CN112914547A - 内源性神经干细胞磁共振无创性示踪技术体系及建立方法 - Google Patents
内源性神经干细胞磁共振无创性示踪技术体系及建立方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物医学技术领域,具体涉及脑内内源性神经干细胞磁共振无创性示踪技术体系及建立方法,本发明通过体外对神经干细胞的波谱特征分析获得波谱特征,该波谱特征峰值可作为神经干细胞在体内外的生物学标记,在动物活体水平验证后在活体水平对人脑内内源性神经干细胞进行检测,结果显示,海马区存在少量神经干细胞,随年龄的增加,其数量减少。本发明的示踪技术体系可利用MRS在活体水平示踪脑内内源性神经干细胞的分布和生物学行为,该技术体系对于临床神经科学及临床评估脑内神经再生、再生指数等提供了直观的、无创的技术方法,具有重要的临床价值和意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医学技术领域,涉及脑内内源性神经干细胞的影像学示踪技术体系,具体涉及脑内内源性神经干细胞磁共振无创性示踪技术体系及建立方法,本发明的示踪技术体系可利用MRS在活体水平示踪脑内内源性神经干细胞的生物学行为。
背景技术
研究公开了成年哺乳类动物脑内有产生新生神经元的能力,这些神经元由位于侧脑室下区和海马的神经干细胞(NSCs)产生,所述NSCs具有自我更新和产生子代细胞的能力。研究显示,NSCs在体内和体外能生成神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞,这为利用NSCs修复因神经退行性疾病和外伤而受损或缺失的神经组织提供了可能。目前,在神经科学的若干领域均有涉及NSCs的研究,且进展迅速,但是,在活体水平无创性观察到NSCs在脑内的分布鲜有报道,基于NSCs重要临床应用价值,其已成为本领域技术人员关注的热点课题。
本发明的研究团队的前期研究中,在体外成功培养出NSCs,并利用超顺磁性氧化铁粒子(SPIO)标记NSCs,将其移植于脑外伤患者脑内后用MRI观察到其在脑内的迁徙,实现了无创观察移植NSCs在宿主脑内的迁徙和分布(发表于新英格兰医学杂志),在此基础上,进一步利用锰增强磁共振(ME-MRI)技术检测到移植的NSCs在大鼠脑损伤区域的功能活动,但是,上述研究均是基于外源性NSCs及对移植NSCs在宿主脑内的迁徙和功能的阶段性研究结果。
关于宿主脑内内源性NSCs的分布以及如何用无创的方法观察到其在体内的生物学行为已成为近年来脑科学研究领域中的又一热点。NSCs体内鉴定和示踪技术的发展将进一步加深人们对NSCs发生潜能的认识,目前,临床研究实践中采用正电子发射CT扫描、单光子CT扫描以及MRI技术均需要事先在体外用放射性标记物或超顺磁性氧化铁粒子SPIO标记NSCs,因此,不适于在活体水平检测大脑内源性NSCs。
氢核磁共振波谱(H-NMR)已被广泛用于体外检测低含量的已知代谢物和体液、组织中的未知复合物;H-NMR能检测神经元特有的代谢物如NAA和胶质细胞特有的产物如Cho;这些复合物已被作为分离组织中相应细胞种类可靠的生物标记物;但是,实践表明,H-NMR不能用于分析活体组织中的物质代谢情况。
基于现有技术的基础与现状,本申请的发明人拟提供脑内内源性神经干细胞的影像学示踪技术体系及其建立方法,本发明的示踪技术体系可利用MRS在活体水平示踪脑内内源性神经干细胞的生物学行为。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于基于现有技术的基础与现状,提供脑内内源性神经干细胞的影像学示踪技术体系,具体涉及内源性神经干细胞磁共振无创性示踪技术体系(即磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)示踪技术)及建立方法,本发明基于MRS的技术体系可在体示踪人类脑内内源性神经干细胞NSCs的生物学特征及生物学行为。建立一种无创性磁共振示踪技术可在活体水平探测脑内内源性神经干细胞的分布和增殖情况。
本发明建立了内源性神经干细胞磁共振无创性示踪技术体系,其包括,在体外检测神经干细胞的波谱特征,在啮齿类动物活体水平进一步验证,在活体水平对人脑内内源性神经干细胞进行检测;尤其是MRS检测内源性神经干细胞NSCs的生物学特征及生物学行为。
更具体的,本发明的内源性神经干细胞磁共振无创性示踪技术体系通过下述方法建立,首先在体外对神经干细胞的波谱特征进行分析,确定其具特征性的峰值,位于1.28ppm处,该峰值随着神经干细胞浓度的升高而增加,而随着神经干细胞的分化其峰值则降低,;然后在啮齿类动物活体水平进一步验证,从不同年龄大鼠脑内分离出细胞,结果显示,随着年龄的增加,分离出的细胞中1.28ppm峰值逐渐减少;最后在活体水平对人脑内内源性神经干细胞进行检测,检测结果显示,海马区存在少量神经干细胞,随着年龄的增加,其数量减少。
本发明中,所述的位于1.28ppm处峰值的神经干细胞的波谱特征可作为神经干细胞在体内外的生物学标记。
本发明建立了一种在活体水平示踪脑内内源性神经干细胞的技术体系,在体外利用质谱仪检测获得体外培养神经干细胞的波谱特征,该波谱特征峰值可作为神经干细胞在体内外的生物学标记,可用于活体水平检测大鼠脑内神经干细胞的分布和生物学行为,该技术体系的建立对于临床神经科学至关重要,为临床评估脑内神经再生、再生指数等提供了直观的、无创的技术方法,具有重要的临床价值和意义。
本发明的在活体水平示踪脑内内源性神经干细胞的技术体系,其具有如下优点:
1)本发明在体外利用质谱仪检测体外培养神经干细胞的波谱特征,发现其具有特征性波峰,位于1.28ppm处;该1.28ppm峰值可作为神经干细胞在体内外的生物学标记;2)本发明利用H-MRS技术在活体水平检测大鼠脑内神经干细胞的分布和生物学行为;3)本发明能检测外源性神经干细胞移植到大鼠脑内后,利用MRS技术观测其在脑内的增殖情况;4)本发明进一步可在人体水平检测成人脑内内源性神经干细胞的生物学特征,利用MRS技术检测脑内内源性神经干细胞的生物学行为。
附图说明
图1:体外培养的神经干细胞波谱分析,其中,箭头表示神经干细胞的波峰在1.28ppm附近。
图2:NMR分析神经干细胞在分化培养液中向子代细胞分化后,发现1.28ppm的波峰下降,而NAA和Cho峰值升高(×103)。
图3:胚胎15天和出生后30天大鼠脑内神经干细胞、神经元和胶质细胞的波谱分析。
图4:正常大鼠左侧皮层移植神经干细胞、右侧皮层移植生理盐水后行波谱检测,发现移植神经干细胞侧皮层含有1.28ppm(A),而移植生理盐水侧皮层则无1.28ppm波峰(B)。
图5:成人海马和皮层MRS检测示海马区可检测到少量1.28ppm波峰,其中,A,1.28ppm波峰(红色线),B,皮层无1.28ppm波峰。
具体实施方式
实施例1大鼠胚胎NSCs的分离、培养与鉴定
(1)神经干细胞的原代培养:
选用14-16天孕鼠,用10%水合氯醛以0.32ml/100g体重腹腔麻醉后处死。常规消毒、开腹、取出胎鼠,并置于4℃PBS液中,取出胎脑后,剥除颅骨及脑膜,解剖显微镜下仔细分离出皮层组织和海马组织。采用机械消化法,将海马和皮层组织锐性切割成1mm3大小,转移至10ml细胞离心管,加入PBS至3ml,小心吹打后静置2分钟,吸出并收集上清液,在含有沉淀组织的离心管中加入相同体积的PBS液,再次吹打,如此反复,使组织体积逐渐减小直至形成单细胞悬液。800转/分钟离心5分钟,弃上清液。加入神经干细胞培养液,吹打均匀成单细胞悬液。台盼蓝染色后细胞计数,调整细胞密度为1×106/ml。于每培养瓶中(24ml培养瓶)加入5×105个细胞,置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中悬浮培养。此后每5-7天机械分离克隆传代一次,3-5天半量换液。
(2)神经干细胞的传代培养:
显微镜下观察当50%神经球大小>100μm时进行传代。将细胞悬液转移至10ml离心管,以800g离心5分钟,弃上清液。加入2ml全培养液,缓慢轻柔吹打细胞团块至单细胞悬液,调整细胞浓度后转移至培养瓶内。传代后的细胞悬液置于37℃,5%CO2培养箱中培养持续进行悬浮培养。连续传代4次以上,直至去除所有死细胞、细胞碎片和不规则细胞团块,形成规则的神经球。进行克隆分析时,取神经球用EDTA和机械消化法至大部分呈单细胞悬液。有限稀释法稀释细胞悬液后接种于96孔板,挑选含有单个细胞的培养孔,置于37℃、5%CO2培养箱中培养,每3-5天更换培养液。显微镜下观察细胞形成克隆的情况。
(3)NSCs的Nestin鉴定:
实验前一天将24孔培养板涂多聚赖氨酸,过夜;使用前D-HANKs液洗三次,每次10分钟。选取培养中的神经球,800g离心3分钟,用少量神经干细胞培养液重悬,种植于24孔培养板上,37℃,5%CO2培养箱中培养2小时使NSCs球贴壁,然后进行间接细胞免疫化学染色法鉴定,步骤如下:
1)、吸尽细胞培养液,加入4%多聚甲醛固定贴壁细胞30分钟;
2)、0.01%PBS洗3次;
3)、加入0.1%Triton破膜30分钟;
4)、各孔加封闭液(正常同羊血清)150μl封闭30分钟;
5)、0.01%PBS洗3次,每次5分钟;
6)、吸尽多余的PBS,加小鼠抗大鼠nestin单克隆抗体工作液100μl,置于湿盒内4℃过夜;
7)、第二天用0.01%PBS洗3次,每次5分钟;
8)、吸尽多余的PBS,加入荧光二抗羊抗鼠IgG-CY3,置于湿盒内37℃避光孵育1小时;
9)、0.01%PBS洗3次,荧光显微镜下观察并拍照。
(4)NSCs的分化鉴定:
选取上述部分培养的神经球,800g离心3分钟,弃上清,用含有血清的神经干细胞分化液和神经元基础培养基(Neurobasal,含2%B27添加剂和0.5mM L-谷氨酰胺)重悬细胞,种植于预先涂有多聚赖氨酸(50μg/ml poly-D-lysine)的24孔培养板上,分别于24h后和7天后行细胞免疫化学鉴定。进行免疫荧光双标时,同时加入两种一抗进行孵育,先进行荧光二抗CY3染色,在荧光显微镜下观察到阳性细胞后,然后,再加入第二个荧光二抗FITC染色1小时,经0.01%PBS洗3次后在荧光显微镜下观察并拍照。
实施例2成人脑内NSCs的分离、培养与鉴定:
开放性脑损伤患者清创后收集暴露的脑组织置于PBS溶液中,反复用PBS冲洗去除血块和污物。吸管吹打至单细胞悬液,用含10%FBS、1%L-谷氨酰胺、1%B27和20ng/ml EGF和bFGF的Neurobasal培养基(Gibco)调整细胞浓度为5×105/ml,置于37℃、5%CO2的细胞培养箱中进行悬浮培养,48小时后更换新鲜培养液。每3-4天更换一半培养液,每7-10天传代1次。鉴定方法同上。
实施例3大鼠颅内NSCs立体定向移植:
选取体外培养的神经干细胞球,胰酶消化成单细胞悬液,在立体定向下移植5ul(1X105NSCs)于大鼠右侧大脑皮层,具体方法:大鼠予腹腔注射10%水合氯醛(0.32ml/100g)麻醉后,俯卧固定于KOPF立体定向仪上,正中切开头皮,在bregman点右侧2mm、后方2mm形成2mmX2mm骨窗,垂直距离硬膜深约2.5mm,用Hamilton微量注射器注入5μL约含1×105个大鼠NSCs悬液,并保留针头在注射处5min以防漏液,然后在3min内逐渐拔出注射针头。移植完毕后缝合头皮,腹腔注射庆大霉素2000单位进行抗菌治疗,大鼠回笼饲养。对照组大鼠移植生理盐水。
体外神经干细胞H-NMR扫描:
(1)选取培养的神经干细胞球,消化后PBS重悬成细胞团,然后在500M质子波谱仪上检测波长,温度保持在35℃,PH为7.25,使用FID扫描,8389.3频率波宽内32768点,时间窗1.95秒,重复时间2秒,扫描128次。扫描前需最小化水峰信号,在工作站软件中经傅里叶变换后得出波形图;
(2)(2)将神经干细胞定向分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞以及少突胶质细胞,并检测相应波长;
(3)将神经干细胞在分化培养液中培养7天后制备成细胞悬液检测其波长;
(4)将胚胎15天大鼠大脑取出,消化、过滤制成细胞悬液;将出生后30天大鼠大脑取出,消化、过滤制成细胞悬液,分别进行波谱检测;
(5)从成年大鼠皮层和海马分离出细胞制备成细胞悬液分别进行波谱测定;
(6)为明确神经干细胞特定波长的物质,将神经干细胞溶解于氯仿:甲醇(2:1),然后在质子波谱仪上检测波长,以分析其组成成分。
体外培养神经干细胞的波谱特征:
选取培养的神经干细胞球,消化后PBS重悬成细胞团,放在细胞检测管中,然后在500M质子波谱仪上检测波长,温度保持在35℃,PH为7.25,使用FID扫描,8389.3频率波宽内32768点,时间窗1.95秒,重复时间2秒,扫描128次。扫描前需最小化水峰信号,在工作站软件中经傅里叶变换后得出波形图(如图1所示),不同浓度的神经干细胞球亦分别经波谱检测,获得1.28ppm波峰值与神经干细胞的数量呈正比例关系;选取培养的神经干细胞球,将NSCs分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞,然后在500M质子波谱仪上分别检测波长,并未发现1.28ppm。
神经干细胞体外培养后波谱测定:
将神经干细胞在分化培养液中向子代细胞分化,第1和7天后在500M质子波谱仪上分别检测波长,温度保持在35℃,PH为7.25,使用FID扫描,8389.3频率波宽内32768点,时间窗1.95秒,重复时间2秒,扫描128次。扫描前需最小化水峰信号,在工作站软件中经傅里叶变换后得出波形图,发现1.28ppm的波峰下降,而NAA和Cho峰值升高(如图2所示)。
不同胎龄大鼠脑内细胞分离后波谱测定:
从胚胎15天(E15)和生后30(P30)天大鼠脑中分离、培养出细胞,分别进行波谱测定。结果显示与胚胎15天大鼠相比,出生30天大鼠脑内分离的细胞其1.28ppm生物标记物的含量减少,而终末分化细胞的特定波峰增加(如图3所示)。
实施例4大鼠脑内神经干细胞H-MRS扫描:
(1)第一组正常大鼠:采用德国Siemens公司3.0T磁共振仪和动物线圈扫描,以高分辨率的T2图像选择扫描范围(VOI=2.5mm3),分别定位于大鼠皮层和海马,使用多体素波谱序列扫描,扫描参数如下:TE/TR=8ms/2000ms,2048数据采集点,波幅范围为16.01ppm(6410Hz),扫描时间10分钟。数据经奇值变换法(SVD)处理;
(2)第二组大鼠:一侧皮层移植神经干细胞,另一侧皮层移植生理盐水。亦采用上述方法检测相应皮层的波谱。数据分别经奇值变换法(SVD)和傅里叶变换法处理。
成人脑内神经干细胞MRS扫描:
使用德国Siemens公司临床3T机器扫描,3位青春期(20岁以下)、3位成年人(30-40岁)和3位老年人(60岁以上)健康志愿者分别测定皮层和海马,扫描参数为:TE/TR=30ms/2,000ms,海马voxel size 30x12x12mm3,皮层voxel size16x16x16mm3,spectral width2,000Hz,1,024points,128averages,扫描时间4min 55sec,数据经奇值变换法(SVD)处理。
比较两组数据时采用t检验,用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计学分析处理(t检验);比较三组或以上数据时采用变量分析法(ANOVA),以P<0.05表示统计学有差异,P<0.01表示统计学有显著性差异。
NSCs移植到大鼠脑内后波谱检测:
正常大鼠左侧皮层移植神经干细胞,右侧皮层移植生理盐水。采用德国Siemens公司3.0T磁共振仪和动物线圈扫描,以高分辨率的T2图像选择扫描范围(VOI=2.5mm3),分别定位于两侧皮层,使用多体素波谱序列扫描,扫描参数如下:TE/TR=8ms/2000ms,2048数据采集点,波幅范围为16.01ppm(6410Hz),扫描时间10分钟。数据分别经奇值变换法(SVD)和傅里叶变换法处理。结果显示NSCs移植侧皮层含有1.28ppm波峰(如图4A所示),而对照侧则未检测到1.28ppm波峰(如图4B所示)。
成人脑内神经干细胞MRS示踪:
使用德国Siemens公司的临床3T机器扫描,对3位成年人(30-40岁)健康志愿者分别测定皮层和海马波谱。MRS扫描参数为:TE/TR=30ms/2000ms,海马voxel size30x12x12mm3,皮层voxel size16x16x16mm3,spectral width 2000Hz,1024points,128averages,扫描时间4min 55sec。数据经后处理,结果显示海马区可检测到少量1.28ppm波峰(如图5A所示),而皮层则无1.28ppm波峰(如图5B所示),结果表明海马区存在少许神经干细胞,可通过MRS的方法检测到。
Claims (7)
1.内源性神经干细胞磁共振无创性示踪技术体系,其特征在于,所述的示踪技术为磁共振波谱(magnetic resonance spectroscopy,MRS)示踪技术,其包括,体外检测神经干细胞的波谱特征,在啮齿类动物活体水平进一步验证,在活体水平对人脑内内源性神经干细胞进行检测;基于MRS检测内源性神经干细胞NSCs的分布和增殖及生物学特征及生物学行为。
2.按权利要求1所述的内源性神经干细胞磁共振无创性示踪技术体系,其特征在于,所述的体外检测的神经干细胞的波谱特征峰值,位于1.28ppm处。
3.按权利要求2所述的内源性神经干细胞磁共振无创性示踪技术体系,其特征在于,所述的波谱特征峰值随神经干细胞浓度的升高而增加,随神经干细胞的分化其峰值则降低。
4.权利要求1所述的内源性神经干细胞磁共振无创性示踪技术体系的建立方法,其特征在于,其包括步骤,
首先在体外对神经干细胞的波谱特征进行分析,确定其特征性的峰值,位于1.28ppm处,该峰值随着神经干细胞浓度的升高而增加,而随着神经干细胞的分化其峰值则降低;然后在啮齿类动物活体水平进一步验证,从不同年龄大鼠脑内分离出细胞,结果显示,随着年龄的增加,分离出的细胞中1.28ppm峰值逐渐减少;最后在活体水平对人脑内内源性神经干细胞进行检测,检测结果显示,海马区存在少量神经干细胞,随着年龄的增加,其数量减少。
5.按权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述的特征性的峰值位于1.28ppm处。
6.权利要求1或2所述的体外检测的神经干细胞的波谱特征峰值在制备作为神经干细胞在体内外的生物学标记物中的用途。
7.按权利要求6所述的用途,其特征在于,所述的特征性的峰值在活体水平对人脑内内源性神经干细胞检测显示,海马区存在少量神经干细胞,随着年龄的增加,其数量减少。
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