CN112911585B - Method for enhancing survivability of wireless sensor network - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a method for enhancing the survivability of a wireless sensor network, which can improve the survivability of the wireless sensor network through route control, network reconstruction and topology evolution. The network reconstruction can improve the heterogeneity of the network by introducing heterogeneous nodes with larger initial energy as relays for data transmission. The heterogeneous nodes are added in the sensor network, and the communication link which is more reliable than the original link is constructed, so that the heterogeneity of the link in the network is improved, and the survivability of the link is improved. The heterogeneous nodes can supplement energy and have longer transmission distance. According to the invention, a heterogeneous node is added in the sensor network, the optimal position of the heterogeneous node is determined through the distance model, and the survivability of the network in response to random attack and selective attack is further analyzed, so that the survivability of the network is greatly improved after the heterogeneous nodes are added.

Description

A method for enhancing the survivability of wireless sensor networks

technical field

The invention relates to the field of wireless sensor networks, in particular to the research on a method for enhancing the invulnerability of wireless sensor networks.

Background technique

Wireless sensor network is a multi-hop distributed network system formed by a large number of micro-sensor nodes through wireless communication. Wireless sensor network technology has also been widely used in many fields. However, the limited computing power, storage capacity, energy and other constraints of nodes have affected the development of wireless sensor networks. In particular, wireless sensor networks are randomly deployed in complex environments and are vulnerable to malicious nodes. Therefore, the design of secure routing protocols has become a research hotspot in wireless sensor networks. There are many researches on the wireless sensor network security routing protocol. Various experts and scholars try to extend the life cycle of the network and improve the security transmission index of the network from various perspectives. Network survivability refers to the ability of a network to maintain or recover its performance to an acceptable level when the network is subjected to selective or random attacks. As an important feature of wireless sensor network, its theoretical significance and application value are increasingly attracting people's attention and attention. How to construct a wireless sensor network topology with good anti-destructive performance has become an important challenge for wireless sensor networks.

By adding heterogeneous nodes in the sensor network, the invention changes its topological structure and increases its invulnerability. Among them, the energy of heterogeneous nodes can be supplemented and has a long transmission distance. The invention adds a heterogeneous node in the sensor network, and determines the optimal position of the heterogeneous node through the distance model, and further analyzes the survivability of the network when dealing with random attacks and selective attacks. , the invulnerability of the network has been greatly improved.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to propose a method for enhancing the survivability of a wireless sensor network, which provides a theoretical basis for improving the survivability of a wireless sensor network, and can be widely used in related fields such as the Internet of Things.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention proposes a method for enhancing the survivability of a wireless sensor network, which specifically includes two basic steps of establishing a sensor network monitoring model and determining the location of heterogeneous nodes.

Step 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the establishing a sensor network monitoring model further includes: performing grid processing on the area to be monitored, and evenly dividing the grid with the density as gs to obtain M grid points. In addition to the locations of existing sensor nodes, all grid points can be used as locations for adding heterogeneous nodes.

Sensor nodes are randomly deployed in the two-dimensional monitoring area, and a sink node is set up. By adding a heterogeneous node, the survivability of the network is improved; communication.

Step 2, in an embodiment of the present invention, the determination of the location of the heterogeneous nodes further includes: a total of N common sensor nodes in the sensor network, N<M, the position coordinates of the N common sensor nodes v _i are (x _{i )} , y _i ), i=1,2,...,N; Assume that the position coordinates of the heterogeneous node h _k to be added are (u _k ,v _k ), k=1,2,...,M; The position coordinates are (x _m , y _m ); the distance from the common node to the sink node is d _i ^s , the distance to the heterogeneous node is d _i ^h , the values of d _i ^s and d _i ^h are calculated, and the sizes are compared If d _i ^s ≥ d _i ^h , the node transmits the data to the heterogeneous node h _k , and then transmits the data to the Sink from h _k , otherwise the data is directly transmitted to the Sink; through the energy consumption analysis of the wireless sensor network, it can be known that, The problem of calculating the optimal _deployment of heterogeneous nodes is equivalent to the problem of finding the minimum value of the sum of distances from all ordinary _nodes to the sink; The sum of the distances between the super link transmitting data to the sink and the direct data transmission to the sink; among them, there are S nodes that do not reach the sink through the hyper link, and H nodes that reach the sink through the hyper link, satisfying H+S=N , when H nodes transmit data to the sink through the hyperlink, assign IDs to the relay nodes in the transmission path, assuming there are l relay nodes, ID=1,2,...,l; the coordinates of the relay nodes are (α _ID , β _ID ), the transmission distance formula is given:

In addition, in the network model with small-world characteristics, a super link is formed between heterogeneous nodes and sinks, and the super link does not consider energy consumption for data transmission. Therefore, when considering the distance and the distance, it is only necessary to consider the arrival of ordinary nodes to heterogeneous the distance of the node;

Similarly, when S nodes directly transmit data to the sink, IDs are assigned to the relay nodes in the transmission path, assuming that there are j relay nodes, ID=1,2,...,j; the coordinates of the relay nodes are ( γ _id , σ _id ), giving the transmission distance formula:

Finally, calculate the total distance d _k that all nodes transmit data to the sink node Sink when the heterogeneous node h _k is at (u _k , v _k ), and give the distance formula of d _k :

There are a total of _M positions in the monitoring area that can be used as the positions of heterogeneous nodes. When heterogeneous nodes at different positions are given, the set D=(d ₁ , d ₂ . ); solve the minimum value of the set D to determine the position of the heterogeneous node.

The survivability of a network can be assessed by analyzing the effectiveness and connectivity of the network when it is subjected to random or selective attacks. The present invention provides the network benefits and connectivity of selective attack and random attack under two conditions of adding a heterogeneous node sensor network randomly and according to the method proposed by the present invention, adding a heterogeneous node sensor network in an optimized position. A comparison is made, as shown in Figures 2 to 5 of the invention. Wherein RSCN represents the situation of adding a heterogeneous node randomly, and IRSCN represents the situation of adding a heterogeneous node sensor network in an optimized position according to the method proposed by the present invention. Figure 2 and Figure 3 are the comparison diagrams of network connectivity in the case of randomness damage and selectivity damage. The network connectivity is defined as the number of surviving nodes in each connected branch of the remaining network when the failed node in the network is removed. The ratio of the sum to the total number of nodes in the network can be seen from the figure that the damage trend of the IRSCN algorithm is significantly slower than that of the RSCN algorithm. Figures 4 and 5 show the comparison of network benefits in the case of random damage and selective damage. It can be seen from the figures that the damage trend of the IRSCN algorithm is also significantly slower than that of the RSCN algorithm. Therefore, the method proposed in the present invention can effectively improve the survivability of the sensor network.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for enhancing invulnerability of a wireless sensor network according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a comparison diagram of the connectivity of a network under the condition of damaged randomness according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a comparison diagram of the connectivity of a network under selective damage according to an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a comparison diagram of network benefits under the condition of randomness damage according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a comparison diagram of network benefits under selective impairment according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The following describes in detail the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar meanings throughout. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

The present invention is aimed at the security of the wireless sensor network, and proposes a method for enhancing the invulnerability of the wireless sensor network.

In order to have a clearer understanding of the present invention, a brief description is given here. The present invention includes two basic steps: step 1, establishing a sensor network monitoring model; and step 2, determining the location of heterogeneous nodes.

Specifically, FIG. 1 shows a flowchart of a method for enhancing the invulnerability of a wireless sensor network according to an embodiment of the present invention, including the following steps:

Step S101, establishing a sensor network monitoring model.

In an embodiment of the present invention, firstly, grid processing is performed on the area to be monitored, and the grid is evenly divided with the density as gs to obtain M grid points. In addition to the locations of existing sensor nodes, all grid points can be used as locations for adding heterogeneous nodes.

Sensor nodes are randomly deployed in the two-dimensional monitoring area, and a sink node is set up. By adding a heterogeneous node, the survivability of the network is improved; communication.

Step S102, the location of the heterogeneous node is determined.

In an embodiment of the present invention, there are N common sensor nodes in the sensor network, N<M, the position coordinates of the N common sensor nodes v _i are (x _i , y _i ), i=1,2,...,N ; Assume that the position coordinates of the heterogeneous node h _k to be added are (u _k , v _k ), k=1,2,...,M; the position coordinates of the sink node Sink are (x _m , y _m ); The distance to the sink node is d _i ^s , the distance to the heterogeneous node is d _i ^h , the values of d _i ^s and d _i ^h are calculated, and the magnitude relationship is compared. If d _i ^s ≥ d _i ^h , the node will The data is transmitted to the heterogeneous node h _k , and then transmitted to the sink by _hk , otherwise the data is directly transmitted to the sink; through the energy consumption analysis of the wireless sensor network, it can be seen that calculating the optimal deployment problem of the heterogeneous nodes is equivalent to finding all the The minimum value problem of the sum of distances from ordinary nodes to sinks; let d _i represent all ordinary nodes v _i in the heterogeneous network, i=1,2,...,N, which transmits data to sinks through hyperlinks and directly transmits data to sinks Distance sum; among them, there are S nodes that do not reach the sink through the hyperlink, and H nodes reach the sink through the hyperlink, satisfying H+S=N, when H nodes transmit data to the sink through the hyperlink When , assign IDs to the relay nodes in the transmission path, assuming that there are l relay nodes, ID=1,2,...,l; the coordinates of the relay nodes are (α _ID , β _ID ), and the transmission distance formula is given:

In addition, in the network model with small-world characteristics, a super link is formed between heterogeneous nodes and sinks, and the super link does not consider energy consumption for data transmission. Therefore, when considering the distance and the distance, it is only necessary to consider the arrival of ordinary nodes to heterogeneous the distance of the node;

Similarly, when S nodes directly transmit data to the sink, IDs are assigned to the relay nodes in the transmission path, assuming that there are j relay nodes, ID=1,2,...,j; the coordinates of the relay nodes are ( γ _id , σ _id ), giving the transmission distance formula:

Finally, calculate the total distance d _k that all nodes transmit data to the sink node Sink when the heterogeneous node h _k is at (u _k , v _k ), and give the distance formula of d _k :

There are a total of _M positions in the monitoring area that can be used as the positions of heterogeneous nodes. When heterogeneous nodes at different positions are given, the set D=(d ₁ , d ₂ . ); solve the minimum value of the set D to determine the position of the heterogeneous node.

The survivability of a network can be assessed by analyzing the effectiveness and connectivity of the network when it is subjected to random or selective attacks. The present invention provides the network benefits and connectivity of selective attack and random attack under two conditions of adding a heterogeneous node sensor network randomly and according to the method proposed by the invention, adding a heterogeneous node sensor network in an optimized position. A comparison is made, as shown in Figures 2 to 5 of the invention. Wherein RSCN represents the situation of adding a heterogeneous node randomly, and IRSCN represents the situation of adding a heterogeneous node sensor network in an optimized position according to the method proposed by the present invention. Figure 2 and Figure 3 are comparison diagrams of network connectivity in the case of randomness damage and selectivity damage. The connectivity of the network is defined as the number of surviving nodes in each connected branch of the remaining network when the failed node in the network is removed. The ratio of the sum to the total number of nodes in the network can be seen from the figure that the damage trend of the IRSCN algorithm is significantly slower than that of the RSCN algorithm. Figures 4 and 5 are comparison charts of network benefits in the case of randomness damage and selective damage. It can be seen from the figures that the damage trend of the IRSCN algorithm is also significantly slower than that of the RSCN algorithm. Therefore, the method proposed in the present invention can effectively improve the survivability of the sensor network.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them. It should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: they can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements to some of the technical features, and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the present invention. The spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the invention, and the scope of the invention are defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (1)

1. A method for enhancing the survivability of a wireless sensor network is characterized in that:

the method comprises the steps that sensor nodes are randomly deployed in a two-dimensional monitoring area, a Sink node is set, and the survivability of a network is improved by adding a heterogeneous node; the heterogeneous nodes have the characteristics of energy supplement and long transmission distance and can directly communicate with the Sink;

carrying out grid division on the two-dimensional monitoring area to obtain M grid points, wherein except the positions of the existing sensor nodes, all the grid points can be used as positions for adding heterogeneous nodes;

the sensor network has N common sensor nodes, N<M, N common sensor nodes v _i The position coordinate is (x) _i ,y _i ) I ═ 1,2, …, N; suppose a heterogeneous node h to be added _k Has a position coordinate of (u) _k ,v _k ) K is 1,2, …, M; the position coordinate of the Sink node Sink is (x) _m ,y _m ) (ii) a The distance from the common node to the sink node is defined as d _i ^s The distance to the heterogeneous node is d _i ^h Calculate d _i ^s And d _i ^h And comparing the magnitude relationship if d _i ^s ≥d _i ^h Then the node transmits the data to a heterogeneous node h _k Then from h _k Transmitting the data to Sink, otherwise, directly transmitting the data to Sink; the optimal deployment problem of the heterogeneous nodes is calculated by analyzing the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network, which is equivalent to the problem of solving the minimum sum of the distances from all common nodes to the Sink; let d _i Representing all common nodes v in a heterogeneous network _i I is 1,2, …, N, the sum of the distances between the transmission of data to Sink via the hyperlink and the direct transmission of data to Sink; when the H nodes transmit data to the Sink through the super link, the H nodes assign IDs to relay nodes in a transmission path, and assume that the I relay nodes exist, and the IDs are 1,2, … and I; the relay node coordinate is (alpha) _ID ，β _ID ) The transmission distance formula is given:

in addition, in a network model with small world characteristics, a super link is formed between the heterogeneous nodes and the Sink, and energy consumption is not considered when the super link carries out data transmission, so that the distance from a common node to the heterogeneous nodes is only considered when the sum of the distances is considered;

similarly, when S nodes directly transmit data to Sink, the relay nodes in the transmission path are given IDs, and j relay nodes are assumed to exist, where the ID is 1,2, …, j; the relay node coordinate is (gamma) _id ，σ _id ) The transmission distance formula is given:

finally, solving the heterogeneous node h _k In (u) _k ,v _k ) Total distance d for all nodes to transmit data to Sink node Sink at position _k Giving d _k The distance formula of (c):

the total M positions in the monitoring area can be used as the positions of the heterogeneous nodes, and when the heterogeneous nodes at different positions are obtained, the set D of the sum of the distances from all the common nodes to Sink is equal to (D) ₁ ，d ₂ …，d _M ) (ii) a And solving the minimum value of the set D to determine the position of the heterogeneous node.

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