CN112924357B - Device and method for joint measurement of tight rock pore seepage under formation pressure - Google Patents
Device and method for joint measurement of tight rock pore seepage under formation pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112924357B CN112924357B CN202110124369.3A CN202110124369A CN112924357B CN 112924357 B CN112924357 B CN 112924357B CN 202110124369 A CN202110124369 A CN 202110124369A CN 112924357 B CN112924357 B CN 112924357B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/088—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry
- G01N15/0893—Investigating volume, surface area, size or distribution of pores; Porosimetry by measuring weight or volume of sorbed fluid, e.g. B.E.T. method
Abstract
The invention discloses a tight rock pore seepage joint measurement device and a method under formation pressure, wherein the joint measurement device comprises a high-pressure air source, a variable-volume pressure chamber, a rock core holder, a confining pressure pump, a vacuum pump, a thermostat and a data acquisition device; the high-pressure gas source is connected with the inlet end of the variable-volume pressure chamber; the variable volume pressure chamber is connected with the first pressure monitoring device, and the outlet end of the variable volume pressure chamber is connected with the inlet end of the core holder; the core holder is respectively connected with the confining pressure pump, the temperature monitoring device and the pressure difference monitoring device; the outlet end of the core holder is connected with the vacuum pump; the variable volume pressure chamber and the core holder are arranged in the incubator. The method can determine the dead volume of the combined measurement device, preferably select the volume of the variable-volume pressure chamber, and simultaneously measure the porosity and permeability of the target rock core under the formation pressure through the pressure attenuation curve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rock porosity and permeability measurement, in particular to a device and a method for joint measurement of tight rock pore permeability under formation pressure.
Background
The porosity and permeability of reservoir rock are important properties for the recognition and study of reservoirs. Porosity is an important parameter that quantitatively describes the magnitude of the rock's reservoir capacity and refers to the ratio of the pore volume in the rock (or the volume of space in the rock that is not filled with solid matter) to the total volume of the rock. Permeability refers to the property of rock that allows fluid to pass through at a certain pressure difference, and the magnitude of reservoir permeability is expressed in terms of permeability. Along with the exploitation of underground oil and gas, oil and gas fluid is extracted from the underground, the pressure of pore fluid in reservoir rock is reduced, and the reservoir rock is deformed, so that the porosity and the permeability of the reservoir rock are not fixed constants any more but are changed; the quantitative characterization of the relationship between the porosity and permeability of reservoir rock under formation conditions and the change of pore fluid pressure is an important basis for the effective exploitation of oil and gas.
At present, scholars at home and abroad mainly determine a relational expression of rock porosity and permeability (hereinafter referred to as "pore permeability") under stratum conditions along with the change of pore fluid pressure through experiments. Generally, pore permeability at different confining pressures is first determined when the pore fluid pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure; then, calculating and obtaining a relational expression of pore permeability along with the effective pressure; and finally, calculating and obtaining the pore permeability value under the equivalent formation condition by combining with a Terzaghi effective stress theory. However, the existing porosity and permeability tests still have the following disadvantages:
(1) the existing method does not directly measure the porosity and permeability of reservoir rock under the stratum condition, belongs to an indirect method for determining the pore permeability of the reservoir rock, and the existing scholars prove that the equivalent pore permeability value obtained by calculation by the existing method does not have representativeness under the stratum condition (Shownian union et al, 2019).
(2) At present, most of the existing rock sample porosity and permeability testing equipment needs to separately test the porosity and the permeability, or tests in the same equipment in different steps, and does not realize simultaneous and accurate measurement; aiming at unstable factors such as microcracks possibly existing in underground taken rocks, the consistency of rock properties in the test is difficult to ensure by separate tests or step tests, so that the rock pore permeability in the test is not under the same condition.
(3) In the experimental process, the volume changes of pipelines and valves can be caused by different test schemes, equipment maintenance and the like, so that the test result can be influenced, and dead volume calibration and correction are often required to be performed in time.
(4) The permeability of dense rock is very low and cannot be measured by the conventional steady state method (how to renew, et al, 2011) and the pressure pulse method is usually selected to measure the permeability; when the existing pressure pulse method is used, the volume of a pressure chamber in a testing instrument is generally a fixed volume or is selected by experience, however, the actual variable volume of the pressure chamber can influence a pulse pressure attenuation curve, and a testing result error is caused.
Therefore, in order to overcome the defects of the conventional testing device and method, a device and a method for testing the tight rock pore seepage under the formation pressure are needed to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for simultaneously measuring the porosity and the permeability of compact rock under formation pressure.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
on one hand, the device for the joint measurement of the permeability of the compact rock pores under the formation pressure comprises a high-pressure air source, a variable-volume pressure chamber, a rock core holder, a confining pressure pump, a vacuum pump, a thermostat and a data acquisition device;
the high-pressure air source is connected with the inlet end of the variable-volume pressure chamber, and a first valve and a first pressure controller are sequentially arranged on the connected pipeline;
the variable volume pressure chamber is connected with the first pressure monitoring device, the outlet end of the variable volume pressure chamber is connected with the inlet end of the rock core holder, and a second valve is arranged on a connected pipeline;
the side wall of the rock core holder is connected with the confining pressure pump, and a pressure monitoring device II, a pressure controller II and a valve III are sequentially arranged on a pipeline connected with the confining pressure pump; the core holder is connected with a temperature monitoring device; a pressure difference monitoring device is arranged between the inlet end and the outlet end of the rock core holder; the outlet end of the core holder is connected with the vacuum pump, a third pressure monitoring device and a three-way valve are sequentially arranged on a pipeline connected with the vacuum pump, a fourth pressure monitoring device is arranged on the vacuum pump, the other outlet of the three-way valve is connected with an emptying pipe, and a fourth valve is arranged on the emptying pipe;
the variable-volume pressure chamber and the rock core holder are arranged in the constant temperature box; the pressure controller I, the pressure monitoring device II, the pressure controller II, the temperature monitoring device, the pressure difference monitoring device, the pressure monitoring device III and the pressure monitoring device IV are respectively connected with the data acquisition device.
On the other hand, the device for testing the permeability of the compact rock pores under the formation pressure comprises the following steps:
s1: calibrating the dead volume of the combined measuring device, preferably the volume of the variable volume pressure chamber;
s2: adjusting the volume of the variable volume pressure chamber to the optimized volume, then loading a target rock core into the rock core holder to perform a pulse pressure attenuation test under the formation pressure, recording the pressure change of the variable volume pressure chamber along with the time in the test process, and drawing a pressure attenuation curve;
s3: and determining the porosity and the permeability of the target rock core under the corresponding formation pressure according to the dead volume and the pressure attenuation curve.
Preferably, step S1 specifically includes the following sub-steps:
s11: loading a standard core with known pore volume into the core holder, and determining the current volume of the variable-volume pressure chamber;
s12: opening a confining pressure pump and a valve III, and increasing the confining pressure of the rock core holder to a preset pressure I through a pressure controller II;
s13: opening a first valve, a second valve and a three-way valve, starting a vacuum pump, and vacuumizing the whole joint measurement device;
s14: closing a second valve, opening a high-pressure gas source and a first valve, increasing the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber to a second preset pressure through a first pressure controller, closing the high-pressure gas source and the first valve, and recording the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber after the pressure monitored by the first pressure monitoring device is stable;
s15: opening a second valve to enable gas to enter the rock core holder in an isothermal expansion mode, and recording the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber after the pressure monitored by the first pressure monitoring device is stable;
s16: opening the three-way valve and the valve IV, and unloading confining pressure after gas is discharged;
s17: replacing i standard rock cores with different pore volumes, repeating the steps S12-S16, and recording the pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber before and after the isothermal expansion of the gas when each standard rock core with different pore volumes is loaded into the rock core holder;
s18: drawing a relation curve of the pore volume of the standard rock core and the inverse pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber after the isothermal expansion of the gas, obtaining the slope and the longitudinal intercept of the relation curve, and calculating the optimal volume of the variable volume pressure chamber and the dead volume of the joint measurement device according to the following formula:
Vd＝-(b+Vk) (2)
in the formula: vkIs the preferred volume of the variable volume pressure chamber, cm3(ii) a k is the slope of the relation curve between V and 1/P, and is dimensionless; v is the pore volume of the standard core in cm3(ii) a P is the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber after isothermal expansion of the gas, and is MPa; pkThe pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber before the isothermal expansion of the gas is MPa; vdIs connected toMeasuring dead volume, cm of the device3(ii) a b is the longitudinal intercept of the relation curve between V and 1/P, and is dimensionless.
Preferably, the method further comprises step S19: adjusting the volume of the variable volume pressure chamber to the preferred volume calculated in the step S18, and repeating the steps S11-S19 until the difference between the dead volume of the joint measurement device obtained in the nth adjustment calculation and the dead volume of the joint measurement device obtained in the n-1 th adjustment calculation is within the threshold range; at the moment, the dead volume of the joint measurement device obtained by the nth adjustment calculation is the final dead volume of the joint measurement device; and the preferred volume of the variable volume pressure chamber obtained by the nth regulation calculation is the final preferred volume of the variable volume pressure chamber.
Preferably, the threshold range is | Vdn-Vd(n-1)Less than or equal to 2 percent, wherein VdnThe dead volume, cm, of the combined measuring device obtained for the nth adjustment calculation3；Vd(n-1)The dead volume, cm, of the combined measuring device obtained for the (n-1) th adjustment calculation3。
Preferably, in step S17, i is a positive integer less than 10.
Preferably, the standard core is a steel core.
Preferably, step S2 specifically includes the following sub-steps:
s21: adjusting the volume of the variable volume pressure chamber to the optimized volume, and then loading a target core into the core holder;
s22: opening a confining pressure pump and a valve III, and raising the confining pressure of the rock core holder to the overburden rock pressure under the simulated formation condition through a pressure controller II; opening a first valve, a second valve and a three-way valve, starting a vacuum pump, and vacuumizing the whole joint measurement device;
s23: closing the three-way valve, opening the high-pressure gas source, the first valve and the second valve, increasing the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber to the pore fluid pressure under the simulated formation condition through the first pressure controller, and closing the high-pressure gas source, the first valve and the second valve;
s24: opening a high-pressure gas source and a first valve, increasing the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber to a third preset pressure through a first pressure controller, closing the high-pressure gas source and the first valve, and recording the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber after the pressure monitored by the first pressure monitoring device is stable;
s25: and opening a second valve to enable gas to enter the core holder in an isothermal expansion mode, collecting the pressure attenuation condition of the variable-volume pressure chamber in the isothermal expansion process of the gas through a data collection device until the pressure of the whole system is balanced, and simultaneously drawing a pressure attenuation curve.
Preferably, when the pressure decay curve is drawn, the fluctuation point in the pressure decay curve is removed until the logarithmic curve of the pressure decay curve is a straight line with a correlation degree of 0.99 or more.
Preferably, in step S3, the porosity of the target core under formation conditions is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: phi is the porosity,%, of the target core; vpiPore volume, cm, of the target core3；VbVolume of core in cm3；PikThe pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber before the isothermal expansion of the gas is MPa; pibThe pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber after isothermal expansion of the gas is MPa; piIs pore fluid pressure, MPa, VkIs the preferred volume of the variable volume pressure chamber, cm3；VdFor the dead volume, cm, of the combined measuring apparatus3；
The permeability of the target core is obtained through the following sub-steps:
drawing a semilogarithmic pressure attenuation curve of the pressure monitored by the first pressure monitoring device along with the change of time, measuring the slope of the semilogarithmic pressure attenuation curve, and calculating the permeability of the target rock core according to the following formula:
in the formula: k is a radical ofgiPermeability of the target core, mD; alpha is alphaiIs the slope of the semilogarithmic pressure decay curve, s-1(ii) a μ is the gas viscosity, mPas; l is the length of the target rock core, cm; f. ofzIs a coefficient related to gas properties, and is dimensionless; a is the cross-sectional area of the target core in cm2；VdFor the combined measurement of dead volume, cm3。
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method can directly and simultaneously measure the porosity and permeability of the target rock sample under the formation pressure, can avoid inconsistency of test conditions caused by separate tests or unstable factors such as microcracks existing in rocks, and improves the test efficiency of the porosity and permeability of the compact rocks; the invention can accurately calculate and obtain the dead volume of the joint measurement device, and preferably select the volume of the variable-volume pressure chamber, so that the porosity and permeability test result of the target rock sample is more accurate.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a compact rock pore-permeability simultaneous measurement device under formation pressure according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a relationship between V and 1/P in the test method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a pressure decay curve in the test method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing a semilogarithmic pressure decay curve of pressure as a function of time in the test method of the present invention.
Reference numbers in the figures:
1-a high-pressure gas source, 2-a valve I, 3-a pressure controller I, 4-a variable volume pressure chamber, 5-a pressure monitoring device I, 6-a valve II, 7-a core holder, 8-a pressure difference monitoring device, 9-a temperature monitoring device, 10-a pressure monitoring device II, 11-a pressure monitoring device III, 12-a three-way valve, 13-a valve IV, 14-a pressure monitoring device IV, 15-a vacuum pump, 16-a surrounding pressure pump, 17-a valve III, 18-a pressure controller II, 19-a constant temperature cabinet and 20-a data acquisition device.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
It should be noted that, in the present application, the embodiments and the technical features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It is noted that, unless otherwise indicated, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
In the present invention, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used for distinguishing similar objects, but not for describing a particular order or sequence order, unless otherwise specified. It is to be understood that the terms so used; the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like are used generally with respect to the orientation shown in the drawings, or with respect to the component itself in a vertical, or gravitational orientation; likewise, "inner", "outer", and the like refer to the inner and outer relative to the contours of the components themselves for ease of understanding and description. The above directional terms are not intended to limit the present invention.
As shown in FIG. 1, the invention provides a tight rock pore seepage joint measurement device under formation pressure, which comprises a high-pressure air source 1, a variable volume pressure chamber 4, a rock core holder 7, a confining pressure pump 16, a vacuum pump 15, a thermostat 19 and a data acquisition device 20;
the high-pressure air source 1 is connected with the inlet end of the variable-volume pressure chamber 4, and a first valve 2 and a first pressure controller 3 are sequentially arranged on the connected pipeline;
the variable volume pressure chamber 4 is connected with a first pressure monitoring device 5, the outlet end of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 is connected with the inlet end of the core holder 7, and a second valve 6 is arranged on a pipeline connected with the inlet end of the core holder 7;
the side wall of the core holder 7 is connected with the confining pressure pump 16, and a pressure monitoring device II 10, a pressure controller II 18 and a valve III 17 are sequentially arranged on a connected pipeline; the core holder 7 is connected with a temperature monitoring device 9; a pressure difference monitoring device 8 is arranged between the inlet end and the outlet end of the rock core holder 7; the outlet end of the core holder 7 is connected with the vacuum pump 15, a third pressure monitoring device 11 and a three-way valve 12 are sequentially arranged on a connected pipeline, a fourth pressure monitoring device 14 is arranged on the vacuum pump 15, the other outlet of the three-way valve 12 is connected with an emptying pipe, and a fourth valve 13 is arranged on the emptying pipe;
the variable volume pressure chamber 4 and the core holder 7 are arranged in the constant temperature box 19; the first pressure controller 3, the first pressure monitoring device 5, the second pressure monitoring device 10, the second pressure controller 18, the temperature monitoring device 9, the differential pressure monitoring device 8, the third pressure monitoring device 11 and the fourth pressure monitoring device 14 are respectively connected with the data acquisition device 20.
In a specific embodiment, the first pressure monitoring device 5, the second pressure monitoring device 10, the third pressure monitoring device 11 and the fourth pressure monitoring device 14 all adopt pressure sensors; the temperature monitoring device 9 adopts a temperature sensor; the data acquisition device 20 is a computer. It should be noted that the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, the computer, and the like are all in the prior art, and the specific structure is not described herein again. It should be noted that, in addition to the pressure monitoring device, the temperature monitoring device, and the data acquisition device that are adopted in this embodiment, other pressure monitoring devices, temperature monitoring devices, and data acquisition devices in the prior art may also be adopted. It should be noted that the pressure controller, the core holder, and the like are also all in the prior art, and the specific structures thereof are not described herein again.
In a specific embodiment, a movable diaphragm or piston is provided in the variable volume pressure chamber 4, and the volume of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 is changed by adjusting the position of the diaphragm or piston.
In a specific embodiment, the second valve 6 has a function of controlling unidirectional fluid flow, and the unidirectional fluid flow direction is a direction from the variable volume pressure chamber 4 to the core holder 7, so that isothermal expansion of gas in the variable volume pressure chamber into the core holder 7 can be ensured, and gas in the core holder 7 can be prevented from flowing back into the variable volume pressure chamber 4. Optionally, the second valve 6 is composed of a common valve and a one-way valve, the common valve is close to the variable-volume pressure chamber 4, and the one-way valve is close to the core holder 7. Alternatively, the second valve 6 is directly a valve with a one-way flow function, such as a pneumatic ball valve of the type Q641F.
In a specific embodiment, the high pressure gas source 1 is a high pressure nitrogen gas source. It should be noted that, in addition to the high-pressure gas source used in this embodiment, other high-pressure gas sources used in the prior art for testing the porosity or permeability of the rock sample may also be used.
On the other hand, the invention also provides a compact rock pore seepage joint test method under formation pressure, which adopts the compact rock pore seepage joint test device under formation pressure to test and comprises the following steps:
s1: calibrating the dead volume of the combined measuring device, preferably the volume of the variable volume pressure chamber 4; the method specifically comprises the following substeps:
s11: loading a standard core with known pore volume into the core holder 7, and determining the current volume of the variable-volume pressure chamber 4;
s12: opening a confining pressure pump 16 and a valve III 17, and increasing the confining pressure of the core holder 7 to a preset pressure I (confining pressure, for example, 3MPa) through a pressure controller II 18;
s13: opening the first valve 2, the second valve 6 and the three-way valve 12, starting the vacuum pump 15, and vacuumizing the whole joint measurement device;
s14: closing a second valve 6, opening a first high-pressure gas source 1 and a first valve 2, increasing the pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 to a second preset pressure (pulse attenuation pressure in a pulse pressure attenuation test, for example, 0.6MPa) through a first pressure controller 3, closing the first high-pressure gas source 1 and the first valve 2, and recording the pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 after the pressure monitored by the first pressure monitoring device 5 is stable;
s15: opening a second valve 6, leading gas to enter the rock core holder 7 in an isothermal expansion mode, and recording the pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 after the pressure monitored by the first pressure monitoring device 5 is stable;
s16: opening the three-way valve 12 and the valve IV 13, and unloading confining pressure after gas is exhausted;
s17: replacing i standard rock cores with different pore volumes, repeating the steps S12-S16, and recording the pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 before and after the isothermal expansion of the gas when each standard rock core with different pore volumes is loaded into the rock core holder 7;
s18: drawing a relation curve of the pore volume of the standard rock core and the inverse pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 after the isothermal expansion of the gas, obtaining the slope and the longitudinal intercept of the relation curve, and calculating the optimal volume of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 and the dead volume of the combined measuring device according to the following formula:
Vd＝-(b+Vk) (2)
in the formula: vkIs the preferred volume of the variable volume pressure chamber, cm3(ii) a k is the slope of the relation curve between V and 1/P, and is dimensionless; v is the pore volume of the standard core in cm3(ii) a P is the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber after isothermal expansion of the gas, and is MPa; pkThe pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber before the isothermal expansion of the gas is MPa; vdFor the dead volume, cm, of the combined measuring apparatus3(ii) a b is the longitudinal intercept of the relation curve between V and 1/P, and is dimensionless.
The formula (1) and the formula (2) are simplified according to the boyle's law, and specifically, the formula can be known according to the boyle's law:
PkVk＝PV+PVd+Vk (6)
the method is simplified and can be obtained:
the relationship between V and 1/P is plotted as shown in FIG. 2, and the slope k is PkVkSimplifying to obtain a preferable volume calculation formula shown in the formula (1); the longitudinal intercept b is VdAnd VkAnd (3) simplifying the opposite number of the sum to obtain a dead volume calculation formula shown in the formula (2).
In a specific embodiment, the method further includes step S19: adjusting the volume of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 to the preferred volume calculated in step S18, and repeating steps S11-S19 until the difference between the dead volume of the simultaneous measurement device obtained in the nth adjustment calculation and the dead volume of the simultaneous measurement device obtained in the n-1 th adjustment calculation is within the threshold range; at the moment, the dead volume of the joint measurement device obtained by the nth adjustment calculation is the final dead volume of the joint measurement device; the preferred volume of the variable-volume pressure chamber 4 obtained by the nth adjustment calculation is the final preferred volume of the variable-volume pressure chamber 4. It should be noted that step S19 can obtain more accurate dead volume of the integrated measurement device and the preferred volume of the variable volume pressure chamber 4, but this step is not an essential step, and the dead volume of the integrated measurement device and the preferred volume of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 can be obtained through steps S11-S18, and the step S19 is not required to be performed in specific applications depending on the calculation accuracy required by the user.
Optionally, the threshold range is | Vdn-Vd(n-1)Less than or equal to 2 percent, wherein VdnThe dead volume, cm, of the combined measuring device obtained for the nth adjustment calculation3；Vd(n-1)The dead volume, cm, of the combined measuring device obtained for the (n-1) th adjustment calculation3. It should be noted that the threshold range of the present invention is only a preferable threshold range, and the smaller the threshold range is, the more accurate the final result is, but the threshold range may be set to 2% or more according to different precision requirementsOr less than 2%, e.g. | Vdn-Vd(n-1)|≤3％、|Vdn-Vd(n-1)|≤4％、|Vdn-Vd(n-1)|≤5％、|Vdn-Vd(n-1)Less than or equal to 1 percent and the like.
In a specific embodiment, in step S17, i is a positive integer less than 10. It should be noted that the more the number of blocks of the standard core is changed, the more accurate the test result is, the less the change of the test result is when the number of blocks is more than 10, and in order to save cost, the number of blocks of the standard core is within 10.
In a specific embodiment, the standard core is a steel core. It should be noted that the porosity and permeability of the steel core should not change for loading and unloading stress, and the test result can be more accurate by using the steel core for testing, but the invention can also adopt a real rock sample with known pore volume or a core made of other alloys for testing, the specific selection is determined according to the precision and the like required by a user, and the steel core is not the only selection of the invention.
In a specific embodiment, the standard core is a steel core, the axis of the steel core is hollowed to simulate a crack, and the hollowed part is in a regular shape such as a cylinder shape, a square shape and a wedge shape, so that the pore volume can be calculated conveniently.
Optionally, a plurality of identical standard cores are manufactured, when the dead volume of the combined measurement device is calibrated and the preferred volume of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 is determined by using the standard cores of this embodiment, in step S11, one of the standard cores is put into the core holder 7, in step S17, two standard cores are put into the core holder 7 when the standard cores are changed for the first time, in step S17, three standard cores are put into the core holder 7 when the standard cores are changed for the second time, and the like, so that an experiment is performed.
Alternatively, unlike the above embodiment, a plurality of different standard cores are manufactured, and the lengths of the standard cores are the same as those of the above embodiment, that is, in step S11, the length of the inserted standard core is L, the length of the standard core replaced for the first time in step S17 is 2L, the length of the standard core replaced for the second time is 3L, and so on. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the simulated fractures of the standard cores have the same shape, that is, when the simulated fracture is cylindrical, the simulated fracture inner diameter of each standard core is the same, and when the simulated fracture is cube, the simulated fracture cross-sectional area of each standard core is the same, and so on.
Alternatively, unlike the above embodiment, the lengths of the standard cores replaced in step S17 are not in an equal ratio with the length of the standard core put in step S11, and may be in an equal difference or any other relationship.
In another specific embodiment, the standard core is a steel core hollowed out of an axis, and the standard core is different from the previous embodiment in that the standard core is further provided with a steel inner core matched with the hollowed part in shape, the inner core is in clearance fit with the standard core, a plurality of inner cores with different lengths (equal ratio, equal difference or any other relation) or different outer diameters (equal ratio, equal difference or any other relation) are arranged, and different inner cores are placed in the standard core in steps S11 and S17.
S2: adjusting the volume of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 to the optimized volume, then loading a target rock core into the rock core holder 7 to perform a pulse pressure attenuation test under the formation pressure, recording the change of the pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 along with the time in the test process, and drawing a pressure attenuation curve; the method specifically comprises the following substeps:
s21: adjusting the volume of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 to the optimized volume, then loading a target core into the core holder 7, and performing salt washing and drying according to GB/T29172-2012 core analysis method before loading the target core;
s22: opening a confining pressure pump 16 and a valve III 17, and raising the confining pressure of the core holder 7 to the overburden rock pressure under the simulated formation condition through a pressure controller II 18; opening the first valve 2, the second valve 6 and the three-way valve 12, starting the vacuum pump 15, and vacuumizing the whole joint measurement device;
s23: closing the three-way valve 12, opening the high-pressure gas source 1, the first valve 2 and the second valve 6, increasing the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber 4 to the pore fluid pressure under the simulated formation condition through the first pressure controller 3, and closing the high-pressure gas source 1, the first valve 2 and the second valve 6;
s24: opening the high-pressure gas source 1 and the valve I2, increasing the pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 to a preset pressure III (the preset pressure III is the sum of pore fluid pressure and pulse attenuation pressure, the pulse attenuation pressure is consistent with the preset pressure II, and the pulse attenuation pressure is consistent to ensure that the dead volume calculated in the step S1 can be used with the volume of the preferred variable volume pressure chamber), closing the high-pressure gas source 1 and the valve I2, and recording the pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber 4 after the pressure monitored by the pressure monitoring device I5 is stable;
s25: and opening a second valve 6, enabling gas to enter the core holder 7 in an isothermal expansion mode, collecting the pressure attenuation condition of the variable-volume pressure chamber 4 in the isothermal expansion process of the gas through the data collection device 20 until the pressure of the whole system is balanced, and simultaneously drawing a pressure attenuation curve shown in fig. 3.
In a specific embodiment, when the pressure decay curve is drawn, the fluctuation points in the pressure decay curve are removed until the logarithmic curve of the pressure decay curve is a straight line with the correlation degree of more than or equal to 0.99. It should be noted that the present invention does not limit the correlation degree to be greater than 0.99, the closer the correlation degree is to 1, the higher the accuracy of the subsequent calculation result, 0.99 is only a preferable correlation degree, and straight lines less than 0.99, such as 0.98, 0.95, etc., may be used, which merely indicates that the fluctuation point is not removed enough, and the removal of the fluctuation point is to make the subsequent result more accurate, so the fluctuation point can be removed according to the calculation accuracy requirement.
S3: and determining the porosity and the permeability of the target rock core under the corresponding formation pressure according to the dead volume and the pressure attenuation curve. The porosity of the target core is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: phi is the porosity,%, of the target core; vpiPore volume, cm, of the target core3；VbVolume of core in cm3；PikThe pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber before the isothermal expansion of the gas is MPa; pibThe pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber after isothermal expansion of the gas is MPa; piIs pore fluid pressure, MPa, VkIs the preferred volume of the variable volume pressure chamber, cm3；VdFor the dead volume, cm, of the combined measuring apparatus3；
The permeability of the target core is obtained through the following sub-steps:
drawing a semilogarithmic pressure decay curve of the pressure monitored by the first pressure monitoring device 5 as shown in fig. 4 along with the change of time, measuring the slope of the semilogarithmic pressure decay curve, and calculating the permeability of the target core according to the following formula:
in the formula: k is a radical ofgiPermeability of the target core, mD; alpha is alphaiIs the slope of the semilogarithmic pressure decay curve, s-1(ii) a μ is the gas viscosity, mPas; l is the length of the target rock core, cm; f. ofzIs a coefficient related to gas properties, and is dimensionless; a is the cross-sectional area of the target core in cm2；VdFor the dead volume (i.e. the volume of the pipeline between the outlet end of the core holder and the inlet end of the three-way valve) of the combined measuring device, cm3。
In one specific embodiment, if the pore fluid pressure of a reservoir rock at formation pressure is known to decrease over time, the tight rock pore-crossing measurement method using the formation pressure of the present inventionWhen the pore-permeability coupling method is used, in the process of performing the pulse pressure attenuation test in the step S2, when the pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber is increased to the pore fluid pressure under the simulated formation condition in the step S23, the pressure is P on the curve of the decrease of the pore fluid pressure along with the time1At this time, the pressure decay curve drawn in step S25 is P1Pressure decay curve under pore fluid pressure. Step S26 is also included after step S25: the three-way valve 12 and the valve 13 are opened to reduce the pressure in the variable volume pressure chamber to P2，P2Another pore fluid pressure on a curve of pore fluid pressure decrease with time, and P2Less than P1Repeating the steps S24-S25 to obtain P2Repeating step S26 for each repetition of the pressure decay curve at the pore fluid pressure by successively dropping the pressure in the variable volume pressure chamber 4 to P on the curve of the decrease in pore fluid pressure with time3、P4……PiThereby obtaining a pressure decay curve at each pore fluid pressure. Subsequent step S3 may calculate P1、P2……PiAnd waiting for the corresponding porosity and permeability under the pressure of each pore fluid, thereby obtaining a curve of the change of the porosity and permeability of the stratum along with the time.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for testing the tight rock pore seepage under the formation pressure is characterized in that a tight rock pore seepage testing device under the formation pressure is adopted for testing, and comprises a high-pressure air source, a variable-volume pressure chamber, a rock core holder, a confining pressure pump, a vacuum pump, a thermostat and a data acquisition device;
the high-pressure air source is connected with the inlet end of the variable-volume pressure chamber, and a first valve and a first pressure controller are sequentially arranged on the connected pipeline;
the variable volume pressure chamber is connected with the first pressure monitoring device, the outlet end of the variable volume pressure chamber is connected with the inlet end of the rock core holder, and a second valve is arranged on a connected pipeline;
the side wall of the rock core holder is connected with the confining pressure pump, and a pressure monitoring device II, a pressure controller II and a valve III are sequentially arranged on a pipeline connected with the confining pressure pump; the core holder is connected with a temperature monitoring device; a pressure difference monitoring device is arranged between the inlet end and the outlet end of the rock core holder; the outlet end of the core holder is connected with the vacuum pump, a third pressure monitoring device and a three-way valve are sequentially arranged on a pipeline connected with the vacuum pump, a fourth pressure monitoring device is arranged on the vacuum pump, the other outlet of the three-way valve is connected with an emptying pipe, and a fourth valve is arranged on the emptying pipe;
the variable-volume pressure chamber and the rock core holder are arranged in the constant temperature box; the pressure controller I, the pressure monitoring device II, the pressure controller II, the temperature monitoring device, the pressure difference monitoring device, the pressure monitoring device III and the pressure monitoring device IV are respectively connected with the data acquisition device;
the method for joint measurement of the permeability of the compact rock pores under the formation pressure comprises the following steps:
s1: calibrating the dead volume of the joint measurement device, which specifically comprises the following substeps:
s11: loading a standard core with known pore volume into the core holder, and determining the current volume of the variable-volume pressure chamber;
s12: opening a confining pressure pump and a valve III, and increasing the confining pressure of the rock core holder to a preset pressure I through a pressure controller II;
s13: opening a first valve, a second valve and a three-way valve, starting a vacuum pump, and vacuumizing the whole joint measurement device;
s14: closing a second valve, opening a high-pressure gas source and a first valve, increasing the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber to a second preset pressure through a first pressure controller, closing the high-pressure gas source and the first valve, and recording the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber after the pressure monitored by the first pressure monitoring device is stable;
s15: opening a second valve to enable gas to enter the rock core holder in an isothermal expansion mode, and recording the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber after the pressure monitored by the first pressure monitoring device is stable;
s16: opening the three-way valve and the valve IV, and unloading confining pressure after gas is discharged;
s17: replacing i standard rock cores with different pore volumes, repeating the steps S12-S16, and recording the pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber before and after the isothermal expansion of the gas when each standard rock core with different pore volumes is loaded into the rock core holder;
s18: drawing a relation curve of the pore volume of the standard rock core and the inverse pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber after the isothermal expansion of the gas, obtaining the slope and the longitudinal intercept of the relation curve, and calculating the optimal volume of the variable volume pressure chamber and the dead volume of the joint measurement device according to the following formula:
Vd＝-(b+Vk) (2)
in the formula: vkIs the preferred volume of the variable volume pressure chamber, cm3(ii) a k is the slope of the relation curve between V and 1/P, and is dimensionless; v is the pore volume of the standard core in cm3(ii) a P is the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber after isothermal expansion of the gas, and is MPa; pkThe pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber before the isothermal expansion of the gas is MPa; vdFor the dead volume, cm, of the combined measuring apparatus3(ii) a b is the longitudinal intercept of the relation curve between V and 1/P, and is dimensionless;
s2: adjusting the volume of the variable volume pressure chamber to the optimized volume, then loading a target rock core into the rock core holder to perform a pulse pressure attenuation test under the formation pressure, recording the pressure change of the variable volume pressure chamber along with the time in the test process, and drawing a pressure attenuation curve;
s3: determining the porosity and permeability of the target rock core under the corresponding formation pressure according to the dead volume and the pressure attenuation curve; the porosity of the target core under formation conditions is calculated by the following formula:
in the formula: phi is the porosity,%, of the target core; vpiPore volume, cm, of the target core3；VbVolume of core in cm3；PikThe pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber before the isothermal expansion of the gas is MPa; pibThe pressure of the variable volume pressure chamber after isothermal expansion of the gas is MPa; piPore fluid pressure, MPa; vkIs the preferred volume of the variable volume pressure chamber, cm3；VdFor the dead volume, cm, of the combined measuring apparatus3；
The permeability of the target core under formation conditions is obtained by the following substeps:
drawing a semilogarithmic pressure attenuation curve of the pressure monitored by the first pressure monitoring device along with the change of time, measuring the slope of the semilogarithmic pressure attenuation curve, and calculating the permeability of the target rock core according to the following formula:
in the formula: k is a radical ofgiPermeability of the target core, mD; alpha is alphaiIs the slope of the semilogarithmic pressure decay curve, s-1(ii) a μ is the gas viscosity, mPas; l is the length of the target rock core, cm; f. ofzIs a coefficient related to gas properties, and is dimensionless; a is the cross-sectional area of the target core in cm2；VdFor the combined measurement of dead volume, cm3。
2. The method for joint measurement of tight rock pore permeability under formation pressure according to claim 1, wherein calibrating the dead volume of the joint measurement device further comprises step S19: adjusting the volume of the variable volume pressure chamber to the preferred volume calculated in the step S18, and repeating the steps S11-S19 until the difference between the dead volume of the joint measurement device obtained in the nth adjustment calculation and the dead volume of the joint measurement device obtained in the n-1 th adjustment calculation is within the threshold range; at the moment, the dead volume of the joint measurement device obtained by the nth adjustment calculation is the final dead volume of the joint measurement device; and the preferred volume of the variable volume pressure chamber obtained by the nth regulation calculation is the final preferred volume of the variable volume pressure chamber.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the threshold range is | V |, for the simultaneous measurement of tight rock pore permeability under formation pressuredn-Vd(n-1)Less than or equal to 2 percent, wherein VdnThe dead volume, cm, of the combined measuring device obtained for the nth adjustment calculation3；Vd(n-1)The dead volume, cm, of the combined measuring device obtained for the (n-1) th adjustment calculation3。
4. The method for simultaneous measurement of tight rock pore permeability under formation pressure according to claim 1, wherein in step S17, i is a positive integer less than 10.
5. The method for simultaneous measurement of tight rock pore permeability under formation pressure according to claim 1, wherein the standard core is a steel core.
6. The method for simultaneous measurement of tight rock pore permeability under formation pressure according to claim 1, wherein step S2 comprises the following steps:
s21: adjusting the volume of the variable volume pressure chamber to the optimized volume, and then loading a target core into the core holder;
s22: opening a confining pressure pump and a valve III, and raising the confining pressure of the rock core holder to the overburden rock pressure under the simulated formation condition through a pressure controller II; opening a first valve, a second valve and a three-way valve, starting a vacuum pump, and vacuumizing the whole joint measurement device;
s23: closing the three-way valve, opening the high-pressure gas source, the first valve and the second valve, increasing the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber to the pore fluid pressure under the simulated formation condition through the first pressure controller, and closing the high-pressure gas source, the first valve and the second valve;
s24: opening a high-pressure gas source and a first valve, increasing the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber to a third preset pressure through a first pressure controller, closing the high-pressure gas source and the first valve, and recording the pressure of the variable-volume pressure chamber after the pressure monitored by the first pressure monitoring device is stable;
s25: and opening a second valve to enable gas to enter the core holder in an isothermal expansion mode, collecting the pressure attenuation condition of the variable-volume pressure chamber in the isothermal expansion process of the gas through a data collection device until the pressure of the whole system is balanced, and simultaneously drawing a pressure attenuation curve.
7. The method for simultaneous measurement of permeability of tight rock pores under formation pressure according to claim 6, wherein when the pressure attenuation curve is drawn, the fluctuation point in the pressure attenuation curve is removed until the logarithmic curve of the attenuation curve is a straight line with a correlation degree of 0.99 or more.
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