CN112921186A - Method for extracting metal aluminum from household garbage incinerator slag - Google Patents
Method for extracting metal aluminum from household garbage incinerator slag Download PDFInfo
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- CN112921186A CN112921186A CN202110130734.1A CN202110130734A CN112921186A CN 112921186 A CN112921186 A CN 112921186A CN 202110130734 A CN202110130734 A CN 202110130734A CN 112921186 A CN112921186 A CN 112921186A
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- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 85
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 masonry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000859 sublimation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008022 sublimation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0007—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap or any other metal source
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/02—Magnetic separation acting directly on the substance being separated
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B4/00—Separating solids from solids by subjecting their mixture to gas currents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/04—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from solid material, e.g. by crushing, grinding or milling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B21/00—Obtaining aluminium
- C22B21/0038—Obtaining aluminium by other processes
- C22B21/0069—Obtaining aluminium by other processes from scrap, skimmings or any secondary source aluminium, e.g. recovery of alloy constituents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of resource recycling, in particular to a method for extracting metal aluminum from household garbage incinerator slag, which comprises the following steps: step one, carrying out magnetic separation on household garbage incinerator slag; step two, carrying out eddy current sorting on the nonferrous slag; step three, ball milling; step four, crushing and drying; and step five, fluidizing. The extraction method does not add water and any chemical reagent, has the characteristics of environmental protection and low cost, and the purity of the extracted metal aluminum is up to 99%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of resource recycling, in particular to a method for extracting metal aluminum from household garbage incinerator slag.
Background
The increasing of domestic garbage yield in cities and towns in China has become a bottleneck restricting the economic development of China. According to the characteristics of classified garbage, landfill or incineration treatment is mainly adopted at present, wherein the incineration treatment has the advantages of low cost and less resource waste. However, the waste is incinerated to generate by-product slag which mainly comprises residual incineration residues on the fire grates and particles falling from the space between the fire grates. According to reports, about 20 percent of slag is generated by burning each ton of domestic garbage, and the waste burning slag is complex and mainly comprises ceramics, masonry, glass, slag, metal and the like.
Aluminum is a metal in slag, and is mainly derived from aluminum pop cans and aluminum foil packaging materials of foods, medicines and the like. In the process of burning the garbage, because the temperature of the incinerator is higher than the melting point of the metal aluminum, the aluminum is melted, and aluminum blocks with different sizes and shapes are formed when the slag is cooled. Because the composition of the household garbage is complex, aluminum in the slag after incineration is coated or slag and other impurities are adhered to the surface, so that the low-purity coarse aluminum blocks cannot be directly used as raw materials in the field of aluminum or aluminum alloy production.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for extracting metal aluminum in household garbage incinerator slag with high purity aiming at the defects of the prior art.
A method for extracting metallic aluminum from household garbage incinerator slag comprises the following steps which are sequentially executed:
step one, carrying out magnetic separation on household garbage incinerator slag to obtain ferromagnetic metal and non-ferrous slag;
step two, carrying out eddy current separation on the nonferrous slag to obtain a coarse copper block and a coarse aluminum block;
step three, placing the coarse aluminum block into a ball mill for ball milling to enable impurities on the surface of the coarse aluminum block to fall off, and then sieving to separate the coarse aluminum block and impurity powder;
step four, conveying the coarse aluminum blocks obtained in the step three to a sand making machine for crushing, and then drying to obtain dry powder;
step five, the dry powder material obtained in the step four is sent to a fluidized bed, dry ice is added and heated, and the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is adjusted to enable the dry powder material to be in a fluidized state;
and step six, the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is increased, so that the light nonmetal in the dry powder material overflows from the top of the fluidized bed, and the metal aluminum is collected at the bottom of the fluidized bed.
In the above technical scheme, in the first step, ferromagnetic metal with relative magnetic permeability greater than 1.5 is used, and non-ferrous slag with relative magnetic permeability less than or equal to 1.5 is used, and the non-ferrous slag comprises copper, aluminum, ceramic and glass.
In the above technical solution, the stepsIn step two, the conductivity is 5 x 107S/m～6*107Coarse copper blocks between S/m, the conductivity of the copper blocks is 3 x 107S/m～4*107And a coarse aluminum block is arranged between S/m.
In the technical scheme, in the third step, the coarse aluminum blocks are placed in a ball mill for ball milling for 15-25 minutes, so that impurities are separated from the surfaces of the coarse aluminum blocks, and after ball milling is continued, the coarse aluminum blocks are sieved by a sieve of 10-15 meshes, so that impurity powder is separated from the coarse aluminum blocks.
In the technical scheme, in the fourth step, the coarse aluminum block is sent to a sand making machine to be ground into powder with the particle size of 0.1-1 mm, and then the powder is dried for 4-5 hours at the temperature of 110-120 ℃ to remove the moisture in the powder, so that the particles of the powder are independently dispersed and are not mutually bonded, and the fluidization treatment is conveniently carried out.
In the technical scheme, in the fifth step, the dry powder is sent to a fluidized bed, dry ice with the dry powder mass fraction of 0.05% -0.1% is added, and the mixture is heated to 60-70 ℃.
In the above technical scheme, the gas in the fluidized bed is inert gas.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method for extracting the metal aluminum does not add water and any chemical reagent, does not need subsequent water separation and chemical reagent treatment, and has the characteristics of environmental friendliness and low cost.
(2) The method treats the domestic waste incinerator slag through the steps of magnetic separation, eddy current separation, ball milling, crushing, drying and fluidization, and the purity of the extracted metal aluminum is as high as 99%.
(3) The invention utilizes the pressure of the fluidized bed and the explosive force of sublimation of the dry ice, can more thoroughly separate the light nonmetal from the metal aluminum, and has the characteristic of high separation efficiency.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
A method for extracting metallic aluminum from household garbage incinerator slag comprises the following steps which are sequentially executed:
step one, carrying out magnetic separation on household garbage incinerator slag, wherein ferromagnetic metal with the relative magnetic conductivity larger than 1.5 is adopted, and non-iron slag with the relative magnetic conductivity smaller than or equal to 1.5 is adopted, and the non-iron slag comprises copper, aluminum, ceramic and glass;
step two, carrying out eddy current separation on the nonferrous slag, wherein the conductivity is 5 x 107S/m～6*107Coarse copper blocks between S/m, the conductivity of the copper blocks is 3 x 107S/m～4*107A coarse aluminum block is arranged between S/m;
step three, placing the coarse aluminum block into a ball mill for ball milling for 15-25 minutes to enable impurities to fall off from the surface of the coarse aluminum block, and after ball milling is continued, sieving through a sieve of 10-15 meshes to separate impurity powder from the coarse aluminum block;
step four, conveying the coarse aluminum blocks obtained in the step three to a sand making machine, crushing the coarse aluminum blocks into powder with the particle size of 0.1-1 mm, and drying the powder for 4-5 hours at the temperature of 110-120 ℃ to remove water in the powder;
fifthly, the dry powder obtained in the fourth step is sent to a fluidized bed, dry ice with the dry powder mass fraction of 0.05% -0.1% is added, the mixture is heated to 60-70 ℃, and the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is adjusted to enable the dry powder to be in a fluidized state;
and step six, the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is increased, so that the light nonmetal in the dry powder material overflows from the top of the fluidized bed, and the metal aluminum is collected at the bottom of the fluidized bed.
In the fifth step and the sixth step, the gas in the fluidized bed is inert gas.
For the first step, because the relative permeability of the copper and the alloy thereof, the aluminum and the alloy thereof is close to 1, the non-iron slag with the relative permeability less than or equal to 1.5 is selected, the types of metals in the non-iron slag can be minimized, the subsequent separation is convenient, the aluminum and the alloy thereof can be completely reserved, and a part of the aluminum and the alloy thereof cannot be discarded due to the selection of the relative permeability of 1.
For step two, the conductivity of the aluminum was 3.5 x 107S/m, copper conductivity 5.7 x 107S/m, in the range of conductivity 3 x 107S/m～4*107And the S/m selects a coarse aluminum block, so that aluminum and alloy thereof can be ensured to be reserved, and material waste is avoided.
And step three, because the household garbage incinerator slag is obtained by high-temperature (above 700 ℃) incineration and is in a glass state, metal is easy to adhere to ceramic, glass and other impurities, and the impurities on the surface of the coarse aluminum block can be removed by ball milling through a ball mill, so that the purity of the coarse aluminum block is improved.
As for the fourth step, the coarse aluminum blocks are crushed to have the particle size of 0.1-1 mm, so that impurities which do not fall off from the surfaces of the coarse aluminum blocks in the third step can be further separated from the coarse aluminum, and the subsequent fluidization separation and purification are facilitated; drying for 4-5 hours at the temperature of 110-120 ℃, removing water in the powder, and enabling particles of the powder to be independently dispersed without mutual adhesion so as to be convenient for better fluidization treatment.
For step five and step six, the light nonmetal is in a fluidized state under the pressure of the fluidized bed, and the metallic aluminum is positioned at the bottom of the fluidized bed due to the heavy weight; because the dry ice is sublimated at the temperature of minus 78 ℃, after the dry ice is contacted with the dry powder, the volume of the dry ice can be instantly expanded by hundreds of times, so that the explosion phenomenon is generated, and all particles in the dry powder are separated, thereby intensifying the fluidization degree of the light nonmetal; and the impact of the atmosphere flow velocity on the light nonmetal is adjusted, so that the light nonmetal is taken out from the top of the fluidized bed, and the separation of the light nonmetal and the metal aluminum is realized.
The temperature of the fluidized bed is set to be 60-70 ℃, so that the condition that water vapor in the air is condensed into liquid water after contacting with the dry ice can be avoided, and subsequent water separation is not needed.
The gas in the fluidized bed is selected from inert gas, so that the oxygen in the air can be prevented from reacting with metal to influence the metal purity.
Example 1
A method for extracting metallic aluminum from household garbage incinerator slag comprises the following steps which are sequentially executed:
step one, carrying out magnetic separation on household garbage incineration slag, wherein the household garbage incineration slag is non-iron slag with the relative magnetic conductivity less than or equal to 1.5, and the non-iron slag comprises copper, aluminum, ceramic and glass;
step two, carrying out eddy current separation on the nonferrous slag, wherein the conductivity is 3.5 to 107S/m is a coarse aluminum block;
step three, placing the coarse aluminum block into a ball mill for ball milling for 20 minutes to ensure that impurities are removed from the surface of the coarse aluminum block, and sieving through a 10-mesh sieve to separate impurity powder from the coarse aluminum block after ball milling is continued;
step four, conveying the coarse aluminum blocks obtained in the step three to a sand making machine, grinding the coarse aluminum blocks to powder with the particle size of 0.1mm, and then drying the powder for 5 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ to remove the moisture in the powder;
step five, the dry powder obtained in the step four is sent to a fluidized bed, dry ice with the dry powder mass fraction of 0.1% is added, the dry ice is heated to 65 ℃, and the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is adjusted to enable the dry powder to be in a fluidized state;
and step six, the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is increased, so that the light nonmetal in the dry powder material overflows from the top of the fluidized bed, and the metal aluminum is collected at the bottom of the fluidized bed.
In the fifth step and the sixth step, the gas in the fluidized bed is nitrogen.
In this example, the purity of the finally collected metallic aluminum was 99.99%.
Example 2
A method for extracting metallic aluminum from household garbage incinerator slag comprises the following steps which are sequentially executed:
step one, carrying out magnetic separation on household garbage incineration slag, wherein the household garbage incineration slag is non-iron slag with the relative magnetic conductivity less than or equal to 1.5, and the non-iron slag comprises copper, aluminum, ceramic and glass;
step two, carrying out eddy current separation on the nonferrous slag, wherein the conductivity is 3 x 107S/m～4*107S/m is a coarse aluminum block;
step three, placing the coarse aluminum block into a ball mill for ball milling for 20 minutes to ensure that impurities are removed from the surface of the coarse aluminum block, and sieving through a 10-mesh sieve to separate impurity powder from the coarse aluminum block after ball milling is continued;
step four, conveying the coarse aluminum blocks obtained in the step three to a sand making machine, grinding the coarse aluminum blocks to powder with the particle size of 0.1mm, and then drying the powder for 5 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ to remove the moisture in the powder;
step five, the dry powder obtained in the step four is sent to a fluidized bed, dry ice with the dry powder mass fraction of 0.1% is added, the dry ice is heated to 65 ℃, and the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is adjusted to enable the dry powder to be in a fluidized state;
and step six, the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is increased, so that the light nonmetal in the dry powder material overflows from the top of the fluidized bed, and the metal aluminum is collected at the bottom of the fluidized bed.
In the fifth step and the sixth step, the gas in the fluidized bed is nitrogen.
In this example, the purity of the finally collected metallic aluminum was 99.58%.
Example 3
A method for extracting metallic aluminum from household garbage incinerator slag comprises the following steps which are sequentially executed:
step one, carrying out magnetic separation on household garbage incineration slag, wherein the household garbage incineration slag is non-iron slag with the relative magnetic conductivity less than or equal to 1.5, and the non-iron slag comprises copper, aluminum, ceramic and glass;
step two, carrying out eddy current separation on the nonferrous slag, wherein the conductivity is 3.5 to 107S/m is a coarse aluminum block;
step three, placing the coarse aluminum block into a ball mill for ball milling for 20 minutes to ensure that impurities are removed from the surface of the coarse aluminum block, and sieving through a 10-mesh sieve to separate impurity powder from the coarse aluminum block after ball milling is continued;
step four, conveying the coarse aluminum blocks obtained in the step three to a sand making machine, crushing the coarse aluminum blocks into powder with the particle size of 1mm, and then drying the powder for 5 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ to remove the moisture in the powder;
step five, the dry powder obtained in the step four is sent to a fluidized bed, dry ice with the dry powder mass fraction of 0.1% is added, the dry ice is heated to 65 ℃, and the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is adjusted to enable the dry powder to be in a fluidized state;
and step six, the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is increased, so that the light nonmetal in the dry powder material overflows from the top of the fluidized bed, and the metal aluminum is collected at the bottom of the fluidized bed.
In the fifth step and the sixth step, the gas in the fluidized bed is nitrogen.
In this example, the purity of the finally collected metallic aluminum was 99.6%.
Comparative example 1
A method for extracting metallic aluminum from household garbage incinerator slag comprises the following steps which are sequentially executed:
step one, carrying out magnetic separation on household garbage incineration slag, wherein the household garbage incineration slag is non-iron slag with the relative magnetic conductivity less than or equal to 1.5, and the non-iron slag comprises copper, aluminum, ceramic and glass;
step two, carrying out eddy current separation on the nonferrous slag, wherein the conductivity is 3.5 to 107S/m is a coarse aluminum block;
step three, placing the coarse aluminum block into a ball mill for ball milling for 20 minutes to ensure that impurities are removed from the surface of the coarse aluminum block, and sieving through a 10-mesh sieve to separate impurity powder from the coarse aluminum block after ball milling is continued;
step four, conveying the coarse aluminum blocks obtained in the step three to a sand making machine, grinding the coarse aluminum blocks to powder with the particle size of 0.1mm, and then drying the powder for 3 hours at the temperature of 90 ℃ to remove the moisture in the powder;
step five, the dry powder obtained in the step four is sent to a fluidized bed, dry ice with the dry powder mass fraction of 0.1% is added, the dry ice is heated to 65 ℃, and the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is adjusted to enable the dry powder to be in a fluidized state;
and step six, the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is increased, so that the light nonmetal in the dry powder material overflows from the top of the fluidized bed, and the metal aluminum is collected at the bottom of the fluidized bed.
In the fifth step and the sixth step, the gas in the fluidized bed is nitrogen.
In this example, the purity of the finally collected metallic aluminum was 97.4%.
Comparative example 2
A method for extracting metallic aluminum from household garbage incinerator slag comprises the following steps which are sequentially executed:
step one, carrying out magnetic separation on household garbage incineration slag, wherein the household garbage incineration slag is non-iron slag with the relative magnetic conductivity less than or equal to 1.5, and the non-iron slag comprises copper, aluminum, ceramic and glass;
step two, carrying out eddy current separation on the nonferrous slag, wherein the conductivity is 3.5 to 107S/m is a coarse aluminum block;
step three, placing the coarse aluminum block into a ball mill for ball milling for 20 minutes to ensure that impurities are removed from the surface of the coarse aluminum block, and sieving through a 10-mesh sieve to separate impurity powder from the coarse aluminum block after ball milling is continued;
step four, conveying the coarse aluminum blocks obtained in the step three to a sand making machine, grinding the coarse aluminum blocks to powder with the particle size of 0.1mm, and then drying the powder for 5 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ to remove the moisture in the powder;
step five, the dry powder obtained in the step four is sent to a fluidized bed, dry ice with the dry powder mass fraction of 0.1% is added, and the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is adjusted to enable the dry powder to be in a fluidized state;
and step six, the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is increased, so that the light nonmetal in the dry powder material overflows from the top of the fluidized bed, and the metal aluminum is collected at the bottom of the fluidized bed.
In the fifth step and the sixth step, the gas in the fluidized bed is nitrogen.
In this example, the purity of the finally collected metallic aluminum was 95%.
Comparative example 3
A method for extracting metallic aluminum from household garbage incinerator slag comprises the following steps which are sequentially executed:
step one, carrying out magnetic separation on household garbage incineration slag, wherein the household garbage incineration slag is non-iron slag with the relative magnetic conductivity less than or equal to 1.5, and the non-iron slag comprises copper, aluminum, ceramic and glass;
step two, carrying out eddy current separation on the nonferrous slag, wherein the conductivity is 3.5 to 107S/m is a coarse aluminum block;
step three, placing the coarse aluminum block into a ball mill for ball milling for 20 minutes to ensure that impurities are removed from the surface of the coarse aluminum block, and sieving through a 10-mesh sieve to separate impurity powder from the coarse aluminum block after ball milling is continued;
step four, conveying the coarse aluminum blocks obtained in the step three to a sand making machine, grinding the coarse aluminum blocks to powder with the particle size of 0.1mm, and then drying the powder for 5 hours at the temperature of 120 ℃ to remove the moisture in the powder;
step five, the dry powder obtained in the step four is sent to a fluidized bed, dry ice with the dry powder mass fraction of 0.1% is added, the dry ice is heated to 50 ℃, and the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is adjusted to enable the dry powder to be in a fluidized state;
and step six, the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is increased, so that the light nonmetal in the dry powder material overflows from the top of the fluidized bed, and the metal aluminum is collected at the bottom of the fluidized bed.
In the fifth step and the sixth step, the gas in the fluidized bed is nitrogen.
In this example, the purity of the finally collected metallic aluminum was 96%.
Analysis of results
From the comparison between example 1 and example 2, the electrical conductivity of the coarse aluminum block was changed from 3.5 x 107S/m is changed to range of 3 x 107S/m～4*107S/m causes the content of alloy and impurities in the coarse aluminum block to be high, and finally, the metal obtained from the fluidized bed contains not simple substance aluminum but alloy and impurities with high density, so the purity of the metal aluminum is relatively low.
Comparing example 1 with example 3, it can be seen that increasing the particle size of the crushed coarse aluminum block from 0.1mm to 1mm results in incomplete separation of the nonmetal and the metal, and a small portion of the nonmetal adheres to the surface of the metal, so that the purity of the aluminum metal finally obtained from the bottom of the fluidized bed is reduced slightly.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 1 and comparative example 1, the drying temperature and time of the powder are reduced, so that the moisture in the powder cannot be completely removed, and the adhesion between the metal aluminum and the nonmetal exists, and the metal aluminum and the nonmetal cannot be completely separated, so that the purity of the finally collected metal aluminum is affected.
As can be seen from the comparison between example 1 and comparative example 2, the fluidized bed is not heated, and the water vapor in the air is condensed into liquid water after contacting with the dry ice and enters the fluidized bed, so that a small amount of light nonmetal and metallic aluminum are not separated, thereby affecting the purity of the finally collected metallic aluminum.
It can be seen from the comparison between example 1 and comparative example 3 that the lower heating temperature of the fluidized bed can cause incomplete separation of light nonmetal and aluminum metal, which affects the purity of the finally collected aluminum metal.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The method for extracting the metal aluminum from the household garbage incinerator slag is characterized by comprising the following steps of sequentially executing:
step one, carrying out magnetic separation on household garbage incinerator slag to obtain ferromagnetic metal and non-ferrous slag;
step two, carrying out eddy current sorting on the nonferrous slag to obtain a coarse aluminum block;
step three, placing the coarse aluminum block into a ball mill for ball milling to enable impurities on the surface of the coarse aluminum block to fall off, and then sieving to separate the coarse aluminum block and impurity powder;
step four, conveying the coarse aluminum blocks obtained in the step three to a sand making machine for crushing, and then drying to obtain dry powder;
step five, the dry powder material obtained in the step four is sent to a fluidized bed, dry ice is added and heated, and the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is adjusted to enable the dry powder material to be in a fluidized state;
and step six, the gas flow rate of the fluidized bed is increased, so that the light nonmetal in the dry powder material overflows from the top of the fluidized bed, and the metal aluminum is collected at the bottom of the fluidized bed.
2. The method for extracting the metallic aluminum from the household garbage incineration slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the first step, ferromagnetic metal with the relative magnetic permeability more than 1.5 is adopted, and non-ferrous slag with the relative magnetic permeability less than or equal to 1.5 is adopted, wherein the non-ferrous slag comprises copper, aluminum, ceramic and glass.
3. The method for extracting the metallic aluminum from the household garbage incineration slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the second step, the conductivity is 5 x 107S/m～6*107Coarse copper blocks between S/m, the conductivity of the copper blocks is 3 x 107S/m～4*107And a coarse aluminum block is arranged between S/m.
4. The method for extracting the metallic aluminum from the household garbage incineration slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the third step, the coarse aluminum blocks are placed in a ball mill for ball milling for 15-25 minutes, so that impurities are separated from the surfaces of the coarse aluminum blocks, and after ball milling is continued, the coarse aluminum blocks are sieved by a sieve of 10-15 meshes, so that impurity powder is separated from the coarse aluminum blocks.
5. The method for extracting the metallic aluminum from the household garbage incineration slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the fourth step, the coarse aluminum block is sent to a sand making machine to be ground into powder with the particle size of 0.1-1 mm, and then the powder is dried for 4-5 hours at the temperature of 110-120 ℃ to remove the moisture in the powder.
6. The method for extracting the metallic aluminum from the household garbage incineration slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and in the fifth step, the dry powder is sent to a fluidized bed, dry ice with the dry powder mass fraction of 0.05% -0.1% is added, and the mixture is heated to 60-70 ℃.
7. The method for extracting the metallic aluminum from the household garbage incineration slag as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the gas in the fluidized bed is inert gas.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114540564A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-27 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for extracting metallic copper from domestic garbage incineration bottom slag copper sand |
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| CN104498719A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 上海大学 | Method for extracting and purifying metal aluminum from eddy current separated materials of municipal refuse incinerator |
| CN105195313A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-30 | 同济大学 | Method for recycling metal and combustibles from domestic waste incineration slag |
| CN112156876A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2021-01-01 | 广东郡睿环保科技有限公司 | Method for improving recovery rate of nonferrous metals in household garbage incinerator slag |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104498719A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 上海大学 | Method for extracting and purifying metal aluminum from eddy current separated materials of municipal refuse incinerator |
| CN105195313A (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2015-12-30 | 同济大学 | Method for recycling metal and combustibles from domestic waste incineration slag |
| CN112156876A (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2021-01-01 | 广东郡睿环保科技有限公司 | Method for improving recovery rate of nonferrous metals in household garbage incinerator slag |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114540564A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-05-27 | 武汉理工大学 | Method for extracting metallic copper from domestic garbage incineration bottom slag copper sand |
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