CN112924487B - System for testing boiling heat exchange of two-phase flow in pipe and control method - Google Patents
System for testing boiling heat exchange of two-phase flow in pipe and control method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 230000009191 jumping Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 description 1
- AEDZKIACDBYJLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethane-1,2-diol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OCCO AEDZKIACDBYJLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchange tests, in particular to an in-tube two-phase flow boiling heat exchange test system and a control method. The device comprises a working medium pump, a mass flowmeter, a preheater, an experimental section, a second expansion valve, a condenser, a first liquid reservoir and a subcooler, wherein the first liquid reservoir, the subcooler and the condenser are all connected with a low-temperature cold source, and the device is characterized in that: the working medium pump and the mass flowmeter are connected through a pipeline, the working medium pump is connected with the mass flowmeter through a pipeline, and the working medium pump is connected with the mass flowmeter through a pipeline. According to the scheme, the influence of the flowing fluctuation of the working medium on the measurement precision of experimental parameters can be effectively reduced, the experimental test range can be enlarged, and the control precision of the working condition environment can be improved on the premise of the capability of the existing equipment components.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat exchange tests, in particular to an in-tube two-phase flow boiling heat exchange test system and a control method.
Background
The research on the flow boiling heat exchange characteristics of working media in various heat exchange tubes belongs to one of important basic researches, analyzes the influences of the structural parameters of the heat exchange tubes, the thermophysical characteristics of the working media and the like on the flow boiling heat exchange characteristics of the tubes, and has guiding significance on research and development of efficient heat exchangers, substitution of novel refrigerants and the like.
The accurate in-tube fluid boiling heat exchange experimental data is a precondition for carrying out mechanism research, so that a test platform is required to be built to simulate an experimental operation environment, and further, the research of in-tube fluid boiling heat exchange process is realized. In the experimental process, the mutual influence effects of parameters such as working medium flow, saturation pressure, dryness, heat flux density and the like are coordinated, and the mutual influence effects are very important for effective adjustment of a large testing range of a platform. In the prior art, the in-tube flow boiling heat exchange system mainly consists of three parts: the heat exchange tube test system is a core system, the working medium test requirements are met by adjusting the pump running frequency, the heating quantity of the heat exchanger, the opening degree of the expansion valve and the like in the heat exchange tube test system, the water circulation system is mainly used for exchanging heat with the working medium in an experimental section, and the ethylene glycol-water solution system is mainly used for providing low-temperature cold quantity so as to balance the heating quantity in other parts. In addition, in order to meet the low pressure requirement of boiling heat exchange, a bypass valve is arranged at the pump outlet, so that working medium flows from the pump outlet to the liquid reservoir, and the pressure reduction effect is achieved. Based on experimental debugging results, the system has larger limitation on the experimental working condition adjusting range except the defects of complex structure, huge system and the like: 1) The saturated pressure of the flowing boiling heat exchange is lower, working medium flow, dryness and other working conditions are positively correlated with the saturated pressure, and in order to meet the saturated pressure setting requirement, a larger capacity adjusting requirement is provided for equipment such as an expansion valve, a low-temperature cold source and the like; 2) The working medium is heated by using water in an experimental section, and the effective use range of the water is more than 0 DEG, namely, the adjusting range of the saturation pressure is indirectly reduced; 3) When the flow rate of the working medium is large, the depressurization effect of the bypass valve is lower than the flood discharge effect of the bypass valve, namely, when the saturation pressure reaches the set working condition, most working medium flows to the liquid reservoir through the bypass valve, so that the flow rate of the working medium is not increased along with the increase of the frequency of the pump.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the scheme not only can effectively reduce the influence of the flowing fluctuation of working media on the measurement precision of experimental parameters, but also can enlarge the experimental test range and improve the control precision of working condition environments on the premise of the capability of the existing equipment components.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides an intraductal two-phase flow boiling heat transfer test system, includes working medium pump, mass flowmeter, pre-heater, experimental section, second expansion valve, condenser, first reservoir and subcooler in proper order, low temperature cold source, its characterized in that are all connected to first reservoir, subcooler and condenser: the working medium pump and the mass flowmeter are connected through a pipeline, the working medium pump is connected with the mass flowmeter through a pipeline, and the working medium pump is connected with the mass flowmeter through a pipeline.
Preferably, the first liquid reservoir and the second liquid reservoir are provided with liquid viewing mirrors for observing liquid level, and the second liquid reservoir is also internally provided with an electric heater.
The in-tube two-phase flow boiling heat exchange test method comprises the following steps:
s1, starting the test system to work, continuously adjusting the opening of a second expansion valve, detecting the working medium pressure of an experimental section, if the working medium pressure of the experimental section is detected to reach the set saturation pressure before the opening of the second expansion valve reaches the set threshold value, jumping to a step S5, otherwise stopping adjusting the second expansion valve after the second expansion valve is adjusted to the threshold value opening, and jumping to the next step;
s2, continuously adjusting the opening degree of the first expansion valve, detecting the working medium pressure of the experimental section, if the working medium pressure of the experimental section is detected to reach the set saturation pressure before the opening degree of the first expansion valve reaches the set threshold value, jumping to the step S5, otherwise stopping adjusting the first expansion valve after the opening degree of the first expansion valve is adjusted to the threshold value, and jumping to the next step;
S3, continuously adjusting the flow and the temperature of the secondary refrigerant provided by the low-temperature cold source connected with the first liquid storage device, detecting the working medium pressure of the experimental section, if the working medium pressure of the experimental section reaches the set saturation pressure before the flow and the temperature of the secondary refrigerant reach the set threshold, jumping to the step S5, otherwise stopping adjusting the working condition of the secondary refrigerant after the flow and the temperature of the secondary refrigerant reach the set threshold, and jumping to the next step;
s4, opening a first ball valve, adjusting the working medium storage amount in the first liquid storage device, detecting the working medium pressure of the experimental section at the same time, if the working medium storage amount in the first liquid storage device reaches the set threshold value, detecting that the working medium pressure of the experimental section reaches the set saturation pressure, jumping to the step S5, otherwise, closing the first ball valve, and then judging that the test system cannot meet the test requirement of the set working condition;
s5, running the experiment, collecting data, and ending the experiment.
Preferably, the working medium pressure in the experimental section is the average value of the pressure value P4 before the experimental section and the pressure value P5 after the experimental section.
Preferably, after the set saturation pressure is reached through the adjustment of the steps S2, S3 and S4, the second expansion valve is controlled to be regulated back, so that the difference between the detected working medium pressure of the experimental section and the set saturation pressure is smaller than the set threshold value.
Preferably, steps S2, S3 and S4 also require detecting the pressure value P3 and the actual temperature T1 between the mass flowmeter and the preheater during the adjustment, obtaining the saturation temperature TP3 according to the detected pressure value P3, and controlling the adjustment to stop when the difference between TP3 and T1 is greater than the set threshold.
Compared with the prior art, the system and the method have the following advantages: firstly, the device has the advantages of reasonable design, simple operation, convenient acquisition of elements and the like, compared with the traditional mode, the device adjusts the opening of the first expansion valve, adjusts working conditions such as flow rate/temperature of the secondary refrigerant in the first liquid reservoir, controls the storage amount of the working medium in the first liquid reservoir, realizes accurate adjustment of the saturation pressure of the two-phase heat exchange area in the experimental section through cooperation of the three modes, and can ensure better experimental operation stability and higher parameter control accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-phase flow boiling heat transfer test system in a tube according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the method for controlling the constant pressure of the two-phase flow boiling heat exchange area in the pipe according to the invention.
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of a method for controlling the constant pressure of a two-phase flow boiling heat transfer zone in a tube according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below by way of the following embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The system comprises a heat exchange tube test loop and a working medium bypass loop, and specifically comprises a working medium pump, a first expansion valve, a mass flowmeter, a preheater, an experimental section, a second expansion valve, a condenser, a first liquid storage device, a subcooler and a second liquid storage device, wherein the working medium pump, the first expansion valve, the mass flowmeter, the preheater, the experimental section, the second expansion valve, the condenser, the first liquid storage device and the subcooler are sequentially communicated end to form the heat exchange tube test loop; the second liquid reservoir is connected to a pipeline between the first expansion valve and the working medium pump through the first ball valve and is communicated with the first liquid reservoir through the second ball valve to form a working medium bypass loop. In addition, the subcooler, the condenser and the first liquid reservoir are all connected with a low-temperature cold source, an electric heater is arranged in the second liquid reservoir, and liquid viewing mirrors are arranged on the first liquid reservoir and the second liquid reservoir.
The first expansion valve is arranged between the working medium pump and the mass flowmeter, the second liquid reservoir is substantially connected with the first expansion valve in parallel, and the two flowing working mediums directly come from the outlet of the working medium pump and finally flow into the first liquid reservoir. In experimental operation, the control of the working medium flow is mainly realized by adjusting the operating frequency of a working medium pump, the control of the working medium pressure of an experimental section is mainly realized by adjusting the opening of a second expansion valve, the heat exchange capacity in a preheater/experimental section and a second liquid reservoir is mainly controlled by adjusting the heating power of an electric heating block (device), and the heat exchange capacity in a condenser/a first liquid reservoir/a subcooler is controlled by adjusting the flow/the temperature of a refrigerating medium in a low-temperature cold source. In the working medium bypass loop, the migration of working medium in the heat exchange tube test loop and the second liquid storage device is realized through the opening and closing control of the first ball valve, and the migration of working medium between the first liquid storage device and the second liquid storage device is realized through the opening and closing control of the second ball valve.
In essence, the first expansion valve and the second liquid reservoir which are arranged in parallel at the outlet of the working medium pump respectively realize the regulation of the working medium pressure of the experimental section by controlling the working medium pressure at the outlet and the inlet of the working medium pump, wherein the opening of the first expansion valve is mainly controlled automatically by using a PID (proportion integration differentiation) meter according to the setting requirement of the working medium pressure at the outlet of the experimental section, the working medium state at the inlet of the preheater is used for further checking, and the second liquid reservoir is mainly used for storing the surplus working medium which is migrated out in the test loop of the heat exchange tube. In addition, the experiment also uses the PID meter to realize automatic control on the opening of the second expansion valve according to the experiment section working medium pressure setting requirement. In the experimental operation, in order to avoid the interruption of the flow of the working medium and ensure the safety of the experimental operation by completely enabling the electric heater scope to be not in the working medium, part of working medium needs to be stored in the first liquid storage device and the second liquid storage device, and the liquid levels of the working medium in the first liquid storage device and the second liquid storage device are observed through a liquid viewing mirror so as to determine the storage amount of the working medium; the experiment mainly adopts three methods to realize the control of the working medium pressure in the heat exchange area of the experimental section in a cooperative operation mode, namely: the opening degree of the first expansion valve is regulated, the flow rate/temperature of the secondary refrigerant in the low-temperature cold source connected with the first liquid reservoir is regulated, the storage amount of the working medium in the first liquid reservoir is controlled (the essence of actual operation is that the working medium in the first liquid reservoir flows to the second liquid reservoir, and then the purpose of controlling the storage amount of the working medium in the first liquid reservoir is achieved), and the operation priorities of three modes are determined according to the working condition demands and the operation convenience. As shown in FIG. 1, to determine the working medium state of each position of the pipeline, a plurality of pressure measuring points, namely P1, P2 … … and P9, are arranged, and a plurality of temperature measuring points, namely T1, T2 and T3, are also arranged.
The main control method of the invention comprises the following steps:
s1, starting the test system to work, continuously increasing the opening of a second expansion valve, detecting the working medium pressure of an experimental section, if the working medium pressure of the experimental section is detected to reach the set saturation pressure before the opening of the second expansion valve reaches 100% full open, jumping to a step S5, otherwise stopping adjusting the second expansion valve after the second expansion valve is adjusted to the 100% full open state, and jumping to the next step;
s2, continuously reducing the opening degree of the first expansion valve from 100% full opening, detecting the working medium pressure of the experimental section, if the working medium pressure of the experimental section is detected to reach the set saturation pressure before the opening degree of the first expansion valve reaches 90%, jumping to the step S5, otherwise stopping adjusting the first expansion valve after the first expansion valve is adjusted to 90% opening degree, and jumping to the next step;
S3, continuously increasing the flow of the secondary refrigerant provided by a low-temperature cold source connected with the first liquid storage device, detecting the working medium pressure of an experimental section, jumping to the step S5 if the working medium pressure of the experimental section is detected to reach the set saturation pressure before the secondary refrigerant driving pump reaches the full-load operation, otherwise stopping adjusting the secondary refrigerant driving pump after the secondary refrigerant driving pump reaches the full-load operation, then reducing the temperature of a secondary refrigerant inlet in the first liquid storage device, detecting the working medium pressure of the experimental section, and jumping to the step S5 if the working medium pressure of the experimental section is detected to reach the set saturation pressure before the temperature of the secondary refrigerant inlet is reduced to the lowest temperature, otherwise stopping adjusting the working load of the low-temperature cold source after the temperature of the secondary refrigerant inlet is reduced to the lowest temperature, and finally jumping to the next step;
S4, opening a first ball valve to enable working medium to flow into a second liquid storage device, further achieving the purpose of adjusting the storage amount of the working medium in the first liquid storage device, detecting the working medium pressure of an experimental section at the same time, if the working medium pressure of the experimental section reaches the set saturation pressure before the relative liquid level of the working medium in the first liquid storage device reaches 0.3, jumping to the step S5, otherwise closing the first ball valve, and then judging that the test system cannot meet the test requirement of the set working condition;
s5, running the experiment, collecting data, and ending the experiment.
The working medium pressure of the experimental section is the average value of the pressure value P4 before the experimental section and the pressure value P5 after the experimental section.
And after the set saturation pressure is reached through the adjustment of the steps S2, S3 and S4, the opening of the second expansion valve is reduced to carry out callback, so that the difference between the detected working medium pressure of the experimental section and the set saturation pressure is smaller than 0.3kPa.
In addition, steps S2, S3 and S4 also need to detect the pressure value P3 and the actual temperature T1 between the mass flowmeter and the preheater during adjustment, obtain the saturation temperature TP3 according to the detected pressure value P3, and determine that the measurement parameter is valid when the difference between TP3 and T1 is greater than 4 ℃.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; while the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications may be made to the techniques described in the foregoing embodiments, or that equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides an intraductal two-phase flow boiling heat transfer test control method, includes an intraductal two-phase flow boiling heat transfer test system, test system includes working medium pump, mass flowmeter, pre-heater, experimental section, second expansion valve, condenser, first reservoir and subcooler in proper order, low temperature cold source, its characterized in that are all connected to first reservoir, subcooler and condenser: a first expansion valve is further arranged between the working medium pump and the mass flowmeter, the testing system further comprises a second liquid reservoir, one end of the second liquid reservoir is communicated with a pipeline between the working medium pump and the first expansion valve through a first ball valve, and the other end of the second liquid reservoir is communicated with the first liquid reservoir through a second ball valve; the first liquid storage device and the second liquid storage device are provided with liquid viewing mirrors for observing liquid level, and the second liquid storage device is internally provided with an electric heater, and the test control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, starting the test system to work, continuously adjusting the opening of a second expansion valve, detecting the working medium pressure of an experimental section, if the working medium pressure of the experimental section is detected to reach the set saturation pressure before the opening of the second expansion valve reaches the set threshold value, jumping to a step S5, otherwise stopping adjusting the second expansion valve after the second expansion valve is adjusted to the threshold value opening, and jumping to the next step;
s2, continuously adjusting the opening degree of the first expansion valve, detecting the working medium pressure of the experimental section, if the working medium pressure of the experimental section is detected to reach the set saturation pressure before the opening degree of the first expansion valve reaches the set threshold value, jumping to the step S5, otherwise stopping adjusting the first expansion valve after the opening degree of the first expansion valve is adjusted to the threshold value, and jumping to the next step;
S3, continuously adjusting the flow and the temperature of the secondary refrigerant provided by the low-temperature cold source connected with the first liquid storage device, detecting the working medium pressure of the experimental section, if the working medium pressure of the experimental section reaches the set saturation pressure before the flow and the temperature of the secondary refrigerant reach the set threshold, jumping to the step S5, otherwise stopping adjusting the working condition of the secondary refrigerant after the flow and the temperature of the secondary refrigerant reach the set threshold, and jumping to the next step;
s4, opening a first ball valve, adjusting the working medium storage amount in the first liquid storage device, detecting the working medium pressure of the experimental section at the same time, if the working medium storage amount in the first liquid storage device reaches the set threshold value, detecting that the working medium pressure of the experimental section reaches the set saturation pressure, jumping to the step S5, otherwise, closing the first ball valve, and then judging that the test system cannot meet the test requirement of the set working condition;
s5, running the experiment, collecting data, and ending the experiment.
2. The control method for the boiling heat exchange test of two-phase flow in a pipe according to claim 1, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: the working medium pressure in the experimental section is the average value of the pressure value P4 before the experimental section and the pressure value P5 after the experimental section.
3. The control method for the boiling heat exchange test of two-phase flow in a pipe according to claim 1, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: and after the step S2, the step S3 and the step S4 are regulated to reach the set saturation pressure, the second expansion valve is controlled to carry out callback, so that the difference between the detected working medium pressure of the experimental section and the set saturation pressure is smaller than the set threshold value.
4. The control method for the boiling heat exchange test of two-phase flow in a pipe according to claim 1, wherein the control method comprises the following steps: in the steps S2, S3 and S4, it is also necessary to detect the pressure value P3 and the actual temperature T1 between the mass flowmeter and the preheater during the adjustment, obtain the saturation temperature TP3 according to the detected pressure value P3, and control the adjustment to stop when the difference between TP3 and T1 is greater than the set threshold.
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| CN115460861A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2022-12-09 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Pump-driven two-phase liquid cooling system and liquid supplementing control method of pump-driven two-phase liquid cooling system |
| CN113473822B (en) * | 2021-09-01 | 2021-11-23 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Two-phase liquid cooling test system and method |
| CN115384957B (en) * | 2022-07-18 | 2023-09-01 | 浙大宁波理工学院 | Pressure-controllable liquid storage device and control method thereof |
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