CN112909513B

CN112909513B - Dual-polarized waveguide slot array antenna on annular disc and combined antenna

Info

Publication number: CN112909513B
Application number: CN202110172014.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王宗新; 曹振新
Original assignee: Nanjing Buwei Communication Equipment Co ltd
Current assignee: Nanjing Buwei Communication Equipment Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-02-08
Filing date: 2021-02-08
Publication date: 2022-08-02
Anticipated expiration: 2041-02-08
Also published as: CN112909513A

Abstract

The invention discloses a dual-polarization waveguide slot array antenna and a combined antenna on an annular disc, wherein the antenna comprises a dual-polarization radiation waveguide slot array panel, a radiation waveguide cavity array, a single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity, a single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity, a horizontal polarization beam forming network cavity and a vertical polarization beam forming network cavity; the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity is communicated with the horizontal polarization beam forming network cavity; the single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity is communicated with the vertical polarization beam forming network cavity; the dual-polarized radiation waveguide slot array panel, the radiation waveguide cavity array, the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity and the single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity of the annular antenna are divided into 4 regions located in 4 quadrants, and the 4 regions are symmetrical about an X axis and a Y axis. The antenna of the invention can not only improve the gain of the sum beam, but also reduce the side lobe of the sum beam and keep the low side lobe characteristic of the poor beam.

Description

Dual-polarized waveguide slot array antenna on annular disc and combined antenna

Technical Field

The invention relates to a large-scale dual-polarization waveguide slot array antenna assembly manufactured on an annular metal disc, which can be used for a single-pulse radar system.

Background

The waveguide slot array antenna has the advantages of small size, light weight, low feed loss, high radiation efficiency, large power capacity, high reliability and the like, is rapidly developed after the second time of war, has good application in the fields of ground, weather, airborne, carrier-borne, missile-borne and the like, and is almost the only choice in microwave communication and radar systems which need narrow beams or shaped beams. In addition, the feeding system and the radiation system of the waveguide slot array antenna are integrated into a plate-shaped structure, the profile of the antenna is small in side and is only a fraction of that of a corresponding reflector antenna, so that the antenna can be conveniently rotated and can be conformal with an aircraft carrier, and the characteristic of light weight makes the antenna become a preferred form on an airborne radar.

The radiation performance of the slot on the rectangular waveguide wall (see fig. 1) is closely related to the current mode of the TE10 mode on the rectangular waveguide wall (see fig. 2). When the slit cuts off the current, the slit has a stronger radiation, whereas the radiation is weaker. The radiation characteristics of the various slots can be judged by comparing the slots in fig. 1 with the current patterns in fig. 2. In fig. 1, the slot 91 at the wide side of the waveguide and the slot 92 at the narrow side of the waveguide are both long and parallel to the current flow direction, and have a limited effect of cutting off the current, so that if the width of the slot is small (as is usual), there is substantially no radiation. The radiation is strong because the

slots

93 and 94, which are located on the wide side and the narrow side, respectively, and both effectively cut off the current on the waveguide wall, but because the slots usually have only length and width, the freedom of impedance matching adjustment is low and the difficulty is high. The slot 95 on the wide side can also effectively cut off the current on the waveguide wall, and the cutting effect changes along with the distance of the slot from the longitudinal center line of the wide side of the waveguide, so that the slot can obtain good impedance matching effect by adjusting the length of the slot, the width of the slot and the offset of the longitudinal center line. The slot 96 at the narrow side of the waveguide and the slot 97 at the wide side of the waveguide can also effectively cut off the current, and the cutting effect can be adjusted by the rotation angle theta, so that the slot can realize impedance matching by adjusting two parameters of the slot length, the slot width and the rotation angle. From the above analysis, the

slit types

95 and 96 have an advantage in impedance matching adjustment, which is to obtain the most applied radiation slit type. FIG. 3 is a single waveguide wide-edge longitudinal slot array, the distance between adjacent slots is equal to half of the waveguide wavelength 0.5 lambda _g And are distributed on two sides of the longitudinal center line of the waveguide for ensuring the same phase of the electromagnetic wave of each gap. FIG. 4 is a narrow-edge inclined slot array of a single waveguide, and the distance between adjacent slots is also equal to half of the waveguide wavelength of 0.5 lambda _g And the direction of rotation is exactly opposite for each slotThe electromagnetic waves of the slots are in the same phase. The two slot arrays of fig. 3 and 4 are two waveguide slot array forms that are most applied, and in the case of horizontal placement in the drawing, are used to achieve vertical polarization and horizontal polarization, respectively, whereas if vertical placement is used, horizontal polarization and vertical polarization, respectively, can be achieved.

For a waveguide slot array with a simple structure, for example, a metal plate for manufacturing the slot array has at least two adjacent sides perpendicular to each other, see fig. 5, then at least one end of the radiation waveguide 101 may be aligned, the feed waveguide 102 located below the radiation waveguide 101 is usually used to feed the radiation waveguide 101 in a series feeding manner, a coupling slot 103 is arranged on a common wall of the radiation waveguide 101 and the feed waveguide 102, the feed waveguide 102 feeds electromagnetic waves into the radiation waveguide 101 through the coupling slot 103, and then radiates out through the radiation slot 104 on the upper surface of the radiation waveguide 101, thereby implementing the function of the antenna. The total electromagnetic wave power is fed to the feed waveguide 102 through an input waveguide 105 arranged below the feed waveguide via an input slot 106, the input slot 106 being located on the common wall of the input waveguide 105 and the feed waveguide 102. For the waveguide slot array which is regularly arranged, it is also convenient to adopt parallel feed, as shown in fig. 6, the slot array antenna in the figure includes two layers of cavities, i.e., a parallel feed network cavity 131 and a radiation slot array cavity 132, electromagnetic waves are fed from an input end 133 of the parallel feed network cavity 131 and transmitted to each power division end 134 of the parallel feed network cavity 131, and then the electromagnetic waves enter the radiation slot array cavity 132 through a coupling slot 135 on a common wall of the power division end 134 and the radiation slot array cavity 132, and finally are radiated out through a radiation slot 136 on the upper surface of the radiation slot array cavity 132. Due to the structural symmetry, the path lengths from the input end 133 of the parallel feeding network 131 to the respective power dividing ends 134 are equal, so that the phases of the electromagnetic waves fed from the input end 133 to the respective power dividing ends 134 can be kept in phase. The series feeding and the parallel feeding have respective advantages and disadvantages, the series feeding has a simple structure but a narrow bandwidth, the parallel feeding has a complex structure but a wide bandwidth, and corresponding selection is made according to index requirements of different systems.

With the progress of electronic science and technology, the military field enters the information war age, and electronic countermeasure becomes a second invisible and untouchable battlefield. Electronic warfare, which is a countermeasure developed by both adversaries around the control right of the electromagnetic spectrum, is also conventionally called electronic warfare, and is one of the most active fields in the information age. Electronic countermeasures include electronic countermeasures scouting, electronic attack, and electronic defense. Electronic combat objects are primarily those for military electronic information equipment that use the electromagnetic spectrum to acquire, transmit and utilize information, including radar, communications, navigation, guided munitions, and the like. The development of modern electronic countermeasure technology has caused weapon systems in modern war to face various complex and harsh electromagnetic environments. The polarization agility technology is an important technology in electronic countermeasure technology and is a powerful weapon for dealing with electromagnetic interference. In order to increase the capacity of communication channels, antennas are required to operate in dual polarization, not only in the field of electronic countermeasure, but also in communication systems.

In some cases, such as in dual mode guidance systems, the central region of the circular aperture may be occupied by an infrared or optical sensor, leaving a circular disc region for the microwave or millimeter wave antenna. For a large waveguide slot array antenna fabricated on a ring-shaped disc, the antenna cannot be excited by a series feed structure. Firstly, the bandwidth of the waveguide slot array antenna fed in series is related to the number of slots, and the more the slots are, the narrower the bandwidth is, so that the working bandwidth of the antenna is extremely narrow due to the series feeding for a large slot array, and the bandwidth index is difficult to ensure; furthermore, with the ring structure, the ends of the radiating waveguides are arranged along a circumferential line, which makes it difficult to feed them in series with a straight waveguide, whereas feeding with a bent waveguide makes it substantially impossible to maintain the radiating waveguides in phase. The waveguide slot array antenna manufactured on the annular disc cannot feed by using a parallel network with a symmetrical structure due to the annular characteristic of the structure, and meanwhile, in order to reduce the section of the overall structure of the antenna, the feed network is preferably designed to be a single-layer structure, namely all devices of the whole feed network are arranged in the same flat layer, so that the design of the annular large-scale waveguide slot array antenna is very difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a large dual-polarization waveguide slot array antenna manufactured on an annular metal disc, which can be used for a single-pulse radar system.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a dual polarized waveguide slot array antenna comprising: the dual-polarization feed waveguide network cavity comprises a dual-polarization radiation waveguide slot array panel, a radiation waveguide cavity array, a single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity, a single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity, a horizontal polarization beam forming network cavity and a vertical polarization beam forming network cavity; the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity is communicated with the horizontal polarization beam forming network cavity; the single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity is communicated with the vertical polarization beam forming network cavity; the dual-polarization feed antenna is characterized in that a dual-polarization radiation waveguide slot array panel, a radiation waveguide cavity array, a single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity and a single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity of the annular antenna are divided into 4 regions located in 4 quadrants, and the 4 regions are symmetrical about an X axis and a Y axis.

The radiation waveguide slot array panel of each area is divided into 5 subareas including I, II, III, IV and V, the 5 subareas are arranged according to 3 rows and 2 columns, the first row and the first column are subareas I, the first row and the second row are subareas V, the second row and the first column are subareas II, the second row and the second row are subareas IV, and the third row and the second row are subareas III; each subarea consists of a plurality of rows of waveguide wide-edge longitudinal slot linear arrays and waveguide narrow-edge oblique slot arrays, and the waveguide wide-edge longitudinal slot linear arrays and the waveguide narrow-edge oblique slot arrays are sequentially arranged according to the ABAB … rule; where partition V is a dummy partition used to reduce the boundary truncation effect of partition I and partition IV.

The radiation waveguide cavity array is positioned below the radiation waveguide slot array panel; the radiation waveguide cavity array consists of ridge waveguide cavity units and rectangular waveguide cavity units; the waveguide wide-edge longitudinal slot linear arrays and the waveguide narrow-edge oblique slot arrays of the partitions I to IV are respectively in one-to-one correspondence with the wide edges of ridge waveguide cavity units and the narrow edges of rectangular waveguide cavity units of the radiation waveguide cavity array; each ridge waveguide cavity unit comprises a short-circuit end and an external connection port, and the rectangular waveguide cavity unit comprises a short-circuit end and an external connection port.

The ridge waveguide cavity unit of the radiation waveguide cavity array is connected with the input port of the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity through an external connection port; and the rectangular waveguide cavity unit of the radiation waveguide cavity array is connected with the input port of the single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity through an external connection port.

The ridge waveguide cavity unit is connected with the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity through a horizontal polarization radiation-feed connection waveguide elbow; the rectangular waveguide cavity unit is connected with the single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity through a vertical polarization radiation-feed connection waveguide network.

The horizontally polarized radiation-fed connecting waveguide bend includes a matching step for reducing the reflection coefficient.

The single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity is positioned below the radiation waveguide cavity array, and the horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity of each area comprises: 11 compact one-to-four equal ratio power dividers, 7 one-to-two equal ratio power dividers, one 2: 1, an unequal ratio power divider, 4: 3, an unequal power divider, 7: 4 unequal power dividers, 12 right-angle matched 90-degree waveguide elbows, 5 circular arc matched waveguide elbows, two obtuse-angle matched waveguide bends, one E-surface 90-degree waveguide elbow, an external connection port and a waveguide connection line.

The compact one-to-four equal ratio power divider adopts multistage step matching for reducing the volume.

The horizontally polarized beam forming network cavity comprises 4 quasi-planar magic Tees, 8H-surface right-angle waveguide elbows, 4 non-standard E-surface waveguide elbows, 4E-surface waveguide conversion elbows from non-standard waveguides to standard waveguides, 4 external connection ports, a sum beam port, a azimuth difference port, a pitch difference port and an idle port; the quasi-plane magic Tee comprises a two-layer structure, wherein the lower layer is an H-plane Tee junction and is provided with a first port, a second port and a third port, the upper layer is a waveguide with one short circuit end and is provided with a fourth port, the upper layer and the lower layer are connected through a coupling hole in a common wall, a matching block and two matching steps are arranged on the H-plane Tee junction of the lower layer and are used for ensuring standing waves of the first port, the second port, the third port and the fourth port, and when the first port and the second port feed, the third port and the fourth port can equally divide input power.

Compared with the prior art, the antenna has the advantages that:

the monopulse radar antenna system has a contradiction between the sum and the difference, when the excitation amplitude of the array antenna is in Gaussian distribution (the central intensity is large, the edge is gradually reduced) along the caliber, the sum beam side lobe is good, but the difference beam side lobe is slightly poor; when the excitation amplitude of the array antenna is distributed along the caliber in a saddle shape, the sum beam side lobe becomes worse, and the difference beam side lobe becomes better. The annular slot array of the present invention has a hollow center, so that the electromagnetic wave amplitude distribution of the array elements is approximately saddle-shaped, and thus the difference beam side lobe is good, but the difference beam side lobe is slightly poor. If a small waveguide slot array is arranged at the round hole at the center, the electromagnetic waves received by the small array surface are combined with the sum wave beam in the graph 17 after being combined into one path to obtain a new sum wave beam, thus for the sum wave beam, because the waveguide slot array is supplemented at the center, the amplitude distribution of the electromagnetic waves of the array surface is approximately Gaussian distribution, the gain of the sum wave beam can be improved, and the side lobe of the sum wave beam can be reduced. For the difference beam, the low side lobe characteristic of the difference beam can still be maintained because the slot array added in the center of the disc is not connected with the port of the difference beam.

In addition, an infrared or optical sensor lens is arranged at a round hole in the center of the annular disc, and the formed combined antenna can simultaneously have the detection capability of microwave (millimeter wave) and infrared or optical frequency bands, so that the anti-interference capability and the guidance precision of the radar are enhanced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 various slots on the waveguide;

FIG. 2 current modes on the waveguide wall;

FIG. 3 shows a single waveguide broadside longitudinal slot array;

FIG. 4 is a narrow-side oblique slot array of a single waveguide;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a series feed of a regular waveguide slot array;

FIG. 6 shows a parallel feed of a regular waveguide slot array;

fig. 7 is a front view of an annular dual-polarized waveguide slot array according to the present invention;

fig. 8 is a side rear view of an annular dual-polarized waveguide slot array according to the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic view of a layered structure of an annular dual-polarized waveguide slot array according to the present invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a quarter structure of a ring-shaped dual-polarization waveguide slot array panel according to the present invention;

fig. 11 is a detailed view of slots in an annular dual-polarization waveguide slot array according to the present invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of a cavity of a horizontally polarized monoplane feed waveguide network of an annular dual-polarized waveguide slot array according to the present invention;

fig. 13 is a port phase distribution curve of a horizontally polarized single plane feed waveguide network of the annular dual-polarized waveguide slot array proposed by the present invention;

fig. 14 is a port power distribution curve of a horizontally polarized single plane feed waveguide network of the annular dual-polarized waveguide slot array proposed by the present invention;

fig. 15 is a schematic view of a horizontally polarized radiation-feed connection waveguide elbow of the annular dual-polarized waveguide slot array proposed by the present invention;

fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a horizontal polarization beam forming network cavity of the annular dual-polarization waveguide slot array according to the present invention;

fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of a quasi-planar magic Tee structure of the annular dual-polarized waveguide slot array according to the present invention;

fig. 18 is a schematic diagram of a butt-joint relationship between a horizontally polarized feed waveguide network cavity and a horizontally polarized beam forming network cavity in the annular dual-polarized waveguide slot array according to the present invention;

fig. 19 is a schematic diagram illustrating a connection relationship between a vertically polarized radiation-feed connection waveguide network in an annular dual-polarized waveguide slot array and a rectangular waveguide cavity in a radiation waveguide cavity array according to the present invention;

fig. 20 is a schematic structural diagram of a vertically polarized radiation-fed connected waveguide network in an annular dual-polarized waveguide slot array according to the present invention;

fig. 21 is a scattering coefficient curve of a vertically polarized radiation-fed waveguide network in the annular dual-polarized waveguide slot array proposed by the present invention;

fig. 22 is a schematic diagram of a connection relationship between a single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity and a vertical polarization beam forming network cavity in the annular dual-polarized waveguide slot array proposed by the present invention;

fig. 23 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further described with reference to the following embodiments.

Referring to fig. 7, 8 and 9, the dual-polarized waveguide slot array antenna of the present invention is a multi-layer structure, and includes a dual-polarized radiation waveguide slot array panel 1, a radiation waveguide cavity array 2, a single-layer horizontally-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 3, a single-layer vertically-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 4, a horizontally-polarized radiation-feed connecting waveguide elbow 5, a vertically-polarized radiation-feed connecting waveguide network 6, a horizontally-polarized beam forming network cavity 7, and a vertically-polarized beam forming network cavity 8, wherein for the sake of clarity, the radiation waveguide cavity array 2, the single-layer horizontally-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 3, the single-layer vertically-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 4, the horizontally-polarized radiation-feed connecting waveguide elbow 5, the vertically-polarized radiation-feed waveguide network 6, the horizontally-polarized beam forming network cavity 7, and the vertically-polarized beam forming network cavity 8 only have cavity outlines, in fact these structures are air cavities made in the metal block. The dual-polarized radiation waveguide slot array panel 1, the radiation waveguide cavity array 2, the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity 3, the single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity 4, the horizontal polarization radiation-feed connection waveguide elbow 5 and the vertical polarization radiation-feed connection waveguide network 6 of the loop antenna can be divided into 4 symmetrical areas which are positioned in 4 quadrants, and is symmetric about the X-axis and the Y-axis, only the horizontally polarized beam forming network cavity 7 and the vertically polarized beam forming network cavity 8 are asymmetric, the following description of the dual-polarized radiation waveguide slot array panel 1, the radiation waveguide cavity array 2, the single-layer horizontally-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 3, the single-layer vertically-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 4, the horizontally-polarized radiation-feed connecting waveguide elbow 5, and the vertically-polarized radiation-feed connecting waveguide network 6 is mainly expanded by a quarter portion of their respective structures. As mentioned above, when the number of slots of a waveguide is too large, the bandwidth will be narrowed, so the large ring array in the present invention will divide the front into zones, and each zone will use a waveguide array with a moderate length to ensure the bandwidth. As shown by a dotted line frame in fig. 10, the radiation waveguide slot array panel 1 is divided into 5 partitions, I, II, III, IV and V, each partition is composed of a plurality of rows of waveguide wide-side longitudinal slot linear arrays 11 and waveguide narrow-side oblique slot arrays 12, and the waveguide wide-side longitudinal slot linear arrays 11 and the waveguide narrow-side oblique slot arrays 12 are sequentially arranged in the direction according to an ABAB … rule. The partition V is a dummy partition, the cavity below the partition V is not a real waveguide, namely the partition V does not radiate and receive electromagnetic waves, and the partition V has the function of reducing the boundary truncation effect of the partition I and the partition IV, the waveguide wide-side longitudinal slot linear arrays 11 and the waveguide narrow-side oblique slot arrays 12 of the partitions I to IV respectively correspond to the wide sides of the ridge waveguide cavity units 21 and the narrow sides of the rectangular waveguide cavity units 22 of the radiation waveguide cavity array 2 one by one, the radiation waveguide cavity array 2 is positioned below the radiation waveguide slot array panel 1 and is represented by dotted lines, and fig. 11 are enlarged views of a region II in fig. 10; each ridge waveguide cavity unit 21 includes a short-circuit end 211 and an external connection port 212, and the rectangular waveguide cavity unit 22 includes a short-circuit end 221 and an external connection port 222.

The single-layer horizontally-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 3 is positioned below the radiation waveguide cavity array 2, and the quarter structure of the single-layer horizontally-polarized feed waveguide network cavity is shown in fig. 12, wherein all the dashed boxes are not structural bodies and are used for indicating devices in the dashed boxes. The quarter structure of the single-layer horizontally polarized feed waveguide network cavity 3 comprises: 11 compact one-to-four equal ratio power dividers 31, 7 one-to-two equal ratio power dividers 32, one 2: 1, an unequal ratio power divider 33, a 4: 3, an unequal power divider 34, a 7: 4 unequal power splitters 35, 12 right-angle matched 90-degree waveguide bends 36, 5 circular arc matched waveguide bends 37, two obtuse-angle matched waveguide bends 38, one E-face 90-degree waveguide bend 39, external connection ports 310 and a certain number of waveguide connection lines 311; the compact one-to-four equal-ratio power divider 31 has a very small volume, and only in this way, a space can be reserved for the unequal-ratio power divider 35, the waveguide connecting line 311 and other devices, so that the single-layer horizontally-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 3 is realized, that is, all the devices of the single-layer horizontally-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 3 can be arranged in one plane; because the compact one-to-four equal-ratio power divider 31 has extremely small volume, in order to ensure the performance, multi-stage step matching is adopted; the simulation results of the port phase distribution curve and the power distribution curve of a designed single-layer horizontally-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 3 are respectively shown in fig. 13 and fig. 14, since the two figures contain up to 44 ports, the other 6 ports are randomly selected to give results except for the main port 310, as can be seen from fig. 13, the phase of each sub-port is substantially in-phase distribution in the full frequency band, while as can be seen from fig. 14, each sub-port is divided into about 1/44 power of-16.43 dB, and the reflection coefficient S11 of the main port is below-22 dB. All ridge waveguide cavity units 21 of the radiation waveguide cavity array 2 are connected with the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity 3 through 44 horizontal polarization radiation-feed connecting waveguide elbows 5, as shown in fig. 15, a matching step 51 is included in the horizontal polarization radiation-feed connecting waveguide elbow 5 and used for reducing the reflection coefficient, and the smoothness of electromagnetic wave signal transmission is ensured. The horizontally polarized beam forming network cavity 7 is shown in fig. 16 and comprises 4 quasi-planar magic Tee71, 8H-plane rectangular waveguide bends 72, 4 non-standard E-plane waveguide bends 73, 4 non-standard waveguide to standard waveguide E-plane waveguide transition bends 74, 4 external connection ports 75, a sum beam port 76, an azimuth difference port 77, a pitch difference port 78, and a spare port 79. The quasi-planar magic Tee71 is constructed as shown in fig. 17, and comprises a two-layer structure, the lower layer being an H-plane Tee junction 711 having a first port 7111, a second port 7112 and a third port 7113, and the upper layer being a short-circuited waveguide 712 having a fourth port 7121. The upper layer and the lower layer are connected through a coupling hole 713 on the common wall, a matching square 7114 and two matching steps 7115 are arranged on the H-face Tee junction 711 of the lower layer and used for ensuring standing waves of the first port 7111, the second port 7112, the third port 7113 and the fourth port 7121, and when the first port 7111 and the second port 7112 feed power, the third port 7113 and the fourth port 7121 can equally divide input power.

The single-layer horizontally-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 3 is butted with the external connection port 75 of the horizontally-polarized beam forming network cavity 7 through the external connection port 310, so that the two cavities are communicated with each other, as shown in fig. 18.

The working principle of the horizontally polarized waveguide slot array is as follows: first, a quarter structure of an antenna is taken as an example to illustrate that the antenna works in a receiving state, radar echoes enter a waveguide wide-side longitudinal slot linear array 11 of a waveguide slot array 1, enter each ridge waveguide cavity unit 21 of 44 radiation waveguide arrays 2 through slot coupling, then are transmitted to 44 external interfaces 212, then pass through a single-layer horizontally-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 3 of a horizontally-polarized radiation-feed connecting waveguide elbow 5, are synthesized into one path of electromagnetic wave signals under the action of the single-layer horizontally-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 3, and then are transmitted to an external interface 310 of the single-layer horizontally-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 3. The following describes how the four partitioned horizontally polarized slot arrays form single pulses and difference beams via the horizontally polarized beam forming network cavity 7. Referring to fig. 18, four external interfaces 310 of the single-layer horizontally-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 3 are respectively butted with four external ports 751, 752, 753, and 754 of the horizontally-polarized beam forming network cavity 7, electromagnetic wave signals received by the horizontally-polarized slot arrays located in four quadrants finally enter the horizontally-polarized beam forming network cavity 7, the electromagnetic wave signals entering from the external ports 751 and 754 are connected to a first quasi-planar magic Tee71, and are processed by a first quasi-planar magic Tee71 to generate a sum signal Σ 1 and a difference signal Δ 1; electromagnetic wave signals entering from the external ports 752 and 753 are connected to the second quasi-planar magic Tee71 and are processed by the second quasi-planar magic Tee71 to generate a sum signal sigma 2 and a difference signal delta 2; the sum signal sigma 1 and the sum signal sigma 2 enter a third quasi-planar magic Tee71 and are processed by a third quasi-planar magic Tee71 to obtain a final horizontally polarized sum beam 761 and a final horizontally polarized azimuth difference beam 771; the difference signal delta 1 and the difference signal delta 2 enter a fourth quasi-planar magic Tee71, and are processed by a fourth quasi-planar magic Tee71 to obtain a final horizontally polarized elevation difference beam 781 and a horizontally polarized idle port beam 791.

The single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity 4 is located at the next layer of the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity 3, and it should be noted that the structure of the single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity 4 is the same as the main structure of the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity 3, that is, the single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity 4 is obtained by removing 11 compact one-to-four equal-ratio power dividers 31 of the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity 3, so that the structure thereof is not described herein. All rectangular waveguide cavity elements 22 in the radiating waveguide cavity array 2 are connected together with a single-layer vertically-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 4 by a vertically-polarized radiation-fed connecting waveguide network 6, see fig. 19, in which the vertically-polarized radiation-fed connecting waveguide network 6 is broken away for clarity. The vertically polarized radiation-feed connection waveguide network 6 is a very compact waveguide connection network, and includes two small-sized integrated E-plane power splitters + vertical connection waveguide assemblies 61 and an H-plane power splitter 62, and the small-sized integrated E-plane power splitters + vertical connection waveguide assemblies 61 realize the integrated integration of the power splitter 611, two E-plane waveguide elbows 612 and one E-plane waveguide elbow 613 in a very small volume. In order to ensure the scattering coefficient index, a plurality of matching structures such as wedge matching 631, right angle matching 632, oblique angle matching 633 and step matching 634 are adopted, as shown in fig. 20, the scattering coefficient of a designed vertically polarized radiation-fed connecting waveguide network 6 is shown in fig. 21, and it can be seen that the incident power of the port 641 is uniformly distributed to the

ports

642, 643, 644 and 645. The connection relationship between the single-layer vertically-polarized feed waveguide network cavity 4 and the vertically-polarized beam forming network cavity 8 is shown in fig. 22, and the principle of generating single pulse and difference beams is the same as that of the beam forming network of the horizontally-polarized slot array, so that a vertically-polarized sum beam 762, a vertically-polarized azimuth difference beam 772, a vertically-polarized difference-in-elevation beam 782, and a vertically-polarized idle port beam 792 can be finally obtained, which is not repeated here.

The antenna of the embodiment is used for realizing dual-mode guidance. As shown in fig. 23, an infrared or optical sensor lens 1011 is disposed at a circular hole in the center of the annular disk, a microwave/millimeter wave vertically polarized beam port 1021, a microwave/millimeter wave horizontally polarized beam port 1031, and an infrared or optical beam port 1041 are disposed below the antenna, and the formed combined antenna can have the detection capability of microwave (millimeter wave) dual polarization and infrared (or optical) frequency band at the same time. The microwave (millimeter wave) dual-polarized antenna can enhance the detection precision and the anti-interference capability of the radar, and the microwave/infrared dual-mode system further improves the anti-interference capability and the guidance precision.

Claims

1. A dual polarized waveguide slot array antenna on an annular disk, comprising: the dual-polarization feed antenna comprises a dual-polarization radiation waveguide slot array panel (1), a radiation waveguide cavity array (2), a single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity (3), a single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity (4), a horizontal polarization beam forming network cavity (7) and a vertical polarization beam forming network cavity (8); the radiation waveguide cavity array (2) is positioned below the radiation waveguide slot array panel (1); the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity (3) is positioned below the radiation waveguide cavity array (2); the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity (3) is communicated with the horizontal polarization beam forming network cavity (7); the single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity (4) is communicated with the vertical polarization beam forming network cavity (8); the dual-polarization radiation waveguide slot array panel is characterized in that the dual-polarization radiation waveguide slot array panel (1), the radiation waveguide cavity array (2), the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity (3) and the single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity (4) are divided into 4 regions located in 4 quadrants, and the 4 regions are symmetrical about an X axis and a Y axis; the radiation waveguide slot array panel (1) of each area is divided into 5 subareas including I, II, III, IV and V, the 5 subareas are arranged according to 3 rows and 2 columns, the first row and the first column are subareas I, the first row and the second row are subareas V, the second row and the first column are subareas II, the second row and the second column are subareas IV, and the third row and the second column are subareas III; each subarea consists of a plurality of rows of waveguide wide-edge longitudinal slot linear arrays (11) and waveguide narrow-edge oblique slot arrays (12), and the waveguide wide-edge longitudinal slot linear arrays (11) and the waveguide narrow-edge oblique slot arrays (12) are sequentially arranged according to the ABAB … rule in the direction; where partition V is a dummy partition used to reduce the boundary truncation effect of partition I and partition IV.

2. The dual polarized waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the radiation waveguide cavity array (2) consists of a ridge waveguide cavity unit (21) and a rectangular waveguide cavity unit (22); the waveguide wide-edge longitudinal slot linear arrays (11) and the waveguide narrow-edge oblique slot arrays (12) of the partitions I-IV correspond to the wide edges of ridge waveguide cavity units (21) and the narrow edges of rectangular waveguide cavity units (22) of the radiation waveguide cavity array (2) one by one respectively; each ridge waveguide cavity unit (21) comprises a short-circuit end (211) and an external connection port (212), and the rectangular waveguide cavity unit (22) comprises a short-circuit end (221) and an external connection port (222); a ridge waveguide cavity unit (21) of the radiation waveguide cavity array (2) is connected with an input port of the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity (3) through an external connection port (212); the rectangular waveguide cavity unit (22) of the radiation waveguide cavity array (2) is connected with the input port of the single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity (4) through an external connection port (222).

3. The dual polarized waveguide slot array antenna of claim 2, wherein: the ridge waveguide cavity unit (21) is connected with the single-layer horizontal polarization feed waveguide network cavity (3) through a horizontal polarization spoke-feed connecting waveguide elbow (5); the rectangular waveguide cavity unit (22) is connected with the single-layer vertical polarization feed waveguide network cavity (4) through a vertical polarization radiation-feed connection waveguide network (6).

4. The dual polarized waveguide slot array antenna of claim 3, wherein: the horizontally polarized radiation-fed connecting waveguide bend (5) comprises a matching step (51) for reducing the reflection coefficient.

5. The dual polarized waveguide slot array antenna of claim 1, wherein: the cavity (3) of the horizontally polarized feed waveguide network of each zone comprises: 11 compact one-to-four equal ratio power dividers (31), 7 one-to-two equal ratio power dividers (32), one 2: 1, an unequal ratio power divider (33), a 4: 3, an unequal ratio power divider (34), a 7: 4 unequal power dividers (35), 12 right-angle matched 90-degree waveguide elbows (36), 5 circular arc matched waveguide elbows (37), two obtuse-angle matched waveguide bends (38), one E-surface 90-degree waveguide elbow (39), an external connection port (310) and a waveguide connecting line (311).

6. The dual polarized waveguide slot array antenna of claim 5, wherein; the compact one-to-four equal ratio power divider (31) adopts multi-stage step matching for reducing the volume.

7. The dual polarized waveguide slot array antenna of claim 5, wherein: the horizontal polarization beam forming network cavity (7) comprises 4 quasi-planar magic Tees (71), 8H-surface right-angle waveguide elbows (72), 4 non-standard E-surface waveguide elbows (73), 4E-surface waveguide conversion elbows from non-standard waveguides to standard waveguides (74), 4 external connection ports (75), a sum beam port (76), an azimuth difference port (77), a pitch difference port (78) and an idle port (79); the quasi-planar magic Tee (71) comprises a two-layer structure, wherein the lower layer is an H-face Tee junction (711) which is provided with a first port (7111), a second port (7112) and a third port (7113), the upper layer is a waveguide (712) with one short circuit end and is provided with a fourth port (7121), the upper layer and the lower layer are connected through a coupling hole (713) in a common wall, a matching block (7114) and two matching steps (7115) are arranged on the H-face Tee junction (711) of the lower layer and are used for ensuring standing waves of the first port (7111), the second port (7112), the third port (7113) and the fourth port (7121), and when the first port (7111) and the second port (7112) feed electricity, the third port (7113) and the fourth port (7121) can equally divide input power.

8. The dual polarized waveguide slot array antenna of claim 3, wherein: the vertically polarized radiation-feed connection waveguide network (6) comprises two small-sized integrated E-surface power dividers, vertical connection waveguide assemblies (61) and an H-surface power divider (62), wherein the small-sized integrated E-surface power dividers and the vertical connection waveguide assemblies (61) are integrated by power dividers (611), two E-surface waveguide elbows (612) and one E-surface waveguide elbow (613).

9. A combination antenna, comprising: the method is characterized in that: an infrared or optical sensor lens is arranged at a central circular hole of a ring-shaped disc of the dual-polarized waveguide slot array antenna of any one of claims 1 to 8, and a microwave/millimeter wave vertical polarized beam port, a microwave/millimeter wave horizontal polarized beam port and an infrared or optical beam port are arranged below the dual-polarized waveguide slot array antenna.