CN112910311A - Energy storage capacitor charging circuit for collecting weak vibration energy - Google Patents
Energy storage capacitor charging circuit for collecting weak vibration energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN112910311A CN112910311A CN202110228153.1A CN202110228153A CN112910311A CN 112910311 A CN112910311 A CN 112910311A CN 202110228153 A CN202110228153 A CN 202110228153A CN 112910311 A CN112910311 A CN 112910311A
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- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 86
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02N—ELECTRIC MACHINES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H02N2/00—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction
- H02N2/18—Electric machines in general using piezoelectric effect, electrostriction or magnetostriction producing electrical output from mechanical input, e.g. generators
- H02N2/186—Vibration harvesters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J2207/50—Charging of capacitors, supercapacitors, ultra-capacitors or double layer capacitors
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an energy storage capacitor charging circuit for collecting weak vibration energy, belonging to the technical field of vibration energy collection. The circuit consists of a piezoelectric energy collector, a rectifying circuit, an energy storage capacitor and a charging cut-off control circuit. After the piezoelectric energy collector, the rectifying circuit and the energy storage capacitor are connected in series, the output of the piezoelectric energy collector is connected with a pulse load; the piezoelectric energy collector in the circuit can collect weak vibration energy and charge the energy storage capacitor after rectification of the rectifier circuit, the charging process of the energy storage capacitor is controlled by the charging cut-off control circuit, the charging cut-off voltage of the energy storage capacitor can be adjusted in a self-adaptive mode, and high average charging power is guaranteed. The charging process does not need to pass through a DC-DC converter, so that the energy loss of the DC-DC converter is avoided. The circuit has a simple structure and low power consumption, so that weak vibration energy can be effectively collected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vibration energy collection, and particularly relates to an energy storage capacitor charging circuit for piezoelectric vibration energy collection.
Background
With the development of communication technology and electronic technology, the internet of things plays an increasingly important role in industry and life. However, the power supply problem of the nodes of the internet of things becomes a key for restricting the nodes of the internet of things from obtaining wider application. In this context, light energy, electromagnetic energy, vibrational energy, thermal energy, etc. widely distributed in the environment become potential energy sources. Among them, vibration energy has attracted much attention as one of the energy sources widely distributed.
The piezoelectric energy harvester can convert vibration energy in the environment into electric energy. However, the output of the piezoelectric energy collector is in an alternating current form, the output power is low, and the current is small, so that the piezoelectric energy collector is difficult to be directly used by an internet of things node or a wireless sensing node. Therefore, an energy collecting circuit is needed to collect weak vibration energy to charge energy storage devices such as capacitors and batteries, and then the energy storage devices supply power to the nodes.
Patent CN 104143856B (application No. 201410370596.4) discloses a charging circuit for stored energy using a vibration energy harvester (as shown in fig. 3). In the circuit, the piezoelectric energy collector can charge the storage battery through the charging circuit after passing through the rectifying circuit. The charging circuit is centered on the DC-DC converter, so that energy loss inevitably occurs. The harvesting efficiency of the circuit can be very low, especially when the vibration energy is very weak.
Patent CN 109639179B (application No. 201910061025.5) provides a double-tuned high-efficiency piezoelectric energy harvesting management circuit. In the circuit, a piezoelectric transducer is sequentially connected with a variable frequency switch circuit, a transformer, a rectifying circuit, a matching capacitor, a DC-DC circuit and an energy storage capacitor. The switch control circuit is connected with the DC-DC circuit. Two-stage tuning matching is realized by controlling the duty ratio of the switch; energy also flows through the DC-DC converter before charging the storage capacitor, resulting in a loss of efficiency.
To improve the efficiency of the piezoelectric energy harvesting circuit, the size and power consumption of the circuit is reduced. The invention provides an energy storage capacitor charging circuit which is particularly suitable for collecting weak piezoelectric vibration energy. In the circuit, the vibration energy collector directly charges the energy storage capacitor after rectification without passing through a DC-DC converter. Thus reducing the losses of the energy harvesting circuit itself. The charging and discharging process of the energy storage capacitor is controlled by the self-adaptive charging cut-off control circuit. When the voltage of the energy storage capacitor is charged from zero to the optimal voltage, the control circuit completely releases the energy of the energy storage capacitor and then enters the next charging process. The self-adaptive control circuit can dynamically adjust the voltage of the energy storage capacitor during discharging, so that the collecting circuit can collect higher average power. The energy storage capacitor charging circuit is particularly suitable for collecting weak vibration energy and can be used for supplying power to pulse loads such as wireless sensing nodes.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an energy storage capacitor charging circuit for collecting weak vibration energy, which consists of a piezoelectric energy collector, a rectifying circuit, an energy storage capacitor and a charging cut-off control circuit; the circuit is characterized by comprising a piezoelectric energy collector, a rectifying circuit, an energy storage capacitor and a charging cut-off control circuit. After the piezoelectric energy collector, the rectifying circuit and the energy storage capacitor are connected in series, the output of the piezoelectric energy collector is connected with a pulse load; the 1# voltage comparator is respectively connected with the piezoelectric energy collector and the energy storage capacitor and is connected with the 2# voltage comparator through a low-pass filter circuit; the energy storage capacitor is connected with the 2# voltage comparator through a voltage division filter circuit; the energy storage capacitor is also directly connected with the 2# voltage comparator; the 2# voltage comparator outputs an on/off signal to control the energy storage capacitor to discharge to the pulse load, and the energy storage capacitor supplies energy to the pulse load under the control of the charging cut-off control circuit.
Alternating current output by the piezoelectric energy collector is rectified by the rectifying circuit and then converted into direct current to directly charge the energy storage capacitor without passing through a DC-DC converter, so that the loss of the energy acquisition circuit is reduced; the charging cut-off control circuit controls the charging process; and when the primary charging process is finished, the energy storage capacitor discharges to supply energy to the pulse load.
The charging cut-off control circuit monitors the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor; and when the charging voltage reaches the optimal voltage, outputting a discharging signal, so that the energy stored by the energy storage capacitor is released to supply power for the pulse load, and carrying out the next charging process after the previous charging process is finished.
The rectification circuit is a full-bridge rectification circuit, a half-bridge rectification circuit or a voltage reversal rectification circuit.
The energy storage capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor with large capacity or a super capacitor with small leakage current and is used for storing electric energy.
The charge cut-off control circuit consists of a 1# voltage comparator, a low-pass filter circuit, a voltage division filter circuit and a 2# voltage comparator; the 1# voltage comparator compares the output voltage of the piezoelectric energy collector with the voltage of the energy storage capacitor, the output signal is filtered by the low-pass filter circuit and then input to one input end of the 2# voltage comparator, the voltage division filter circuit divides and filters the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and then input to the other input end of the 2# voltage comparator, and the 2# voltage comparator outputs an on/off signal to control the discharge of the energy storage capacitor to a pulse load; wherein the 1# voltage comparator and the 2# voltage comparator are powered by the energy storage capacitor.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the circuit can collect weak vibration energy to charge the energy storage capacitor, and the charging process does not need to pass through a DC-DC converter, so that the energy loss of the DC-DC converter is avoided. The charging circuit is simplified, and the circuit loss is reduced; the circuit can be used to collect very weak vibrational energy. In addition, a charging cut-off control circuit in the circuit can control the charging cut-off voltage of the energy storage capacitor and realize self-adaptive adjustment, so that higher average charging power in the whole charging process is ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a charging circuit of an energy storage capacitor.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of an energy storage capacitor charging circuit and a control circuit thereof according to the present invention.
Figure 3 is a tank charging circuit employing a vibration energy harvester.
Fig. 4 is a double-tuned high-efficiency piezoelectric energy harvesting management circuit.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an energy storage capacitor charging circuit for collecting weak vibration energy, which is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an energy storage capacitor charging circuit and a control circuit thereof. The circuit consists of a piezoelectric energy collector, a rectifying circuit, an energy storage capacitor and a charging cut-off control circuit; after the piezoelectric energy collector, the rectifying circuit and the energy storage capacitor are connected in series, the output of the piezoelectric energy collector is connected with a pulse load; as shown in fig. 2, the 1# voltage comparator is respectively connected with the piezoelectric energy collector and the energy storage capacitor, and is connected with the 2# voltage comparator through the low-pass filter circuit; the energy storage capacitor is connected with the 2# voltage comparator through a voltage division filter circuit; the energy storage capacitor is also directly connected with the 2# voltage comparator; the 2# voltage comparator outputs an on/off signal to control the energy storage capacitor to discharge to the pulse load, and the energy storage capacitor supplies energy to the pulse load under the control of the charging cut-off control circuit. Further explanation is as follows:
alternating current output by the piezoelectric energy collector is rectified by the rectifying circuit and then converted into direct current to directly charge the energy storage capacitor without passing through a DC-DC converter, so that the loss of the energy acquisition circuit is reduced; the charging cut-off control circuit controls the charging process; and when the charging voltage reaches the optimal voltage, outputting a discharging signal, so that the energy stored by the energy storage capacitor is released to supply power for the pulse load, and carrying out the next charging process after the previous charging process is finished. At the end of the primary charging process.
The rectification circuit is a full-bridge rectification circuit, a half-bridge rectification circuit or a voltage reversal rectification circuit.
The energy storage capacitor is an electrolytic capacitor with large capacity or a super capacitor with small leakage current and is used for storing electric energy.
The charge cut-off control circuit consists of a 1# voltage comparator, a low-pass filter circuit, a voltage division filter circuit and a 2# voltage comparator; the 1# voltage comparator compares the output voltage of the piezoelectric energy collector with the voltage of the energy storage capacitor, the output signal is filtered by the low-pass filter circuit and then input to one input end of the 2# voltage comparator, the voltage division filter circuit divides and filters the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and then input to the other input end of the 2# voltage comparator, and the 2# voltage comparator outputs an on/off signal to control the energy storage capacitorDischarging the pulsed load; wherein the 1# voltage comparator compares the voltage of the piezoelectric energy collector
Voltage of energy storage capacitor
And comparing to output a square wave signal, wherein the duty ratio of the square wave signal shows the relative magnitude of the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor. The square wave signal is subjected to low-pass filtering to obtain a signal reflecting the charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor, the signal is input into one input end of a 2# voltage comparator, and the voltage of the energy storage capacitor is input
The reference voltage is obtained after voltage division and filtering, and the reference voltage is input to the other input end of the 2# voltage comparator to be used as a reference, so that the 2# voltage comparator can output a control signal to control the energy storage voltage to discharge the pulse load; the 1# voltage comparator and the 2# voltage comparator are both powered by the energy storage capacitor. Wherein, the 1# voltage comparator and the 2# voltage comparator are both composed of TLV3691 voltage comparator chips provided by Texas instruments, Inc. of America. The comparator chip has a quiescent current as low as 75nA, and can enable the control circuit to consume only little power. Both voltage comparators are powered by energy storage capacitors. The low-pass filter circuit consists of two stages of RC low-pass filter circuits. The voltage division filter circuit consists of a resistance voltage division circuit and an RC low-pass filter circuit.
Claims (6)
1. An energy storage capacitor charging circuit for collecting weak vibration energy is composed of a piezoelectric energy collector, a rectifying circuit, an energy storage capacitor and a charging cut-off control circuit; the circuit is characterized by comprising a piezoelectric energy collector, a rectifying circuit, an energy storage capacitor and a charging cut-off control circuit;
after the piezoelectric energy collector, the rectifying circuit and the energy storage capacitor are connected in series, the output of the piezoelectric energy collector is connected with a pulse load; the 1# voltage comparator is respectively connected with the piezoelectric energy collector and the energy storage capacitor and is connected with the 2# voltage comparator through a low-pass filter circuit; the energy storage capacitor is connected with the 2# voltage comparator through a voltage division filter circuit; the energy storage capacitor is also directly connected with the 2# voltage comparator; the 2# voltage comparator outputs an on/off signal to control the energy storage capacitor to discharge to the pulse load, and the energy storage capacitor supplies energy to the pulse load under the control of the charging cut-off control circuit.
2. The energy storage capacitor charging circuit for weak vibration energy harvesting of claim 1, wherein the alternating current output by the piezoelectric energy harvester is rectified by the rectifying circuit and then converted into direct current to directly charge the energy storage capacitor without passing through a DC-DC converter, so that the loss of the energy harvesting circuit is reduced; the charging cut-off control circuit controls the charging process; and when the primary charging process is finished, the energy storage capacitor discharges to supply energy to the pulse load.
3. The energy storage capacitor charging circuit for weak vibration energy harvesting of claim 1, wherein the charge cutoff control circuit monitors a charging voltage of the energy storage capacitor; and when the charging voltage reaches the optimal voltage, outputting a discharging signal, so that the energy stored by the energy storage capacitor is released to supply power for the pulse load, and carrying out the next charging process after the previous charging process is finished.
4. The energy storage capacitor charging circuit for weak vibration energy harvesting of claim 1, wherein the rectifying circuit is a full bridge rectifying circuit, a half bridge rectifying circuit or a voltage flipping rectifying circuit.
5. An energy storage capacitor charging circuit for weak vibration energy harvesting according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage capacitor is a large capacity electrolytic capacitor or a small leakage current super capacitor for storing electric energy.
6. The energy storage capacitor charging circuit for weak vibration energy harvesting of claim 1, wherein the charge cut-off control circuit is composed of a # 1 voltage comparator, a low pass filter circuit, a voltage dividing filter circuit and a # 2 voltage comparator; the 1# voltage comparator compares the output voltage of the piezoelectric energy collector with the voltage of the energy storage capacitor, the output signal is filtered by the low-pass filter circuit and then input to one input end of the 2# voltage comparator, the voltage division filter circuit divides and filters the voltage of the energy storage capacitor and then input to the other input end of the 2# voltage comparator, and the 2# voltage comparator outputs an on/off signal to control the discharge of the energy storage capacitor to a pulse load; wherein the 1# voltage comparator and the 2# voltage comparator are powered by the energy storage capacitor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110228153.1A CN112910311B (en) | 2021-03-02 | 2021-03-02 | Energy storage capacitor charging circuit for collecting weak vibration energy |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110228153.1A CN112910311B (en) | 2021-03-02 | 2021-03-02 | Energy storage capacitor charging circuit for collecting weak vibration energy |
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| CN112910311A true CN112910311A (en) | 2021-06-04 |
| CN112910311B CN112910311B (en) | 2022-04-29 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102170247A (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2011-08-31 | 中北大学 | Energy acquisition circuit of micro-power device driven by piezoelectricity-magnetoelectricity combined vibration |
| CN106301072A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-01-04 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of piezoelectric energy collection system and control method thereof |
| CN106558907A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of terminal charging device and terminal |
| CN107508490A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-12-22 | 中山大学 | A kind of piezoelectric vibration energy extracts circuit |
| US20190081559A1 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2019-03-14 | Cambridge Enterprise Limited | Energy Harvesting Systems and Methods |
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2021
- 2021-03-02 CN CN202110228153.1A patent/CN112910311B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102170247A (en) * | 2011-04-25 | 2011-08-31 | 中北大学 | Energy acquisition circuit of micro-power device driven by piezoelectricity-magnetoelectricity combined vibration |
| CN106558907A (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-04-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of terminal charging device and terminal |
| US20190081559A1 (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2019-03-14 | Cambridge Enterprise Limited | Energy Harvesting Systems and Methods |
| CN106301072A (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2017-01-04 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of piezoelectric energy collection system and control method thereof |
| CN107508490A (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2017-12-22 | 中山大学 | A kind of piezoelectric vibration energy extracts circuit |
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| CN112910311B (en) | 2022-04-29 |
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