CN112916413B

CN112916413B - Bolt sorting device

Info

Publication number: CN112916413B
Application number: CN202110339652.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陶明虎; 张红方; 张淼淼; 孙峰; 刘银生; 汤长春; 谷俊生; 梁胜
Original assignee: Chery New Energy Automobile Co Ltd
Current assignee: Chery New Energy Automobile Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-03-30
Filing date: 2021-03-30
Publication date: 2022-08-30
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-30
Also published as: CN112916413A

Abstract

The invention provides a bolt sorting device, wherein a rack is provided with a slotted hole for placing a bolt A to be sorted, the through direction of the hole is vertical when the bottom of the slot is opened, the slotted hole comprises a reference wall and an end wall, the wall surfaces of the reference wall and the end wall are opposite and parallel, a first side wall, a second side wall, the reference wall, the end wall and a first side wall are arranged between the side edges of the same-position sides of the reference wall and the end wall, the surfaces of the two side walls are positioned in the plumb bob surface, the projection of a slotted hole area defined by the two side walls on the horizontal plane is matched with the cross section contour of the through-shaft core of the bolt A to be sorted, a first swing rod plate and a second swing rod plate are arranged at the orifice at the lower end of the slotted hole, the free end of the first swing rod plate extends from the outer side of the end wall to the inner side of the end wall, the free end of the second swing rod plate extends from the outer side of the reference wall to the inner side of the reference wall, and the free end of the first swing rod plate drives the locking rod to be separated from the second swing rod plate when moving downwards and swinging, so that the locking matching is released. Thereby realizing the sorting effect of the long and short bolts.

Description

Bolt sorting device

Technical Field

The invention relates to material separation, in particular to a bolt separation, collection and storage device.

Background

It is also common that a bolt or a screw is used as a connecting piece, the nominal diameter of the thread sections of the bolt or the screw is the same, the bolt heads are the same, and only the length of the thread sections is different, and although the nominal diameter of the thread holes can be matched with the bolt or the screw, the bolt or the screw cannot be normally screwed due to the difference in the length of the thread sections. For the bolts M12 × 25 and M12 × 28, the thread specification is Φ 12, the hexagon head has the same shape and specification, except that the length difference Δ L is 3mm, and the length difference is about one tenth of the length of the hexagon head, so the small difference is difficult to be perceived and distinguished by people, which is very common in the assembly line of products such as automobiles. The short bolt device can not realize the anticipated connection pretightning force in long screw hole, and long bolt mistake is twisted in short screw hole and even just can not twist at all, even if can twist the screw hole, also can not provide the reliable pretightning force of satisfying the design requirement.

Due to the wide and large number of bolts, there is a related bolt sorting or sorting equipment design in the prior art.

The name of the bolt sorting device is ' a bolt sorting device ' (the publication number is CN 208894652U, hereinafter referred to as the document 1), the document 1 is described in the background art section of the bolt sorting device ' but the prior assembling technology has the defects: as for bolt feeding, a vibration disc is generally adopted for feeding, if slight differences exist at six corners of the bolt and the length difference is 1-2mm, the vibration disc is used for distinguishing different types of bolts, and the force is not good. "the working principle of the solution provided by document 1 is that" the first cylinder 5 is pushed out first, the second cylinder 6 is retracted, the front and rear moving blocks 701 are just located at the intersection of the qualified chute 901 and the discharge chute 902 with the left and right moving blocks 702 and the cam follower 703, that is, right at the position of the bolt inlet 8, and then the bolts are sequentially arranged on the bolt arranging shelf 10, the steel bar 1001 moves the bolts to move the bolts to the vibration plate of the straight vibration device, the straight vibration device drives the vibration plate to perform straight vibration, thereby, the bolt is sent to the left and right moving blocks 702, the displacement sensor 11 detects the length of the bolt, when the detection length is qualified, the second cylinder 6 extends out, so that the left and right moving blocks 702 move to the position of the qualified chute 901 to be discharged, if the detected length is not qualified, the first cylinder 5 is retracted, and the left and right moving blocks 702 are moved to the discharge chute 902 position, so that the bolts are automatically discharged. In addition, the first cylinders 5 and 6 are noisy and need to be equipped with a pressure air source, which inevitably increases energy consumption, and the control of the displacement strokes of the first cylinders 5 and 6 also needs to be strictly set, which further increases the complexity of the equipment.

The name is "a bolt general-purpose part sorting apparatus" (No. CN 111054661 a, hereinafter referred to as document 2), and document 2 provides a bolt general-purpose part sorting apparatus that is efficient and capable of sorting all over. In use, the bolts mixed together are put into the bolt feeder 1. The operation process of the equipment is as shown in figure 6, the equipment is started, the rotating platform 14 drives the transparent glass plate 2 to rotate at a constant speed, the rotating speed is not too high, the bolts can be stably transported on the transparent glass plate, the bolts are output to the transparent glass plate 2 from the discharge end one by the bolt feeder 1, the bolts output to the transparent glass plate 2 are adjusted to the same circular motion track 16 through the adjustment of the two rotating wheels 3.1 and 3.2, then the bolts are shot by the side camera 6, the computer receives the pictures shot by the side camera 6 and compares the pictures with the templates of the bolt universal parts, if the pictures are not one of the four selected bolts, the selected bolts are conveyed to the position of the discharge port 9.2 of the mixed part, the corresponding electromagnetic air valves are opened, the corresponding injection air nozzles are injected into the discharge port of the mixed part, if the pictures are not one of the four selected bolts, the bottom camera 7 shoots the lower surface of the mixed part, and the computer receives the pictures shot by the bottom camera, identifies and compares characters shot in the pictures, if the characters are not one of the four selected bolts, the characters are conveyed to the position of a mixed part discharge port 9.2, the corresponding electromagnetic air valve is opened, the characters are sprayed into the mixed part discharge port through the corresponding spraying air nozzle, if the characters are not one of the four selected bolts, the characters are conveyed to the position of a corresponding sorting discharge port 9.1, the characters are sprayed into the sorting discharge port through the corresponding spraying air nozzle, and the steps are repeated so as to finish the sorting of all the bolts. Similar to the document 1, the document 2 uses the side camera 6 and the image bottom camera 7 to acquire the length of the bolt and the shape and size of the bolt head, and the computer processes the acquired parameters and outputs a control signal to drive whether the air injection nozzle is started or not to realize the selection of the bolt. Document 2 also requires a processor, i.e. a computer, to process the acquisition of the parameters, and also provides a gas source, as in the document.

The bolt sorting device is named as a bolt sorting device capable of adjusting length (with the notice number of CN 209077190U, hereinafter referred to as document 3), although the document 3 is named as the bolt sorting device and is used for sorting bolt blanks, just as the specification records that whether the length of a bolt meets the standard or not needs to be judged before a screw rod is subjected to thread rolling, if the length of the bolt is different, the thread rolling is carried out on unqualified bolts, meanwhile, the work of a thread rolling machine is wasted, if the bolt is detected by manpower, the efficiency is low, and the essence of the technical scheme is to sort the length of a bolt column blank. The working principle of document 3 partially describes that: firstly, the bolt is placed in the placing groove 12 of the placing plate 8 by the worker, then the buckle on the fixing plate 18 is connected with the clamping groove on the placing plate 8, the bolt is prevented from popping up when the spring 20 pushes the bolt, and then moves the adjusting plate 14 along the slide groove 16, moves the adjusting plate 14 to a proper position according to the length on the scale 13, then the motor 9 is started, the rotating rod 10 is driven by the motor 9 to rotate, the rotating rod 10 drives the rotating roller 17 to rotate along the rotating shaft 11, the rotating roller 17 drives the rotating belt 3 to rotate, the rotating belt 3 drives the bolt to move along the moving groove, when the bolt that is less than or equal to adjustment tank 15 when adjusting tank 15, just can drop second magazine 6 through adjustment tank 15 in, the bolt that is greater than adjustment tank 15 can drop first magazine 5 along the shifting chute in, arranges suitable bolt in order out from second magazine 6 by the staff. Since the shape of the bolt blank, that is, the blank with the head or the blank with the polished rod column, is not described in the document 3, and the T-shaped notch corresponding to the bolt head is not given in the drawing, the document 3 is regarded as the sorting of the blank with the threaded rod (without the head), the rotating belt 3 in the scheme is already complicated by being equipped with a motor and a transmission device, and the rotating belt 3 is pressed on the rod body of the bolt blank and drives the bolt to move by virtue of friction force, such a guiding and conveying manner cannot achieve the pressure feeding of the strip head such as the commonly used hexagon head bolt at all, because the posture of the hexagon bolt cannot be guaranteed to be stable by adopting the scheme of the document 3, the posture of the hexagon bolt cannot be guaranteed to be matched with the hole position of the adjusting groove 15, even when the bolt smaller than or equal to the adjusting groove 15 passes through the adjusting groove 15, the bolt cannot be guaranteed to fall into the second material storage box 6 through the adjusting groove 15, that is, the occurrence of a mis-selection situation is difficult to avoid.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a bolt sorting device which is simple in structure and does not need power driving.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme, and the bolt sorting device is characterized in that: the rack is provided with a slotted hole for placing a bolt A to be sorted, the through direction of the hole is the up-down direction when the bottom of the open-close type slot is opened, the slotted hole comprises a reference wall and an end wall, the wall surfaces of the reference wall and the end wall are opposite and arranged in parallel, a first side wall and a second side wall are arranged between the side edges of the same-position sides of the reference wall and the end wall, the plate surfaces of the reference wall, the end wall and the first side wall and the second side wall are positioned in a plumbum surface, the projection of a slotted hole area surrounded by the reference wall and the cross-section contour of a through-shaft core of the bolt A to be sorted is matched with the horizontal plane, a first swing rod plate and a second swing rod plate are arranged at the orifice at the lower end of the slotted hole, the free end of the first swing rod plate extends to the inner side of the end wall from the outer side of the reference wall, the free end of the second swing rod plate extends to the inner side of the reference wall from the outer side, the free end of the first swing rod plate moves downwards to drive the locking rod to separate from the second swing rod plate and release the locking rod plate to form locking fit when the free end moves upwards to the lower edge of the end wall.

In the scheme, the free ends of the first swing rod plate and the second swing rod plate extend to the lower opening edge of the slotted hole to form an open-close type shelter, bolts to be sorted with moderate length are placed in the slotted hole, one end of each bolt to be sorted is aligned with the reference wall, the other end of each bolt to be sorted is just abutted against the free end of the first swing rod plate and drives the first swing rod plate to swing, the first swing rod plate swings to drive the locking rod to swing, the locking rod is separated from the second swing rod plate when swinging and displacing, namely, the locking and locking cooperation between the locking rod and the second swing rod plate is released, the free end of the second swing rod plate also swings downwards under the action of the weight of the bolts A to be sorted, and the opening degree of the lower opening edge of the slotted hole is enough to meet the free falling of the bolts A to be sorted; correspondingly, when one end of the bolt A to be sorted with a shorter length is aligned with the reference wall, the other end of the bolt A to be sorted cannot reach the free end of the first swing rod plate, the free ends of the first swing rod plate and the second swing rod plate are always positioned at the lower hole edge of the slotted hole, and the open-close type hole bottom of the slotted hole formed by the free ends of the first swing rod plate and the second swing rod plate is in a shielding state, so that the bolt A to be sorted with a shorter size cannot fall down and be intercepted, and the sorting effect of the long bolt and the short bolt is realized.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.

Fig. 2, 3 and 4 are schematic perspective views of hidden external baffles.

Fig. 5 is a front view of the present invention.

Fig. 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are sectional structural views of the sorting process.

Detailed Description

Referring to the drawings, a frame 10 of the bolt sorting device is provided with a slot hole 20 for placing a bolt A to be sorted, the through direction of the hole is the up-down direction when the slot bottom of the slot hole is opened, the slot hole 20 comprises a reference wall 21 and an end wall 22, the wall surfaces of the reference wall 21 and the end wall 22 are opposite and parallel, a first side wall 23 and a second side wall 24 are arranged between the side edges of the reference wall 21 and the end wall 22 on the same side, the plate surfaces of the reference wall 21, the end wall 22 and the first side wall 23 and the second side wall 24 are positioned in a plumb surface, the projection of the slot hole area surrounded by the reference wall 21 and the first side wall 23 and the second side wall 24 on the horizontal plane is matched with the cross-section contour of a shaft core of the bolt A to be sorted, the projection of the bolt A on the plane parallel to the shaft core can be regarded as matched, a first swing rod plate 30 and a second swing rod plate 40 are arranged at the opening at the lower end of the slot hole 20, the free end of the first swing rod plate 30 extends from the outer side of the end wall 22 to the inner side of the end wall 22, the reference wall 21 extends to the inner side of the reference wall 21, the free end of the second swing rod plate 40 extends from the outer side of the outer side wall 21, when the free end of the first swing rod plate 30 moves downwards, the locking rod 40 is driven to be separated from the second swing rod plate 40 and the locking matching is released, and when the free end of the first swing rod plate 30 moves upwards to the lower edge of the end wall 22, the locking rod 50 is contacted with the second swing rod plate 40 and forms the locking matching.

In the above solution, the first and second

swing lever plates

30, 40 are at the lower end hole edge of the slot hole 20, the first and second

swing lever plates

30, 40 are normally at the high position, that is, the position close to or attached to the lower end hole edge of the slot hole 20, at this time, the part of the first and second

swing lever plates

30, 40 extending into the slot hole 20 area shields the lower hole opening area of the slot hole 20, because the shape of the horizontal cross section of the cavity is matched with the shape of the bolt a to be sorted, whether the first and second

swing lever plates

30, 40 swing and unfold determines whether the bolt a to be sorted can fall down, one end of the bolt a to be sorted is flush with the reference wall 21, the other end reaches the first swing lever plate 30 and applies a proper pressure to the first swing lever plate 30, the first swing lever plate 30 swings downward, the lock lever 50 connected to the first swing lever plate 30 follows and is separated from the second swing lever plate 40, the weight of the bolt a to be sorted presses on the second swing lever plate 40 and swings downward, the blocked area of the lower orifice of the slot 20 has a proper opening, and the bolt A to be sorted can smoothly fall down to realize the sorting. For the bolts a to be sorted with a slightly shorter length, because one end of the bolt a to be sorted is flush with the reference wall 21 and the other end cannot reach the end of the first swing rod plate 30, that is, there is still a proper distance between the other end of the bolt a to be sorted and the end of the first swing rod plate 30, when the first swing rod plate 30 has no other external force, the free end of the first swing rod plate 30 is kept at the lower edge of the end wall 22, and the free end of the second swing rod plate 40 is also kept in a stable state and supports the bolt a to be sorted, so that the falling of the bolt a to be sorted is limited, and the sorting purpose of long and short bolts is realized.

Considering that a part of the bolts a to be sorted, which are slightly short in length, are caught at the slot holes 20 and need to be taken out in time for sorting the rest of the bolts a to be sorted, the present invention provides a preferable scheme that at least one of the first and

second side walls

23, 24 has a gap 25 with the reference wall 21 and/or the end wall 22. More preferably, the second side wall 24 is spaced from the end wall 22 by a gap 25. The equivalent scheme of the above scheme also includes that the middle sections of the first and the

second side walls

23 and 24 are missing parts or the first and the

second side walls

23 and 24 are discontinuous side walls. The open area reserved by the arrangement of the spacing gap 25 facilitates the taking out of the intercepted bolt.

In order to swing the first and second

swing lever plates

30, 40 so that the opening of the lower end opening of the slot hole 20 is opened to a proper degree so that the bolt a to be sorted can fall, the present invention provides a preferable swing direction in which the swing axial cores of the first and second

swing lever plates

30, 40 are located outside the slot hole 20 and parallel to the horizontal direction of the reference wall 21. In order to ensure that the bolts a to be sorted can fall down with a sufficient opening degree under the condition of a small swing angle, the free ends of the first and second

swing lever plates

30 and 40 are arranged at intervals, that is, the lower port area of the slot 20 does not need to implement global shielding, and only needs to implement local shielding. The following description will be made in detail in connection with the sorting of the hexagon bolts.

The second swing rod plate 40 includes a middle section vertical plate 41, an upper horizontal plate 42 and a lower horizontal plate 43 are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the middle section vertical plate 41, the upper horizontal plate 42 and the lower horizontal plate 43 are respectively arranged on the two side plate surfaces of the middle section vertical plate 41, the middle section of the middle section vertical plate 41 is hinged with the frame 10 by a hinge shaft 44, the offset distance between the mass center of the second swing rod plate 40 and the hinge shaft 44 is greater than zero, and the gravity moment drives the upper horizontal plate 42 to swing and displace towards the side close to the lower opening edge of the slot hole 20. After the bolt a to be sorted slides off the upper horizontal plate 42, the second swing rod plate 40 can return to the initial position again, that is, the middle vertical plate 41 is approximately located in the plumb surface while the upper horizontal plate 42 and the lower horizontal plate 43 return to the horizontal position in the horizontal plane when the initial position is the initial position, so as to prepare for sorting the next bolt.

In order to realize locking engagement and unlocking engagement, the invention provides a preferable scheme that the edge of one side plate of the lower transverse plate 43 parallel to the swinging surface is a convex part 431, the swinging track of the convex part 431 is close to and positioned below the swinging track of the locking rod 50, the lower end of the locking rod 50 is in contact and separated engagement with the convex part 431, the upper end of the locking rod 50 is hinged with the frame 10 through a hinged shaft 53, and the lower end of the locking rod 50 is vertically extended to the side where the convex part 431 is positioned.

As can be seen from the above solution, the convex portion 431 coincides with the rotation surface of the locking rod 50, and in specific implementation, the area of the convex portion 431 provided at the edge of the lower horizontal plate 43 is only slightly larger than the head area of the locking rod 50, and since the swing rotation surfaces of the locking rod 50 and the second swing rod plate 40 are parallel to each other or the swing rotation axes are parallel to each other, it can be ensured that the locking rod 50 can be rapidly separated from the convex portion 431 when swinging in a small range, and under the action of gravity applied by the bolt a to be sorted, the second swing rod plate 40 composed of the upper horizontal plate 42, the middle vertical plate 41, and the lower horizontal plate 43 swings instantly, so as to provide an open path for the falling of the bolt a to be sorted. When returning, the locking rod 50 returns first, the protrusion 431 then reaches below the locking rod 50, further returning and swinging of the protrusion 431 immediately abuts against the lower end of the locking rod 50, and the upper cross plate 42 of the second swing rod plate 40 cannot fall and swing and is stopped.

As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the first swing lever plate 30 includes an angular folded plate formed by a horizontal plate 31 and a vertical plate 32, the folded portion is hinged to the frame 10, the hinge shaft 33 is located outside the slot hole 20 and parallel to the horizontal direction of the reference wall 21, the lower end of the vertical plate 32 is connected to one end of a transverse lever 51 of the locking lever 50 through a transition lever, and the other end of the transverse lever 51 is fixedly connected to the lower section of a locking vertical lever 52. Since the length difference of the bolts a to be sorted of different specifications is very small, for example, the bolt length difference Δ L between M12 × 25 and M12 × 28 is 3mm, the dimension of ensuring the distance between the reference wall 21 and the end wall 22 of the slot 20 to be 28 mm + immediately ensures that the bolt of M12 × 28 is normally inserted, and the free end of the transverse plate 31 slightly protrudes to the slot 20, generally only needs to protrude by 1-2mm, so as to avoid pressing against the free end of the transverse plate 31 to cause false operation of the second swing rod plate 40 when the bolt of M12 × 25 is inserted. In order to facilitate the smooth separation of the bolts a to be sorted when the bolts a to be sorted of M12 × 28 are pressed against the free end of the horizontal plate 31 to swing downward from the free end of the horizontal plate 31, the end edge of the free end of the horizontal plate 31 may be processed into a circular arc-shaped curved surface for transition, as shown in fig. 5, 6, 7 and 8, which is additionally provided with a cylinder. The T-shaped rod formed by the transverse rod 51 and the locking vertical rod 52 is convenient for transmitting power to the locking vertical rod 52.

The upper end of the transition rod 60 is hinged with the lower end of the vertical plate 32 by a hinge shaft 61, and the lower end of the transition rod 60 is hinged with the transverse rod 51 by a hinge shaft 62. When the sorting machine is in a sorting working state, the transverse rod 51 is integrally arranged in the horizontal direction, the end head of the sorting bolt A reaching the free end of the transverse plate 31 of the first swing rod plate 30 applies downward pressure to enable the sorting bolt A to swing downwards and displace, the vertical plate 32 swings upwards and drives the transition rod 60 to move upwards, and the transverse rod 51 drives the locking vertical rod 52 of the locking rod 50 to swing.

In order to sort the hexagon bolts, the sectional shape of the slot holes 20 should match the shape of the hexagon bolts to improve the sorting efficiency, and the invention is preferably characterized in that the first and

second side walls

23, 24 of the slot holes 20 are folded plates, the distance between the ends of the reference wall 21 is large, the distance between the ends of the end walls 22 is small, and the projection of the slot holes 20 formed by the method on the horizontal plane is T-shaped or convex. The hole cavity on the side where the reference wall 21 is located is large in cross section, the hexagonal head of the bolt is placed in the hole cavity, and the thread section is placed in the area with the small cross section of the hole cavity, so that the axial position of the bolt A to be sorted can be very accurately limited, namely, the position of the working end face of the hexagonal head of the bolt A to be sorted, namely the face attached to a part during connection, is accurately limited, and therefore the unique certainty of the distance between the end face of the thread section of the bolt A to be sorted and the end wall 22 is guaranteed, and more accurately, the certainty of the distance between the end face of the thread section of the bolt A to be sorted and the free end of the transverse plate 31 of the first swing rod plate 30 is guaranteed.

In order to collect the sorted bolts, a collection container is preferably arranged, and specifically, a collection and storage box 70 is arranged beside the slot hole 20, one side box wall of the collection and storage box 70 extends obliquely to the lower part of the slot hole 20, the box wall is located at a avoidance position along the movement locus of the positions of the first swing rod plate 30 and the second swing rod plate 40 matched with the lower end hole of the slot hole 20, and an openable box cover 71 is arranged at the box opening at the upper end of the collection and storage box 70.

The sorting bolts A falling through the slotted holes 20 fall into the box cavity along the guiding of the box wall, and the bolts can be conveniently taken out by opening the box cover 71 when in use. The longer bolts passing through the sorting are collected in the collecting and storing box 70, and the shorter bolts not passing through can be separately stored by the longer bolts, so that the phenomenon that the bolts are mixed again is avoided.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a bolt sorting unit which characterized in that: the rack (10) is provided with a slotted hole (20) for placing a bolt (A) to be sorted, the through direction of the slotted hole (20) is vertical when the bottom of the open-close type slot is opened, the slotted hole (20) comprises a reference wall (21) and an end wall (22) with opposite and parallel wall surfaces, a first side wall (23) and a second side wall (24) are arranged between the side edges of the same side positions of the reference wall (21) and the end wall (22), the reference wall (21), the end wall (22) and the first side wall and the second side wall (23, 24) are positioned in a plumb bob surface, the projection of a slotted hole area enclosed by the reference wall and the first side wall and the second side wall in the horizontal plane is matched with the cross-section contour of a through shaft core of the bolt (A) to be sorted, a first swinging rod plate and a second swinging rod plate (30, 40) are arranged at an orifice at the lower end of the slotted hole (20), the free end of the first swinging rod plate (30) extends from the outer side of the end wall (22) to the inner side of the end wall (22), the second swinging rod plate (40) extends from the outer side of the reference wall (21) to the inner side of the reference wall (21), when the free end of the first swing rod plate (30) moves downwards and swings, the locking rod (50) is driven to be separated from the second swing rod plate (40) and the locking matching is released, and when the free end of the first swing rod plate (30) moves upwards to the lower edge of the end wall (22), the locking rod (50) is in contact with the second swing rod plate (40) to form the locking matching.

2. The bolt sorting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: at least one of the first and second side walls (23, 24) has a spacing gap (25) with the reference wall (21) and/or the end wall (22).

3. The bolt sorting apparatus of claim 2, wherein: a spacing gap (25) is arranged between the second side wall (24) and the end wall (22).

4. The bolt sorting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the swing axis cores of the first and second swing rod plates (30, 40) are positioned outside the slot hole (20) and are parallel to the horizontal direction of the reference wall (21), and the free ends of the first and second swing rod plates (30, 40) are arranged at intervals.

5. The bolt sorting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the second swing rod plate (40) comprises a middle section vertical plate (41), an upper transverse plate (42) and a lower transverse plate (43) are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the middle section vertical plate (41), the upper transverse plate (42) and the lower transverse plate (43) are respectively arranged on the two side plate surfaces of the middle section vertical plate (41), the middle section of the middle section vertical plate (41) is hinged to the rack (10) through a hinged shaft (44), the offset distance between the mass center of the second swing rod plate (40) and the hinged shaft (44) is larger than zero, and the gravity moment orders the upper transverse plate (42) to swing displacement towards the lower opening close to the slotted hole (20) along the side.

6. The bolt sorting apparatus of claim 5, wherein: one side plate edge of the lower transverse plate (43) parallel to the swinging surface is convex and is provided with a convex part (431), the swinging track of the convex part (431) is close to and positioned below the swinging track of the locking rod (50), the lower end of the locking rod (50) is in contact and separated fit with the convex part (431), the upper end of the locking rod (50) is hinged with the rack (10), and the lower end of the locking rod (50) is vertically extended towards the side where the convex part (431) is positioned.

7. The bolt sorting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the first swing rod plate (30) comprises an angular folded plate formed by a transverse plate (31) and a vertical plate (32), a bending part is hinged with the frame (10), a hinged shaft (33) is positioned on the outer side of the slotted hole (20) and is parallel to the horizontal direction of the reference wall (21), the lower end of the vertical plate (32) is connected with one end of a transverse rod (51) of the locking rod (50) through a transition rod (60), and the other end of the transverse rod (51) is fixedly connected with the lower section of the locking vertical rod (52).

8. The bolt sorting apparatus of claim 7, wherein: the upper end of the transition rod (60) is hinged with the lower end of the vertical plate (32), and the lower end of the transition rod (60) is hinged with the transverse rod (51).

9. A bolt sorting apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: the first and second side walls (23, 24) of the slot (20) are in the shape of a folded plate, the distance between the ends of the reference wall (21) is large, the distance between the ends of the end walls (22) is small, and the projection of the slot (20) formed by the folding is T-shaped on the horizontal plane.

10. The bolt sorting apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the collecting and storing box (70) is arranged beside the slotted hole (20), one side box wall of the collecting and storing box (70) extends obliquely to the lower part of the slotted hole (20), the box wall is positioned at the avoidance position along the movement tracks of the parts of the first swing rod plate (30) and the second swing rod plate (40) matched with the lower end hole of the slotted hole (20), and the box opening at the upper end of the collecting and storing box (70) is provided with an openable box cover (71).