CN1129080C - 用于使多个数字输入信号同步化的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种使多个数字输入信号同步化的方法,其中,这多个数字输入信号通过分别以各自的工作时钟脉冲进行扫描来获得,为了能以较少的投入可靠实施上述方法,本发明建议,通过以一个共同的后处理时钟脉冲扫描数字输入信号(x(k))来构成数字辅助信号(xd(nk+j),yd(nk+j)),其中,所采用的后处理时钟脉冲至少有最快的工作时钟脉冲两倍那么快,并且借助于内插各数字辅助信号(xd(nk+j),yd(nk+j))构成同步化的数字输出信号(x(m),y(m)),这些数字输出信号与数字输入信号(x(k))相对应。
Description
本发明涉及一种使多个数字输入信号同步化的方法,其中,这多个数字输入信号通过分别以各自的工作时钟脉冲进行扫描来获得。
这样一种方法已由欧洲专利文献EP 0 198 684 B1公开。一个记载在该专利文献中的用于保护一条电力输电线的差动继电器按照该方法进行工作,其中,在该输电线的多个不同点上对流过该输电线的电流进行监控。通过分别以各自的工作时钟脉冲在输电线的多个不同点上进行扫描,将输电线各个不同点处测获的电流转换成数字输入信号。在此,在不同点上并不以一个同步的时钟脉冲进行扫描,而是以稍有不同的时频进行扫描。在电力输电线上的不同测点之间设有一条数字传输信道。通过该传输信道由一个处于电力输电线上一处的检测设备(主设备-Master)将一个调用信息传输给另一处。调用信息包含这样的数据,即,该数据能发出一个关于该另一处扫描时刻的指示。作为对该调用信息的响应,位于电力输电线上另一处的检测设备(从属设备-Slave)发出一个应答信号。该响应信号包含关于主设备内的扫描时刻的信息以及关于在从属设备内的最后一次扫描时刻与随后的一次接收调用信息的接收时刻之间的时间差的信息。从主设备接收到的应答信号,在主设备内推算出在电力输电线上两个不同点处扫描时刻的时间偏差,在通过相应的矢量转动对接收到的数据进行向量变换之后,补偿不同扫描时刻之间的时间偏差。
本发明的目的在于进一步发展用于同步化多个数字输入信号的方法,使之能比较方便且可靠地予以实施,而没有必要形成矢量。
本发明的目的是这样来实现的,即,在上述类型的方法中,按照本发明,通过用一个共同的后处理时钟脉冲扫描数字输入信号来构成数字辅助信号,所采用的后处理时钟脉冲至少有最慢的工作时钟脉冲两倍那么快。借助于内插各数字辅助信号构成同步化的数字输出信号,这些数字输出信号与数字输入信号相对应。
本发明方法的一个重要优点在于,即便通过用相差很大的工作时钟脉冲进行扫描由模拟输入信号形成数字输入信号,也可以实现多个数字输入信号的同步化。为产生工作时钟脉冲所需的节拍发生器因而为实施本发明的方法也只需满足较低的要求。此外,本发明的方法也只对传输信道的质量提出较低的要求。另一重要的优点在于,本发明的方法便于实施,因为用一个共同的后处理时钟脉冲扫描数字输入信号以及内插由此形成的数字辅助信号本身可以看作是常用的措施。
当数字输入信号是正弦形信号或余弦形信号时,就能用足够的精确度实施本发明的方法。但通常并不是这样的情况,因而必须考虑到会出现较大的误差。当考虑到所提出的要求而不能接受这样的误差时,则按照本发明的另一改进设计显得比较有利,即,在用共同的后处理时钟脉冲扫描数字输入信号之前,用一个具有一定特性的滤波器过滤这些数字输入信号。该滤波器的特性与用于内插的内插滤波器的特性相互反转。在本发明方法的这一实施形式中,在从数字输入信号到形成数字输出信号的传输途径中,传输特性的值为1。由此可形成与数字输入值精确对应的数字输出值。
在本发明的方法中已证明特别有利的是,在内插之后随即用一个去假频滤波器(Antialiasingfilter)进行滤波,以便为一个输入数字输出信号的分析设备实现带宽限制。
有待被同步化的数字输入信号可以被不同地构成。例如它们可以是多个传感器的输出信号,这些传感器借助各自的节拍发生器由模拟输入信号生成数字信号,并将这些数字信号发送到其输出端。此外,通过在一个供电系统的不同点处进行扫描,可由该供电系统的模拟测量值生成数字输入信号。按照本发明方法的一特别有利的设计方案,由一些在一个供电系统内的仪用互感器分别用各自的工作时钟脉冲扫描得到的二次测值来获得数字输入值。在此,这些仪用互感器例如可以设置在一个变电站内的不同位置处,或者也可以作为设在一根电力输电线端部或一个发电机或电力变压器的外部接头处的一个差动保护装置的组成部件。
如果采用罗高夫斯基仪用互感器(Rogowski-Messwandler),那么由仪用互感器的二次测值构成的数字输入信号就可直接转换成数字辅助信号,同时可采用一个积分器进行内插。
下面借助附图对本发明予以详细说明,附图中:
图1为一个实施本发明方法的设备的一个实施例的线路方框图;
图2示出对数字输入信号进行过滤的滤波器的一个实施例;
图3示出图2所示滤波器的特性和结构;
图4示出内插滤波器的一个实施例;
图5示出图4所示滤波器的特性和结构。
如图1所示,在一个用于实施本发明方法的设备的一个输入端1上有一个模拟输入信号x(t),该输入信号在一个模拟数字转换器2中被转换成一个数字输入信号x(k)。该数字输入信号x(k)穿过一个由微分器构成的信号编码器3,这样在信号编码器3的输出端上就输出一个脉冲群xd(k),该脉冲群通过对数字输入信号x(k)取导数形成。借助一个发送装置4,该脉冲群xd(k)通过一个传输信道5被传输给一个接收装置6。该接收装置6的输出端输出脉冲群xd(k)。
图1所示设备还另外包含一个接收装置7,该接收装置7的输入端8按照上述输入端1和接收装置6相连那样的方式与图1所示设备的另一个输入端9相连接。也就是说,图中的虚线应当包括一个相应于模拟数字转换器2的模拟数字转换器、一个相应于信号编码器3的信号编码器、一个相应于发送装置4的发送装置以及一个相应于传输信道5的传输信道。这样,在另一个接收装置7的输出端也形成一个脉冲群yd(k),该脉冲群就象脉冲群xd(k)那样由信号y(t)获得。
除了接收装置7之外,还可以另外设置更多的接收装置,它们以相同的方式输出脉冲群。
所述接收装置6和7的输出端与一个信号解码器10相连接。该信号解码器在其输入端侧有一个重新取样装置11。该重新取样装置按照美国专利US 5,075,880中具体描述的(尤其是如图5所示并结合图5所说明的)那样来设计和工作。这样在重新取样装置11中,本身分别以重新取样装置的一个共同的后处理时钟脉冲对所述数字输入信号xd(k)和yd(k)进行扫描,并通过插入零值来形成数字辅助信号xd(nk+j)和yd(nk+j)。在此,该重新取样装置11的后处理时钟脉冲至少有形成数字输入信号x(k)时的最快工作时钟脉冲两倍那么快。若用于获取数字输入信号x(k)的扫描频率在大约1至40 kHz之间,则对于后处理时钟脉冲可考虑一个在10至500kHz之间的频率范围,推荐大约200kHz。
所述具有比较高的后处理时钟脉冲的数字辅助信号xd(nk+j)和yd(nk+j)分别输入一个内插滤波器12或13。这种滤波器在本实施例中是积分器。这是由于前面采用微分器作为信号编码器3,因而在这儿采用积分器。这样,基于信号编码器3的微分器工作方式和信号解码器10的积分器工作方式,传输特性的值为1。原则上也可考虑采用其它类型的内插滤波器、例如拉格朗日-内插器(Lagrange-Interpolatoren)或斯普林-内插嚣(Spline-Interpolatoren)。
积分器12和13的输出端输出的脉冲群x(nk+j)和y(nk+j)在被同步化后分别输入一个去假频滤波器14和15中。借助它们将脉冲群限制在供一个图中未示出的分析设备进行处理所需的带宽上。这样,在一个去假频滤波器14的输出端上输出数字输出信号x(m),在另一个去假频滤波器15的输出端上输出数字输出信号y(m)。这两个数字输出信号x(m)和y(m)现在就可以按公知的方式减小到一个适合于图中未示出的分析设备进行处理的扫描频率上。该扫描频率必须通过用重新取样装置11的扫描频率来除以一个整数除数获得。在前述假定的频率范围情况下以及在对供电系统进行监控的实际应用情况中,所需减小到的合理的扫描频率在0.6至10kHz之间。
当x(t)和y(t)是纯粹的正弦信号或余弦信号时,就可以放弃采用信号编码器3。这一点即便对于不纯正的正弦信号或余弦信号有时也还适于,只要x(t)和y(t)是罗高夫斯基互感器的输出值即可。这是因为这些输出值相当于互感嚣输入值的导数。
在图2中示出一个用于图1中所示信号编码器3的实施例,该编码器被设计成FIR滤波器,它起到微分器的作用。图中的A表示信号编码器的输入端,B表示信号编码器的输出端。由数字输入信号x(k)生成脉冲群xd(k)。信号编码器3的系数a0,a1和b1取如下的数值:
系数 | 数值 |
a0 | 0.66666666666667 |
a1 | -0.66666666666667 |
b1 | 0.83333333333333 |
在图3的上半部分中示出相对于图2所示信号编码器的频率的振幅特性曲线,而在图3的下半部分中则示出相对于图2所示信号编码器的频率的相位特性曲线。
在图4中示出的图1所示内插装置12或13是一个作为积分器的FIR滤波器,它具有系数a0,a1,b1。这些系数的数值可从下表中获取。用C表示该FIR滤波器的输入端,用D则表示其输出端。
系数 | 数值 |
a0 | 1.50000000000000 |
a1 | 1.25000000000000 |
b1 | -1 |
在图5的上半部分中示出相对于图4所示滤波器的频率的振幅特性曲线,而在图5的下半部分中则示出相对于图4所示滤波器的频率的相位特性曲线。可以看出,图2和图4所示滤波器的频率响应曲线相互反转,由此可以实现欲努力达到的数值为1的传输函数。
Claims (7)
1.一种使多个数字输入信号(x(k))同步化的方法,其中,这多个数字输入信号通过分别以各自的工作时钟脉冲进行扫描来获得,其特征在于,
-通过以一个共同的后处理时钟脉冲扫描数字输入信号(x(k))来构成数字辅助信号(xd(nk+j),yd(nk+j)),其中
-所采用的后处理时钟脉冲至少有最快的工作时钟脉冲两倍那么快,并且
-借助于内插各数字辅助信号(xd(nk+j),yd(nk+j))构成同步化的数字输出信号(x(m),y(m)),这些数字输出信号与数字输入信号(x(k))相对应。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在以共同的后处理时钟脉冲扫描数字输入信号(x(k))之前,用一个其特性与用于内插的内插滤波器(12,13)的特性相反的滤波器(3)过滤这些数字输入信号(x(k))。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在内插之后随即用一个去假频滤波器进行滤波。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,由一些在一个供电系统内的仪用互感器分别用各自的工作时钟脉冲扫描得到的二次测值来获得数字输入信号。
5.如权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,由一些在一个供电系统内的仪用互感器分别用各自的工作时钟脉冲扫描得到的二次测值来获得数字输入信号。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,
-在由罗高夫斯基仪用互感器的二次测值构成数字输入信号时,由这些数字输入信号直接形成数字辅助信号,并且
-可采用一个积分器进行内插。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,
-在由罗高夫斯基仪用互感器的二次测值构成数字输入信号时,由这些数字输入信号直接形成数字辅助信号,并且
-可采用一个积分器进行内插。
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-
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- 1999-11-30 DE DE59902701T patent/DE59902701D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-11-30 CN CN99815638A patent/CN1129080C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-11-30 EP EP99964398A patent/EP1141861B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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CN1333893A (zh) | 2002-01-30 |
EP1141861A1 (de) | 2001-10-10 |
DE19860720A1 (de) | 2000-06-29 |
US7327815B1 (en) | 2008-02-05 |
DE59902701D1 (de) | 2002-10-17 |
EP1141861B1 (de) | 2002-09-11 |
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