CN112920795A - 一种小分子探针及其在检测硝基还原酶中的应用 - Google Patents

一种小分子探针及其在检测硝基还原酶中的应用 Download PDF

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CN112920795A
CN112920795A CN202110184994.7A CN202110184994A CN112920795A CN 112920795 A CN112920795 A CN 112920795A CN 202110184994 A CN202110184994 A CN 202110184994A CN 112920795 A CN112920795 A CN 112920795A
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葛璟燕
袁超男
蒋林冶
刘健
洪丹奇
黄金涛
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种小分子探针及其在检测硝基还原酶中的应用,本发明结合硝基还原酶作用原理,设计并合成了一种能够特异性检测具有硝基还原功能的酶的小分子活性探针,形成稳定的酶‑探针复合物,为探究活细胞内硝基还原酶分布及作用机制提供化学工具。

Description

一种小分子探针及其在检测硝基还原酶中的应用
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过硝基还原酶触发的小分子探针及其制备方法与应用。
(二)背景技术
硝基还原酶是含有黄素单核苷酸单元或黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸单元的一类黄素酶。硝基还原酶在辅酶NADH作用下可以识别催化芳香族硝基化合物或含硝基取代的杂环化合物。通常,硝基还原酶存在于微生物中如大肠杆菌等,研究表明在缺氧状态下的细胞、组织以及肿瘤中的硝基还原酶含量相对于正常状态下偏高。在缺氧条件下,NADH作为电子供体,细胞内的硝基还原酶催化硝基芳香族化合物使其发生电子重排,生成硝基阴离子自由基,被进一步还原成羟胺或氨基类化合物。因此,硝基还原酶可以作为检测细胞或生物体缺氧状态的关键指标。硝基还原酶在药物的激活和硝基芳香族化合物的生物降解中也起着关键作用;在研究生物技术、癌症治疗、抑制剂领域拥有巨大的潜力。所以研究细胞体系中的硝基还原酶表达含量水平对了解生物功能起到重要的作用。
本发明开发了一种高灵敏性、高选择性、操作方便的活细胞内硝基还原酶检测新方法,结合生物正交基团,设计并合成了一种通过甲基苯醌结构与酶蛋白亲和性部分形成稳定酶-探针复合物的小分子探针,使蛋白质被探针标记,为探究活细胞内硝基还原酶分布及作用机制提供化学工具。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种甲基苯醌结构小分子探针及其在检测硝基还原酶中的应用,为探究活细胞内硝基还原类酶的分布及作用机制提供化学工具。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
本发明提供一种式(I)所示的小分子探针,
Figure BDA0002942742350000021
本发明式(I)所示小分子探针制备反应路线如下:
Figure BDA0002942742350000022
本发明还提供一种式(I)所示小分子探针的制备方法,所述方法按照如下步骤进行:
(1)将化合物(1-2)溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入碳酸钾,逐滴加入对硝基溴化苄,室温下搅拌反应4小时后,用乙酸乙酯萃取(优选3次),有机相水洗,饱和水盐水洗涤,用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液旋蒸除去有机溶剂后,浓缩物通过硅胶薄层层析色谱法纯化,以体积比1:1的乙酸乙酯/石油醚为展开剂,收集Rf值为0.2-0.3的组分,得到化合物(1-3);
(2)将步骤(1)制备的化合物(1-3)溶于无水二氯甲烷中,加入二乙胺基三氟化硫,0~25℃反应2-10小时后,用乙酸乙酯萃取(优选3次),有机相水洗(优选3次),饱和盐水洗涤(优选2次),用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液旋蒸除去有机溶剂后,浓缩物通过硅胶薄层层析色谱法纯化,以体积比1:4的乙酸乙酯/石油醚为展开剂,收集Rf值为0.2-0.4的组分,得到式(I)所示小分子探针。
进一步,步骤(1)中无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺体积用量以式(1-2)所示化合物物质的量计为10~30mL/mmol,优选20mL/mmol;式(1-2)所示化合物与碳酸钾物质的量之比为1:1~5,优选1:3;式(1-2)所示化合物与对硝基溴化苄的投料物质的量之比为1:0.5-2,优选1:1。
进一步,步骤(2)中无水二氯甲烷体积用量以式(1-3)所示化合物物质的量计为5~8mL/mmol,优选6.7mL/mmol;式(1-3)所示化合物与二乙胺基三氟化硫的投料物质的量之比为1:1-5,优选1:3。
进一步,步骤(2)所述反应在0℃冰浴下反应30分钟后,再在室温下反应3-4小时,所述室温为25-30℃。
进一步,步骤(1)所述化合物(1-2)按如下步骤制备:将4-羟基扁桃酸(1-1)溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中,缓慢加入炔丙胺,加入1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBt),冰浴搅拌(0℃冰浴中搅拌10分钟),再加入1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC)和N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIEA),氮气保护下,冰浴反应15min后转室温(25-30℃)反应16小时,反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取(优选三次),收集有机相用水洗(优选三次),饱和食盐水水洗(优选二次),有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液旋蒸除去有机溶剂,浓缩物通过硅胶薄层色谱法纯化,以体积比8:1的二氯甲烷/甲醇为展开剂,收集Rf为0.3~0.4之间的组分,得到化合物(1-2)。
进一步,无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺体积用量以式(1-1)所示化合物物质的量计为1-2mL/mmol,优选1.8mL/mmol;式(1-1)所示化合物与炔丙胺物质的量之比为1:0.5-2,优选1:1;式(1-1)所示化合物与1-羟基苯并三唑物质的量之比为1:0.001-0.1,优选1:0.019;式(1-1)所示化合物与1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐物质的量之比为1:1-2,优选1:1.5;式(1-1)所示化合物与N,N-二异丙基乙胺的投料物质的量之比为1:1-2,优选1:1.5。
本发明还提供一种式(I)所示小分子探针在制备硝基还原酶检测剂中的应用,所述检测剂能够特异性标记硝基还原酶。所述硝基还原酶由大肠杆菌表达。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益效果主要体现在:本发明结合硝基还原酶作用原理,设计并合成了一种能够特异性检测具有硝基还原功能的酶的小分子活性探针,该探针能够与大肠杆菌表达的硝基还原酶选择性反应,形成稳定的酶-探针复合物,达到蛋白标记效果,为探究活细胞内硝基还原酶分布及作用机制提供了一种简单、准确、高效的新方法。
(四)附图说明
图1为本发明中探针(I)的核磁氢谱。
图2为本发明中探针(I)的核磁碳谱。
图3为本发明中通过凝胶内荧光成像和考马斯亮蓝染色的探针(I)的硝基还原酶标记图。其中,A为凝胶荧光成像图,泳道从左往右依次为实施例4中的对照组一、对照组二、实验组(探针浓度依次为0μM、5μM、20μM、50μM、100μM);B为A对应的考马斯亮蓝染色胶图,泳道与A相同。
图4为本发明中通过凝胶内荧光成像和考马斯亮蓝染色的探针(I)的细胞内硝基还原酶标记图谱。其中,A为凝胶内荧光成像图,泳道从左往右依次为实施例5中的实验组(探针浓度依次为2.5μM、5μM、10μM)、预染蛋白质Marker(Thermo#26616)对照组。B为A对应的考马斯亮蓝染色胶图,泳道与A相同。
(五)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:
本发明所述室温是指25-30℃。本发明冰浴为0℃下进行。
实施例1化合物(1-2)的合成
Figure BDA0002942742350000041
将4-羟基扁桃酸(1-1,451mg,2.68mmol)加入到装有5mL无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的圆底烧瓶中,随后缓慢加入炔丙胺(190μL,2.68mmol),HOBt(68mg,0.05mmol),冰浴中搅拌10分钟,再加入EDC(782mg,4.08mmol)和DIEA(0.70mL,4.01mmol),氮气保护下,冰浴反应15分钟后转至室温反应16小时,反应过程中用薄层层析(TCL)方法检测追踪。反应结束后,乙酸乙酯萃取三次,有机相用水洗(3x10 mL),饱和NaCl洗涤(2x10 mL),合并有机相并用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液旋蒸除去有机溶剂得浓缩物即粗产物,经硅胶薄层层析纯化(展开剂为二氯甲烷/甲醇(D:M)=8:1,v/v),收集Rf为0.3~0.4之间的组分,得到0.428g化合物(1-2),产率78.0%。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)δ9.38(s,1H),8.35(t,J=5.8Hz,1H),7.18(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.71(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.02(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),4.82(d,J=4.5Hz,1H),3.85(dt,J=5.6,2.8Hz,2H),3.04(t,J=2.4Hz,1H).
实施例2化合物(1-3)的合成
Figure BDA0002942742350000051
将化合物(1-2)(100mg,0.49mmol)加入到装有10ml无水DMF的圆底烧瓶中,再加入K2CO3(202mg,1.47mmol),逐滴滴加对硝基溴化苄(105mg,0.49mmol),室温下搅拌反应4小时。反应结束后,反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,有机相用水洗(3x10mL),饱和NaCl洗涤(2x10mL),合并有机相并用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液旋蒸除去有机溶剂得粗产物,浓缩物经硅胶薄层层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚E:P=1:1,v/v),收集Rf为0.3的组分,得到0.148g化合物(1-3),产率74.0%。
1H NMR(500MHz,DMSO)δ8.38(t,J=5.9Hz,1H),8.26(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.71(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.33(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),6.99(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),6.12(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),5.28(s,2H),4.89(d,J=4.6Hz,1H),3.85(t,J=5.7Hz,2H),3.05(t,J=2.5Hz,1H).
13C NMR(126MHz,DMSO)δ172.18,157.29,146.96,145.14,133.83,131.30,128.12,127.87,123.59,114.32,81.31,72.86,72.55,67.98,39.85,39.69,39.52,39.35,39.18,27.73.
实施例3化合物(I)的合成
Figure BDA0002942742350000061
将化合物(1-3)(500mg,1.47mmol)加入到10ml的无水二氯甲烷的圆底烧瓶中,加入二乙胺基三氟化硫(712mg,4.42mmol),0℃冰浴下反应30分钟后,转室温反应4小时。反应结束后,反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取三次,有机相用水洗(3x10mL),饱和NaCl洗涤(2x10 mL),用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液旋蒸除去有机溶剂得粗产物,浓缩物经硅胶薄层层析分离(乙酸乙酯/石油醚E:P=1:4,v/v),收集Rf为0.3的组分,得到0.438g产物,即为式(I)所示小分子探针,产率87.0%。核磁氢谱见图1,核磁碳谱见图2所示。
1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.25(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.60(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.42–7.37(m,2H),6.99(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),6.78(s,1H),5.75(d,J=48.4Hz,1H),5.19(s,2H),4.15(dd,J=5.3,2.4Hz,2H),2.30(t,J=2.6Hz,1H).
13C NMR(126MHz,CDCl3)δ168.43,168.25,159.08,147.62,144.04,128.68,127.57,123.84,115.03,92.19,90.70,78.68,72.19,68.69,28.95.
实施例4评价探针I对硝基还原酶的标记作用
(1)探针浓度对标记的影响
实验组:在10mM、pH 7.4磷酸缓冲溶液25μL中加入实施例3制备的探针(I),使其终浓度分别为0μM、5μM、20μM、50μM、100μM,再分别加入终浓度500μM的NADH和终浓度为100μg/mL的硝基还原酶(NTR,25320U/g)。
对照组一(即图中无NADH):在10mM、pH 7.4磷酸缓冲溶液25μL中加入实施例3制备的探针(I),使其终浓度为50μM,再加入终浓度为100μg/mL的硝基还原酶(NTR,25320U/g)。
对照组二(即图中BSA):在10mM、pH 7.4磷酸缓冲溶液25μL中加入实施例3制备的探针(I),使其终浓度为50μM,再分别加入终浓度500μM的NADH和终浓度为100μg/mL的牛血清蛋白。
点击化学溶液组成:1μL 5mM TER-N3(罗丹明叠氮,溶剂为二甲基亚砜,参考文献Chem.Commun.,2017,53,8443-8446),1μL 10mM THPTA(三(3-羟丙基三唑甲基)胺,溶剂为二甲基亚砜),1μL 100mM TCEP(三(2-羧乙基)膦盐酸盐,溶剂为去离子水),1μL 100mMCuSO4(五水硫酸铜,溶剂为去离子水)。
以上各组样品在37℃下900rpm震荡反应4小时,反应结束后每个样品分别加入4μL新鲜配置的点击化学溶液,在25℃,900rpm下震荡孵育2小时,反应结束后,加入5倍体积-20℃预冷的丙酮,在-20℃放置1小时。随后进行离心(12,000g×10分钟,4℃),弃去上清液,置于通风橱中让残留的丙酮挥发直至沉淀开始收缩,然后将残余沉淀重新置于30μL 1×标准SDS上样缓冲液(购置碧云天生物技术公司,P0015L)中,25KHz超声处理10分钟使其完全溶解,并在95℃下加热10分钟以使其变性,然后加入到12%SDS-PAGE凝胶孔中,进行电泳。取出凝胶,利用赛默飞iBright1500蛋白免疫印迹成像仪进行扫描,最后将凝胶用考马斯亮蓝G250溶液染色。
结果如图3所示,根据凝胶内荧光成像图和考马斯亮蓝染色图发现,在对照组一(无NADH)中,探针(I)没有成功标记硝基还原酶,进一步说明硝基还原酶需要在NADH的存在下才能发挥作用;探针(I)对对照组二(BSA)没有显示出标记效果,但能成功标记到硝基还原酶蛋白,并且随探针浓度的增加标记蛋白量增多,当探针浓度为5μM时即有较好的标记效果。
实施例5评价探针(I)对大肠杆菌硝基还原酶的特异性标记作用
含硝基还原酶表达菌株来源于大连理工大学,参考文献ChemBioChem,2015,16,1219-1225.将菌株单菌落接种于3mL的LB培养基中,37℃,180rpm震荡10-14小时。培养结束后,菌液于8000rpm/min,4℃离心收集菌体,并用10μM PMSF的PBS(10mM、pH 7.4)溶液(苯甲基磺酰氟,以10mM PMSF甲醇溶液形式加入)重悬,利用超声波细胞破碎仪在20KHz下破碎2分钟,12000rpm/min离心5min收集上清,得到硝基还原酶表达型大肠杆菌裂解液,经考马斯亮蓝法检测,并用10mM、pH 7.4PBS溶液定量稀释至2mg/mL。LB培养基组成:胰蛋白胨10g/L、酵母提取物5g/L、NaCl 10g/L,溶剂为水,pH7.0。
实验组:在10mM、pH 7.4PBS溶液50μL中加入探针(I),使其终浓度为2.5μM、5μM、10μM,再加入终浓度500μM的NADH和终浓度为100μg/μL的硝基还原酶(NTR,25320U/g),以及硝基还原酶表达型大肠杆菌裂解液,使该裂解液蛋白质终浓度为100μg/μL。
对照组:在10mM、pH 7.4PBS溶液50μL中加入探针(I),使其终浓度为5μM,NADH终浓度为500μM和终浓度为100μg/μL的硝基还原酶(NTR,25320U/g)。
以上各组样品在37℃下900rpm震荡反应4小时,反应结束后每个样品分别加入4μL新鲜配置的点击化学溶液(同实施例4),在25℃,900rpm下震荡孵育2小时,反应结束后,加入5倍体积-20℃预冷的丙酮,在-20℃放置1小时。随后进行离心(12,000g×10分钟,4℃),弃去上清液,置于通风橱中让残留的丙酮挥发直至沉淀开始收缩,然后将残余沉淀重新置于30μL 1×标准SDS上样缓冲液(同实施例4)中,25Hz超声处理10分钟使其完全溶解,并在95℃下加热10分钟以使其变性,加入到12%SDS-PAGE凝胶孔中,进行电泳。取出凝胶,利用赛默飞iBright1500成像仪进行扫描,最后将凝胶用考马斯亮蓝G250溶液染色。
结果如图4所示,根据凝胶内荧光成像图和考马斯亮蓝染色图发现,探针(I)能特异性标记硝基还原酶,并且随探针浓度的增加,所标记蛋白量增多,标记效果逐渐增强,且标记条带与对照组中纯NTR的标记位置一致。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明方法及其核心思想。应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求保护范围内。

Claims (9)

1.一种式(I)所示的小分子探针,
Figure FDA0002942742340000011
2.一种权利要求1所述小分子探针的制备方法,其特征在于所述方法按如下步骤进行:
(1)将式(1-2)所示化合物溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,加入碳酸钾,逐滴加入对硝基溴化苄,室温下搅拌反应4小时后,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相水洗,饱和水盐水洗涤,用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液旋蒸除去有机溶剂后,浓缩物通过硅胶薄层层析色谱法纯化,以体积比1:1的乙酸乙酯/石油醚为展开剂,收集Rf值为0.2-0.3的组分,得到式(1-3)所示化合物;
(2)将步骤(1)制备的式(1-3)所示化合物溶于无水二氯甲烷中,加入二乙胺基三氟化硫,0~25℃反应2-10小时后,用乙酸乙酯萃取,有机相水洗,饱和盐水洗涤,用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液旋蒸除去有机溶剂后,浓缩物通过硅胶薄层层析色谱法纯化,以体积比1:4的乙酸乙酯/石油醚为展开剂,收集Rf值为0.2-0.4的组分,得到式(I)所示小分子探针;
Figure FDA0002942742340000012
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(1)中无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺体积用量以式(1-2)所示化合物物质的量计为10~30mL/mmol;式(1-2)所示化合物与碳酸钾物质的量之比为1:1~5;式(1-2)所示化合物与对硝基溴化苄的投料物质的量之比为1:0.5-2。
4.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(2)中无水二氯甲烷体积用量以式(1-3)所示化合物物质的量计为5~8mL/mmol;式(1-3)所示化合物与二乙胺基三氟化硫的投料物质的量之比为1:1-5。
5.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(2)所述反应在0℃冰浴下反应30分钟后,再在室温下反应3-4小时。
6.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于步骤(1)式(1-2)所示化合物按如下步骤制备:将式(1-1)所示4-羟基扁桃酸溶于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,缓慢加入炔丙胺,加入1-羟基苯并三唑,冰浴搅拌,再加入1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N,N-二异丙基乙胺,氮气保护下,冰浴反应15分钟后转室温反应16小时,反应液用乙酸乙酯萃取,收集有机相用水洗,饱和食盐水洗,有机相用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,滤液旋蒸除去有机溶剂,浓缩物通过硅胶薄层色谱法纯化,以体积比8:1的二氯甲烷/甲醇为展开剂,收集Rf为0.3~0.4之间的组分,得到式(1-2)所示化合物;
Figure FDA0002942742340000021
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺体积用量以式(1-1)所示化合物物质的量计为1-2mL/mmol;式(1-1)所示化合物与炔丙胺物质的量之比为1:0.5-2;式(1-1)所示化合物与1-羟基苯并三唑物质的量之比为1:0.001-0.1;式(1-1)所示化合物与1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐物质的量之比为1:1-2;式(1-1)所示化合物与N,N-二异丙基乙胺的投料物质的量之比为1:1-2。
8.一种权利要求1所述式(I)所示小分子探针在制备硝基还原酶检测剂中的应用。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于所述所述硝基还原酶由大肠杆菌表达。
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