CN112914531B - Method for determining blood pressure envelope wave, electronic device and storage medium - Google Patents
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Abstract
The application relates to a method for determining blood pressure envelope waves, an electronic device and a storage medium, wherein the method for determining the blood pressure envelope waves comprises the following steps: detecting a pulse wave signal when the cuff starts to deflate; the pulse wave contained in the pulse wave signal comprises an ascending section and a descending section; filtering the detected pulse wave signals, and reserving effective pulse waves with rising sections of more than or equal to 50 milliseconds and less than or equal to 250 milliseconds and falling sections of more than or equal to the rising sections; averaging to obtain an average amplitude value according to a plurality of effective pulse waves obtained by filtering in the same measuring platform; and fitting the average amplitude values of the effective pulse waves of all the measurement platforms to obtain an amplitude time domain response envelope wave. According to the method and the device, the influence of interference can be reduced to a great extent, and more accurate amplitude time domain response envelope waves are obtained finally.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of blood pressure envelope technologies, and in particular, to a method for determining a blood pressure envelope wave, an electronic device, and a storage medium.
Background
The non-invasive blood pressure measured by blood pressure measuring devices such as multi-parameter monitors, various sphygmomanometers and the like can be used for evaluating cardiovascular functions. Can monitor blood pressure timely and accurately, and has important significance for understanding the state of an illness and guiding the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. How to objectively and fairly evaluate the performance of the non-invasive blood pressure measuring modules on the electronic sphygmomanometer and the monitor provides a new problem for medical engineering personnel.
Currently, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure are determined by using a method of constructing a blood pressure envelope wave.
However, the inventor believes that the existing blood pressure envelope wave determination method has low anti-interference capability, and the accuracy of the blood pressure envelope wave constructed under the condition that the patient slightly moves or the arm is dark, so that the accuracy of the finally obtained systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is also low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the problem that the accuracy of the blood pressure envelope waves constructed under the condition that a patient slightly moves or the arm has the weak strength, the application provides a method for determining the blood pressure envelope waves, electronic equipment and a storage medium.
In a first aspect, the method for determining blood pressure envelope waves provided by the present application adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of determining a blood pressure envelope wave, comprising:
detecting a pulse wave signal when the cuff starts to deflate; the pulse wave contained in the pulse wave signal comprises an ascending section and a descending section;
filtering the detected pulse wave signals, and reserving effective pulse waves with rising sections of more than or equal to 50 milliseconds and less than or equal to 250 milliseconds and falling sections of more than or equal to the rising sections;
averaging to obtain an average amplitude value according to a plurality of effective pulse waves obtained by filtering in the same measuring platform;
and fitting the average amplitude values of the effective pulse waves of all the measurement platforms to obtain an amplitude time domain response envelope wave.
By adopting the technical scheme, especially the detected pulse wave signals are filtered, and effective pulse waves with ascending sections more than or equal to 50 milliseconds and less than or equal to 250 milliseconds and descending sections more than or equal to the ascending sections are reserved; therefore, the influence of interference can be reduced to a great extent (the rise section of interference generated by general motion interference is far more than 250 ms), a more accurate amplitude time domain response envelope wave is finally obtained, and a more accurate pressure value can be calculated by using the amplitude time domain response envelope wave.
Preferably, the averaging, in the same measurement platform, according to the multiple effective pulse waves obtained by filtering to obtain an average amplitude value includes:
each measuring platform stores the amplitude value of the initial position of the ascending section of each pulse wave as the minimum value and the amplitude value corresponding to the highest point of the ascending section as the maximum value according to the effective pulse waves obtained by filtering; wherein, each time when 8-11mmHg is deflated, the time period when the cuff pressure is kept unchanged after the electromagnetic valve is closed is called a measuring platform; each measuring platform filters the detected pulse wave signals, two effective pulse waves are obtained, or one effective pulse wave is not acquired after 3 seconds, then the gas is discharged to the next measuring platform, and the like is repeated until the gas discharge is finished, so that the effective pulse waves of a plurality of measuring platforms are obtained;
calculating an average amplitude value according to the minimum value and the maximum value of the amplitude of the pulse wave;
and averaging a plurality of amplitude values obtained by each measuring platform, and storing the calculation result into a time domain amplitude envelope array.
By adopting the technical scheme to calculate the average amplitude value, the amplitude time domain response envelope wave fitted by the data in the time domain amplitude envelope array is more stable.
Preferably, the method further comprises: sampling effective pulse waves obtained by filtering each measuring platform within unit time (the unit time is more than half of a pulse period), carrying out one-time fast Fourier spectrum transformation on the obtained sampling value, and calculating the total energy of a unit Fourier spectrum by using an output result; if a certain measuring platform has a plurality of unit times, averaging the total energy of the obtained Fourier spectrums of a plurality of units to obtain the total energy of the average Fourier spectrums of the measuring platform; the total energy of the Fourier spectrum of the average unit of all the measuring platforms forms another spectrum total energy enveloping wave, namely a Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave, which is used for correcting the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave.
By adopting the technical scheme, the method samples in unit time (the unit time is more than half of a pulse period), and performs one-time fast Fourier spectrum transformation on the obtained sampling value, the total energy of the unit Fourier spectrum is obtained by utilizing the output result to calculate, and the average total energy of the unit Fourier spectrum of all the measuring platforms forms a total energy envelope wave of the spectrum, namely a Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave, so that the frequency measuring method in the method not only can measure by a synchronous time domain algorithm (namely calculate and obtain the amplitude time domain response envelope wave), has no time delay, but also has high precision, and can greatly improve the precision and the anti-interference capability of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave when being subsequently used for correcting the amplitude time domain response envelope wave. In addition, under the condition of no interference, the specific pulse wave is not needed to be analyzed, so the error of the average energy of the frequency spectrum obtained by using a frequency method is small, and a very accurate Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope can be obtained. When the blood pressure of a person is very high and the initial inflation pressure does not reach the diastolic pressure, the time domain analysis method may misjudge, and the frequency analysis method has no obvious concentrated envelope segment, so that the error result of time domain calculation can be rejected.
Preferably, the fast fourier transform is calculated by using a shared fast fourier transform algorithm of an ideographic peninsula body and a fixed coefficient table method.
The method used by the general fast Fourier transform is a recursive iteration method, and a large amount of CPU calculation amount is consumed, so that calculation by using the MCU of a common singlechip is very laborious, and finally, the calculation is very slow, and the practicability is not high. By adopting the technical scheme, the fixed coefficient table method is adopted when the fast Fourier transform is used, so that a large number of calculation processes are saved, the calculation time can be greatly saved, and the capability of using a single chip microcomputer is achieved. In addition, by adopting the shared fast fourier transform algorithm of the ideographic peninsula body, the algorithm has higher calculation speed (for example, 256-point fourier transform only needs 890 microseconds), so that the algorithm can be completely embedded into a time domain algorithm for calculation, and the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave with higher accuracy can be rapidly obtained by matching with the time domain algorithm (namely, the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave is obtained by calculation).
Preferably, the fixed coefficient table is determined by:
firstly, determining the number of stages M required to carry out butterfly operation according to the number N of sampling points contained in each period (namely the number of unit Fourier sampling points, namely the total number of points calculated by one-time fast Fourier transform)：N=2 M ；
Then, a fixed butterfly coefficient of the first FFT ensemble is calculated according to the following formula
Obtaining a fixed coefficient table:
wherein,
；
(ii) a L =1, 2, 3, … M; j is each butterfly operation in each level of butterfly operation, and L represents the butterfly operation of the next level; p represents a calculation factor of the butterfly coefficient.
Because the application of the invention is non-invasive blood pressure measurement, the total energy of each conversion is needed to be calculated each time, and the output result does not need to consider the sequence of data. The coefficients are divided into real and imaginary parts. Because one vector data is calculated at the same time, the real number part and the imaginary number part can be fixed in length, and the two data are combined into one data to be stored in a coefficient table, so that the data can be conveniently taken out. The method is used for calculating the overall fixed coefficient of the fast Fourier transform, the calculation speed is high, for example, the 256-point DFT calculation is less than 1 millisecond, and the calculation precision is high.
Preferably, the modifying the amplitude time domain response envelope wave by using the fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave includes:
judging the legality of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave and the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave;
if the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave is legal and the amplitude time domain response envelope wave is illegal, comparing the position of the amplitude maximum value of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave with the position of the amplitude maximum value of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave;
if the pressure difference corresponding to the two maximum positions is larger than or equal to 30mmHg, removing the maximum amplitude value of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave, storing the average value of the amplitude sum of the front and rear two measurement platforms adjacent to the platform containing the maximum value to the maximum position, and obtaining the updated amplitude time domain response envelope wave;
judging the validity of the updated amplitude time domain response envelope wave, if the updated amplitude time domain response envelope wave is illegal, continuously searching the position of the amplitude maximum value obtained by the updated amplitude time domain response envelope wave, and comparing the position of the amplitude maximum value with the position of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave; by analogy, if a legal amplitude time domain response envelope wave is obtained or the legal amplitude time domain response envelope wave is not obtained after repeated for multiple times (for example, 2 times), the measurement fails, and the measurement is restarted;
and if the pressure difference corresponding to the two maximum positions is less than 30mmHg, the amplitude maximum positions of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave are expanded to the front end and the rear end, the amplitude value of each continuous three measuring platforms and the amplitude value of the middle measuring platform are the average value of the amplitude values of the front measuring platform and the rear measuring platform, and the two sides of the amplitude value of each measuring platform keep continuously ascending and descending.
Judging the legality of the time domain maximum value position, namely the average pressure value by using the frequency method maximum value position, and ensuring that the average pressure position is legal; otherwise, the time-domain envelope wave is corrected, and if the corrected value is illegal, the measurement is abandoned. By adopting the technical scheme, the maximum value of the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave is continuously corrected by utilizing the legal Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave, so that the accuracy of the finally obtained amplitude time domain response enveloping wave is higher, the anti-interference capability in the blood pressure measuring process is improved, and the blood pressure measuring precision is finally improved.
Preferably, the modifying the amplitude time domain response envelope wave by using the fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave includes:
judging the legality of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave and the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave;
if the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave and the amplitude time domain response envelope wave are both legal, comparing the position of the amplitude maximum value of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave with the position of the amplitude maximum value of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave;
and if the pressure difference corresponding to the two maximum positions is greater than or equal to 30mmHg, removing the maximum amplitude value of the amplitude time-domain response envelope wave, storing the average value of the amplitude sum of the front platform and the rear platform adjacent to the platform containing the maximum value to the maximum position, and obtaining the updated amplitude time-domain response envelope wave.
Judging the legality of the time domain maximum value position, namely the average pressure value by using the frequency method maximum value position, and ensuring that the average pressure position is legal; otherwise, correcting the time domain maximum value. By adopting the technical scheme, the maximum value of the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave is corrected by utilizing the legal Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave, so that the accuracy of the finally obtained amplitude time domain response enveloping wave is higher, the anti-interference capability in the blood pressure measuring process is improved, and the blood pressure measuring precision is finally improved.
Preferably, the validity of the fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave is judged by the following method: if the frequency spectrum energy average value of the measuring platform containing the maximum frequency spectrum energy average value and the adjacent continuous measuring platform is reduced in an echelon from the maximum value position, and the total length of the measuring platform containing the maximum frequency spectrum energy average value and all other measuring platforms is not less than 30mmHg, the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave is legal; judging the validity of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave by the following method: and if the average pulse amplitude values of the measurement platform containing the maximum average amplitude and other platforms are reduced from the maximum value position in a gradient manner, and the total length of the measurement platform containing the maximum average amplitude and all other measurement platforms is not less than 30mmHg, the amplitude time domain response envelope wave is legal.
By adopting the technical scheme, the distance between the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure of a human is at least 15mmHg, and one more jump is added before and after the human, the total is 30mmHg, and the distance is generally far greater than the value. Therefore, by defining the average value of the spectral energy of the measuring platform containing the maximum average value of the spectral energy and the adjacent continuous measuring platforms, the average value becomes smaller from the maximum position, and the total length of the measuring platform containing the maximum average value of the spectral energy and all other measuring platforms is not less than 30mmHg, and the average value of the pulse amplitude of the measuring platform containing the maximum average amplitude and all other measuring platforms becomes smaller from the maximum position, and the total length of the measuring platform containing the maximum average amplitude and all other measuring platforms is not less than 30mmHg, the legality of the envelope wave can be effectively and accurately judged.
Preferably, the filtering the detected pulse wave signals and keeping the effective pulse wave with an ascending section greater than or equal to 50 milliseconds and less than or equal to 250 milliseconds and a descending section greater than or equal to the ascending section further comprises: the detected pulse wave signals are subjected to 0.5Hz-30Hz band-pass filtering, so that fast Fourier transform can be performed by using fewer sampling points, and the high precision of the transform is ensured.
In a second aspect, the present application further provides an electronic device, which adopts the following technical solutions:
an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program that can be loaded by the processor and executed to perform any of the methods as described above.
In a third aspect, the present application further provides a computer-readable storage medium, which adopts the following technical solution:
a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that can be loaded by a processor and executed to perform a method according to any one of the preceding claims.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the method filters the detected pulse wave signals, and retains effective pulse waves with rising sections of more than or equal to 50 milliseconds and less than or equal to 250 milliseconds and falling sections of more than or equal to the rising sections; therefore, the influence of interference can be reduced to a great extent (the rising section of the interference generated by general motion interference is far more than 250 ms), a more accurate amplitude time domain response envelope wave is finally obtained, and a more accurate pressure value can be calculated by using the amplitude time domain response envelope wave.
2. In the application, the unit Fourier spectrum total energy is obtained by adopting a frequency measurement method in unit time for pulse wave signals obtained by filtering, and the unit Fourier spectrum total energy of a plurality of platforms is fitted into a Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave for correcting the amplitude time domain response envelope wave, so that more accurate amplitude time domain response envelope waves can be obtained, and the measurement precision of the non-invasive blood pressure and the anti-interference capability during measurement are greatly improved. The Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave in the method can remove various white noise interferences and other instrument interferences, and the finally obtained envelope wave obtained by the method of combining the time domain with the frequency domain is more accurate, so that the anti-interference performance can be greatly improved. The actual situation is that the action exists in the deflation measurement process, and the output of a correct result cannot be influenced no matter how large the action is; and the measurement result is not influenced when the device is used together with any high-power instrument.
3. The method adopts a shared fast Fourier transform algorithm of an ideographic peninsula body and a fixed coefficient table method to calculate, and obtains the average value of the frequency spectrum energy of the Fourier frequency spectrum in unit time. The method used by the general fast Fourier transform is a recursive iteration method, and a large amount of CPU calculation amount is consumed, so that calculation by using the MCU of a common singlechip is very laborious, and finally, the calculation is very slow, and the practicability is not high. By adopting the technical scheme, the fixed coefficient table method is adopted when the fast Fourier transform is used, so that a large number of calculation processes are saved, the calculation time can be greatly saved, and the capability of using a single chip microcomputer is achieved. In addition, by adopting the shared fast fourier transform algorithm of the ideographic peninsula body, the algorithm has higher calculation speed (for example, 256-point fourier transform only needs 890 microseconds), so that the algorithm can be completely embedded into a time domain algorithm for calculation, and the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave with higher accuracy can be rapidly obtained by matching with the time domain algorithm (namely, the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave is obtained by calculation).
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for determining a blood pressure envelope wave in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for determining a blood pressure envelope wave in another embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining a plurality of mean amplitude values of a valid pulse wave according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a method for modifying an amplitude time domain response envelope wave by a fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave in an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a volume pulse wave.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart for anti-interference acquisition of envelope waves of the same measurement platform.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-6.
The inventor has further studied the pulse wave:
due to the periodic contraction and relaxation of the heart, blood continuously flows into and out of arterial blood vessels, causing the blood volume in the blood vessels to change, thereby generating volume pulse waves. As shown in fig. 5, the volume pulse wave mainly includes ascending and descending branches.
Ascending branch (AB segment): in the rapid ejection period of the heart chamber, a large amount of blood flows into arterial blood vessels to cause the vessel wall to expand suddenly, the filling capacity of the blood vessels is increased, and ascending branches of waveforms are formed. The ascending branch ascends fast without pause, if the ventricular stroke volume is large, the ejection speed is fast and the peripheral resistance is small, the ascending branch slope is large and the amplitude is large; otherwise, the rising is slower and the amplitude is smaller.
Descending branch (BF section): in the slow ejection period of the heart chamber, the amount of blood entering the aorta is less than the amount of blood from the aorta to the periphery, the aorta is elastically retracted, the magnitude of the blood vessel filling is reduced, and the anterior segment of the descending branch is formed. During ventricular diastole, the rest of the descending branch is formed as the aortic flow increases further towards the peripheral blood volume. There is an incisional notch in the descending branch of the pulse wave, called the descending isthmus (point C), which occurs at the instant the aortic valve closes. The aortic valve closes because ventricular diastole causes aortic blood to flow back towards the ventricles. The regurgitated blood expands the aortic root and is blocked by the closed aortic valve to form a reverse wave, a transient upward wave appears in the descending branch to become a descending wave (CDE), a descending isthmus is formed in front of the descending branch, the descending rate of the descending branch is slow when the peripheral resistance is high, the descending slope is steep after the descending branch is high, and the reverse is true when the peripheral resistance is low.
The inventor finds out through a great deal of research that: in the measurement of non-invasive blood pressure, each pulse wave has at least two sections, namely an AB section and a BF section, wherein the BF section is more than or equal to the AB section; the AB segment caused by the rapid ejection period of the ventricles is the most reliable, every person has the AB segment which is a straight line with a certain slope, and the AB segment is in a fixed range during the non-invasive blood pressure measurement. In general, AB segment length range-neonates: 50ms to 100ms, and 60ms to 250ms for adults. Assuming a sampling rate of 200hz is used, i.e. 5ms for each sample point, the AB segment for each neonate is 10 to 20 sample points, and 12 to 32 sample points for adults (depending on the sampling frequency, different numbers of sample points can be easily calculated).
The embodiment of the application discloses a method for determining blood pressure envelope waves. Referring to fig. 1, the method for determining blood pressure envelope waves provided by the present application adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of determining a blood pressure envelope wave, comprising:
s1, detecting the pulse wave signal when the cuff starts to deflate; the pulse wave contained in the pulse wave signal comprises an ascending section and a descending section;
s2, filtering the detected pulse wave signals, and reserving effective pulse waves with rising sections more than or equal to 50 milliseconds and less than or equal to 250 milliseconds and falling sections more than or equal to the rising sections;
s3, averaging a plurality of effective pulse waves obtained by filtering in the same measuring platform to obtain an average amplitude value;
and S4, fitting the average amplitude values of the effective pulse waves of all the measurement platforms to obtain an amplitude time domain response envelope wave.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3 and fig. 6, step S3 includes:
s31, storing the amplitude value of the initial position of the ascending section of each pulse wave as the minimum value and the amplitude value corresponding to the highest point of the ascending section as the maximum value by each measuring platform according to the effective pulse waves obtained by filtering; wherein, each time 8-11mmHg (millimeter mercury) is deflated, the time period for which the cuff pressure is kept unchanged after the electromagnetic valve is closed is called a measuring platform; each measuring platform filters the detected pulse wave signals to obtain two effective pulse waves (namely the pulse waves with the ascending section more than or equal to 50 milliseconds and less than or equal to 250 milliseconds and the descending section more than or equal to the ascending section in the application, the two effective pulse waves are obtained, the pulse rate is convenient to calculate), and when one effective pulse wave is not acquired after or for 3 seconds continuously, the two effective pulse waves are deflated to the next measuring platform, and the like is performed until the deflation is finished, so that the effective pulse waves of a plurality of measuring platforms are obtained; generally, about 7 times of measurement of blood pressure and deflation of normal people is finished, and the inflating time is about 22 seconds; the one-time complete measurement is from timing to inflating or from starting to inflating by pressing an inflating key to displaying a measurement result, and is one-time complete measurement; if air supplement or re-measurement exists in the middle, the same measurement is calculated.
S32, calculating an average amplitude value according to the minimum value and the maximum value of the amplitude of the pulse wave;
s33, re-averaging the multiple amplitude values obtained by each measurement platform, and storing the calculation results in the time domain amplitude envelope array (finally, N measurement platforms obtain N average amplitude values).
Optionally, as shown in fig. 2, the method further includes:
s6, sampling the effective pulse wave obtained by filtering each measuring platform in unit time (DFT conversion data can be obtained while the effective pulse wave is obtained), performing one-time fast Fourier spectrum transformation on the obtained sampling value, and calculating the total energy of the unit Fourier spectrum by using the output result; if a certain measuring platform has a plurality of unit time, averaging the total energy of the obtained Fourier spectrums of the plurality of units to obtain the total energy of the average Fourier spectrums of the measuring platform; wherein the unit time is greater than half of the pulse period;
and S7, forming a spectrum total energy enveloping wave, namely a Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave, by the average unit Fourier spectrum total energy of all the measurement platforms, and modifying the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave (then, obtaining final systolic pressure, average pressure and diastolic pressure results by utilizing the modified amplitude time domain response enveloping wave).
In the method, 256 points can be sampled at a sampling frequency of 200HZ in unit time, and a fast fourier spectrum transform is performed once after sampling to obtain a corresponding number (for example, 256) of fourier spectra; then, according to a fourier amplitude frequency domain response calculation formula-f (N) = (N-1) × f (s)/N (N is the number of sampling points, and f(s) is the fourier frequency point value), calculating corresponding number (for example, 256) of fourier spectrum amplitude frequency responses, and obtaining corresponding spectrum energy of the fourier spectrum; summing the spectrum energy of a corresponding number (for example 256) of Fourier spectrums to obtain the total energy of the unit Fourier spectrum; and if a certain measuring platform has a plurality of unit time, averaging the obtained total energy of the Fourier spectrums of the units to obtain the average total energy of the Fourier spectrums of the measuring platform.
The unit time described in this application is greater than half of the pulse period, i.e. the number of sampling points per unit of fourier calculation must exceed half of a pulse wave. The slowest pulse of the human body is 30 times/minute, namely 2 seconds, namely one pulse wave, so that in the specific implementation, the Fourier sampling period of the pulse wave must be more than 1 second. For example, sampling may be performed at a sampling frequency of 200hz and 256 points in one cycle. Different sampling frequencies can obtain different sampling points; but the sampling period (i.e., the set unit time) is at least more than half of one pulse wave period.
Optionally, the fast fourier spectrum transformation is calculated by using a shared fast fourier transform algorithm of an ideogram peninsula and a fixed coefficient table method.
Optionally, the fixed coefficient table is determined by:
first, the number of sampling points N (i.e., Fourier unit) included in each period is determinedThe number of leaf sampling points, i.e., the total number of points of one fast fourier calculation) determines the number of stages M that need to be subjected to butterfly operations: n =2 M ；
Then, a fixed butterfly coefficient of the first FFT ensemble is calculated according to the following formula
Obtaining a fixed coefficient table:
wherein,
；
(ii) a L =1, 2, 3, … M; j is each butterfly operation in each level of butterfly operation, and L represents the butterfly operation of the next level; p represents a calculation factor of the butterfly coefficient.
For example, N =8 (i.e., the number of sampling points required for a fourier transform calculation), based on N =2 M Obtaining: m = 3;
l =1, J = 0;
(p = 0) ；
l =2, J = 0, 1;
(p=0，2)；
j = 0, 1, 2, 3 when L = 3;
(p =0，2，4，6）；
therefore, if there are 8 samples to do the butterfly, 7 butterflies are performed.
The shared fast Fourier transform algorithm of the ideological peninsula body is applied to the determination of the blood pressure envelope waves for the first time, the harmonic frequency of the non-invasive blood pressure pulse waves is 0.5HZ-30HZ, so the frequency band is narrow, the whole pulse waves can be approximately represented without too many harmonic DFT frequency points, and the number of sampling points must be N =2 m For example, N included in each period takes 256 points, corresponding to N =2 m M takes 8, i.e. 8 levels of butterflies need to be performed.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 4, in step S7, the modifying the amplitude time domain response envelope wave by the fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave by the following method includes:
s71, judging the legality of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave and the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave;
s72, if the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave is legal and the amplitude time domain response envelope wave is illegal, comparing the amplitude maximum position of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave with the amplitude maximum position of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave;
s73, if the pressure difference corresponding to the two maximum positions is larger than or equal to 30mmHg, removing the maximum amplitude value of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave, and storing the average value of the amplitude sum of the front and rear two measurement platforms adjacent to the platform containing the maximum value to the maximum position to obtain an updated amplitude time domain response envelope wave;
s74, judging the validity of the updated amplitude time domain response enveloping wave;
s75, if the updated amplitude time domain response envelope wave is illegal, continuously searching the position of the amplitude maximum value obtained by the updated amplitude time domain response envelope wave, and comparing the position of the amplitude maximum value with the position of the amplitude maximum value of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave; and so on until obtaining the legal amplitude time domain response envelope wave; if a legal amplitude time domain response envelope wave is not obtained after repeated for multiple times (such as 2 times), the measurement fails, and the measurement is restarted;
and if the pressure difference corresponding to the two maximum positions is less than 30mmHg, the amplitude maximum positions of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave are expanded to the front end and the rear end, the amplitude value of each continuous three measuring platforms and the amplitude value of the middle measuring platform are the average value of the amplitude values of the front measuring platform and the rear measuring platform, and the two sides of the amplitude value of each measuring platform keep continuously ascending and descending.
Optionally, if both the fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave and the amplitude time domain response envelope wave are legal, the fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave modifies the amplitude time domain response envelope wave by the following method:
comparing the amplitude maximum position of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave with the amplitude maximum position of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave;
and if the pressure difference corresponding to the two maximum positions is greater than or equal to 30mmHg, removing the maximum amplitude value of the amplitude time-domain response envelope wave, storing the average value of the amplitude sum of the front platform and the rear platform adjacent to the platform containing the maximum value to the maximum position, and obtaining the updated amplitude time-domain response envelope wave.
Finally, the maximum value of the amplitude of the updated amplitude time domain response envelope wave corresponds to the average voltage; then, the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure can be obtained by a normalization processing mode, the ratio of the amplitude value of all the platforms to the maximum amplitude value is used as the amplitude coefficient of the platform, and then the final accurate result is obtained according to the coefficient ratio. Specifically, systolic blood pressure acquisition: and pushing forward from the position with the amplitude coefficient of 1, and ending when the normalization coefficient is less than 0.5. And comparing the amplitude coefficient of the final platform with the amplitude coefficient of the latter platform, and finally calculating a final accurate result according to the amplitude coefficient proportion of 0.5 in the two platforms. And (3) obtaining the diastolic pressure, ending when the amplitude coefficient is less than 0.7 from the position with the amplitude coefficient of 1 to the backward deduction, comparing the amplitude coefficient from the ending position with the previous amplitude coefficient, and calculating the final accurate result by using the ratio of 0.7 of the two amplitude coefficients to the two coefficients. The above coefficients 0.5 and 0.7 are obtained clinically, and in actual implementation, the coefficients have some deviation according to different hardware.
If the amplitude time domain response envelope wave is valid, the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave is invalid; analyzing whether the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave has an obvious maximum value (the maximum value exceeds twice of the minimum value); if not, the measurement fails, if yes, whether the distance between the maximum position of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave and the maximum position of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave exceeds 30mmHg is judged; if yes, the measurement fails; if the amplitude does not exceed 30mmHg, directly using the amplitude time domain response envelope wave as a final result; and calculating the starting position and the ending position of the time; if it is too low, the position where the next measurement starts increases by 60/30 mmHg; too high, the next start measurement position is lowered 60/30mmHg (adult/neonatal). For adults: start positions greater than 200mmHg are too high; too low below 120mmHg at the starting position; for neonates: the starting position is too high above 100mmHg and too low below 55 mmHg.
If the amplitude time domain response envelope wave and the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave are invalid, reading the total measurement time, and if the total measurement time is less than 50 seconds, inflating again and carrying out one-time measurement; if the time is more than 50 seconds, the measurement fails.
Optionally, the validity of the fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave is judged by the following method: if the spectrum energy average value of the measurement platform containing the maximum spectrum energy average value and the adjacent continuous measurement platform is reduced in a gradient manner from the maximum value position (the gradient is reduced, namely the value of each platform from the position of the maximum value to two sides is smaller than the value of the last platform), and the total length of the measurement platform containing the maximum spectrum energy average value and all other measurement platforms is not less than 30mmHg (namely the difference between the first pressure value of the envelope and the last pressure value of the envelope is more than 30 mmHg; the distance between the systolic pressure value and the diastolic pressure value of a person is at least 15mmHg, plus one more jump before and after the person is added, the total is 30mmHg, and the value is generally far more than the value), the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave is legal; judging the validity of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave by the following method: if the average pulse amplitude values of the measurement platform containing the maximum average amplitude and the other platforms are reduced from the maximum value position in a gradient manner, and the total length of the measurement platform containing the maximum average amplitude and all other measurement platforms is not less than 30mmHg (namely, the difference between the first pressure value of the envelope and the last pressure value of the envelope is greater than 30mmHg for the measurement platform containing the maximum average amplitude), the amplitude time domain response envelope wave is legal.
In specific implementation, the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave is analyzed by a frequency method, firstly, the legality of the maximum value of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave needs to be analyzed, namely, the continuity of the enveloping amplitude of the adjacent continuous platforms of the platform containing the maximum value is mainly judged, whether the energy is concentrated on two sides of the maximum value or not is judged, and the energy is reduced in a gradient manner; and whether the energy concentration is at least about 30mmHg distance (about 4 stages of metrology is required if each metrology stage is about 8mmH apart). If there is a significant concentration of the envelope and the maximum value of the fourier magnitude frequency domain response envelope is legal, then the fourier magnitude frequency domain response envelope is legal. The starting position of the concentration is up to the systolic position and the end position of the concentration is approximately the diastolic position. It should be noted that the frequency method for determining systolic pressure and diastolic pressure is an inaccurate determination, and can be used to compare the accurate results obtained by the time domain method with the time domain and frequency domain measurements, and the difference between the values cannot exceed 30 mmHg. Since the average pressure of the frequency method is correct, the difference of the average pressure position of the time domain is supposed to be judged, then other various comparisons are carried out, and finally, the time domain method is used for calculating the accurate results of the systolic pressure and the diastolic pressure.
If the position of the maximum value is at the beginning deflation measuring platform or at the last ending measuring platform, the envelope is an invalid envelope; the envelope is an amplitude time domain response envelope wave or a fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope wave.
Preferably, the filtering the detected pulse wave signals and keeping the effective pulse wave with an ascending section greater than or equal to 50 milliseconds and less than or equal to 250 milliseconds and a descending section greater than or equal to the ascending section further comprises: and carrying out band-pass filtering on the detected pulse wave signals at 0.5Hz-30 Hz.
After the detected pulse wave signals are subjected to band-pass filtering of 0.5Hz to 30Hz, one path of the pulse wave signals is sent to an analysis queue of a time domain method (namely amplitude time domain response enveloping waves need to be obtained through calculation), and the other path of the pulse wave signals is sent to an analysis queue of a frequency method (namely Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping waves need to be obtained through calculation).
The embodiment also discloses an electronic device, which comprises a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is stored with a computer program which can be loaded by the processor and can execute any one of the methods.
The electronic equipment can be a blood pressure measuring device such as a multi-parameter monitor and various sphygmomanometers.
The present embodiment also discloses a computer readable storage medium storing a computer program that can be loaded by a processor and execute any of the methods described above.
The computer readable storage medium can be applied to a non-invasive blood pressure measuring module of a blood pressure measuring device such as a monitor.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the processes of the methods of the embodiments described above can be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a computer program, which can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, and when executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments of the methods described above. Any reference to memory, storage, database, or other medium used in the embodiments provided herein may include non-volatile and/or volatile memory, among others. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), Programmable ROM (PROM), Electrically Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can include Random Access Memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms such as Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic RAM (DRAM), Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), Synchronous Link DRAM (SLDRAM), Rambus Direct RAM (RDRAM), direct bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM).
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is not limited by the above embodiments, so: all equivalent variations made according to the methods and principles of the present application should be covered by the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A method of determining a blood pressure envelope, comprising:
detecting a pulse wave signal when the cuff starts to deflate; the pulse wave contained in the pulse wave signal comprises an ascending section and a descending section;
filtering the detected pulse wave signals, and reserving effective pulse waves with rising sections of more than or equal to 50 milliseconds and less than or equal to 250 milliseconds and falling sections of more than or equal to the rising sections;
averaging to obtain an average amplitude value according to a plurality of effective pulse waves obtained by filtering in the same measuring platform;
fitting the average amplitude values of the effective pulse waves of all the measurement platforms to obtain an amplitude time domain response envelope wave;
wherein, in the same measuring platform, averaging is performed according to a plurality of effective pulse waves obtained by filtering to obtain an average amplitude value, and the method comprises the following steps:
each measuring platform stores the amplitude value of the initial position of the ascending section of each pulse wave as the minimum value and the amplitude value corresponding to the highest point of the ascending section as the maximum value according to the effective pulse wave obtained by filtering; wherein, each time when 8-11mmHg is deflated, the time period when the cuff pressure is kept unchanged after the electromagnetic valve is closed is called a measuring platform; each measuring platform filters the detected pulse wave signals, after two effective pulse waves are obtained or one effective pulse wave is not collected for 3 seconds continuously, the pulse waves are discharged to the next measuring platform, and the like are performed until the discharge is finished, so that the effective pulse waves of a plurality of measuring platforms are obtained;
calculating an average amplitude value according to the minimum value and the maximum value of the amplitude of the pulse wave;
and averaging the average amplitude values obtained by each measuring platform, and storing the calculation result into a time domain amplitude envelope array.
2. The method of determining a blood pressure envelope wave of claim 1, wherein: the method further comprises the following steps: sampling effective pulse waves obtained by filtering each measuring platform in unit time, carrying out one-time fast Fourier spectrum transformation on the obtained sampling values, and calculating the total energy of the unit Fourier spectrum by using an output result; if a certain measuring platform has a plurality of unit time, averaging the total energy of the obtained Fourier spectrums of the plurality of units to obtain the total energy of the average Fourier spectrums of the measuring platform; the average unit Fourier spectrum total energy of all the measuring platforms forms a spectrum total energy enveloping wave, namely a Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave, which is used for correcting the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave.
3. The method of determining a blood pressure envelope wave of claim 2, wherein: the fast Fourier spectrum transformation adopts a shared fast Fourier transformation algorithm of an ideogram peninsula body and a fixed coefficient table method to calculate.
4. A method of determining a blood pressure envelope wave according to claim 3, characterized by: determining the fixed coefficient table by:
firstly, determining the number of stages M required to carry out butterfly operation according to the number N of sampling points contained in each period: n =2 M ；
Then, a fixed butterfly coefficient of the FFT ensemble is calculated according to the following formula
Obtaining a fixed coefficient table:
wherein,
；
(ii) a L =1, 2, 3, … M; j is each butterfly operation in each level of butterfly operation, and L represents the butterfly operation of the next level; p represents a calculation factor of the butterfly coefficient.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the modifying the amplitude time domain response envelope using a fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope comprises:
judging the legality of Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping waves and amplitude time domain response enveloping waves;
if the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave is legal and the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave is illegal, comparing the amplitude maximum value position of the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave with the amplitude maximum value position of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave;
if the pressure difference corresponding to the two maximum positions is larger than or equal to 30mmHg, removing the maximum amplitude value of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave, storing the average value of the amplitude sum of the front and rear two measurement platforms adjacent to the platform containing the maximum value to the maximum position, and obtaining the updated amplitude time domain response envelope wave;
judging the validity of the updated amplitude time domain response enveloping wave, if the updated amplitude time domain response enveloping wave is illegal, continuously searching the position of the amplitude maximum value obtained by the updated amplitude time domain response enveloping wave, and comparing the position of the amplitude maximum value with the position of the amplitude maximum value of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave; by analogy, if the legal amplitude time domain response envelope wave is obtained or the legal amplitude time domain response envelope wave is not obtained after repeated for many times, the measurement fails, and the measurement is restarted;
if the pressure difference corresponding to the two maximum value positions is less than 30mmHg, the amplitude maximum value position of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave is expanded to the front end and the rear end, the amplitude value of each continuous three measuring platforms and the amplitude value of the middle measuring platform are the average value of the amplitude values of the front measuring platform and the rear measuring platform, and the two sides of the amplitude value of each measuring platform are kept continuously ascending and descending;
the validity of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave is judged by the following method: if the spectrum energy average value of the measurement platform containing the maximum spectrum energy average value and the adjacent continuous measurement platform is reduced in an echelon from the maximum value position, and the total length of the measurement platform containing the maximum spectrum energy average value and all other measurement platforms is not less than 30mmHg, the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave is legal; judging the validity of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave by the following method: if the average pulse amplitude values of the measuring platform containing the maximum average amplitude and other platforms are reduced in steps from the maximum position, and the total length of the measuring platform containing the maximum average amplitude and all other measuring platforms is not less than 30mmHg, the amplitude time domain response envelope wave is legal.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein the modifying the amplitude time domain response envelope using a fourier amplitude frequency domain response envelope comprises:
judging the legality of Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping waves and amplitude time domain response enveloping waves;
if the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave and the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave are both legal, comparing the amplitude maximum value position of the amplitude time domain response enveloping wave with the amplitude maximum value position of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave;
if the pressure difference corresponding to the two maximum value positions is larger than or equal to 30mmHg, removing the maximum value of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave, storing the average value of the amplitude sum of the front platform and the rear platform adjacent to the platform containing the maximum value to the maximum value position, and obtaining the updated amplitude time domain response envelope wave;
the validity of the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave is judged by the following method: if the frequency spectrum energy average value of the measuring platform containing the maximum frequency spectrum energy average value and the adjacent continuous measuring platform is reduced in an echelon from the maximum value position, and the total length of the measuring platform containing the maximum frequency spectrum energy average value and all other measuring platforms is not less than 30mmHg, the Fourier amplitude frequency domain response enveloping wave is legal; judging the validity of the amplitude time domain response envelope wave by the following method: and if the average pulse amplitude values of the measurement platform containing the maximum average amplitude and other platforms are reduced from the maximum value position in a gradient manner, and the total length of the measurement platform containing the maximum average amplitude and all other measurement platforms is not less than 30mmHg, the amplitude time domain response envelope wave is legal.
7. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory having stored thereon a computer program that can be loaded by the processor and that executes the method according to any of claims 1 to 6.
8. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored which can be loaded by a processor and which executes the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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