CN112911585B - Method for enhancing survivability of wireless sensor network - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for enhancing the survivability of a wireless sensor network, which can improve the survivability of the wireless sensor network through route control, network reconstruction and topology evolution. The network reconstruction can improve the heterogeneity of the network by introducing heterogeneous nodes with larger initial energy as relays for data transmission. The heterogeneous nodes are added in the sensor network, and the communication link which is more reliable than the original link is constructed, so that the heterogeneity of the link in the network is improved, and the survivability of the link is improved. The heterogeneous nodes can supplement energy and have longer transmission distance. According to the invention, a heterogeneous node is added in the sensor network, the optimal position of the heterogeneous node is determined through the distance model, and the survivability of the network in response to random attack and selective attack is further analyzed, so that the survivability of the network is greatly improved after the heterogeneous nodes are added.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of wireless sensor networks, in particular to a research on a method for enhancing survivability of a wireless sensor network.
Background
The wireless sensor network is a multi-hop distributed network system formed by a large number of micro sensor nodes through wireless communication. Wireless sensor network technology has also found widespread use in many areas. However, the development of wireless sensor networks is influenced by the constraints of limited computing power, storage capacity, energy and the like of the nodes. Particularly, the wireless sensor network is randomly deployed in a complex environment and is easily attacked by a malicious node. Therefore, the design of the secure routing protocol becomes a research hotspot of the wireless sensor network. Many researches on the secure routing protocol of the wireless sensor network exist, and various experts and scholars try to prolong the life cycle of the network and improve the secure transmission indexes of the network from multiple angles. Network survivability refers to the ability of a network to maintain or restore its performance to an acceptable level when the network is subject to selective or random attacks. As an important characteristic of a wireless sensor network, the theoretical significance and the application value of the wireless sensor network increasingly attract attention and attention of people. How to construct a wireless sensor network topology with good damage resistance has become an important challenge for wireless sensor networks.
According to the invention, the heterogeneous nodes are added in the sensor network, so that the topological structure of the sensor network is changed, and the survivability of the sensor network is improved. The heterogeneous nodes can supplement energy and have longer transmission distance. According to the invention, a heterogeneous node is added in the sensor network, the optimal position of the heterogeneous node is determined through the distance model, and the survivability of the network in response to random attack and selective attack is further analyzed, so that the survivability of the network is greatly improved after the heterogeneous nodes are added.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for enhancing the survivability of a wireless sensor network, provides a theoretical basis for improving the survivability of the wireless sensor network, and can be widely applied to the related fields of the Internet of things and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for enhancing the survivability of a wireless sensor network, which specifically comprises two basic steps of establishing a sensor network monitoring model and determining the position of a heterogeneous node.
Step one, in an embodiment of the present invention, the establishing a sensor network monitoring model further includes: and gridding the area to be monitored, and uniformly dividing grids by taking the density as gs to obtain M grid points. Besides the positions of the existing sensor nodes, all the grid points can be used as the positions of the added heterogeneous nodes.
The method comprises the steps that sensor nodes are randomly deployed in a two-dimensional monitoring area, a Sink node is set, and the survivability of a network is improved by adding a heterogeneous node; the heterogeneous nodes have the characteristics of energy supplement and long transmission distance and can directly communicate with the Sink.
Step two, in an embodiment of the present invention, the determining of the location of the heterogeneous node further includes: the sensor network has N common sensor nodes, N<M, N common sensor nodes v i The position coordinates are (x) i ,y i ) I ═ 1,2, …, N; suppose a heterogeneous node h to be added k Has a position coordinate of (u) k ,v k ) K is 1,2, …, M; the position coordinate of the Sink node Sink is (x) m ,y m ) (ii) a The distance from the common node to the sink node is defined as d i s The distance to the heterogeneous node is d i h Calculate d i s And d i h And comparing the magnitude relationship if d i s ≥d i h Then the node transmits the data to a heterogeneous node h k Then from h k Transmitting the data to Sink, otherwise, directly transmitting the data to Sink; the optimal deployment problem of the heterogeneous nodes is calculated by analyzing the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network, which is equivalent to the problem of solving the minimum sum of the distances from all common nodes to the Sink; let d i Representing all common nodes v in a heterogeneous network i I is 1,2, …, N, the sum of the distances between the transmission of data to Sink via the hyperlink and the direct transmission of data to Sink; wherein, there are S nodes which do not reach Sink through the super link, there are H nodes which reach Sink through the super link, satisfy H + S ═ N, when H nodes pass through the super link with dataWhen the terminal is transmitted to Sink, the relay nodes in the transmission path are assigned with IDs (1, 2, …, l) on the assumption that there are l relay nodes; the relay node coordinate is (alpha) ID ，β ID ) The transmission distance formula is given:
in addition, in a network model with small world characteristics, a super link is formed between the heterogeneous nodes and the Sink, and energy consumption is not considered when the super link carries out data transmission, so that the distance from a common node to the heterogeneous nodes is only considered when the sum of the distances is considered;
similarly, when S nodes directly transmit data to Sink, the relay nodes in the transmission path are given IDs, and j relay nodes are assumed to exist, where the IDs are 1,2, …, j; the relay node coordinate is (gamma) id ，σ id ) The transmission distance formula is given:
finally, solving the heterogeneous node h k In (u) k ,v k ) Total distance d for all nodes to transmit data to Sink node in position k Giving d k The distance formula of (c):
the total M positions in the monitoring area can be used as the positions of the heterogeneous nodes, and when the heterogeneous nodes at different positions are obtained, the set D of the sum of the distances from all the common nodes to Sink is equal to (D) 1 ，d 2 …，d M ) (ii) a And solving the minimum value of the set D to determine the position of the heterogeneous node.
The survivability of the network can be evaluated by analyzing the benefit and connectivity of the network when the network is subjected to random attack or selective attack. The invention compares the network benefit and connectivity of the selective attack and the random attack under the two conditions that the sensor network of a heterogeneous node is added at an optimized position according to the method provided by the invention, and the sensor network of the heterogeneous node is added at the optimized position, as shown in the attached figures 2-5 of the invention. Wherein, RSCN represents the condition of randomly adding a heterogeneous node, IRSCN represents the condition of adding a sensor network of a heterogeneous node at an optimized position according to the method provided by the invention. Fig. 2 and fig. 3 are comparative diagrams of network connectivity under random damage and selective damage, where the network connectivity is defined as the ratio of the total number of nodes in each connected branch of the remaining network to the total number of nodes in the network when a failed node in the network is removed, and it can be seen from the diagrams that the damage trend of the IRSCN algorithm is significantly reduced compared with the RSCN algorithm. Fig. 4 and fig. 5 are comparative graphs of network benefits under the conditions of random impairment and selective impairment, and it can be seen from the graphs that the IRSCN algorithm is also obviously slowed down relative to the RSCN algorithm impairment trend. Therefore, the method provided by the invention can effectively improve the survivability of the sensor network.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for enhancing survivability of a wireless sensor network according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating connectivity of a network with a loss of randomness according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparison of connectivity of a network under selective impairment according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing network benefits under random impairments in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing network benefits under selective impairment according to embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the like or similar meanings throughout. The following examples are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The invention provides a method for enhancing survivability of a wireless sensor network, which aims at the safety of the wireless sensor network.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, it is briefly described herein. The invention comprises two basic steps: step one, establishing a sensor network monitoring model; and step two, determining the position of the heterogeneous node.
Specifically, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method for enhancing survivability of a wireless sensor network according to an embodiment of the present invention, which includes the following steps:
and step S101, establishing a sensor network monitoring model.
In an embodiment of the present invention, first, a region to be monitored is subjected to gridding processing, and a grid is uniformly divided by using a density of gs, so as to obtain M grid points. Besides the positions of the existing sensor nodes, all the grid points can be used as the positions of the added heterogeneous nodes.
The method comprises the steps that sensor nodes are randomly deployed in a two-dimensional monitoring area, a Sink node is set, and the survivability of a network is improved by adding a heterogeneous node; the heterogeneous nodes have the characteristics of energy supplement and long transmission distance and can directly communicate with the Sink.
And step S102, determining the position of the heterogeneous node.
In one embodiment of the invention, the sensor network has N common sensor nodes, N<M, N common sensor nodes v i The position coordinate is (x) i ,y i ) I ═ 1,2, …, N; suppose a heterogeneous node h to be added k Has a position coordinate of (u) k ,v k ) K is 1,2, …, M; the position coordinate of the Sink node Sink is (x) m ,y m ) (ii) a The distance from the common node to the sink node is defined as d i s The distance to the heterogeneous node is d i h Calculate d i s And d i h And comparing the magnitude relationship if d i s ≥d i h Then the node transmits the data to a heterogeneous node h k Then from h k Transmitting the data to Sink, otherwise, directly transmitting the data to Sink; by energy consumption of wireless sensor networksThe analysis shows that the optimal deployment problem of the heterogeneous nodes is calculated, which is equivalent to the problem of solving the minimum sum of the distances from all common nodes to the Sink; let d i Representing all common nodes v in a heterogeneous network i I is 1,2, …, N, the sum of the distances between the transmission of data to Sink via the hyperlink and the direct transmission of data to Sink; when the H nodes transmit data to the Sink through the super link, the H nodes assign IDs to relay nodes in a transmission path, and assume that the I relay nodes exist, and the IDs are 1,2, … and I; the relay node coordinate is (alpha) ID ，β ID ) The transmission distance formula is given:
in addition, in a network model with small world characteristics, a super link is formed between the heterogeneous nodes and the Sink, and energy consumption is not considered when the super link carries out data transmission, so that the distance from a common node to the heterogeneous nodes is only considered when the sum of the distances is considered;
similarly, when S nodes directly transmit data to Sink, the relay nodes in the transmission path are given IDs, and j relay nodes are assumed to exist, where the IDs are 1,2, …, j; the relay node coordinate is (gamma) id ，σ id ) The transmission distance formula is given:
finally, solving the heterogeneous node h k In (u) k ,v k ) Total distance d for all nodes to transmit data to Sink node Sink at position k Giving d k The distance formula of (c):
the total number of the M monitoring areasThe position can be used as the position of a heterogeneous node, and when heterogeneous nodes at different positions are given, the set D of the sum of the distances from all common nodes to Sink is equal to (D) 1 ，d 2 …，d M ) (ii) a And solving the minimum value of the set D to determine the position of the heterogeneous node.
The survivability of the network can be evaluated by analyzing the benefit and connectivity of the network when the network is subjected to random attack or selective attack. The invention compares the network benefit and connectivity of the selective attack and the random attack under the two conditions that the sensor network of a heterogeneous node is added at an optimized position according to the method provided by the invention, and the sensor network of the heterogeneous node is added at the optimized position, as shown in the attached figures 2-5 of the invention. Wherein, RSCN represents the condition of randomly adding a heterogeneous node, IRSCN represents the condition of adding a sensor network of a heterogeneous node at an optimized position according to the method provided by the invention. Fig. 2 and fig. 3 are comparative diagrams of network connectivity under random damage and selective damage, where the network connectivity is defined as the ratio of the total number of nodes in each connected branch of the remaining network to the total number of nodes in the network when a failed node in the network is removed, and it can be seen from the diagrams that the damage trend of the IRSCN algorithm is significantly reduced compared with the RSCN algorithm. Fig. 4 and fig. 5 are comparative graphs of network benefits under the conditions of random impairment and selective impairment, and it can be seen from the graphs that the IRSCN algorithm is also obviously slowed down relative to the RSCN algorithm impairment trend. Therefore, the method provided by the invention can effectively improve the survivability of the sensor network.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not limited thereto. Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: it is to be understood that modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. A method for enhancing the survivability of a wireless sensor network is characterized in that:
the method comprises the steps that sensor nodes are randomly deployed in a two-dimensional monitoring area, a Sink node is set, and the survivability of a network is improved by adding a heterogeneous node; the heterogeneous nodes have the characteristics of energy supplement and long transmission distance and can directly communicate with the Sink;
carrying out grid division on the two-dimensional monitoring area to obtain M grid points, wherein except the positions of the existing sensor nodes, all the grid points can be used as positions for adding heterogeneous nodes;
the sensor network has N common sensor nodes, N<M, N common sensor nodes v i The position coordinate is (x) i ,y i ) I ═ 1,2, …, N; suppose a heterogeneous node h to be added k Has a position coordinate of (u) k ,v k ) K is 1,2, …, M; the position coordinate of the Sink node Sink is (x) m ,y m ) (ii) a The distance from the common node to the sink node is defined as d i s The distance to the heterogeneous node is d i h Calculate d i s And d i h And comparing the magnitude relationship if d i s ≥d i h Then the node transmits the data to a heterogeneous node h k Then from h k Transmitting the data to Sink, otherwise, directly transmitting the data to Sink; the optimal deployment problem of the heterogeneous nodes is calculated by analyzing the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network, which is equivalent to the problem of solving the minimum sum of the distances from all common nodes to the Sink; let d i Representing all common nodes v in a heterogeneous network i I is 1,2, …, N, the sum of the distances between the transmission of data to Sink via the hyperlink and the direct transmission of data to Sink; when the H nodes transmit data to the Sink through the super link, the H nodes assign IDs to relay nodes in a transmission path, and assume that the I relay nodes exist, and the IDs are 1,2, … and I; the relay node coordinate is (alpha) ID ，β ID ) The transmission distance formula is given:
in addition, in a network model with small world characteristics, a super link is formed between the heterogeneous nodes and the Sink, and energy consumption is not considered when the super link carries out data transmission, so that the distance from a common node to the heterogeneous nodes is only considered when the sum of the distances is considered;
similarly, when S nodes directly transmit data to Sink, the relay nodes in the transmission path are given IDs, and j relay nodes are assumed to exist, where the ID is 1,2, …, j; the relay node coordinate is (gamma) id ，σ id ) The transmission distance formula is given:
finally, solving the heterogeneous node h k In (u) k ,v k ) Total distance d for all nodes to transmit data to Sink node Sink at position k Giving d k The distance formula of (c):
the total M positions in the monitoring area can be used as the positions of the heterogeneous nodes, and when the heterogeneous nodes at different positions are obtained, the set D of the sum of the distances from all the common nodes to Sink is equal to (D) 1 ，d 2 …，d M ) (ii) a And solving the minimum value of the set D to determine the position of the heterogeneous node.
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