CN112919927B - Porous light cement-based heat insulation material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Porous light cement-based heat insulation material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112919927B CN112919927B CN202110317998.8A CN202110317998A CN112919927B CN 112919927 B CN112919927 B CN 112919927B CN 202110317998 A CN202110317998 A CN 202110317998A CN 112919927 B CN112919927 B CN 112919927B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
- C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat-insulating wall materials for buildings, and particularly discloses a porous light cement-based heat-insulating material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the material is prepared by extrusion molding and pore-forming by a pore-forming agent; the use amount of the pore-forming agent is 5-20 wt% of the total weight of the raw materials, and compared with a light cement-based heat-insulating material prepared from the raw materials without the pore-forming agent and with the same preparation method, the volume weight of the porous light cement-based heat-insulating material is reduced by 40-70%, and the heat conductivity coefficient is reduced by 50-80%. The invention discloses a preparation method of a porous light cement-based heat insulation material which does not conflict with an extrusion molding technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat-insulating wall materials for buildings, in particular to a porous light cement-based heat-insulating material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The extrusion molding method has wide application in the preparation of wall materials, such as clay bricks, concrete hollow blocks, gypsum wallboards and the like, and related researches have also made great progress. The performance of the fiber reinforced Cement-based material prepared by using a casting forming method and an extrusion forming method is compared and researched by Shao (Extruded center-Wood fiber reinforced with Expanded Polystyrene beads. International Inorganic-Bonded Wood and fiber composite Materials), and the result shows that the product prepared by the extrusion forming method has higher strength and toughness. Peled (Processing Effects in cement Composites: Extrusion and Casting) and the like research the influence of the fiber type, the fiber length and the fly ash mixing amount on the mechanical property and microstructure of the cement-based material prepared by Extrusion molding and Casting molding, and also discover that the Extrusion molded product has better performance. Materials such as magnesium oxychloride cement, wood chips and expanded perlite are adopted in Xiangming Zhou (Light-weight wood-magnesium oxide composite products) and the like, and a Light plate material with good mechanical property is prepared by an extrusion molding method.
The overall compactness of the material can be improved by adopting extrusion molding, and the product performance is greatly improved. Thus, extrusion to produce sheets has a congenital advantage. However, in combination with a great deal of literature references, the experimental thinking for preparing lightweight cement-based materials by extrusion molding still remains in the aspect of blending lightweight aggregates and reducing the ingredient density. In the existing extrusion process, holes cannot be formed in a mode of introducing bubbles by air entrainment, and the problems of nonuniform bubbles, breakage of bubbles in the extrusion process and the like are easy to occur.
Therefore, how to provide a preparation method of the porous light cement-based heat insulation material which does not conflict with the extrusion molding technology is a difficult problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention discloses a porous light cement-based heat insulation material and a preparation method thereof, and solves the problem that the porous light cement-based heat insulation material is not suitable for an extrusion process.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a porous light cement-based thermal insulation material is prepared by extrusion molding, and the porous light cement-based thermal insulation material is prepared by pore-forming through a pore-forming agent; wherein, the amount of the pore-forming agent is 5-20 wt%, more preferably 10-20 wt%, and most preferably 15-20 wt% of the total weight of the raw materials; compared with the light cement-based heat-insulating material without adding the pore-forming agent and with the same preparation method of other raw materials, the volume weight of the porous light cement-based heat-insulating material is reduced by 40-70%, and the heat conductivity coefficient is reduced by 50-80%; more preferably, the volume weight of the porous light cement-based heat-insulating material is reduced by 50-70%, and the heat conductivity is reduced by 60-80%; most preferably, the volume weight of the porous light cement-based heat-insulating material is reduced by 60-70%, and the heat conductivity coefficient is reduced by 70-80%.
Preferably, the porous light cement-based heat insulation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of cement, 40-60 parts of fly ash, 5-30 parts of pore-forming agent, 0.1-1 part of thickening agent, 0.5-1 part of water reducing agent, 0.001-0.003 part of fiber and water;
wherein the mass ratio of the total mass of the cement and the fly ash to the water is 1: 0.15-0.25.
Preferably, the fly ash is any one of grade I and grade II fly ash.
Preferably, the pore-forming agent is camphene, and the granularity of the camphene is less than or equal to 1 mm.
Preferably, the thickener is one or more of methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl ethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl propyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
Preferably, the water reducing agent is one of a naphthalene water reducing agent and a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
Preferably, the fibers comprise one or more of polypropylene fibers, glass fibers and polyvinyl alcohol fibers.
Preferably, the cement is any one of portland cement and sulphoaluminate cement.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the porous light cement-based heat insulation material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing the raw materials, uniformly stirring to obtain slurry, and then carrying out extrusion forming on the slurry;
(2) and curing the extruded and molded crude product, and steaming to obtain the porous light cement-based heat-insulating material.
Preferably, the curing time is 22-25h, the curing temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 90-98%.
Preferably, the extrusion molding machine adopted in the step (2) is a vacuum control system screw extruder or a plunger type extruder.
Preferably, the step (1) adopts a screw extruder or a plunger extruder with a vacuum control system to carry out extrusion forming, and the parameters of the extrusion forming are as follows: the vacuum degree is-0.1 to-0.05 MPa, and the extrusion speed is 3-15 mm/s; in the step (2), the steam curing temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the time is 24-48 h; the curing time is 22-25h, the curing temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 90-98%.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the pore-forming agent such as camphene is added and doped into the cement-based material, so that the extrusion molding preparation of the porous material can be realized, the problems that in the existing extrusion process, pore formation cannot be realized by introducing bubbles through air entrainment, bubbles are not uniform, bubbles are easy to break in the extrusion process and the like are solved, the overall compactness of the material is improved by extrusion molding, and the prepared porous material has advantages in the aspects of mechanical property and extrudability and has excellent thermal insulation property.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Weighing 30 parts of portland cement, 40 parts of II-grade fly ash, 5 parts of camphene, 0.5 part of thickening agent, 0.8 part of naphthalene water reducing agent, 0.003 part of polypropylene fiber and water;
wherein, the water-material ratio (the ratio of water to the total mass of the cement and the fly ash) is 1: 0.2, and the thickening agent is a mixture of 0.2 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.2 part of methyl cellulose and 0.1 part of ethyl cellulose.
(2) Uniformly mixing the cement, the fly ash, the pore-forming agent, the thickening agent, the water reducing agent and the fibers according to the proportion, adding water, uniformly stirring, and carrying out extrusion forming on the slurry obtained by stirring, wherein the vacuum degree during extrusion is 0.08MPa, and the extrusion speed is 12 mm/s;
(3) and curing the extruded sample for 25 hours at the curing temperature of 25 ℃ and the curing humidity of 95%, and then putting the sample into a steam curing box at the temperature of 80 ℃ for steam curing for 24 hours to obtain the porous light cement-based heat insulation material.
Example 2
(1) Weighing 35 parts of portland cement, 55 parts of class I fly ash, 10 parts of camphene, 0.5 part of methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, 0.5 part of a naphthalene water reducer, 0.0012 part of fibers and water;
wherein, the water-material ratio is 1: 0.2, the fiber is a mixture of 0.0004 part of polypropylene fiber, 0.0004 part of glass fiber and 0.0004 part of polyvinyl alcohol fiber.
(2) Uniformly mixing the cement, the fly ash, the pore-forming agent, the thickening agent, the water reducing agent and the fibers according to the proportion, adding water, uniformly stirring, and carrying out extrusion forming on the slurry obtained by stirring, wherein the vacuum degree during extrusion is 0.1MPa, and the extrusion speed is 5 mm/s;
(3) and curing the extruded sample for 24 hours at the curing temperature of 25 ℃ and the curing humidity of 95%, and then putting the sample into a 80 ℃ steam curing box for steam curing for 25 hours to obtain the porous light cement-based heat insulation material.
Example 3
(1) Weighing 30 parts of portland cement, 55 parts of class I fly ash, 15 parts of camphene, 0.5 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 0.5 part of naphthalene water reducer, 0.0015 part of polypropylene fiber and water;
wherein the ratio of water to material is 1: 0.2.
(2) Uniformly mixing the cement, the fly ash, the pore-forming agent, the thickening agent, the water reducing agent and the fibers according to the proportion, adding water, uniformly stirring, and carrying out extrusion forming on the slurry obtained by stirring, wherein the vacuum degree during extrusion is 0.08MPa, and the extrusion speed is 5 mm/s;
(3) and curing the extruded sample for 24 hours at the curing temperature of 24 ℃ and the curing humidity of 95%, and then putting the sample into a steam curing box at the temperature of 80 ℃ for steam curing for 24 hours to obtain the porous light cement-based heat insulation material.
Example 4
(1) Weighing 30 parts of sulphoaluminate cement, 50 parts of II-grade fly ash, 20 parts of camphene, 1 part of thickening agent, 1 part of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 0.0015 part of glass fiber and water;
wherein the water-material ratio is 1: 0.25, and the thickening agent is a mixture of 0.2 part of methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, 0.1 part of hydroxymethyl ethyl cellulose, 0.1 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.1 part of methyl cellulose, 0.1 part of ethyl cellulose, 0.1 part of hydroxyethyl cellulose, 0.2 part of hydroxyethyl propyl cellulose and 0.1 part of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(2) Uniformly mixing the cement, the fly ash, the pore-forming agent, the thickening agent, the water reducing agent and the fibers according to the proportion, adding water, uniformly stirring, and carrying out extrusion forming on the slurry obtained by stirring, wherein the vacuum degree during extrusion is 0.05MPa, and the extrusion speed is 15 mm/s;
(3) and curing the extruded sample for 24 hours at the curing temperature of 24 ℃ and the curing humidity of 95%, and then putting the sample into a steam curing box at the temperature of 100 ℃ for steam curing for 24 hours to obtain the porous light cement-based heat insulation material.
Example 5
(1) Weighing 50 parts of portland cement, 40 parts of II-grade fly ash, 25 parts of camphene, 0.2 part of thickening agent, 0.8 part of polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, 0.001 part of polypropylene fiber and water;
wherein, the water-material ratio is 1: 0.15, and the thickening agent is a mixture of 0.1 part of carboxymethyl cellulose and 0.1 part of ethyl cellulose.
(2) Uniformly mixing the cement, the fly ash, the pore-forming agent, the thickening agent, the water reducing agent and the fibers according to the proportion, adding water, uniformly stirring, and carrying out extrusion forming on the slurry obtained by stirring, wherein the vacuum degree during extrusion is 0.08MPa, and the extrusion speed is 10 mm/s;
(3) and curing the extruded sample for 24 hours at the curing temperature of 24 ℃ and the curing humidity of 98%, and then putting the sample into a 90 ℃ steam curing box for steam curing for 36 hours to obtain the porous light cement-based heat insulation material.
Example 6
(1) Weighing 40 parts of portland cement, 50 parts of class I fly ash, 30 parts of camphene, 0.5 part of thickening agent, 0.5 part of naphthalene water reducing agent, 0.0018 part of polypropylene fiber and water;
wherein, the water-material ratio is 1: 0.2, the thickening agent is a mixture of 0.3 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.1 part of methyl cellulose and 0.1 part of ethyl cellulose.
(2) Uniformly mixing the cement, the fly ash, the pore-forming agent, the thickening agent, the water reducing agent and the fibers according to the proportion, adding water, uniformly stirring, and carrying out extrusion forming on the slurry obtained by stirring, wherein the vacuum degree during extrusion is 0.08MPa, and the extrusion speed is 12 mm/s;
(3) and curing the extruded sample for 22h at the curing temperature of 20 ℃ and the curing humidity of 90%, and then putting the sample into a 80 ℃ steam curing box for steam curing for 48h to obtain the porous light cement-based heat insulation material.
Comparative example 1
The preparation process and other materials were the same as in example 6 without adding camphene.
Comparative example 2
And (3) aerated concrete.
The above examples and comparative examples were tested for absolute dry bulk weight, three-point bending strength and thermal conductivity, and the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
According to the invention, the camphene is added as the pore-forming agent and is doped into the cement-based material, so that the extrusion molding preparation of the porous material can be realized, the heat-insulating material with light volume weight and low heat conductivity coefficient can be prepared, the problem of cracking in the bubble extrusion process is solved, and the excellent heat-insulating property of the cement-based material prepared by the method is proved.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The porous light cement-based thermal insulation material is prepared by extrusion molding and is characterized in that the porous light cement-based thermal insulation material is prepared by pore-forming through a pore-forming agent; the use amount of the pore-forming agent is 5-20 wt% of the total weight of the raw materials, and compared with a light cement-based heat-insulating material prepared from the raw materials without the pore-forming agent and with the same preparation method, the volume weight of the porous light cement-based heat-insulating material is reduced by 40-70%, and the heat conductivity coefficient is reduced by 50-80%;
the porous light cement-based heat insulation material comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of cement, 40-60 parts of fly ash, 5-30 parts of pore-forming agent, 0.1-1 part of thickening agent, 0.5-1 part of water reducing agent, 0.001-0.003 part of fiber and water;
wherein the mass ratio of the total mass of cement and fly ash to water is 1: 0.15-0.25;
the pore-forming agent is camphene, and the granularity of the camphene is less than or equal to 1 mm;
the porous light cement-based heat insulation material is obtained by steam curing after extrusion molding, wherein the steam curing temperature is 80-100 ℃, and the time is 24-48 h.
2. The porous light cement-based thermal insulation material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fly ash is any one of class I and class II fly ash.
3. The porous lightweight cement-based insulation material of claim 1, wherein the thickener is one or more of methylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxymethylethylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxyethylpropylcellulose, and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
4. The porous light cement-based thermal insulation material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water reducing agent is one of a naphthalene water reducing agent and a polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent.
5. The porous lightweight cement-based insulation material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fibers comprise one or more of polypropylene fibers, glass fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers.
6. The porous lightweight cement-based thermal insulation material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cement is any one of portland cement and sulphoaluminate cement.
7. The method for preparing a porous lightweight cement-based thermal insulation material according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
(1) mixing the raw materials, uniformly stirring to obtain slurry, and then carrying out extrusion forming on the slurry;
(2) and curing the extruded and molded crude product, and steaming to obtain the porous light cement-based heat-insulating material.
8. The preparation method of the porous light cement-based thermal insulation material as claimed in claim 7, wherein the step (1) adopts a screw extruder or a plunger extruder with a vacuum control system to perform extrusion forming, and the parameters of the extrusion forming are as follows: the vacuum degree is-0.1 to-0.05 MPa, and the extrusion speed is 3-15 mm/s; the curing time is 22-25h, the curing temperature is 20-25 ℃, and the curing humidity is 90-98%.
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