CN112926242A - Method and device for simulating perforation dynamic impact process of oil and gas well - Google Patents
Method and device for simulating perforation dynamic impact process of oil and gas well Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for simulating a perforation dynamic impact process of an oil-gas well, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring the actual perforation working condition of the underground perforation system; simplifying an underground perforating system according to the actual perforating working condition; setting model parameters in a perforating process according to the simplified underground perforating system, and establishing a three-dimensional calculation model; determining at least one material area of the three-dimensional calculation model according to the model parameters, and determining a corresponding description algorithm to perform grid division to form a grid calculation model; according to the grid computing model, aiming at least one material area, selecting different response model equations for dynamic response; and according to the complete simulation model, importing numerical values in the finite element analysis model to carry out simulation operation, and carrying out comprehensive analysis on simulation operation results. The dynamic impact method can present the actual perforation dynamic impact process of the oil-gas well, and can conveniently and flexibly acquire local or overall dynamic data at different underground positions.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of perforation in the petroleum industry, in particular to a method and a device for simulating a dynamic impact process of perforation of an oil-gas well.
Background
The perforation technology is one of the key steps in the oil exploitation process, and the field of oil and gas well perforation belongs to multidisciplinary intersection. The perforation impact load is a coupling body of multi-form dynamic load, comprising periodic load, step load, random load and the like, and the forming process also involves complex superimposed coupling effect. At present, it is very difficult to accurately obtain a theoretical analytical solution of the dynamic load under the perforation working condition, and the research developed by adopting a related theoretical method has great limitations. Therefore, the dynamic impact process of downhole perforation is difficult to be comprehensively analyzed by adopting a theoretical method at present. Meanwhile, the problem is difficult to analyze by adopting an experimental method, a large amount of manpower and material resources are consumed by adopting the indoor experimental method of real perforating charges, higher safety risk exists, and the existing measurement technology is difficult to capture real physical phenomena and comprehensively acquire dynamic data. In the prior art, nonlinear dynamics finite element simulation calculation is utilized, and the study on the underground perforation problem by means of finite element simulation is the preferred scheme of a plurality of researchers.
However, downhole perforating explosive blasts involve many-sided physicochemical processes, and numerical modeling and meshing is extremely complex. On one hand, the process has larger workload and calculation amount, but the real underground perforation impact dynamic process cannot be comprehensively and accurately reflected if the process is greatly simplified; on the other hand, similar impact dynamic problems are difficult to solve, and the numerical simulation process faces the difficult problem of how to solve data in multiple aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively use multidisciplinary knowledge to form an effective, reasonable and accurate numerical simulation method for the dynamic impact process of oil and gas well perforation aiming at the actual underground perforation condition.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a method for simulating a dynamic impact process of oil and gas well perforation, so as to solve the problem of how to reasonably and efficiently simulate the dynamic impact process of oil and gas well perforation.
The invention provides a method for simulating a perforation dynamic impact process of an oil and gas well, which comprises the following steps:
acquiring the actual perforation working condition of the underground perforation system;
simplifying the underground perforating system according to the actual perforating working condition;
setting model parameters in a perforating process according to the simplified underground perforating system, and establishing a three-dimensional calculation model;
determining at least one material area of the three-dimensional calculation model according to the model parameters, and determining a corresponding description algorithm for grid division according to the at least one material area to form a grid calculation model;
according to the grid computing model, aiming at the at least one material area, selecting different response model equations for dynamic response to form a complete simulation model;
and according to the complete simulation model, importing numerical values in a finite element analysis model to carry out simulation operation, and carrying out comprehensive analysis on simulation operation results.
Further, simplifying the downhole perforation system according to the actual perforation condition comprises:
establishing a perforation physical process according to the actual perforation working condition;
and selecting a modeling starting point and material classification according to the perforation physical process and preset focus conditions.
Further, the selecting a modeling starting point and a material classification according to the perforation physical process and preset focus conditions comprises:
selecting a perforating pipe column and a packer of the underground perforating system as the modeling starting point according to the perforating physical process and the focus condition;
and according to the perforation physical process and the key conditions of interest, taking the tubular column structure and the tubular column components of the downhole perforation system as isotropic tubular column materials, and taking cement or reservoir of the downhole perforation system as isotropic materials.
Further, the three-dimensional calculation model comprises an oil pipe section, a perforation section and a bottom pocket section, the model parameters comprise equipment parameters, pipe column dimensions, operating environment parameters and modeling material parameters, the model parameters in the perforation process are set according to the simplified underground perforation system, and the establishment of the three-dimensional calculation model comprises the following steps:
determining the equipment parameters of the perforation section, the pipe column size of the oil pipe section and the operating environment parameters according to the simplified underground perforation system and an actual operating site;
and determining the modeling material parameters of the oil pipe section and the perforation section according to the simplified underground perforation system and the actual operation field.
Further, the at least one material zone comprises a perforating gun hole, a casing, a tubing, perforating fluid, perforating charges, air, cement sheath, and formation rock, wherein the tubing section comprises the casing, the tubing, the perforating section comprises the perforating gun hole, the perforating fluid, and the perforating charges, and the bottom hole pocket section comprises the cement sheath and the formation rock.
Further, determining a corresponding description algorithm for mesh division according to the at least one material region to form a mesh computational model includes:
establishing a grid model by adopting a Lagrange algorithm aiming at the perforating gun, the oil pipe and the casing;
establishing a grid model by using an Euler algorithm aiming at the perforating charges, the air and the perforating liquid;
and the three-dimensional calculation model adopts hexahedral meshes, and meshes of the regions corresponding to the perforating charges are encrypted.
Further, determining a corresponding description algorithm for mesh division according to the at least one material region, and forming a mesh computational model further includes: and describing the large deformation problem in the perforation explosion process by adopting an ALE algorithm, and accurately describing the fluid-solid coupling phenomenon in the calculation process.
Further, the selecting different response model equations for dynamic response according to the grid computing model and the at least one material region to form a complete simulation model includes:
the perforating EXPLOSIVE adopts a HIGH _ EXPLOSIVE _ BURN material model, and a corresponding dynamic response process is described by applying JWL state equations;
the perforating fluid adopts an MAT _ NULL material model, and a Gruneisen state equation is applied to describe a corresponding dynamic response process;
the perforating gun, the oil pipe and the casing adopt a Cowper-Symonds material model;
the cement sheath and the stratum rock adopt a Holmquist-Johnson-Cook material model.
Further, the importing, according to the complete simulation model, a numerical value in a finite element analysis model to perform a simulation operation, and performing a comprehensive analysis on a simulation operation result includes:
according to the finite element model in the k file form, respectively adopting keywords to define an explosive initiation point and explosive initiation time, fluid-solid coupling, a grid unit algorithm, calculation time and a time step so as to perform simulation operation;
drawing perforation dynamic pressure distribution cloud pictures corresponding to different moments and different positions according to the simulation operation result;
and extracting corresponding dynamic mechanical data according to the set structural blocks, units or nodes, and comprehensively simulating and analyzing the dynamic perforation impact process of the oil and gas well by combining the dynamic perforation pressure distribution cloud chart.
The invention also provides a device for simulating the dynamic impact process of the perforation of the oil and gas well, which comprises:
the acquiring unit is used for acquiring the actual perforation working condition of the underground perforation system;
the processing unit is used for simplifying the underground perforating system according to the actual perforating working condition; the system is also used for setting model parameters in the perforating process according to the simplified underground perforating system and establishing a three-dimensional calculation model;
the three-dimensional calculation model is also used for determining at least one material area of the three-dimensional calculation model according to the model parameters, and determining a corresponding description algorithm for grid division according to the at least one material area to form a grid calculation model; the system is also used for selecting different response model equations to perform dynamic response aiming at the at least one material area according to the grid computing model to form a complete simulation model;
and the analysis unit is used for importing numerical values in the finite element analysis model according to the complete simulation model so as to carry out simulation operation and carrying out comprehensive analysis on simulation operation results.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, according to the actual perforation operation working condition of an oil-gas well, comprehensively and correctly recognizing the physical process of perforation, and making reasonable assumptions to simplify the complicated and variable perforation dynamic explosion problem; then, based on the simplified underground perforation system, setting corresponding model parameters (such as perforation equipment parameters, pipe column dimensions and operation environment parameters) according to the actual working scene of a site, and effectively creating a three-dimensional calculation model; then, based on the established three-dimensional calculation model, for different material areas, different algorithms are adopted to establish a grid model corresponding to the perforation process, the calculation speed and precision are ensured, and meanwhile, different response model equations are selected for dynamic response, so that the simulation accuracy of the dynamic response process is ensured; and then, for the complete simulation model, numerical simulation calculation is developed by introducing finite element analysis software, and the solution process is defined, so that comprehensive analysis is performed according to the simulation result, and the numerical simulation analysis of the downhole perforation dynamic impact process is effectively completed. In conclusion, according to the method, the data of the model is reasonably simplified according to the actual operation process, different grid divisions and material parameters are selected according to different material areas, so that local or overall dynamic data of different positions are formed, the finite element analysis is combined, the actual perforation dynamic impact process of the oil and gas well can be efficiently presented, an effective research means is provided for deeply researching the perforation dynamic problem of the oil and gas well, and the experiment cost is saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a simulation method for a dynamic impact process of oil and gas well perforation provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow diagram of a simplified downhole perforating system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of selecting a modeling starting point and material classification according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a process for building a three-dimensional computational model according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a simplified downhole perforating system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a process for building a grid computing model according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a grid computational model provided by the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic flow diagram of a comprehensive analysis provided by the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a cloud of perforation dynamic pressure profiles provided by the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graphical illustration of analytical data provided by the present invention incorporating dynamic mechanical data and a cloud map of perforation dynamic pressure profiles;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a simulation device for a perforation dynamic impact process of an oil and gas well provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for simulating a dynamic impact process of perforation of an oil and gas well, and when being seen in combination with fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the method for simulating the dynamic impact process of perforation of the oil and gas well, which comprises steps S1 to S6, wherein:
in step S1, acquiring actual perforation conditions of the downhole perforation system;
in step S2, simplifying the downhole perforation system according to the actual perforation condition;
in step S3, setting model parameters in the perforating process according to the simplified downhole perforating system, and establishing a three-dimensional calculation model;
in step S4, determining at least one material region of the three-dimensional computational model according to the model parameters, and determining a corresponding description algorithm for mesh division according to the at least one material region to form a mesh computational model;
in step S5, according to the grid calculation model, for at least one material region, different response model equations are selected for dynamic response to form a complete simulation model;
in step S6, according to the complete simulation model, the values in the finite element analysis model are imported to perform simulation operation, and the simulation operation result is subjected to comprehensive analysis.
In the embodiment of the invention, firstly, the physical process of perforation is comprehensively and correctly known according to the actual perforation operation working condition of the oil-gas well, and reasonable assumption is made to simplify the complicated and changeable perforation dynamic explosion problem; then, based on the simplified underground perforation system, setting corresponding model parameters (such as perforation equipment parameters, pipe column dimensions and operation environment parameters) according to the actual working scene of a site, and effectively creating a three-dimensional calculation model; then, based on the established three-dimensional calculation model, for different material areas, different algorithms are adopted to establish a grid model corresponding to the perforation process, the calculation speed and precision are ensured, and meanwhile, different response model equations are selected for dynamic response, so that the simulation accuracy of the dynamic response process is ensured; and then, for the complete simulation model, numerical simulation calculation is developed by introducing finite element analysis software, and the solution process is defined, so that comprehensive analysis is performed according to the simulation result, and the numerical simulation analysis of the downhole perforation dynamic impact process is effectively completed.
Preferably, referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the simplified downhole perforation system provided by the present invention, and the step S2 includes steps S21 to S22, wherein:
in step S21, according to the actual perforation condition, a perforation physical process is established;
in step S22, a modeling starting point and a material classification are selected according to the physical process of perforation and a preset focus condition.
As a specific embodiment, according to the actual perforation working condition, the embodiment of the invention fully understands the whole phenomenon generation process, makes reasonable assumptions and appropriately simplifies the problems, establishes the physical perforation process of a simulation site, and pertinently extracts the focus conditions (focus in the field operation process) in the underground perforation system so as to simplify the model and perform the next step of simulation calculation analysis.
It should be noted that the perforation problem of the oil and gas well is often complicated and changeable, the actual perforation process on site includes various complex physical and chemical changes, when analyzing such engineering problems, the whole phenomenon occurrence process needs to be fully known, reasonable assumptions are made, the focus of attention on the operation process is judged, the problems are properly simplified, and the rapidness and accuracy of simulation are ensured.
Preferably, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a selected modeling starting point and a material classification provided by the present invention, where the step S22 includes steps S221 to S222, where:
in step S221, according to the perforation physical process and the focus conditions, a perforation tubular column and a packer of the underground perforation system are selected as a modeling starting point;
in step S222, the string structure and string components of the downhole perforation system are used as isotropic string materials, and the cement or reservoir of the downhole perforation system is used as isotropic materials, according to the perforation physical process and the focused conditions.
As a specific embodiment, the embodiment of the invention determines a modeling starting point based on a perforation physical process and an attention key condition so as to facilitate the accuracy of subsequent model establishment, and simultaneously distinguishes isotropic tubular column materials and isotropic materials based on the material characteristics of different parts, thereby effectively feeding back different compositions of the materials.
It should be noted that the downhole perforating system is made up of many components, including perforating guns, safety guns, firing heads, tubing, various joints, shock absorbers, packers, etc. In contrast, the wall thickness of the joint and the shock absorber is large, the yield strength is high, the yield strength of materials of the oil pipe and the packer is low, safety problems are prone to occurring, and meanwhile, based on the important point of field attention, the response of the pipe column and the packer under the action of perforation explosion impact is the starting point of numerical modeling. Although the underground perforation system has a complex structure, all the components are connected in series into a whole through connectors such as joints and the like, and the underground perforation system can be regarded as a complete perforation tubular column structure body. Assuming that the tubular string structure and components on the perforating system are isotropic tubular string materials, the heterogeneity of the cement or reservoir is ignored and considered to be isotropic materials.
Preferably, the three-dimensional calculation model includes an oil pipe section, a perforation section and a bottom pocket section, the model parameters include equipment parameters, pipe string dimensions, operation environment parameters and modeling material parameters, and referring to fig. 4, fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of the method for establishing the three-dimensional calculation model provided by the present invention, and the step S3 includes steps S31 to S32, where:
in step S31, determining equipment parameters of the perforating section, a tubular column size of the oil pipe section, and operational environment parameters according to the simplified downhole perforating system and the actual operation site;
in step S32, modeling material parameters of the tubing section and the perforation section are determined based on the simplified downhole perforation system and the actual job site.
As a specific embodiment, the embodiment of the invention determines different model parameters according to the simplified downhole perforation system, and combines various factors such as equipment, size, environment, materials and the like, so as to effectively establish a complete simulation model.
Preferably, referring to fig. 5, fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a simplified downhole perforation system provided by the present invention, wherein the at least one material region comprises a perforating gun hole, casing, tubing, perforating fluid, perforating charges, air, cement sheath and formation rock, wherein the tubing section comprises casing and tubing, the perforating section comprises a perforating gun hole, perforating fluid and perforating charges, and the bottom hole pocket section comprises a cement sheath and formation rock. As a specific embodiment, the simplified underground perforation system provided by the embodiment of the invention fully simulates the whole perforation working condition, reasonably simplifies the simulation working condition and ensures the rapidity and the high efficiency of simulation analysis.
It should be noted that, based on the field oil pipe transportation perforation process and the matching standard, the underground perforation system is reasonably simplified, and the underground perforation system is divided into an oil pipe section, a perforation section and a bottom pocket section and consists of a perforation gun, an oil pipe, shaft liquid, a casing and a reservoir. The multiple-emission-hole charge is distributed in the perforating gun in a certain phase, the residual space in the gun is filled with air, and the oil sleeve annular space and the inside of the gun are filled with shaft liquid. The top of the perforating string is restricted by a packer, the bottom of the perforating string is restricted by a well bottom, and the periphery of the perforating string is restricted by a casing. Based on the simplified underground perforation system, a three-dimensional calculation model of underground perforation is created by adopting modeling software according to the on-site actual perforation equipment parameters, the pipe column size and the operating environment parameters.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, for the gun holes, the casing and the oil pipe, the steel material of the gun is 32 CrMo4, and the steel material of the oil pipe and the casing is steel grade N80, and the specific modeling parameters are shown in the following table 1 by referring to API standards:
TABLE 1
| Component part | Length/(m) | Density/(g cm-3) | Size (mm) | Yield strength (MPa) | Modulus of elasticity (GPa) | Poisson |
| Oil pipe | ||||||
| 20 | 7800 | 73.02/62.00 | 536 | 206 | 0.3 | |
| Sleeve pipe | 35 | 7800 | 244.40/220.50 | 460 | 206 | 0.25 |
| Perforation gun | 9 | - | 177.80/152.53 | 550 | 206 | 0.3 |
Preferably, referring to fig. 6, fig. 6 is a schematic flowchart of the process of establishing the grid computing model provided by the present invention, where the step S4 includes steps S41 to S42, where:
in step S41, a lagrangian algorithm is used to establish a mesh model for the perforating gun, the oil pipe and the casing;
in step S42, a mesh model is established for the perforating charges, air, and perforating fluid using the euler algorithm; the three-dimensional calculation model adopts hexahedral meshes, and meshes of areas corresponding to the perforating ammunition are encrypted.
As a specific embodiment, the embodiment of the invention adopts a self-adaptive grid method, continuously and automatically adjusts the grids in the calculation process in different material areas, and combines the characteristics of the different material areas to form a complete simulation model, thereby realizing high precision and high efficiency of calculation.
It should be noted that, the downhole perforation explosion process belongs to the fluid dynamics problem, and the self-adaptive grid method is adopted to continuously and automatically adjust the grid in the calculation process in different areas, such as the thinning of a large deformation area, the thinning of a gentle area and the like, so as to ensure the high precision and the high efficiency of the calculation.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the modeling material comprises perforating bullets, air, perforating guns, perforating fluid, oil pipes, casings and strata, wherein the perforating guns, the oil pipes and the casings adopt Lagrange's algorithm to establish a grid model; and (4) establishing a grid model by using the perforating charges, air and liquid by adopting an Euler algorithm. As the perforation explosion has the highly nonlinear property, the model integrally adopts hexahedral meshes, and the meshes of the charge areas are encrypted. The key point in the division of the model mesh is established in the fluid area mesh, and the effective transmission of the calculation process is ensured by adopting the common node on different area interfaces.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 7, fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a grid computational model provided by the present invention, where the size of the grid directly affects the numerical simulation computation speed and precision, and after multiple trial computations, the average distance of the model grid is between 2.5mm and 3.5mm, and the model contains about 160 ten thousand nodes and 150 ten thousand units.
Preferably, the step S4 further includes: and describing the large deformation problem in the perforation explosion process by adopting an ALE algorithm, and accurately describing the fluid-solid coupling phenomenon in the calculation process. As a specific embodiment, the embodiment of the invention can accurately describe the fluid-solid coupling phenomenon in the calculation process by describing the large deformation problem in the perforation explosion process by adopting an ALE (orbit Lagrange-Euler) algorithm.
Preferably, the step S5 specifically includes:
the perforating EXPLOSIVE adopts a HIGH _ EXPLOSIVE _ BURN material model, and an JWL state equation is applied to describe a corresponding dynamic response process;
the perforating fluid adopts an MAT _ NULL material model, and a Gruneisen state equation is applied to describe a corresponding dynamic response process;
the perforating gun, the oil pipe and the casing adopt a Cowper-Symonds material model;
the cement sheath and the formation rock are modeled by Holmquist-Johnson-Cook materials.
As a specific embodiment, the embodiment of the invention selects different material models for different material areas to establish, and simultaneously utilizes different state equations to accurately describe the dynamic response processes of the different material areas, thereby achieving the purpose of high-efficiency and accurate simulation.
It should be noted that the HIGH _ explicit _ BURN material model, the MAT _ NULL material model, the Cowper-symands material model and the Holmquist-Johnson-Cook material model are all optimal choices, and the characteristics of different material regions are combined. Dynamic response processes exist between the perforating explosive and the perforating fluid, so that different state equations are selected for description by combining the dynamic characteristics of the perforating explosive and the perforating fluid.
Preferably, referring to fig. 8, fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of comprehensive analysis provided by the present invention, and the step S6 includes steps S61 to S63, where:
in step S61, according to the finite element model in the k file form, defining the initiation point and initiation time of the explosive, fluid-solid coupling, grid cell algorithm, calculation time and time step by using keywords, respectively, to perform simulation operation;
in step S62, drawing a cloud map of perforation dynamic pressure distribution corresponding to different time and different positions according to the simulation operation result;
in step S63, corresponding dynamic mechanical data are extracted according to the set structural blocks, units or nodes, and the perforation dynamic impact process of the oil and gas well is comprehensively simulated and analyzed in combination with the perforation dynamic pressure distribution cloud chart.
As a specific embodiment, the embodiment of the invention defines the initiation point and initiation time of explosive, the mutual flowing between material grids in a fluid region, fluid-solid coupling contact, a grid unit algorithm, calculation time and time steps by using finite element analysis software so as to simulate the whole oil-gas well perforation dynamic impact process, and analyzes the oil-gas well perforation dynamic impact process in detail and completely by using a simulation result and combining dynamic mechanical data and a perforation dynamic pressure distribution cloud map, thereby greatly reducing the experiment cost.
In one embodiment of the present invention, and with reference to FIG. 9, FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of a perforating dynamic pressure profile provided by the present invention, wherein the annular fluid pressure in the wellbore during the perforating process forms a profile in cm-g- μ s and the pressure is 105 MPa.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 10, fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of analysis data combining dynamic mechanical data and a perforation dynamic pressure distribution cloud provided by the present invention, wherein the dynamic mechanical data can be extracted according to a structural block, a unit or a node, and the complete analysis data is formed by combining the perforation dynamic pressure distribution cloud, so as to complete the simulation analysis of the perforation dynamic impact process of the oil and gas well.
Example 2
An embodiment of the present invention provides a simulation apparatus for a perforation dynamic impact process of an oil and gas well, and when it is seen in fig. 11, fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of the simulation apparatus for a perforation dynamic impact process of an oil and gas well provided by the present invention, where the simulation apparatus 1100 for a perforation dynamic impact process of an oil and gas well includes:
the acquiring unit 1101 is used for acquiring the actual perforation condition of the downhole perforation system;
the processing unit 1102 is used for simplifying the underground perforating system according to the actual perforating working condition; the system is also used for setting model parameters in the perforating process according to the simplified underground perforating system and establishing a three-dimensional calculation model; the three-dimensional calculation model is also used for determining at least one material area of the three-dimensional calculation model according to the model parameters, and determining a corresponding description algorithm for grid division according to the at least one material area to form a grid calculation model; the system is also used for selecting different response model equations to perform dynamic response aiming at least one material area according to the grid calculation model to form a complete simulation model;
and the analysis unit 1103 is configured to import the numerical values in the finite element analysis model according to the complete simulation model to perform simulation operation, and perform comprehensive analysis on a simulation operation result.
The invention discloses a method and a device for simulating a perforation dynamic impact process of an oil and gas well, which firstly comprehensively and correctly know the physical process of perforation according to the actual perforation operation working condition of the oil and gas well, and make reasonable assumptions to simplify the complicated and changeable perforation dynamic explosion problem; then, based on the simplified underground perforation system, setting corresponding model parameters (such as perforation equipment parameters, pipe column dimensions and operation environment parameters) according to the actual working scene of a site, and effectively creating a three-dimensional calculation model; then, based on the established three-dimensional calculation model, for different material areas, different algorithms are adopted to establish a grid model corresponding to the perforation process, the calculation speed and precision are ensured, and meanwhile, different response model equations are selected for dynamic response, so that the simulation accuracy of the dynamic response process is ensured; and then, for the complete simulation model, numerical simulation calculation is developed by introducing finite element analysis software, and the solution process is defined, so that comprehensive analysis is performed according to the simulation result, and the numerical simulation analysis of the downhole perforation dynamic impact process is effectively completed.
According to the technical scheme, data of the model are reasonably simplified, different grid divisions and material parameters are selected according to different material areas, local or overall dynamic data of different positions are formed, and the dynamic impact process of actual perforation of the oil and gas well can be efficiently presented by combining finite element analysis, so that an effective research means is provided for deeply researching the dynamic problem of perforation of the oil and gas well, and the experiment cost is saved.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A simulation method for a perforation dynamic impact process of an oil and gas well is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring the actual perforation working condition of the underground perforation system;
simplifying the underground perforating system according to the actual perforating working condition;
setting model parameters in a perforating process according to the simplified underground perforating system, and establishing a three-dimensional calculation model;
determining at least one material area of the three-dimensional calculation model according to the model parameters, and determining a corresponding description algorithm for grid division according to the at least one material area to form a grid calculation model;
according to the grid computing model, aiming at the at least one material area, selecting different response model equations for dynamic response to form a complete simulation model;
and according to the complete simulation model, importing numerical values in a finite element analysis model to carry out simulation operation, and carrying out comprehensive analysis on simulation operation results.
2. The method for simulating the dynamic percussion process of perforation in an oil and gas well according to claim 1, wherein the simplifying the downhole perforation system according to the actual perforation conditions comprises:
establishing a perforation physical process according to the actual perforation working condition;
and selecting a modeling starting point and material classification according to the perforation physical process and preset focus conditions.
3. The method for simulating the perforation dynamic impact process of the oil and gas well as claimed in claim 2, wherein the selecting a modeling starting point and a material classification according to the perforation physical process and a preset focus condition comprises:
selecting a perforating pipe column and a packer of the underground perforating system as the modeling starting point according to the perforating physical process and the focus condition;
and according to the perforation physical process and the key conditions of interest, taking the tubular column structure and the tubular column components of the downhole perforation system as isotropic tubular column materials, and taking cement or reservoir of the downhole perforation system as isotropic materials.
4. The method for simulating the dynamic percussion process of perforation in an oil and gas well according to claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional calculation model comprises an oil pipe section, a perforation section and a bottom pocket section, the model parameters comprise equipment parameters, pipe column dimensions, operating environment parameters and modeling material parameters, the setting of the model parameters in the perforation process according to the simplified downhole perforation system comprises the following steps:
determining the equipment parameters of the perforation section, the pipe column size of the oil pipe section and the operating environment parameters according to the simplified underground perforation system and an actual operating site;
and determining the modeling material parameters of the oil pipe section and the perforation section according to the simplified underground perforation system and the actual operation field.
5. The method of simulating an oil and gas well perforation dynamic ranging process according to claim 4, wherein said at least one material zone comprises a perforating gun hole, casing, tubing, perforating fluid, perforating charges, air, cement sheath and formation rock, wherein said tubing segment comprises said casing, said tubing, said perforating segment comprises said perforating gun hole, said perforating fluid and said perforating charges, and said bottom hole pocket segment comprises cement sheath and formation rock.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein determining a corresponding description algorithm for gridding based on the at least one material region to form a gridding computation model comprises:
establishing a grid model by adopting a Lagrange algorithm aiming at the perforating gun, the oil pipe and the casing;
establishing a grid model by using an Euler algorithm aiming at the perforating charges, the air and the perforating liquid;
and the three-dimensional calculation model adopts hexahedral meshes, and meshes of the regions corresponding to the perforating charges are encrypted.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein determining a corresponding description algorithm for gridding based on the at least one material region, forming a gridding computation model further comprises: and describing the large deformation problem in the perforation explosion process by adopting an ALE algorithm, and accurately describing the fluid-solid coupling phenomenon in the calculation process.
8. The method for simulating an oil and gas well perforation dynamic impact process according to claim 5, wherein the selecting different response model equations for dynamic response according to the grid computing model for the at least one material region to form a complete simulation model comprises:
the perforating EXPLOSIVE adopts a HIGH _ EXPLOSIVE _ BURN material model, and a corresponding dynamic response process is described by applying JWL state equations;
the perforating fluid adopts an MAT _ NULL material model, and a Gruneisen state equation is applied to describe a corresponding dynamic response process;
the perforating gun, the oil pipe and the casing adopt a Cowper-Symonds material model;
the cement sheath and the stratum rock adopt a Holmquist-Johnson-Cook material model.
9. The method for simulating the perforation dynamic impact process of the oil and gas well as claimed in claim 8, wherein the step of importing the numerical values in the finite element analysis model for simulation operation according to the complete simulation model, and the step of performing comprehensive analysis on the simulation operation result comprises the steps of:
according to the finite element model in the k file form, respectively adopting keywords to define an explosive initiation point and explosive initiation time, fluid-solid coupling, a grid unit algorithm, calculation time and a time step so as to perform simulation operation;
drawing perforation dynamic pressure distribution cloud pictures corresponding to different moments and different positions according to the simulation operation result;
and extracting corresponding dynamic mechanical data according to the set structural blocks, units or nodes, and comprehensively simulating and analyzing the dynamic perforation impact process of the oil and gas well by combining the dynamic perforation pressure distribution cloud chart.
10. A simulation device for dynamic impact process of oil and gas well perforation is characterized by comprising the following components:
the acquiring unit is used for acquiring the actual perforation working condition of the underground perforation system;
the processing unit is used for simplifying the underground perforating system according to the actual perforating working condition; the system is also used for setting model parameters in the perforating process according to the simplified underground perforating system and establishing a three-dimensional calculation model; the three-dimensional calculation model is also used for determining at least one material area of the three-dimensional calculation model according to the model parameters, and determining a corresponding description algorithm for grid division according to the at least one material area to form a grid calculation model; the system is also used for selecting different response model equations to perform dynamic response aiming at the at least one material area according to the grid computing model to form a complete simulation model;
and the analysis unit is used for importing numerical values in the finite element analysis model according to the complete simulation model so as to carry out simulation operation and carrying out comprehensive analysis on simulation operation results.
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| CN113742965A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-12-03 | 长江大学 | Method and device for determining vulnerable part of oil pipe and storage medium |
| CN113761766A (en) * | 2021-08-20 | 2021-12-07 | 长江大学 | Method and device for predicting residual energy of perforation explosion and storage medium |
| CN113742966A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2021-12-03 | 长江大学 | Method for determining primary and secondary relationships of perforation impact load influence factors |
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