CN112926029A - Residential area identification and division method for rural domestic sewage treatment - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a residential area identification and division method for rural domestic sewage treatment, which mainly comprises the steps of collecting national geographic data, geographic spatial data cloud data, rural population data and remote sensing image data, processing the national geographic data by ArcGIS software to obtain matched administrative boundaries (villages, towns, district counties and cities) and rural residential area distribution, generating DEM data and topographic data through the geographic spatial data cloud data, further coupling the DEM data, the topographic and topographic data and the rural population data, establishing a spatial corresponding relationship between rural residential areas and environmental sensitive areas, verifying results by using remote sensing images and adopting a field verification mode, and finally obtaining the distribution conditions of the residential areas in different rural areas. The invention scientifically and efficiently identifies the spatial distribution characteristics of the rural residential area, can support the rural domestic sewage treatment and serve the improvement of the quality of the rural living environment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of rural environment management, and particularly relates to a method for identifying and dividing rural residential areas.
Background
In recent years, the rural economic level of China is remarkably improved, but the problem caused by the uncoordinated rural economic development and environmental construction is gradually obvious, wherein the problem of water environment pollution is the most serious. Therefore, developing rural domestic sewage treatment, comprehensively improving the quality of rural water environment, improving rural living environment, and actively exploring a reasonable and effective rural domestic sewage treatment mode becomes an urgent task.
The rural residential points refer to all residential points except cities, villages and towns, and are the living places for production and life of farmers. The rural residential area is a rural living mode, a service management mode and an industrial pattern formed by peasant production and living communities formed by natural or unified planning and assembly of a plurality of residential points.
The treatment of rural domestic sewage is closely related to the distribution states (aggregation degree, position, terrain and the like) of rural residential areas and residential areas, the distribution states are different, the domestic sewage treatment modes are different, the aggregation degree is high, the population scale is large, the residential area domestic sewage in an environment-sensitive area has large influence on the environment, strict treatment measures need to be taken, the distribution is relatively dispersed, the population is small, the environmental influence of the residential area domestic sewage in a general area is relatively small, and the treatment measures are relatively simple. Therefore, the rural domestic sewage is classified and treated according to different distribution states of the residential areas, and different treatment modes are adopted, so that the residential areas are accurately identified and divided, the spatial distribution characteristics of the residential areas are identified, and the method has great significance for effectively treating the rural domestic sewage.
The traditional residential area identification method is mainly determined through manual research, can accurately determine the geographic position, population scale and other conditions of a certain residential area, but is time-consuming and labor-consuming, is greatly influenced by subjective factors, and often causes obvious result difference. At present, a large number of scholars efficiently identify residential areas through a quantitative remote sensing method, the method can effectively identify cities and township residential areas in a large range, but due to the fact that vegetation coverage of vast rural areas is high, terrain conditions are complex, distribution of residential points is dispersed, and quantitative remote sensing is not suitable for rural residential point identification to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for identifying and dividing a residential area for rural domestic sewage treatment aiming at the defects of the prior art, which is used for establishing a spatial relationship between rural residential points and a rural residential area and an environment-sensitive area according to different terrains and landforms and by combining the distribution situation of the rural residential points, scientifically and efficiently identifying the spatial distribution characteristics of the rural residential area so as to support the rural domestic sewage treatment and serve the improvement of the quality of rural residential environment.
According to the method, homeland geographic data, geographic space data cloud data, rural population data and remote sensing image data are collected, the homeland geographic data are processed by GIS software to obtain matched administrative boundaries (villages, towns, counties and cities) and rural residential point distribution, DEM data and topographic data are generated through the geographic space data cloud data, the DEM data, topographic and topographic data and rural population data are coupled, a spatial corresponding relation between the rural residential points, rural residential areas and environment sensitive areas is established, results are verified in a remote sensing image and field local investigation mode, and distribution conditions of the residential areas in different rural areas are finally obtained.
The invention provides a rural residential area determining method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing basic data: the system comprises latest homeland geographic data, geospatial data cloud data, rural population data and remote sensing image data; the basic data is mainly used for ownership of residential points and is used as a data basis of subsequent steps;
(2) acquiring rural residential point distribution pattern spot data: integrating according to an administrative level catalog by taking a GIS as a platform and taking a village administrative boundary as a reference based on the territorial geographic data to form an administrative boundary map layer of the area for classified statistics; extracting 'village' land types in the homeland geographic data independently, wherein the data are rural residential area distribution pattern spot data (basic unit data of rural residential areas); according to the matched administrative boundary, attaching field attributes of administrative divisions (villages, towns, prefectures and cities) to all residential points through a GIS (geographic information system) space link functional module;
(3) optimizing rural residential area distribution pattern spot data: combining the broken and connected rural resident dot patterns in the same administrative region, and giving administrative division basic attributes;
(4) calculating the number of households in the pattern spot of a single residential point in the countryside: calculating to obtain the area of the image spot of a single rural residential point by using a GIS platform through a GIS 'spatial calculation' functional module, counting the total area of the image spot of the single rural residential point in a certain area according to the administrative division attributes of the residential points in the step (2), calculating the area of the image spot occupied by each rural household in the certain area according to the number of the corresponding administrative area on the counting yearbook, and further obtaining the number of the image spot of the single rural residential point in the certain area, wherein the formula is as follows:
(5) acquiring topographic and geomorphic data: the method comprises the steps that as the landform is one of main factors influencing rural residential point distribution, the distribution state of a residential area is further caused, the landform data needs to be acquired, the residential area is divided by referring to the landform characteristics, DEM data is acquired, the landform data is generated, and the distribution characteristics of rural residential points on different landforms are acquired;
(6) dividing an environment sensitive area: setting an environment sensitive area dividing basis, dividing an environment sensitive area and a general area, and identifying residential points in the corresponding area respectively;
(7) dividing a gathering area: setting a single residential area identification and division basis, carrying out residential area division on rural residential point pattern spot data, classifying the identified and divided residential areas according to an environment-sensitive area and a general area, and classifying the environmental-sensitive area and the residential areas in the general area according to the landform type;
(8) verification of a demarcated result: and qualitatively judging whether the identified partial residential areas accurately and reasonably reflect the state distribution of the real rural residential areas by using remote sensing image data and adopting a field verification mode.
In the method, the land geographic data in the step (1) is obtained from a national land survey result. And the national geographic data is used for extracting rural residential distribution pattern spot data. The rural residential point distribution pattern spot data mainly relates to the area and aggregation relation of residential point pattern spots and is a main basis for identifying and dividing residential areas.
Further, the DEM data is acquired by using the 30-meter digital elevation data of the geospatial data cloud in the step (5).
In the method, the environmental sensitive areas in the step (6) include, but are not limited to, drinking water source area protection areas, important river coasts and natural protection areas, and the environmental sensitive areas are divided according to the division that areas of 0.1-1 km on two sides of the important rivers, drinking water source area protection areas and natural protection areas are divided into the environmental sensitive areas.
In the method, the identification and division basis of the single residential area in the step (7) is that all the residential point patches with the distance of more than 15 households and no more than 50 meters between any two residential point patches are identified as one residential area on the principle that the basic administrative unit of the administrative village is not broken. Specifically, in the GIS, rural residential point pattern spots larger than 15 households are extracted, the distance between any two residential point pattern spots is calculated, and all residential point pattern spots with the distance between more than 15 households and no more than 50 meters between any two residential point pattern spots are identified as a residential area according to the principle that the boundary of a village-level administrative village is not broken.
In the above method, the remote sensing image data and the on-site verification in the step (8) are used for verifying the actual distribution condition of the residential site and the identification result of the residential area, and the remote sensing image data is the latest data of more than 16 levels in recent two years. The remote sensing image data can be directly obtained from Google earth, heaven and earth maps and the like.
In the method, the residential points of part of the pattern spots are changed due to the imperfect national and geographic data, new rural construction, resident relocation and the like, and the division result is further optimized through artificial adjustment, wherein the adjustment method comprises the following steps:
the actual number of the residents in some defined pattern spot residential areas is less than 15 households and needs to be deleted, and the main reason is that the original data deviation is caused by overlarge area of the pattern spots of the residents with less number of households.
And secondly, for a certain identified residential area, the residential area is located in different administrative villages, the residential area is split according to the principle that the administrative boundary of the village level is not broken, the split residential area is still used as the residential area according to the division basis of the residential area, and the residential area is not divided into the residential areas on the contrary.
The residence division method can be applied to the compilation work of rural domestic sewage treatment related planning, feasibility research reports, implementation schemes and the like.
The rural domestic sewage treatment method based on the residential area division method provided by the invention is characterized in that the rural residential areas obtained by division according to the method are treated in a centralized manner, the domestic sewage treatment method mainly comprises three manners of bringing the domestic sewage into a town pipe network or building a centralized integrated domestic sewage treatment facility or recycling, the domestic sewage treatment method adopts a decentralized manner for treating the domestic sewage of rural residential points in non-residential areas, and the domestic sewage is consumed in a recycling manner.
The sewage treatment method further treats the living sewage of the residential area in the range of the environment-sensitive area by adopting two modes of bringing the living sewage into a town pipe network or building a centralized integrated living sewage treatment facility. The domestic sewage in the residential area of the general area can be treated by a town pipe network or a centralized integrated facility, and can be consumed in a resource utilization mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a scientific and effective identification and division system for rural residential areas and environment sensitive areas, and the system has the advantages of high efficiency, accuracy, practicality, convenience, strong operability and the like, has real and reliable data sources, and can further optimize along with data updating.
2. In the method, the spatial identification of the rural residential area and the environmental sensitive area improves the rural domestic sewage treatment from a universal problem to the point of one-by-one accurate treatment, and can more scientifically and reasonably develop the rural domestic sewage treatment from the spatial aspect.
3. The method realizes scientific identification of the rural residential area and the environment sensitive area, establishes a spatial relationship between a residential point, the rural residential area and the environment sensitive area, and can be used for supporting rural domestic sewage treatment and serving improvement of rural residential environment quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the results of the data processing of the territorial and local geography (a is the administrative boundary at the county level in a certain city, b is the administrative boundary at the township level in the E county in a certain city, and c is the administrative boundary at the E county in a certain city and the spot of the residential site in the county);
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of spot data optimization of residents in E county E8 village in a certain city;
FIG. 3 is a graph of spot number of residential units in E county E8 village in a certain city;
FIG. 4 is a topographic map of the area where E8 village is located in E county of a certain city;
FIG. 5 shows the identification result of environmental sensitive areas in E county E8 village in a certain city;
FIG. 6 shows the identification result of residential areas of E county E8 villages in a certain city;
FIG. 7 is the verification of the identification and division results of residential areas of residents in E county E8 village in a certain city;
FIG. 8 is a technical route for treating rural domestic sewage in E county of a certain city.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make some insubstantial modifications and adjustments to the present invention based on the above disclosure and still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
In this embodiment, identifying and dividing rural residential areas in E county of a certain city:
(1) and preparing basic data. The main data used are: the system comprises homeland geographic data, geospatial data cloud data, rural village population data and remote sensing image data. The country geographic data are from the latest national land survey data and are mainly used for acquiring rural residential site distribution and making matched rural (town) -village administrative boundaries; acquiring DEM data by utilizing 30-meter digital elevation data of the geographic space data cloud data, further generating topographic and geomorphic data, and acquiring distribution characteristics of rural residential sites on different topographic and geomorphic conditions such as a valley, a mountain land and the like; the rural population data comes from a statistical yearbook; remote sensing image data (more than 16 levels in recent two years) come from image tools such as google earth and sky maps and are used for verifying the result check of the divided residential areas.
TABLE 1 basic data sheet
(2) Acquiring rural residential point distribution pattern spot data: integrating the administrative boundaries of villages (towns) -villages according to the administrative level catalog of the villages (towns) -villages by taking ArcGIS as a platform based on the territorial geographic data to form a township-village administrative boundary map layer of E county for classification and statistics; extracting 'village' land types in the homeland geographic data independently, wherein the data is rural residential area distribution pattern spot data (basic unit data of rural residential areas in the homeland geographic data); according to the matched administrative boundary of the village (town) -village, attaching the administrative division field attribute of the village (town) to each resident point through an ArcGIS 'spatial link' functional module;
(3) optimizing rural residential area distribution pattern spot data: combining broken and connected rural resident point patterns in the same village (town) or village, and giving administrative division basic attributes;
(4) calculating the number of households in the pattern spot of a single residential point in the countryside: calculating to obtain the area of the map spot of a single rural residential point by using an ArcGIS platform through a 'spatial calculation' functional module of the ArcGIS, counting the total area of the map spot of the single rural residential point in the E county according to the administrative region attribute of each residential point in the step (2), calculating the area of the map spot occupied by each rural household in the E county according to the number of the corresponding administrative region on the statistical yearbook, and dividing the area of each map spot by the area of the map spot occupied by each household to obtain the number of the corresponding household of the map spot of each rural residential point in the E county. The formula is as follows:
(5) acquiring topographic and geomorphic data: the method comprises the steps that as the landform is one of main factors influencing rural residential site distribution, the distribution state of a residential area is further caused, the landform data needs to be acquired, the residential area is divided by referring to the landform characteristics, the DEM data is acquired by utilizing the 30-meter digital elevation data of geographic space data cloud, the landform data is generated, and the distribution characteristics of rural residential sites on different landforms such as river valleys, mountains and the like are acquired;
(6) dividing an environment sensitive area: dividing the ranges of 0.5km of two sides of an important river in E county, a drinking water source area protection area and a natural protection area into environment sensitive areas, and identifying residential points in the corresponding areas respectively when other areas are general areas;
(7) dividing a gathering area: according to a residential district identification basis of ' identifying all residential point spots with a distance between more than 30 households and no more than 50 meters between any two residential point spots as a residential district ' on the basis of not breaking village administrative districts ', identifying and dividing rural residential district in E county, classifying the identified residential districts according to environment-sensitive areas and general areas, and then dividing the residential districts in the environment-sensitive areas and the general areas into river valley types and mountain land types according to landforms and landforms;
(8) and verifying the division result: as shown in fig. 7, the white frame line area in the drawing is the identified area of residence, and the field location is navigated to according to the longitude and latitude coordinates obtained in the process of identifying the area of residence. Therefore, the result obtained by the rural residential area identification and division method is consistent with the actual situation.
And (4) dividing the result: in a rural residential site in E county of a certain city, 469 households are located in a valley type residential site of a drinking water source protection area, 845 households are located in a mountain type residential site, and 5 residential sites (273 households) are located in more than 30 households in the valley type residential site. 1670 households are located in valley type residential areas located in the range of 0.5km on two sides of the important river, 1603 households are located in mountain type residential areas, and 12 residential areas (1193 households) are located in more than 30 households in the valley type residential areas. 490 households are located in valley type residents in the natural conservation area, 461 households are located in mountain type residents, and 5 (277 households) are located in more than 30 households in the valley type residents. The other general areas are 1361 households in valley type residential areas and 2474 households in mountain land type residential areas, wherein 15 (959) residential areas are located in more than 30 households in the valley type residential areas.
TABLE 2 identification and division results of E county rural residential areas in a certain city
According to the identification and division results of the residential areas, the rural domestic sewage of the residential area in E county is treated in a centralized mode, and the rural domestic sewage of the non-residential area is treated in a decentralized mode. For the river valley type residential area domestic sewage in the range of an environment sensitive area (0.5 km on both sides of an important river, a drinking water source area protection area and a natural protection area), the treatment is carried out by adopting a mode of bringing the domestic sewage into a town pipe network or building a centralized domestic sewage treatment facility. The domestic sewage of the river valley type residential area in the general area can be absorbed in a resource utilization mode besides being brought into a town pipe network or building a centralized integrated facility. And the domestic sewage of the rural residential sites of the rest non-residential areas is consumed by resource utilization.
In this embodiment, E county is the qiang nationality area of zang nationality, the residential area division is only for river valley type large-scale residential areas, and considering factors such as few mountain land type residential areas, decentralized residence, and living water habits of national areas, the amount of domestic sewage in rural areas is small, and decentralized mode treatment is adopted during sewage treatment, and the sewage is consumed in a resource utilization mode, so the residential area division is not performed, but for some rural areas with better economic conditions, if there are more mountain land type residential areas, residents are more concentrated, and the residential area division should be recognized.
Claims (8)
1. A method for identifying and dividing residential areas for rural domestic sewage treatment is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing basic data: the system comprises latest homeland geographic data, geospatial data cloud data, rural population data and remote sensing image data;
(2) acquiring rural residential point distribution pattern spot data: integrating according to an administrative level catalog by taking a GIS as a platform and a village administrative boundary as a reference based on the territorial geographic data to form an administrative boundary map layer of the area for classified statistics; extracting 'village' land types in the homeland geographic data independently, wherein the data are rural residential area distribution pattern spot data; according to the matched administrative boundary, attaching field attributes of administrative divisions (villages, towns, prefectures and cities) to all residential points through a GIS (geographic information system) space link functional module;
(3) optimizing rural residential area distribution pattern spot data: combining broken and connected rural residential point patterns in the same administrative area, and giving administrative division basic attributes;
(4) calculating the number of households in the pattern spot of a single residential point in the countryside: utilizing a GIS platform, calculating to obtain the area of the image spot of a single rural residential point through a GIS 'space calculation' functional module, calculating the total area of the image spot of the single rural residential point in a certain area according to the administrative division attribute of each residential point in the step (2), calculating the area of the image spot occupied by each rural household in the certain area according to the number of the corresponding administrative area on the statistical yearbook, and further obtaining the number of the image spot of the single rural residential point in the certain area, wherein the formula is as follows:
(5) acquiring topographic and geomorphic data: acquiring DEM data, generating topographic and geomorphic data, and acquiring distribution characteristics of rural residential points on different topographic and geomorphic data;
(6) dividing an environment sensitive area: setting an environment sensitive area dividing basis, dividing an environment sensitive area and a general area, and identifying residential points in the corresponding area respectively;
(7) dividing a gathering area: setting a single residential area identification and division basis, and dividing the residential area of rural residential point spot data; classifying the identified and divided habitation areas according to the environment sensitive areas and the general areas, and classifying the habitation areas in the environment sensitive areas and the general areas according to the types of landforms;
(8) verification of a demarcated result: and qualitatively judging whether the identified rural residential area accurately and reasonably reflects the real rural residential point distribution by using remote sensing image data and adopting a field verification mode.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the geo-national data in step (1) is obtained from a national land survey.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the DEM data is acquired in step (5) using 30 meters of digital elevation data of the geospatial data cloud.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the environmental sensitive area in step (6) includes but is not limited to a drinking water source area protection area, an important river bank, and a natural protection area, and the environmental sensitive area is divided by dividing the drinking water source area protection area, the natural protection area, and 0.1-1 km on both sides of the important river.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the identification and division of the single residential area in the step (7) is based on the principle that the basic administrative unit of the administrative village is not broken, and all the residential point patterns with the distance between any two residential point patterns of more than 15 households and no more than 50 meters are identified as one residential area.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the remote sensing image data in step (8) is latest data of more than 16 levels in recent two years.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the residential points of some of the pattern spots are changed due to the imperfection of the homeland geographic data, the construction of new rural areas, the relocation of residents and the like, and the division results are further optimized by artificial adjustment, wherein the adjustment method is as follows:
the actual number of the residents in some defined pattern spot residential areas is less than 15, and the pattern spots need to be deleted, which is mainly caused by the deviation of original data and the overlarge area of the pattern spots of the residents with less number of the residents.
And secondly, for a certain identified residential area, the residential area is located in different administrative villages, the residential area is split according to the principle that village-level administrative boundaries are not broken, and the split residential area is still used as the residential area according with the division basis of the residential area, otherwise, the residential area is not divided.
8. The rural domestic sewage treatment method based on the method of claim 1, characterized in that the rural residential areas divided according to the method of claim 1 are treated in a centralized manner, mainly comprising three manners of bringing the domestic sewage into a town pipe network or building a centralized integrated domestic sewage treatment facility or recycling, and the rural residential domestic sewage in the non-residential areas is treated in a decentralized manner and is consumed in a recycling manner.
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