CN112904248A - Quench detection device and quench detection method for uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil - Google Patents
Quench detection device and quench detection method for uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil Download PDFInfo
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- CN112904248A CN112904248A CN202110090266.XA CN202110090266A CN112904248A CN 112904248 A CN112904248 A CN 112904248A CN 202110090266 A CN202110090266 A CN 202110090266A CN 112904248 A CN112904248 A CN 112904248A
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Abstract
The invention provides a quench detection device and a quench detection method of an uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil, which comprise an uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil and a magnetic field measuring element, wherein the magnetic field measuring element comprises a magnetic field measuring coil or a magnetic field measuring device; the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil comprises one or more coils; the magnetic field measuring device is arranged on the central axis of one or more uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coils and in the surrounding space; the magnetic field measurement coil is disposed inside, outside or on the surface of one or more uninsulated high temperature superconducting coils. The invention designs a corresponding measuring device and method based on the principle of quench-out induction field attenuation of the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil, and realizes effective quench monitoring of the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil. The invention solves the problem of difficult quench detection of the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil and the magnet, can carry out fast and effective quench detection on the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil, and is a key step for quench protection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of superconduction, in particular to a quench detection device and a quench detection method of an uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil.
Background
The second generation high temperature superconductive belt material is one kind of coated superconductor produced through vacuum coating process and multilayer laminating and packing process. The thickness of the superconducting tape is generally 50-300 microns, the width is generally 4-12 mm, and the typical structure is shown in figure 1: the thickness of the superconducting layer is usually 1-3 microns, and the superconducting layer is coated on a base band with the thickness of about 50 microns through a vacuum coating technology. Therefore, the second generation high temperature superconducting tape is a belt-shaped structure with ultra-high aspect ratio. The base tape and the protective layer of the second generation high temperature superconducting tape are various metal materials (hastelloy, brass, copper, stainless steel, silver, etc.), and thus the superconducting layer thereof is included in the metal layer, as shown in fig. 1. Such strip is commonly wound around coils of a pancake or solenoid configuration as shown in fig. 2 for engineering applications. The traditional high-temperature superconducting coil adopts a winding mode of turn-to-turn electrical insulation, and a superconducting tape is wrapped in an electrical insulation material to realize complete electrical insulation.
The uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil is a coil based on a second-generation high-temperature superconducting strip material, wherein partial or all turn-to-turn electrical insulation is removed. Its macroscopic geometry is usually represented by pancake coils and solenoid coils, as shown in fig. 2. The coil is characterized in that turn-to-turn insulating materials inside the coil are removed, so that the strip inside the coil is in direct contact with the metal surface of the strip. The second generation high temperature superconducting strip has a multilayer structure, a superconducting layer is coated by a base band and a protective layer, and the base band is made of stainless steel, Hastelloy or nickel tungsten; the protective layer is made of red copper, brass, stainless steel and soldering tin. These materials, although all good conductors, have a resistivity that is many orders of magnitude higher than the superconducting layer in its superconducting state, so that when the coil is carrying current steadily, the current will flow entirely through the superconducting layer, in which state the base tape and the protective layer act as turn-to-turn "electrically insulating" materials for the superconducting layer. When quench occurs, the resistance of the superconducting layer rapidly rises to a level comparable to these metallic materials, or even higher. At the moment, part of current can be automatically shunted through the interturn contact to bypass the quench area. This effectively reduces the current-carrying capacity of the superconducting tape in the quench region, greatly reduces the amount of heat generated thereby, and effectively suppresses further development of the quench. Therefore, compared with the traditional insulated coil, the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil has higher electrothermal stability, better self-protection and quench recovery capability.
The uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil has higher robustness and quenching thermal stability compared with an equivalent insulated coil, which is proved by theory and experiments. However, in theory, when the quench accident is serious enough, the uninsulated high temperature superconducting coil still has the possibility of burning the strip, and in practice, the quench accident that the uninsulated high temperature superconducting coil burns the strip does occur. It is therefore necessary to develop quench protection techniques for uninsulated high temperature superconducting coils and magnets.
At present, "quench protection" is one of the biggest technical challenges for high temperature superconducting coils in engineering applications. The superconductor can keep zero resistance characteristic only in a superconducting state, and when any parameter of the temperature, the magnetic field and the current of the superconductor exceeds a critical value, the superconductor suddenly loses the superconducting characteristic and enters a resistive normal state from the superconducting state, which is called as quench. The process of quenching a superconductor generates a large amount of heat, and once the quenching occurs, if the quenching is not discovered in time and effective protective measures are taken, the superconductor is burnt out. The core technology of quench protection of superconducting coils is divided into two aspects: quench detection and quench protection. The former is to detect the occurrence of quench by a technical means, the more the quench can be detected at the early stage of the quench, the better the effect after the protection system acts; the latter adopts corresponding measures to inhibit the propagation and deepening of the quench after the occurrence of the quench is judged, and avoids the irreversible damage of the strip.
For the quench protection of the high-temperature superconducting coil, how to detect the occurrence of the quench as soon as possible in time is the biggest technical challenge at present. The traditional quench detection methods are mainly of two types: temperature detection methods and voltage detection methods. The voltage detection method is used for detecting the voltage at two ends of the superconductor, and once local quenching occurs, voltage rising signals are generated at two ends of the superconductor, so that the quenching is detected. The method is mainly suitable for the low-temperature superconductor, because the quench propagation speed of the low-temperature superconductor is very high, and the quench propagation speed of the second-generation high-temperature superconductor is two orders of magnitude lower than that of the low-temperature superconductor, so that a relatively obvious voltage rise signal cannot be formed at the early stage of the occurrence of quench. The temperature detection method is used for detecting the occurrence of quench by measuring the temperature rise of a conductor. For the measurement of temperature, the traditional method mostly adopts a mode of a thermocouple and a temperature measuring optical fiber. However, the main problem of these two methods is that if the starting position of the quench is not a temperature measurement point, it is difficult to detect the quench in time. If the temperature measuring points are pre-buried too many, the process complexity and difficulty of the superconducting coil are increased sharply. In addition, acoustic wave detection, stress detection methods based on the acoustic wave detection and the like are available, and the methods are not mature at present and are still in scientific research.
Therefore, no effective quench detection technology for high-temperature superconducting coils and magnets exists at present, and no quench detection technology for uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coils exists. The non-insulation high-temperature superconducting coil technology is provided for solving the problem that the traditional insulation high-temperature superconducting coil cannot perform quench protection. Therefore, no insulation-free high-temperature superconducting coil in the current engineering application is provided with a quench detection and protection system. In theory and practice, however, uninsulated high temperature superconducting coils, while having relatively higher thermal stability, also have the potential to quench and burn out the tape. In view of the high cost of superconducting equipment, the most costly of which is the superconducting coil, it is necessary to develop appropriate quench detection techniques.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a quench detection device and a measurement method of an uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil.
The quench detection device of the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil comprises an uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil and a magnetic field measuring element, wherein the magnetic field measuring element comprises a magnetic field measuring coil or a magnetic field measuring device;
the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil comprises one or more coils;
the magnetic field measuring device is arranged on the central axis of one or more uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coils and in the surrounding space;
the magnetic field measurement coil is disposed inside, outside or on the surface of one or more uninsulated high temperature superconducting coils.
Preferably, the magnetic field measuring element comprises a hall element or a fiber optic device.
Preferably, the magnetic field measurement coil comprises a good conductor, and the good conductor is made of copper, gold or silver material.
Preferably, the magnetic field measurement coil is a superconducting coil, and the superconducting coil comprises any one of NbTi, NbSn3, MgB2, BSCCO, ReBCO, GdBCO and YBCO.
Preferably, the magnetic field measuring coil is a one-turn or multi-turn coil.
Preferably, the magnetic field measuring coil can be co-wound with an uninsulated coil, in whole or in part.
According to the invention, the measurement method of the quench detection device based on the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil comprises the following steps:
magnetic field measuring element distribution step: arranging a magnetic field measuring element inside or outside the uninsulated high temperature superconducting coil or on the coil;
quench judgment: analyzing the change characteristics of the induction field of the uninsulated superconducting coil when various types of loss time occurs under corresponding working conditions aiming at the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil to be detected in advance; directly measuring a magnetic field and the induced voltage of a coupling coil by a quench detection device of the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil, and converting the change characteristics into corresponding measurement magnetic field or voltage signals; and comparing the measured magnetic field or voltage signal with the analysis result, and judging that the quench occurs when the feature matching degree reaches a preset threshold value.
Preferably, a change in the magnetic field is considered to be a change when the detected change in the magnetic field exceeds a set threshold.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention designs a corresponding measuring device and method based on the principle of quench-out induction field attenuation of the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil, and realizes effective quench monitoring of the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil.
2. The invention solves the problem of difficult quench detection of the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil and the magnet, can carry out fast and effective quench detection on the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil, and is a key step for carrying out quench protection on the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil and improving the safety of the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent upon reading of the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the following drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a structure of a superconducting tape.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the spatial geometry of a pancake coil and a solenoid coil based on a second-generation high-temperature superconducting tape.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the variation of the central induced magnetic field during quench of the uninsulated high temperature superconducting coil.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of a magnetic field measuring element measuring a magnetic field around an uninsulated HTS coil.
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a measurement of uninsulated high temperature superconducting coil using a plurality of magnetic field measuring elements.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a magnetic quench detection scheme for multiple uninsulated HTS coil systems.
FIGS. 7-9 are schematic diagrams of measurements of quench detection of uninsulated high temperature superconducting coils by induced voltage methods.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 9, the present invention provides a quench detection device and a measurement method for a non-insulated high-temperature superconducting coil, and the method of the present invention is based on the following main principles: when local quench occurs inside the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil, partial current of the coil flows in the radial direction through inter-turn shunt, which reduces the magnetic field induced by the whole coil and changes the magnetic field distribution on the surface of the coil. As shown in fig. 3, this is the change of the central magnetic field of a coil during the local quench and recovery of a single-pancake uninsulated coil: when local quench occurs, a significant drop in the central magnetic field occurs, and when the coil recovers from the quench, the central magnetic field induced by the coil recovers.
Therefore, this characteristic of the uninsulated high temperature superconducting coil can be used to detect quench. Based on the principle, the invention provides the following specific quench detection methods:
1. and detecting the quench of the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil by a magnetic detection method.
As shown in FIG. 4, for a single uninsulated high temperature superconducting coil, a magnetic field measuring device is placed at the center of the coil to monitor the central magnetic field of the coil in real time. When quench occurs inside the absolute coil, the device detects a significant drop in the magnetic field, thereby detecting the occurrence of quench.
The magnetic field measuring device can adopt a Hall element to carry out magnetic field detection, and can also adopt other equipment such as optical fibers and the like to carry out magnetic field monitoring.
In order to improve the reliability of the magnetic field monitoring system, the number of the magnetic field measuring points can be one or more. Since the magnetic fields at the center point and the central axis of the coil are most likely to collectively reflect the ability of the coil to induce a magnetic field, it is preferable to locate the magnetic field measurement points at the center point and the central axis of the coil. However, the magnetic field in the coil and other spaces around it also changes during a quench, so that the magnetic field measurement points can also be arranged at these positions, as shown in fig. 5. Preferably, more magnetic field measurement points are obliquely arranged at the parts which are easy to quench in engineering experience and design analysis.
The method may also be used for multiple uninsulated hts coil systems, as shown in fig. 6. For a magnet system composed of a plurality of uninsulated coils, a plurality of measurement points may be disposed on the central axis to monitor the change of the magnetic field, or a plurality of magnetic field measurement points may be disposed in other surrounding spaces of the coils as shown in fig. 5.
The method is also applicable to a hybrid magnet consisting of a plurality of uninsulated high temperature superconducting coils and a plurality of conventional insulated coils (including high temperature superconducting insulated coils and low temperature superconducting insulated coils). In this system the method is mainly used for detecting quench in which there is no insulated high temperature superconducting coil. The coil magnetic field is not significantly changed in view of the quench process of the insulated coil. In the multi-type coil hybrid system, the magnetic field generated by the insulated coil needs to be set as a bias magnetic field algorithmically, and the bias magnetic field needs to be filtered algorithmically in the quench detection without the insulated coil.
2. The quenching of the uninsulated high temperature superconducting coil is measured by an induced voltage method.
During the quench process of the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil, the overall induction magnetic field is reduced due to radial shunt. According to the method, a single insulated coil and an uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil are magnetically coupled, but when an induced magnetic field of the superconducting coil is reduced, induced voltage is generated in the coupled coil, and the quench of the uninsulated superconducting coil is detected by measuring the induced voltage.
Taking a single uninsulated high temperature superconducting coil as an example, an insulated magnetic field measuring coil and an uninsulated high temperature superconducting coil are coupled as shown in fig. 7. The magnetic field generated by the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil is coupled with the insulated magnetic field measuring coil, and the voltage of the insulated coil is monitored in real time. In a normal working state, the induced voltage in the insulated coil is almost zero. When the non-insulated coil is quenched, a large voltage is induced in the insulated coil due to the change of the coupling flux linkage, and the quenching is detected by measuring the induced voltage.
Further, the magnetic field measuring coil can adopt good conductors such as copper, gold, silver and the like. The magnetic field measuring coil can also be a superconducting coil, such as low-temperature superconducting NbTi, NbSn3, MgB2 in high-temperature superconducting, BSCCO, ReBCO, GdBCO, YBCO and the like. The magnetic field measuring coil can be one turn or a plurality of turns. The larger the number of turns, the larger the induced voltage, and the more specific the application is to be able to perform effective voltage measurement.
The magnetic field measuring coil may be placed inside an uninsulated superconducting coil, as shown in FIG. 7; or may be placed on an uninsulated superconducting coil, as shown in fig. 8; or may be placed outside the uninsulated coil as shown in fig. 9.
The magnetic field measuring coil may also take the form of a co-wound with an uninsulated coil, or be partially co-wound.
The method can also be used for a magnet system consisting of a plurality of uninsulated high temperature superconducting coils. One or more magnetic field measuring coils may be provided to detect changes in the magnetic field.
The method is also applicable to a hybrid magnet consisting of a plurality of uninsulated high temperature superconducting coils and a plurality of conventional insulated coils (including high temperature superconducting insulated coils and low temperature superconducting insulated coils). In this system the method is mainly used for detecting quench in which there is no insulated high temperature superconducting coil.
The invention detects the occurrence of quench by measuring the change of the whole induction magnetic field of the coil and the change of the magnetic field on the surface of the coil.
In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present application.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes or modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention. The embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other arbitrarily without conflict.
Claims (7)
1. A quench detection device of uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil is characterized by comprising an uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil and a magnetic field measuring element, wherein the magnetic field measuring element comprises a magnetic field measuring coil or a magnetic field measuring device;
the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil comprises one or more coils;
the magnetic field measuring device is arranged on the central axis of one or more uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coils and in the surrounding space;
the magnetic field measurement coil is disposed inside, outside or on the surface of one or more uninsulated high temperature superconducting coils.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field measuring element comprises a hall element or a fiber optic device.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field measuring coil comprises a good conductor made of copper, gold or silver.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field measuring coil is a superconducting coil, and the superconducting coil comprises any one of NbTi, NbSn3, MgB2, BSCCO, ReBCO, GdBCO, and YBCO.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field measuring coil is one or more turns.
6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the magnetic field measuring coil is co-wound with the uninsulated coil in whole or in part.
7. A quench detection method based on the quench detection device of the uninsulated high temperature superconducting coil of any claim 1-6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
magnetic field measuring element distribution step: arranging a magnetic field measuring element inside or outside the uninsulated high temperature superconducting coil or on the coil;
quench judgment: analyzing the change characteristics of the induction field of the uninsulated superconducting coil when various types of loss time occurs under corresponding working conditions aiming at the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil to be detected in advance; directly measuring a magnetic field and the induced voltage of a coupling coil by a quench detection device of the uninsulated high-temperature superconducting coil, and converting the change characteristics into corresponding measurement magnetic field or voltage signals; and comparing the measured magnetic field or voltage signal with the analysis result, and judging that the quench occurs when the feature matching degree reaches a preset threshold value.
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| CN114005671A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2022-02-01 | 西北有色金属研究院 | Adopts uninsulated MgB2Method for winding superconducting magnet by wire |
| CN115615347A (en) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-01-17 | 清华大学 | Superconducting coil strain monitoring device based on distributed optical fiber |
| CN116520026A (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-08-01 | 上海交通大学 | Non-insulated superconducting coil inter-turn resistivity space distribution nondestructive measurement method and equipment |
| CN117075010A (en) * | 2023-08-17 | 2023-11-17 | 能量奇点能源科技(上海)有限公司 | High-temperature superconducting magnet detection assembly, manufacturing method thereof and high-temperature superconducting magnet quench detection method |
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