intelligent decision model: the boundaries of the intelligent decision model herein include materials, social costs, quality loss, time loss, industrial wastes, waste disposal costs and remanufactured products, first, materials include raw materials and natural resources, which are the basis of performing remanufacturing activities, and further, the social costs of a remanufacturing system refer to social inputs for maintaining a remanufacturing process, but in an actual production process, many economic losses are inevitably caused due to human operational errors or mechanical failures, which are quantified herein as quality loss and time loss due to remanufactured product quality problems and delivery time delays, respectively, and at the same time, industrial wastes and remanufactured products are generated in a remanufacturing process, and in order to reduce environmental pollution by industrial wastes, an enterprise must first dispose the industrial wastes and then release them into the nature; therefore, waste treatment cost is proposed to quantify the treatment cost, and multidimensional data can be converted into one dimension to be compared and calculated based on an energy value theory;
3) mathematical model of energy values in a remanufacturing system: the energy value represents the real energy of natural resources and economic products, different energy units can be converted into the same energy value unit for comparison and calculation, and the accuracy of the remanufacturing scheme evaluation can be effectively improved by applying an energy value theory;
the traditional calculation formula of the energy value is as follows:
EM＝UEV×V
wherein EM represents the value of solar energy, UEV represents the energy value conversion rate of different substances, V refers to the mass of the substances, and in the economic market, the energy value can be expressed in another special form, and the calculation formula is as follows:
EM＝EMR×U
wherein EMR represents the conversion rate of the energy value of the currency, U represents the amount of the currency, and the value of the material value, the social cost, the quality loss, the time loss, the industrial waste, the waste disposal cost and the value of the reconstructed part can be quantified into the energy value according to the basic formula;
4) total energy values of remanufacturing system inputs and outputs: to more conveniently calculate the economic performance of a remanufacturing system, the total input and total output of the remanufacturing system are respectively represented as EMinAnd EMout，EMinThe method comprises the following steps of material cost, social cost, quality loss, time loss and waste treatment cost, and the calculation formula is as follows:
EMin＝EMA(x)+ESO(x)+ETI(x)+EQU(x)+EDI(x)
total output EM of remanufacturing systemsoutFor the reconstruction of parts and industrial waste, the calculation formula is as follows:
EMout＝RPA(x)+IWA(x)
the value of the value conversion rate of the energy of each substance changes with the change of regions and time, and the value of the value conversion rate of the energy must be consistent all the time when the remanufacturing process scheme is evaluated, and only in this way, a suggestion can be provided for the optimization and evaluation of the remanufacturing system;
5) comprehensive evaluation indexes are as follows: in order to more accurately determine the optimal remanufacturing process scheme, an environment-friendly index, an economic benefit index and an ecological performance index are established.
The mathematical model of energy values in a remanufacturing system specifically comprises the steps of:
1) energy value of the material consumed for remanufacturing: the material includes resources and raw materials, the resource consumption not only influences the economic benefits of remanufacturing, but also the proportion of renewable resources and non-renewable resources represents the dependence on natural resources, the resources mainly include diesel oil, auxiliary resources, alloy, copper, cast iron, gasoline, wind energy and hydroenergy, etc., the raw materials are the basis of remanufacturing process, the purchase of the raw materials with lower wear rate at lower price will improve the economic benefits of remanufacturing enterprises, in the remanufacturing system, the raw materials refer to waste and old parts, in order to accurately select an ideal remanufacturing process scheme, the accuracy of material energy value measurement is crucial, therefore, the calculation formula of EMA is as follows:
EMA(x)＝RRE(x)+NRE(x)+RM(x)
wherein ema (x) refers to the energy value of the sum of all materials consumed in the remanufacturing process, rre (x) and nre (x) refer to the energy value and the non-renewable energy value of all renewable resources consumed in the remanufacturing process respectively, rm (x) refers to the energy value converted from the amount of money consumed for purchasing waste parts for remanufacturing through the energy value conversion rate of money, each material consumed in the remanufacturing system is calculated and quantified by using a formula, the consumption of renewable resources and non-renewable resources is obtained respectively, and the dependence degree of the renewable resources is calculated;
2) energy value of industrial waste and waste treatment costs: the industrial waste is a byproduct in the whole remanufacturing process and has great resource value; in addition, the discharge of these wastes has a great influence on the ecological environment; and the cost of waste treatment will increase the cost of remanufacturing, therefore, in order to more accurately measure the economic benefit and environmental benefit of waste treatment, a method for measuring and calculating the cost of waste treatment is provided, i.e. the industrial waste and waste treatment cost is established to be respectively used for calculating the environmental friendly index (EF work) and the economic benefit index (EB work),
the industrial waste mainly comprises waste water, solid waste, waste gas and the like, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i is the ith item in the industrial waste, IWA (x) refers to the sum of energy values of all industrial wastes produced by enterprises in the remanufacturing process, W (xi) refers to the energy value of the ith waste in all the industrial waste species, different treatment technologies are required for different types of wastes in the discharge process of the industrial waste, the purification of the solid waste generally adopts a combustion method, a pyrolysis gasification solidification method and a biodegradation method, the waste water treatment method mainly comprises a physical method, a chemical method, a biological analysis method and the like, the waste gas treatment method mainly comprises a condensation recovery method, an absorption method, a direct combustion method, an activated carbon adsorption method, a plasma decomposition method and the like, and in the actual industrial waste purification treatment process, the most effective and environment-friendly treatment method is selected by the pollution discharge enterprises according to the characteristics of the industrial wastes so as to strive for the highest economic benefit and reduce the ecological environmental pollution, the waste disposal cost calculation formula is as follows:
where EDI (x) refers to the waste treatment cost energy value, DW (x)i) Refers to the disposal cost of the ith waste;
3) energy value of social cost: any production system must be put into the society to play due roles, the system must be put into the aspects of worker production, vehicle transportation, logistics guarantee and the like, the inputs provide driving force for the operation of the remanufacturing system, an unreasonable social resource management system cannot fully play the capacity of the remanufacturing system, so the evaluation of the social cost is vital, main items in the social cost comprise equipment depreciation, land, electric energy, wages, rent, maintenance, office expenses and the like, and a calculation formula of the social cost energy value is as follows:
in the above formula, ESO (x) represents remanufacturingSum of provinces and provinces required in the remanufacturing process of enterprises, SOi(x) A value representing the amount of the i th investment in the social costs;
4) energy value of mass loss: the quality loss refers to the loss of an enterprise caused by the product quality problem in the production and operation activities, and is divided into tangible loss and intangible loss in terms of the essence: tangible losses refer to labor and resource losses due to actions such as rework due to quality issues in remanufacturing projects; the intangible loss refers to loss caused by customer dissatisfaction due to quality problems in the market operation process, and in short, the larger the difference between the quality value of the remanufactured product and the target value is, the larger the quality loss is, and therefore, in the remanufacturing system, the quality loss of the remanufactured product is quantitatively measured by the field method.
Because each worn-out part has a plurality of defective quality characteristics that should be reproduced, we denote the jth quality characteristic of the ith reproduced product as xijThe total number of the quality characteristics of each part is T, and the total number of the waste parts is n, so the economic loss caused by the quality loss of all remanufactured products is calculated as follows:
wherein k isijIs the mass loss constant, f (x)ij) And f0(xij) Are respectively represented as xijActual and target quality characteristic values ofq(x) Refers to the economic loss due to the loss of quality of the total remanufactured product, kijCan be obtained from various historical production reports of enterprises, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, BijRefers to the loss of service, Δ, in the event of a mechanical failureijRefer toQuality attribute xijAnd finally, the mass loss energy value can be derived from the following equation:
EQU(x)＝Lq(x)×EMR
wherein equ (x) refers to the loss of energy due to mass loss during remanufacturing production;
5) energy value of time loss: delivery time is an important factor that affects production planning, credit rating, and inventory costs, and has a large impact on the economic efficiency of remanufacturing enterprises, and in addition, the present invention employs a JIT production model, i.e., the actual delivery time is either early or late resulting in a loss of funds,
the difference between the scheduled delivery time and the actual delivery time is:
where Δ t (x) represents the sum of the difference between the actual delivery time and the scheduled delivery time for x, t (x)j) And t0(xj) Representing the actual delivery time and the scheduled delivery time, respectively, for the jth product, in practice there is a particular relationship between the difference between the scheduled delivery time and the actual delivery time and the loss of currency that can be obtained and influenced by the actual conditions of the remanufacturing enterprise, and therefore the time loss function is:
Lt(x)＝m×Δt(x)
where m represents a mathematical constant between the difference between the scheduled delivery time and the actual delivery time and the loss of currency, the value of the time loss being:
ETI(x)＝Lt(x)×EMR
where ETI (x) represents the time loss energy value.
The comprehensive evaluation index specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the economic benefit index is as follows: EBI refers to the ratio of energy value to projected energy value for a remanufactured product that maintains the sustainability and profitability of the remanufacturing enterprise. But industrial waste in the output should not be considered because it does not affect economic efficiency, and waste treatment costs due to waste should be taken into account. The calculation formula is thus as follows:
the EBI can reflect the profitability of the remanufacturing industry, and the higher the index is, the higher the economic benefit level is, and the stronger the market competitiveness is;
2) environmental friendly indexes are as follows: the EFI consists of two indexes of renewable resource proportion and value reuse proportion, can comprehensively evaluate the environmental efficiency of a remanufacturing system, and has the following specific calculation method:
PRE refers to the ratio of renewable resources to non-renewable resources, the higher the ratio, the lower the degree of dependence on natural resources, and the formula is as follows:
in the conventional manufacturing industry, waste parts are considered as wastes, but in a remanufacturing enterprise, the waste parts can be used as a remanufacturing raw material, which means that a waste-to-valuables process occurs, and the process can greatly relieve the problems of resource exhaustion, environmental pollution and the like; but inevitably also generates certain waste in the process, so when the value of raw materials is greater than that of the waste generated in the remanufacturing process, we consider that this remanufacturing process scheme is desirable from both resource and environmental aspects, and then we propose PVR to evaluate the self-cleaning capability of the system, and the increase of the index shows that it has higher self-cleaning capability, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in summary, the calculation formula of the environment-friendly indicator EFI is as follows:
EFI＝PRE×PVR
EFI analyzes the environmental friendliness of the remanufacturing process scheme from two aspects of resource recovery and self-cleaning capability of waste parts, and the higher the index is, the higher the environmental friendliness is;
3) ecological performance indicators: the EPI is established for comprehensively evaluating the ecological performance of the remanufacturing system based on the EFI and the EBI, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i represents the ith remanufacturing process variant, EViIs represented by EBIiAnd EFIiThe vector of the composition is then calculated,
expression vector EViN represents the number of the alternative remanufacturing process schemes, the ecological performance index of the remanufacturing system is represented as FPI, and the higher the index is, the higher the ecological performance of the remanufacturing system is;
the selection of the remanufacturing process scheme is a key link in the production process, and directly influences the environmental impact, the economic benefit and the quality and the efficiency of a remanufacturing system, so that the quality loss, the time loss, the material cost, the social cost and the remanufacturing product are used as basic decision-making elements of the remanufacturing system, an Economic Benefit Index (EBI), an Environment Friendly Index (EFI) and an Ecological Performance Index (EPI) are formed based on the basic decision-making elements, the decision-making model can provide reference for enterprises based on the collection and calculation of various report data of a remanufacturing processing workshop,
best(EPI)＝max(EPI)
the formula can select the optimal remanufacturing process scheme from the aspects of high economic benefit, high quality, timeliness, low environmental pressure and the like.
Has the advantages that: the economic and environmental integrated decision model based on the energy value remanufacturing process has a wider application range and has excellent performance in the aspects of resources, industrial wastes and services. The method can effectively improve the resource utilization rate, relieve the environmental pressure and expand the connotation and the extension of the ecological performance of the remanufacturing process scheme.
The economic and environmental integrated decision model based on the energy value remanufacturing process provided by the invention has the following advantages from the perspective of economic benefit: the operation cost of a remanufacturing enterprise is widely considered as a key determinant factor influencing remanufacturing decision, on one hand, the cost of remanufacturing maintenance technology is in direct proportion to the quality of remanufactured products, the quality stability of the remanufactured products can influence the acceptability of the remanufactured products in the eyes of consumers, and on the other hand, delayed delivery time not only can cause a large amount of storage management cost, but also can influence the credit between the remanufacturing enterprise and downstream partners, and can generate adverse influence on the long-term development of the company; in the invention, the intelligent decision model based on the energy value not only considers intuitive costs of staff wages, raw material purchasing, waste treatment and the like, but also considers implicit costs of quality defects, delivery time and the like, so the model can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the economic benefit of the remanufacturing process scheme, the wide application of the model can effectively promote the health competition among enterprises, and the integrity and cooperation are effectively ensured.
According to the economic and environment integrated decision model based on the energy value remanufacturing process, from the perspective of sustainability, the model comprehensively evaluates the effectiveness of a remanufacturing process scheme to provide reference for the optimized intelligent decision of a remanufacturing process plan, and the intelligent decision model based on the energy value can break through the limitation of currency evaluation, so that the objective evaluation of an economic system becomes practical. The model can effectively promote the continuous development of the remanufacturing technology by using a lower application threshold and good benefits, and injects vitality into the original rigid decision theory, thereby further improving the market competitiveness of enterprises, effectively reducing the gap with strong enterprises, guiding the remanufacturing enterprises to develop towards the direction of energy conservation and environmental protection, improving the quality of remanufacturing products and reducing the remanufacturing cost.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments, which are to be understood as merely illustrative and not limitative of the scope of the present invention.
An economic and environmental integrated decision model based on an energy value remanufacturing process specifically comprises the following steps:
1) intelligent decision model framework: in order to accurately evaluate the ecological performance of a remanufacturing system, firstly, original data are extracted by means of a historical data report, experimental data, a process database and existing equipment conditions of a remanufacturing enterprise, wherein the original data comprise materials, social cost, waste treatment cost, industrial waste, quality loss and time loss, then, in order to avoid the problems of original data units on different dimensions, a series of energy value mathematical models are established, multidimensional data are converted into energy values, so that the evaluation result is more objective, in addition, economic benefit analysis, dependence analysis and self-cleaning rate analysis of renewable resources are carried out through the energy values, and finally, an ecological performance index is calculated to select an optimal remanufacturing process scheme;
2) boundary of intelligent decision model: the boundaries of the intelligent decision model herein include materials, social costs, quality loss, time loss, industrial wastes, waste disposal costs and remanufactured products, first, materials include raw materials and natural resources, which are the basis of performing remanufacturing activities, and further, the social costs of a remanufacturing system refer to social inputs for maintaining a remanufacturing process, but in an actual production process, many economic losses are inevitably caused due to human operational errors or mechanical failures, which are quantified herein as quality loss and time loss due to remanufactured product quality problems and delivery time delays, respectively, and at the same time, industrial wastes and remanufactured products are generated in a remanufacturing process, and in order to reduce environmental pollution by industrial wastes, an enterprise must first dispose the industrial wastes and then release them into the nature; therefore, waste treatment cost is proposed to quantify the treatment cost, and multidimensional data can be converted into one dimension to be compared and calculated based on an energy value theory;
3) mathematical model of energy values in a remanufacturing system: the energy value represents the real energy of natural resources and economic products, different energy units can be converted into the same energy value unit for comparison and calculation, and the accuracy of the remanufacturing scheme evaluation can be effectively improved by applying an energy value theory;
the traditional calculation formula of the energy value is as follows:
EM＝UEV×V
wherein EM represents the value of solar energy, UEV represents the energy value conversion rate of different substances, V refers to the mass of the substances, and in the economic market, the energy value can be expressed in another special form, and the calculation formula is as follows:
EM＝EMR×U
wherein EMR represents the conversion rate of the energy value of the currency, U represents the amount of the currency, and the value of the material value, the social cost, the quality loss, the time loss, the industrial waste, the waste disposal cost and the value of the reconstructed part can be quantified into the energy value according to the basic formula;
4) total energy values of remanufacturing system inputs and outputs: to more conveniently calculate the economic performance of a remanufacturing system, the total input and total output of the remanufacturing system are respectively represented as EMinAnd EMout，EMinThe method comprises the following steps of material cost, social cost, quality loss, time loss and waste treatment cost, and the calculation formula is as follows:
EMin＝EMA(x)+ESO(x)+ETI(x)+EQU(x)+EDI(x)
total output EM of remanufacturing systemsoutFor the reconstruction of parts and industrial waste, the calculation formula is as follows:
EMout＝RPA(x)+IWA(x)
the value of the value conversion rate of the energy of each substance changes with the change of regions and time, and the value of the value conversion rate of the energy must be consistent all the time when the remanufacturing process scheme is evaluated, and only in this way, a suggestion can be provided for the optimization and evaluation of the remanufacturing system;
5) comprehensive evaluation indexes are as follows: in order to more accurately determine the optimal remanufacturing process scheme, an environment-friendly index, an economic benefit index and an ecological performance index are established.
The mathematical model of the energy values in the remanufacturing system specifically comprises the steps of:
1) energy value of the material consumed for remanufacturing: the material includes resources and raw materials, the resource consumption not only influences the economic benefits of remanufacturing, but also the proportion of renewable resources and non-renewable resources represents the dependence on natural resources, the resources mainly include diesel oil, auxiliary resources, alloy, copper, cast iron, gasoline, wind energy and hydroenergy, etc., the raw materials are the basis of remanufacturing process, the purchase of the raw materials with lower wear rate at lower price will improve the economic benefits of remanufacturing enterprises, in the remanufacturing system, the raw materials refer to waste and old parts, in order to accurately select an ideal remanufacturing process scheme, the accuracy of material energy value measurement is crucial, therefore, the calculation formula of EMA is as follows:
EMA(x)＝RRE(x)+NRE(x)+RM(x)
wherein ema (x) refers to the energy value of the sum of all materials consumed in the remanufacturing process, rre (x) and nre (x) refer to the energy value and the non-renewable energy value of all renewable resources consumed in the remanufacturing process respectively, rm (x) refers to the energy value converted from the amount of money consumed for purchasing waste parts for remanufacturing through the energy value conversion rate of money, each material consumed in the remanufacturing system is calculated and quantified by using a formula, the consumption of renewable resources and non-renewable resources is obtained respectively, and the dependence degree of the renewable resources is calculated;
2) energy value of industrial waste and waste treatment costs: the industrial waste is a byproduct in the whole remanufacturing process and has great resource value; in addition, the discharge of these wastes has a great influence on the ecological environment; and the cost of waste treatment will increase the cost of remanufacturing, therefore, in order to more accurately measure the economic benefit and environmental benefit of waste treatment, a method for measuring and calculating the cost of waste treatment is provided, i.e. the industrial waste and waste treatment cost is established to be respectively used for calculating the environmental friendly index (EF work) and the economic benefit index (EB work),
the industrial waste mainly comprises waste water, solid waste, waste gas and the like, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i is the ith item in the industrial waste, IWA (x) refers to the sum of energy values of all industrial wastes produced by enterprises in the remanufacturing process, W (xi) refers to the energy value of the ith waste in all the industrial waste species, different treatment technologies are required for different types of wastes in the discharge process of the industrial waste, the purification of the solid waste generally adopts a combustion method, a pyrolysis gasification solidification method and a biodegradation method, the waste water treatment method mainly comprises a physical method, a chemical method, a biological analysis method and the like, the waste gas treatment method mainly comprises a condensation recovery method, an absorption method, a direct combustion method, an activated carbon adsorption method, a plasma decomposition method and the like, and in the actual industrial waste purification treatment process, the most effective and environment-friendly treatment method is selected by the pollution discharge enterprises according to the characteristics of the industrial wastes so as to strive for the highest economic benefit and reduce the ecological environmental pollution, the waste disposal cost calculation formula is as follows:
where EDI (x) refers to the waste treatment cost energy value, DW (x)i) Refers to the disposal cost of the ith waste;
3) energy value of social cost: any production system must be put into the society to play due roles, the system must be put into the aspects of worker production, vehicle transportation, logistics guarantee and the like, the inputs provide driving force for the operation of the remanufacturing system, an unreasonable social resource management system cannot fully play the capacity of the remanufacturing system, so the evaluation of the social cost is vital, main items in the social cost comprise equipment depreciation, land, electric energy, wages, rent, maintenance, office expenses and the like, and a calculation formula of the social cost energy value is as follows:
in the above formula, ESO (x) represents the sum of the cost saving and energy saving values required by the remanufacturing enterprise in the remanufacturing process, SOi(x) A value representing the amount of the i th investment in the social costs;
4) energy value of mass loss: the quality loss refers to the loss of an enterprise caused by the product quality problem in the production and operation activities, and is divided into tangible loss and intangible loss in terms of the essence: tangible losses refer to labor and resource losses due to actions such as rework due to quality issues in remanufacturing projects; intangible loss refers to loss caused by customer dissatisfaction due to quality problems in the market operation process, and in short, the greater the difference between the quality value of the remanufactured product and the target value, the greater the quality loss, and therefore, in the remanufacturing system, the quality loss of the remanufactured product is quantitatively measured by the Taguchi method,
because each worn-out part has a plurality of defective quality characteristics that should be reproduced, we denote the jth quality characteristic of the ith reproduced product as xijThe total number of the quality characteristics of each part is T, and the total number of the waste parts is n, so the economic loss caused by the quality loss of all remanufactured products is calculated as follows:
wherein k isijIs the mass loss constant, f (x)ij) And f0(xij) Are respectively represented as xijActual and target quality characteristic values ofq(x) Refers to the economic loss due to the loss of quality of the total remanufactured product, kijCan be obtained from various historical production reports of enterprises, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, BijFinger machineLoss of service, Δ, in the event of mechanical failureijRefers to the property x for qualityijAnd finally, the mass loss energy value can be derived from the following equation:
EQU(x)＝Lq(x)×EMR
wherein equ (x) refers to the loss of energy due to mass loss during remanufacturing production;
5) energy value of time loss: delivery time is an important factor that affects production planning, credit rating, and inventory costs, and has a large impact on the economic efficiency of remanufacturing enterprises, and in addition, the present invention employs a JIT production model, i.e., the actual delivery time is either early or late resulting in a loss of funds,
the difference between the scheduled delivery time and the actual delivery time is:
where Δ t (x) represents the sum of the difference between the actual delivery time and the scheduled delivery time for x, t (x)j) And t0(xj) Representing the actual delivery time and the scheduled delivery time, respectively, for the jth product, in practice there is a particular relationship between the difference between the scheduled delivery time and the actual delivery time and the loss of currency that can be obtained and influenced by the actual conditions of the remanufacturing enterprise, and therefore the time loss function is:
Lt(x)＝m×Δt(x)
where m represents a mathematical constant between the difference between the scheduled delivery time and the actual delivery time and the loss of currency, the value of the time loss being:
ETI(x)＝Lt(x)×EMR
where ETI (x) represents the time loss energy value.
The comprehensive evaluation index specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the economic benefit index is as follows: EBI refers to the ratio of energy value to projected energy value for a remanufactured product that maintains the sustainability and profitability of the remanufacturing enterprise. But industrial waste in the output should not be considered because it does not affect economic efficiency, and waste treatment costs due to waste should be taken into account. The calculation formula is thus as follows:
the EBI can reflect the profitability of the remanufacturing industry, and the higher the index is, the higher the economic benefit level is, and the stronger the market competitiveness is;
2) environmental friendly indexes are as follows: the EFI consists of two indexes of renewable resource proportion and value reuse proportion, can comprehensively evaluate the environmental efficiency of a remanufacturing system, and has the following specific calculation method:
PRE refers to the ratio of renewable resources to non-renewable resources, the higher the ratio, the lower the degree of dependence on natural resources, and the formula is as follows:
in the conventional manufacturing industry, waste parts are considered as wastes, but in a remanufacturing enterprise, the waste parts can be used as a remanufacturing raw material, which means that a waste-to-valuables process occurs, and the process can greatly relieve the problems of resource exhaustion, environmental pollution and the like; but inevitably also generates certain waste in the process, so when the value of raw materials is greater than that of the waste generated in the remanufacturing process, we consider that this remanufacturing process scheme is desirable from both resource and environmental aspects, and then we propose PVR to evaluate the self-cleaning capability of the system, and the increase of the index shows that it has higher self-cleaning capability, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in summary, the calculation formula of the environment-friendly indicator EFI is as follows:
EFI＝PRE×PVR
EFI analyzes the environmental friendliness of the remanufacturing process scheme from two aspects of resource recovery and self-cleaning capability of waste parts, and the higher the index is, the higher the environmental friendliness is;
3) ecological performance indicators: the EPI is established for comprehensively evaluating the ecological performance of the remanufacturing system based on the EFI and the EBI, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i represents the ith remanufacturing process variant, EViIs represented by EBIiAnd EFIiThe vector of the composition is then calculated,
expression vector EViN represents the number of the alternative remanufacturing process schemes, the ecological performance index of the remanufacturing system is represented as FPI, and the higher the index is, the higher the ecological performance of the remanufacturing system is;
the selection of the remanufacturing process scheme is a key link in the production process, and directly influences the environmental impact, the economic benefit and the quality and the efficiency of a remanufacturing system, so that the quality loss, the time loss, the material cost, the social cost and the remanufacturing product are used as basic decision-making elements of the remanufacturing system, an Economic Benefit Index (EBI), an Environment Friendly Index (EFI) and an Ecological Performance Index (EPI) are formed based on the basic decision-making elements, the decision-making model can provide reference for enterprises based on the collection and calculation of various report data of a remanufacturing processing workshop,
best(EPI)＝max(EPI)
the formula can select the optimal remanufacturing process scheme from the aspects of high economic benefit, high quality, timeliness, low environmental pressure and the like.
The economic and environmental integrated decision model based on the energy value remanufacturing process has the following advantages:
1. the invention has a wider range of applications and excellent performance in terms of resources, industrial waste and service. The method can effectively improve the resource utilization rate, relieve the environmental pressure and expand the connotation and the extension of the ecological performance of the remanufacturing process scheme.
2. The economic and environmental integrated decision model based on the energy value remanufacturing process provided by the invention has the following advantages from the perspective of economic benefit: the operation cost of the remanufacturing enterprise is widely considered as a key decisive factor influencing the remanufacturing decision, on one hand, the cost of the remanufacturing maintenance technology is in direct proportion to the quality of the remanufactured product, the quality stability of the remanufactured product influences the acceptability of the remanufactured product in the eyes of consumers, on the other hand, delayed delivery time not only causes a large amount of storage management cost, but also influences the reputation between the remanufacturing enterprise and downstream partners and has adverse influence on the long-term development of the company, in the invention, the energy value-based intelligent decision model not only considers the intuitive cost of staff wages, raw material purchasing, waste treatment and the like, but also considers the implicit cost of quality defects, delivery time and the like, therefore, the model can comprehensively and accurately evaluate the economic benefit of the remanufacturing process scheme, and the wide application of the model can effectively promote the health competition between the enterprises, integrity and cooperation are guaranteed powerfully.
3. According to the economic and environment integrated decision model based on the energy value remanufacturing process, from the perspective of sustainability, the model comprehensively evaluates the effectiveness of a remanufacturing process scheme to provide reference for the optimized intelligent decision of a remanufacturing process plan, and the intelligent decision model based on the energy value can break through the limitation of currency evaluation, so that the objective evaluation of an economic system becomes practical. The model can effectively promote the continuous development of the remanufacturing technology by using a lower application threshold and good benefits, and injects vitality into the original rigid decision theory, thereby further improving the market competitiveness of enterprises, effectively reducing the gap with strong enterprises, guiding the remanufacturing enterprises to develop towards the direction of energy conservation and environmental protection, improving the quality of remanufacturing products and reducing the remanufacturing cost.
The foregoing illustrates and describes the principles, general features, and advantages of the present invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (3)
1. The economic and environmental integrated decision-making model based on the energy value remanufacturing process specifically comprises the following steps:
1) intelligent decision model framework: in order to accurately evaluate the ecological performance of a remanufacturing system, firstly, original data are extracted by means of a historical data report, experimental data, a process database and existing equipment conditions of a remanufacturing enterprise, wherein the original data comprise materials, social cost, waste treatment cost, industrial waste, quality loss and time loss, then, in order to avoid problems caused by original data units in different dimensions, a series of energy value mathematical models are established, multidimensional data are converted into energy values, so that an evaluation result is more objective, in addition, economic benefit analysis, dependence analysis and self-cleaning rate analysis of renewable resources are carried out through the energy values, and finally, an ecological performance index is calculated to select an optimal remanufacturing process scheme;
2) boundary of intelligent decision model: the boundaries of the intelligent decision model herein include materials, social costs, quality loss, time loss, industrial wastes, waste disposal costs and remanufactured products, first, materials include raw materials and natural resources, which are the basis of performing remanufacturing activities, and further, the social costs of a remanufacturing system refer to social inputs for maintaining a remanufacturing process, but in an actual production process, many economic losses are inevitably caused due to human operational errors or mechanical failures, which are quantified herein as quality loss and time loss due to remanufactured product quality problems and delivery time delays, respectively, and at the same time, industrial wastes and remanufactured products are generated in a remanufacturing process, and in order to reduce environmental pollution by industrial wastes, an enterprise must first dispose the industrial wastes and then release them into the nature; therefore, the invention provides the waste treatment cost to quantify the treatment cost, and based on the energy value theory, the multidimensional data can be converted into one dimension to be compared and calculated;
3) mathematical model of energy values in a remanufacturing system: the energy value represents the real energy of natural resources and economic products, different energy units can be converted into the same energy value unit for comparison and calculation, and the accuracy of the remanufacturing scheme evaluation can be effectively improved by applying an energy value theory;
the traditional calculation formula of the energy value is as follows:
EM＝UEV×V
wherein EM represents the value of solar energy, UEV represents the energy value conversion rate of different substances, V refers to the mass of the substances, and in the economic market, the energy value can be expressed in another special form, and the calculation formula is as follows:
EM＝EMR×U
wherein EMR represents the conversion rate of the energy value of the currency, U represents the amount of the currency, and the value of the material value, the social cost, the quality loss, the time loss, the industrial waste, the waste disposal cost and the value of the reconstructed part can be quantified into the energy value according to the basic formula;
4) total energy values of remanufacturing system inputs and outputs: to more conveniently calculate the economic performance of a remanufacturing system, the total input and total output of the remanufacturing system are respectively represented as EMinAnd EMout，EMinThe method comprises the following steps of material cost, social cost, quality loss, time loss and waste treatment cost, and the calculation formula is as follows:
EMin＝EMA(x)+ESO(x)+ETI(x)+EQU(x)+EDI(x)
total output EM of remanufacturing systemsoutFor the reconstruction of parts and industrial waste, the calculation formula is as follows:
EMout＝RPA(x)+IWA(x)
the value of the value conversion rate of the energy of each substance changes with the change of regions and time, and the value of the value conversion rate of the energy must be consistent all the time when the remanufacturing process scheme is evaluated, and only in this way, a suggestion can be provided for the optimization and evaluation of the remanufacturing system;
5) comprehensive evaluation indexes are as follows: in order to more accurately determine the optimal remanufacturing process scheme, an environment-friendly index, an economic benefit index and an ecological performance index are established.
2. The economic and environmental integrated decision model for an energy value remanufacturing process according to claim 1, the energy value mathematical model in the remanufacturing system comprising in particular the steps of:
1) energy value of the material consumed for remanufacturing: the material includes resources and raw materials, the resource consumption not only influences the economic benefits of remanufacturing, but also the proportion of renewable resources and non-renewable resources represents the dependence on natural resources, the resources mainly include diesel oil, auxiliary resources, alloy, copper, cast iron, gasoline, wind energy and hydroenergy, etc., the raw materials are the basis of remanufacturing process, the purchase of the raw materials with lower wear rate at lower price will improve the economic benefits of remanufacturing enterprises, in the remanufacturing system, the raw materials refer to waste and old parts, in order to accurately select an ideal remanufacturing process scheme, the accuracy of material energy value measurement is crucial, therefore, the calculation formula of EMA is as follows:
EMA(x)＝RRE(x)+NRE(x)+RM(x)
wherein ema (x) refers to the energy value of the sum of all materials consumed in the remanufacturing process, rre (x) and nre (x) refer to the energy value of all renewable resources and the energy value of non-renewable resources consumed in the remanufacturing process respectively, rm (x) refers to the energy value converted by the energy value conversion rate of money for the amount consumed by purchasing waste parts for remanufacturing, each material consumed in the remanufacturing system is calculated and quantified by using a formula, the consumption of renewable resources and non-renewable resources is obtained respectively, and the dependence degree of the renewable resources is calculated;
2) energy value of industrial waste and waste treatment costs: the industrial waste is a byproduct in the whole remanufacturing process and has great resource value; in addition, the discharge of these wastes has a great influence on the ecological environment; and the cost of waste treatment will increase the cost of remanufacturing, therefore, in order to more accurately measure the economic and environmental benefits of waste treatment, a method of measuring and calculating the cost of waste treatment is proposed, i.e. the cost of industrial waste and waste treatment is established to calculate the Environmental Friendly Indicator (EFI) and the Economic Benefit Indicator (EBI) respectively,
the industrial waste mainly comprises waste water, solid waste, waste gas and the like, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i is the ith item in the industrial waste, IWA (x) refers to the sum of energy values of all industrial wastes produced by enterprises in the remanufacturing process, W (xi) refers to the energy value of the ith waste in all the industrial waste species, different treatment technologies are required for different types of wastes in the discharge process of the industrial waste, the purification of the solid waste generally adopts a combustion method, a pyrolysis gasification solidification method and a biodegradation method, the waste water treatment method mainly comprises a physical method, a chemical method, a biological analysis method and the like, the waste gas treatment method mainly comprises a condensation recovery method, an absorption method, a direct combustion method, an activated carbon adsorption method, a plasma decomposition method and the like, and in the actual industrial waste purification treatment process, the most effective and environment-friendly treatment method is selected by the pollution discharge enterprises according to the characteristics of the industrial wastes so as to strive for the highest economic benefit and reduce the ecological environmental pollution, the waste disposal cost calculation formula is as follows:
where EDI (x) refers to the waste treatment cost energy value, DW (x)i) Refers to the disposal cost of the ith waste;
3) energy value of social cost: any production system must be put into the society to play due roles, the system must be put into the aspects of worker production, vehicle transportation, logistics guarantee and the like, the inputs provide driving force for the operation of the remanufacturing system, an unreasonable social resource management system cannot fully play the capacity of the remanufacturing system, so the evaluation of the social cost is vital, main items in the social cost comprise equipment depreciation, land, electric energy, wages, rent, maintenance, office expenses and the like, and a calculation formula of the social cost energy value is as follows:
in the above formula, ESO (x) represents the sum of the cost saving and energy saving values required by the remanufacturing enterprise in the remanufacturing process, SOi(x) A value representing the amount of the i th investment in the social costs;
4) energy value of mass loss: the quality loss refers to the loss of an enterprise caused by the product quality problem in the production and operation activities, and is divided into tangible loss and intangible loss in terms of the essence: tangible losses refer to labor and resource losses due to actions such as rework due to quality issues in remanufacturing projects; intangible loss refers to loss caused by customer dissatisfaction due to quality problems in the market operation process, and in short, the greater the difference between the quality value of the remanufactured product and the target value, the greater the quality loss, and therefore, in the remanufacturing system, the quality loss of the remanufactured product is quantitatively measured by the Taguchi method,
because each worn-out part has a plurality of defective quality characteristics that should be reproduced, we denote the jth quality characteristic of the ith reproduced product as xijThe total number of the quality characteristics of each part is T, and the total number of the waste parts is n, so the economic loss caused by the quality loss of all remanufactured products is calculated as follows:
wherein k isijIs massLoss constant, f (x)ij) And f0(xij) Are respectively represented as xijActual and target quality characteristic values ofq(x) Refers to the economic loss due to the loss of quality of the total remanufactured product, kijCan be obtained from various historical production reports of enterprises, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, BijRefers to the loss of service, Δ, in the event of a mechanical failureijRefers to the property x for qualityijAnd finally, the mass loss energy value can be derived from the following equation:
EQU(x)＝Lq(x)×EMR
wherein equ (x) refers to the loss of energy due to mass loss during remanufacturing production;
5) energy value of time loss: delivery time is an important factor that affects production planning, credit rating, and inventory costs, and has a large impact on the economic efficiency of remanufacturing enterprises, and in addition, the present invention employs a JIT production model, i.e., the actual delivery time is either early or late resulting in a loss of funds,
the difference between the scheduled delivery time and the actual delivery time is:
where Δ t (x) represents the sum of the difference between the actual delivery time and the scheduled delivery time for x, t (x)j) And t0(xj) Representing the actual delivery time and the scheduled delivery time, respectively, for the jth product, in practice there is a particular relationship between the difference between the scheduled delivery time and the actual delivery time and the loss of currency that can be obtained and influenced by the actual conditions of the remanufacturing enterprise, and therefore the time loss function is:
Lt(x)＝m×Δt(x)
where m represents a mathematical constant between the difference between the scheduled delivery time and the actual delivery time and the loss of currency, the value of the time loss being:
ETI(x)＝Lt(x)×EMR
where ETI (x) represents the time loss energy value.
3. The economic and environmental integrated decision model based on energy value remanufacturing process of claim 1, wherein: the comprehensive evaluation index specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the economic benefit index is as follows: EBI refers to the ratio of energy value to projected energy value for a remanufactured product that maintains the sustainability and profitability of the remanufacturing enterprise. But industrial waste in the output should not be considered because it does not affect economic efficiency, and waste treatment costs due to waste should be taken into account. The calculation formula is thus as follows:
the EBI can reflect the profitability of the remanufacturing industry, and the higher the index is, the higher the economic benefit level is, and the stronger the market competitiveness is;
2) environmental friendly indexes are as follows: the EFI consists of two indexes of renewable resource proportion and value reuse proportion, can comprehensively evaluate the environmental efficiency of a remanufacturing system, and has the following specific calculation method:
PRE refers to the ratio of renewable resources to non-renewable resources, the higher the ratio, the lower the degree of dependence on natural resources, and the formula is as follows:
in the conventional manufacturing industry, waste parts are considered as wastes, but in a remanufacturing enterprise, the waste parts can be used as a remanufacturing raw material, which means that a waste-to-valuables process occurs, and the process can greatly relieve the problems of resource exhaustion, environmental pollution and the like; but inevitably also generates certain waste in the process, so when the value of raw materials is greater than that of the waste generated in the remanufacturing process, we consider that this remanufacturing process scheme is desirable from both resource and environmental aspects, and then we propose PVR to evaluate the self-cleaning capability of the system, and the increase of the index shows that it has higher self-cleaning capability, and the calculation formula is as follows:
in summary, the calculation formula of the environment-friendly indicator EFI is as follows:
EFI＝PRE×PVR
EFI analyzes the environmental friendliness of the remanufacturing process scheme from two aspects of resource recovery and self-cleaning capability of waste parts, and the higher the index is, the higher the environmental friendliness is;
3) ecological performance indicators: the EPI is established for comprehensively evaluating the ecological performance of the remanufacturing system based on the EFI and the EBI, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein i represents the ith remanufacturing process variant, EViIs represented by EBIiAnd EFIiThe vector of the composition is then calculated,
expression vector EViN represents the number of alternative remanufacturing process schemes, an ecological performance index of the remanufacturing system is represented as an EPI, and the higher the index is, the higher the ecological performance of the remanufacturing system is;
the selection of the remanufacturing process scheme is a key link in the production process, and directly influences the environmental impact, the economic benefit and the quality and the efficiency of a remanufacturing system, so that the quality loss, the time loss, the material cost, the social cost and the remanufacturing product are used as basic decision-making elements of the remanufacturing system, an Economic Benefit Index (EBI), an Environment Friendly Index (EFI) and an Ecological Performance Index (EPI) are formed based on the basic decision-making elements, the decision-making model can provide reference for enterprises based on the collection and calculation of various report data of a remanufacturing processing workshop,
best(EPI)＝max(EPI)
the formula can select the optimal remanufacturing process scheme from the aspects of high economic benefit, high quality, timeliness, low environmental pressure and the like.
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