CN112920291A - Squid sector bone beta-chitosan and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Squid sector bone beta-chitosan and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112920291A CN112920291A CN202110371625.9A CN202110371625A CN112920291A CN 112920291 A CN112920291 A CN 112920291A CN 202110371625 A CN202110371625 A CN 202110371625A CN 112920291 A CN112920291 A CN 112920291A
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0027—2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/003—Chitin, i.e. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-(beta-1,4)-D-glucan or N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosamine; Chitosan, i.e. deacetylated product of chitin or (beta-1,4)-D-glucosamine; Derivatives thereof
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
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Abstract
The invention provides squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: drying and crushing squid fan-shaped bones, adding dilute hydrochloric acid for demineralization after screening, assisting in ultrasonic water bath, filtering, and washing filter residues to be neutral by adding water; adding appropriate amount of alkali solution into the filter residue, performing deproteinization and deacetylation treatment under high temperature and high pressure, filtering, and repeatedly washing the filter residue to neutrality; drying the filter residue at low temperature in vacuum; the invention adopts deproteinization and deacetylation reaction, and under the condition of high-temperature steam pressurization, heat energy is converted into mechanical energy, so that hydrogen bonds in molecules can be destroyed, and the reaction is easier to carry out; the invention adopts the ultrasonic wave assisted hydrochloric acid method and the high temperature and high pressure method to prepare the beta-chitosan, has simple process, short required time, less environmental pollution, high purity of the obtained beta-chitosan, good color, no toxicity and harm, high molecular weight and high deacetylation degree, and is particularly suitable for products in the fields of food, biomedical materials, environmental protection and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of modern biotechnology, and particularly relates to squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan with high molecular weight and high deacetylation degree, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Chitosan is also called chitosan, chitin, etc., is the second largest natural high molecular active ingredient with annual output inferior to cellulose, belongs to amino polysaccharide, and is known as the sixth vital element of human body. Chitosan has the advantages of safety, no toxicity, antibacterial property, strong adsorption force, oxidation resistance, moisture retention, biodegradability and the like, and is widely applied to various fields of medicines, foods, environmental protection, cosmetics and the like at present. Chitosan is a deacetylated product of chitin, chitin exists in three crystal forms of alpha-, beta-and gamma-in nature, and alpha-chitin occupies 2/3 of the total amount of chitin, and is usually deposited together with mineral substances to form a hard shell. The beta-chitin is connected with collagen to show certain hardness, flexibility and fluidity. The chitosan which is the product of chitosan after deacetylation is also divided into three crystal forms of alpha, beta and gamma. The chitosan extracted from the squid fan-shaped bone is beta-chitosan. Compared with alpha-chitosan, the beta-chitosan has a unique parallel molecular structure and has the characteristics of higher safety, aggregation activity, biodegradability, stability and the like. Chitosan is a product of chitosan deacetylation and has a wide source in nature. The current chitosan preparation process has three types: the key steps of the three processes are three-decalcification, deproteinization and deacetylation. The decalcification process usually employs a dilute hydrochloric acid solution, while the deproteinization and deacetylation process employs a sodium hydroxide solution. The acid-base method for extracting chitosan has the problems of serious environmental pollution, long time period, easy degradation of chitosan and the like although the cost is lower and the operation is simple.
In coastal areas with abundant squid resources, the content of beta-chitosan in the squid fan-shaped bones is higher, but a large amount of squid fan-shaped bones are regarded as waste and are not fully developed and utilized, so that the resource is seriously wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention mainly aims to provide a method for preparing squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan. The preparation process is reasonable, the required time is short, the operation is simple, and the environmental pollution is less.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide the squid segmental bone beta-chitosan. The obtained beta-chitosan has high purity, good color, high molecular weight and high deacetylation degree, and has good bioactivity without affecting the molecular structure.
The third purpose of the invention is to provide the application of the squid segmental bone beta-chitosan.
In order to achieve the above primary object, the solution of the present invention is:
a preparation method of squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan comprises the following steps:
(1) and raw material pretreatment: drying fresh squid fan-shaped bones at 40-60 ℃, crushing into 50-70 mesh powder after drying, and screening for later use;
(2) ultrasonic assisted hydrochloric acid demineralization: adding the squid fan-shaped bone powder into dilute hydrochloric acid demineralization liquid, wherein the feed-liquid ratio (mg/L) is 1: (10-20), carrying out ultrasonic water bath reaction at 25-35 ℃ for 10-30min to obtain reaction liquid after demineralization, filtering, collecting filter residues, and washing to be neutral;
(3) and simultaneously deproteinizing and deacetylating by a high-temperature high-pressure method: mixing the filter residue obtained in the step (2) with a sodium hydroxide NaOH solution, performing deproteinization and deacetylation reactions at high temperature and high pressure, filtering the obtained product, collecting the filter residue, and washing the filter residue to be neutral;
(4) and finished products: and (4) drying the filter residue washed to be neutral in the step (3) at a low temperature in vacuum to obtain the squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the dilute hydrochloric acid demineralization solution is prepared by adding 37 wt% hydrochloric acid to distilled water and stirring.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the step (2), the ultrasonic frequency of the ultrasonic-assisted hydrochloric acid decalcification is controlled to be 30-60 kHz.
In the step (3), the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 30-50 wt%, and the ratio of the dry weight of the filter residue to the feed liquid of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: (5-15), namely 1 g: (5-15) mL.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (3), the temperature in the high temperature and high pressure is 110-.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step (4), the degree of vacuum is 0.01Kpa and the temperature is-50 ℃.
In the step (4), the drying time is 24 + -1 h.
In order to achieve the second objective, the solution of the invention is:
a squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan is obtained by the preparation method.
In order to achieve the third object, the solution of the invention is:
the squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan can be used as an antibacterial agent, an antioxidant, a natural fruit preservative, a health food additive, a fruit juice clarifier, a water purifying agent and the like of food in the food industry; can be used as a carrier material, a film forming material and a targeting preparation material of a medicament in the aspect of biomedical materials, and can be made into an absorption type surgical operation suture line; can be used for industrial wastewater treatment and precious metal recovery in the field of environmental protection.
Due to the adoption of the scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the invention adopts an ultrasonic-assisted hydrochloric acid method to remove mineral substances in the squid fan-shaped bone, can remove most of the mineral substances in a short time under the cavitation action of ultrasonic waves, and does not damage the molecular chain of chitosan.
Secondly, the method adopts deproteinization and deacetylation reaction, the protein is completely removed, and under the condition of high-temperature steam pressurization, heat energy is converted into mechanical energy, so that hydrogen bonds in molecules can be destroyed, the reaction is easier to carry out, and the protein removal rate and the deacetylation degree are greatly improved; in addition, the deproteinization and the deacetylation are simultaneously reacted, the production process is simple, the energy consumption is reduced, the production time is shortened, and the production efficiency is effectively improved.
Thirdly, the hydrochloric acid solution after the reaction in the invention uses distillation and condensation technology, the sodium hydroxide solution can be recycled through recrystallization purification treatment, no waste liquid is discharged, the environmental pollution is reduced, and the purposes of economy, high efficiency and environmental protection are really achieved.
In conclusion, ultrasonic assistance is utilized in the demineralization process, and deproteinization and deacetylation are carried out simultaneously, so that an intermediate water washing process is omitted, and the production time is shortened; the acid liquor and the alkali liquor can be repeatedly used, so that the environmental pollution is reduced; can obtain beta-chitosan with high molecular weight and high deacetylation degree, and is particularly suitable for the fields of food, biomedical materials, environmental protection and the like.
Detailed Description
The invention provides squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan and a preparation method and application thereof.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
the preparation method of the squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan comprises the following steps:
(1) and raw material pretreatment: drying fresh squid fan-shaped bones at 55 ℃, crushing the dried squid fan-shaped bones into 50-mesh powder, and screening the powder for later use.
(2) Ultrasonic assisted hydrochloric acid demineralization: adding the squid fan-shaped bone powder into dilute hydrochloric acid demineralization liquid, wherein the feed-liquid ratio (mg/L) is 1: 15, carrying out ultrasonic water bath reaction at 30 ℃ for 20min to obtain reaction liquid after demineralization, filtering, collecting filter residues, and washing to be neutral.
(3) And simultaneously deproteinizing and deacetylating by a high-temperature high-pressure method: mixing the 2g filter residue in the step (2) with 20mL of 30 wt% NaOH solution, performing deproteinization and deacetylation reactions at 120 ℃ under the condition of 0.2MPa, reacting for 3h, filtering the obtained product, collecting the filter residue, and washing to neutrality.
(4) And finished products: drying the filter residue washed to be neutral in the step (3) for 24 hours at the vacuum degree of 0.01Kpa and the temperature of minus 50 ℃ to obtain the filter residue with the deacetylation degree of 86.7 percent and the molecular weight of 2.3 multiplied by 106Squid sector bone beta-chitosan.
The method provided by the embodiment has reasonable preparation process, only needs 3 hours for deproteinization and deacetylation reaction, can obtain the high molecular weight beta-chitosan, and does not damage the molecular structure of the beta-chitosan.
Example 2:
the preparation method of the squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan comprises the following steps:
(1) and raw material pretreatment: drying fresh squid fan-shaped bones at 60 ℃, crushing the dried squid fan-shaped bones into powder of 60 meshes, and screening the powder for later use.
(2) Ultrasonic assisted hydrochloric acid demineralization: adding the squid fan-shaped bone powder into dilute hydrochloric acid demineralization liquid, wherein the feed-liquid ratio (mg/L) is 1: 20, carrying out ultrasonic water bath reaction at 35 ℃ for 30min to obtain reaction liquid after demineralization, filtering, collecting filter residues, and washing to be neutral.
(3) And simultaneously deproteinizing and deacetylating by a high-temperature high-pressure method: mixing the 2g filter residue in the step (2) with 25mL of 40 wt% NaOH solution, performing deproteinization and deacetylation reactions at 120 ℃ and 0.2MPa for 3h, filtering the obtained product, collecting the filter residue, and washing to neutrality.
(4) And finished products: drying the filter residue washed to be neutral in the step (3) for 24 hours at the vacuum degree of 0.01Kpa and the temperature of minus 50 ℃ to obtain the filter residue with the deacetylation degree of 94.5 percent and the molecular weight of 3.1 multiplied by 106Squid sector bone beta-chitosan.
The method provided by the embodiment can simultaneously carry out deproteinization and deacetylation reactions under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, can effectively improve the production efficiency, does not pollute the environment, and can obtain products with high molecular weight, high deacetylation degree and excellent biological activity.
Example 3:
the preparation method of the squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan comprises the following steps:
(1) and raw material pretreatment: drying fresh squid fan-shaped bones at 40 ℃, crushing the dried squid fan-shaped bones into 50-mesh powder, and screening the powder for later use.
(2) Ultrasonic assisted hydrochloric acid demineralization: adding the squid fan-shaped bone powder into dilute hydrochloric acid demineralization liquid, wherein the feed-liquid ratio (mg/L) is 1: 10, carrying out ultrasonic water bath reaction for 10min at 25 ℃ to obtain reaction liquid after demineralization, filtering, collecting filter residue, and washing to be neutral.
(3) And simultaneously deproteinizing and deacetylating by a high-temperature high-pressure method: mixing the 2g filter residue in the step (2) with 25mL of 50 wt% NaOH solution, performing deproteinization and deacetylation reactions at 120 ℃ and 0.2MPa for 5h, filtering the obtained product, collecting the filter residue, and washing to neutrality.
(4) And finished products: drying the filter residue washed to be neutral in the step (3) for 24 hours at the vacuum degree of 0.01Kpa and the temperature of minus 50 ℃ to obtain the filter residue with the deacetylation degree of 96.8 percent and the molecular weight of 2.6 multiplied by 105Squid sector bone beta-chitosan.
The method provided by the embodiment can simultaneously carry out deproteinization and deacetylation reactions under the conditions of high temperature and high pressure, and has a simple production process; the acid solution and the alkali solution can be recycled after being used, and the environment is not polluted; protein and acetyl groups are removed to the maximum extent, the double helix structure of the beta-chitosan cannot be damaged, and the biological activity is excellent; the squid sector bone beta-chitosan product with high molecular weight and ultrahigh deacetylation degree is obtained.
Example 4:
the preparation method of the squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan comprises the following steps:
(1) and raw material pretreatment: drying fresh squid fan-shaped bones at 55 ℃, crushing the dried squid fan-shaped bones into 70-mesh powder, and screening the powder for later use.
(2) Ultrasonic assisted hydrochloric acid demineralization: adding the squid fan-shaped bone powder into dilute hydrochloric acid demineralization liquid, wherein the feed-liquid ratio (mg/L) is 1: 15, carrying out ultrasonic water bath reaction at 35 ℃ for 30min to obtain reaction liquid after demineralization, filtering, collecting filter residues, and washing to be neutral.
(3) And simultaneously deproteinizing and deacetylating by a high-temperature high-pressure method: mixing the 2g filter residue in the step (2) with 25mL of 40 wt% NaOH solution, performing deproteinization and deacetylation reactions at 120 ℃ under the condition of 0.1MPa, reacting for 7h, filtering the obtained product, collecting the filter residue, and washing to neutrality.
(4) And finished products: drying the filter residue washed to be neutral in the step (3) for 24 hours at the vacuum degree of 0.01Kpa and the temperature of minus 50 ℃ to obtain the filter residue with the deacetylation degree of 80.5 percent and the molecular weight of 1.2 multiplied by 106Squid sector bone beta-chitosan.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment can obtain the product with high molecular weight (2.4 multiplied by 10)5-3.3×106) The deacetylation degree is high (80-97%), the used alkali liquor can be recycled, no waste liquor is discharged, the environment is not polluted, and the purposes of economy, high efficiency, greenness and environmental protection can be really achieved.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan is characterized by comprising the following steps: which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying fresh squid fan-shaped bones at 40-60 ℃, crushing, and screening to obtain squid fan-shaped bone powder;
(2) adding the squid fan-shaped bone powder into dilute hydrochloric acid demineralizing liquid, wherein the ratio of the material to the liquid is 1: (10-20), performing ultrasonic treatment at 25-35 ℃ for 10-30min, filtering, collecting filter residues, and washing to neutrality;
(3) mixing the filter residue obtained in the step (2) with a sodium hydroxide solution, performing deproteinization and deacetylation reactions at high temperature and high pressure, filtering, collecting the filter residue, and washing to neutrality;
(4) and (4) drying the filter residue obtained in the step (3) at a low temperature in vacuum to obtain the squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan.
2. The method for preparing squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (1), the crushed particle size of the squid fan-shaped bone is 50-70 meshes.
3. The method for preparing squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the dilute hydrochloric acid demineralization liquid is prepared by adding 37 wt% of hydrochloric acid into distilled water and stirring.
4. The method for preparing squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (2), the frequency of the ultrasound is 30-60 kHz.
5. The method for preparing squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 30-50 wt%, and the ratio of the dry weight of the filter residue to the feed liquid of the sodium hydroxide solution is 1: (5-15).
6. The method for preparing squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (3), the temperature in the high-temperature high-pressure process is 110-.
7. The method for preparing squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the vacuum degree of the vacuum is 0.01Kpa, and the low temperature is-50 ℃.
8. The method for preparing squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step (4), the drying time is 24 +/-1 h.
9. A squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan is characterized in that: which is obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. The application of the squid fan-shaped bone beta-chitosan of claim 9 in the fields of food, biomedical materials and environmental protection.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN117510680A (en) * | 2023-12-07 | 2024-02-06 | 中国海洋大学 | Beta-type chitosan and rapid extraction method and application thereof |
| CN117582557A (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-02-23 | 四川恒普科技有限公司 | Demineralized bone fiber and preparation method thereof |
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| CN117582557B (en) * | 2024-01-19 | 2024-03-19 | 四川恒普科技有限公司 | Demineralized bone fiber and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20210608 |