CN112903803A - Device and method for improving detection sensitivity of etomidate blood concentration in operation - Google Patents
Device and method for improving detection sensitivity of etomidate blood concentration in operation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for improving detection sensitivity of etomidate blood concentration in operation. The method takes an ion mobility spectrometry technology as a basic detection technology, utilizes a rapid solvent extraction pretreatment method, combines a halogen lamp heating rapid analysis and a pulse valve pressure-increasing flow-control instantaneous sample injection method through a preferred dose reagent ion control adding method, and realizes intraoperative online high-sensitivity detection of etomidate in blood. The detection and analysis time of a single sample is less than 30S. The detection sensitivity is high, and the detection limit can reach 0.01 mu g/ml; the quantitative analysis concentration range of etomidate in blood is 0.1-10 mug/ml. The device is stable and reliable, and the method is simple, rapid and efficient. The detection method can be widely applied to the on-line analysis of clinical etomidate administration depth in operation, guides doctors to accurately administer drugs in clinic, and lays a foundation for researching the pharmacokinetics of etomidate anesthesia in the operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of pharmaceutical analytical chemistry, and particularly relates to a device and a method for improving detection sensitivity of etomidate blood concentration in surgery.
Background
Etomidate is a derivative of imidazole, with the chemical name R- (+) -ethyl-1- (1-phenylethyl) -1-hydro-imidazole-5-carboxylic acid ester. Etomidate has a molecular weight of 244 and is used for general anesthesia induction. The requirement for compounds suitable as general anesthetics: the physical and chemical properties are stable, non-toxic, rapidly distributed, metabolizable and excretable, so that the anesthesia process can achieve 'fast anesthesia and fast awakening'; rapid dynamic monitoring of anesthetics is difficult due to these characteristics. The application and dosage are that for adults, the weight is 150-. Patients with cirrhosis of the liver and those who have been taking antipsychotics have to be given reduced doses. At present, clinical application dosage and methods recommended at home and abroad have errors in specific application due to the absence of a rapid and effective blood concentration analysis method. Based on the clinical application, the etomidate has low drug concentration, so that the improvement of the detection sensitivity is an important problem to be solved urgently. There is no equipment for monitoring the concentration of the anesthetic in real time at home and abroad.
The blood concentration of anesthetic is an important index for measuring the efficacy of anesthesia. At present, technologies based on electroencephalogram detection and analysis are commonly used clinically to indirectly reflect the anesthesia depth of a patient, such as BIS, entropy index and the like, but the role of these technologies in accurately evaluating the anesthesia depth of a patient to reduce the awareness in the operation is controversial. The realization of accurate anesthesia requires the knowledge of the real-time concentration distribution and the variation trend of the anesthetic in the effector chamber and the blood after administration, and therefore, the development of an apparatus and a method for measuring the blood concentration of the anesthetic in real time is urgently needed. The HPLC method is only reported at home and abroad, so that the HPLC method is time-consuming and labor-consuming in monitoring, the pretreatment is complex, and the HPLC method is particularly inaccurate in blood concentration monitoring, so that the method is rarely used at home and abroad and is mostly in the scientific research stage. Although Gas Chromatography (GC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) can monitor the blood concentration, real-time online measurement cannot be carried out, and due to the defects that equipment is large, complex sample pretreatment is required, requirements are strict, time consumption is long and the like, even if relevant data of the medicine is obtained in a laboratory, anesthesia is already finished, so the equipment cannot be applied to clinic.
Compared with the traditional mass Spectrometry and chromatographic instruments, the rapid separation and detection technology of the Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) technology in the 70 th century has the characteristics of simple structure, high sensitivity, high analysis speed and reliable result. The IMS researched by people at present is widely applied to the fields of medical detection, chemical warfare agents, drugs, explosive detection, environment monitoring, toxic gas monitoring, fire monitoring, water pollution monitoring, food monitoring and the like. No report is available at home and abroad for detecting the blood concentration of etomidate by using an ion mobility spectrometry detector. The outstanding advantages of the ion mobility spectrometry detector are not strict on the requirements of the sample pretreatment process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a method for improving detection sensitivity of blood concentration of etomidate in surgery, wherein a detection device is an ion mobility spectrometry detector and is in a positive ion high-voltage mode, and a whole blood sample is subjected to pretreatment of rapid solvent extraction, and then is combined with a halogen lamp heating rapid analysis and pulse valve instantaneous sample injection method to realize online high-sensitivity intraoperative detection of etomidate in blood. The technical scheme is as follows:
the invention provides a device for improving detection sensitivity of etomidate blood concentration in operation, which comprises a halogen lamp thermal analysis component, an ion mobility spectrometry ion mobility tube detector, a chemical dopant device, a signal amplifier, a signal processing converter and a signal output PC (personal computer), wherein a blood sample to be detected enters the halogen lamp thermal analysis component for thermal analysis, and a gas-phase component after thermal analysis is instantly carried into the ion mobility spectrometry ion mobility tube detector by pulse carrier gas; the sample gas output end of the halogen lamp thermal analysis component is connected with one open end of the ion migration tube detector; chemical dopant in the chemical dopant device is brought into the ion mobility spectrometry ion mobility tube detector by drift gas; and the signal output end of the ion mobility spectrometry ion mobility tube detector is sequentially connected with a signal amplifier, a signal processing converter and a signal output PC.
Based on the technical scheme, preferably, the pulse carrier gas enters the halogen lamp thermal analysis assembly through a pulse valve; the pulse frequency of the pulse carrier gas is 0.01-0.02 s; the flow rate of the pulse carrier gas is 200-300 sccm.
Based on the technical scheme, preferably, carrier gas and a floating gas source used in the ion mobility spectrometry experiment are independent external air supply sources and are purified air; the gas source is purified air which is filtered by activated molecular sieve and activated carbon and is subjected to water, organic matters and dust removal; the air source condition is fixed, and the stability of the ion mobility spectrometry detection spectrum peak signal can be ensured.
The pulse carrier gas flows through the pulse valve and the halogen lamp sample injector in sequence and enters the ion migration tube detector, and the drift gas flows through the dock reagent cylinder in sequence and enters the ion migration tube detector.
Based on the above technical scheme, preferably, the halogen lamp illumination time of the halogen lamp thermal analysis component is 10 to 20 seconds. Combining a halogen lamp heating rapid analysis and a pulse valve boosting flow control instantaneous sample injection method for sample injection analysis; the carrier gas pressure is 0.5-1 MPa.
Based on the technical scheme, preferably, the halogen lamp thermal analysis component comprises a sample introduction slide glass, and the sample introduction slide glass is a metal aluminum foil; the thermal analysis circular area of the sample injection slide is provided with mutually vertical scratches or circular spiral grooves.
The invention also provides a method for improving the detection sensitivity of etomidate blood concentration in operation, which uses any one of the devices and comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out sample rapid pretreatment on whole blood, and extracting etomidate medicine from the whole blood by using an extracting agent;
(2) the pre-treated extractant containing etomidate medicine enters the halogen lamp thermal analysis assembly, a halogen lamp and a pulse valve are sequentially started, carrier gas carrying sample gas enters an ion migration tube detector, and moves with chemical dopant gas flow carried by opposite floating gas under a high-voltage electric field, and after passing through a signal amplifier and a signal processing converter, a signal output PC automatically collects ion motion trajectory data for time and stops, and then the halogen lamp and the pulse valve are closed;
(3) and recording the ion mobility spectrometry spectrum by a signal output PC machine.
Based on the technical scheme, preferably, when the instrument is in standby, the pulse valve is closed, no carrier gas exists, and the drift gas carries acetone dose reagent ions to form an air reagent ion peak after ionization. The chemical dopant is acetone; the acetone concentration is adjusted by controlling the temperature, the release amount and the drift gas flow, and the ion peak position of the reagent can be adjusted by different acetone concentrations for the peak identification of the etomidate spectrum.
Based on the above technical scheme, preferably, the pretreatment in step (1) is a rapid solvent extraction pretreatment method, which specifically comprises: selecting carbon tetrachloride as extractant, and performing vortex extraction and centrifugal extraction for 1-3 min; the method can ensure that the extract of the components in the blood is effectively separated from the target peak in the mobility spectrum positive ion mode; the volume ratio of the dosage of the extractant to the whole blood is 1:1-2: 1. After the whole blood sample is pretreated by the rapid solvent extraction, the intraoperative online high-sensitivity detection of etomidate in blood is realized by combining the halogen lamp heating rapid thermal analysis and the pulse valve instant sample injection method.
Based on the technical scheme, preferably, the collection time of the thermal analysis signal spectrum peak is within 30S; the data acquisition process comprises the steps of firstly acquiring 1-3S blanks, and then sequentially starting the halogen lamp and the pulse valve; the starting time of the halogen lamp is less than the starting time of the pulse valve, and the difference time is the cleaning process of the sample feeding device.
Based on the technical scheme, preferably, the chemical doping agent is acetone, and the acetone concentration adjustable reagent ion peak position is used for etomidate spectrum peak identification.
Based on the technical scheme, preferably, a standard curve equation is established by taking the blood concentration as an abscissa and taking the peak area of the thermal analysis signal spectrum of etomidate as an ordinate. The analysis detection limit of the method for sample quantification can reach 0.01 mu g/ml; the linear range is 0.1-10. mu.g/ml.
The pulse valve of the present invention changes the input long signal into pulse signal by means of the delay action of air flow through air resistance and air volume. The pulse valve is divided into a right-angle pulse valve and a submerged pulse valve. The right angle principle is that high-pressure gas inserts from the air inlet, gets into air chamber down, and when the pulse valve did not receive the electricity, gaseous constant pressure pipeline through two upper and lower casings gets into the decompression chamber with buried formula pulse valve and orifice wherein, because the case blocks up the pressure release hole under the effect of spring, gaseous can not discharge, makes the pressure of decompression chamber and air chamber down unanimous, and under the spring action, the diaphragm blocks up the jetting mouth, and gaseous can not rush out. When the pulse valve is electrified, the valve core is lifted upwards under the action of electromagnetic force, the pressure relief hole is opened, gas is sprayed out, the outflow speed of the pressure relief hole is higher than the inflow speed of gas of a constant pressure pipe of the decompression chamber due to the action of the orifice of the constant pressure pipeline, the pressure of the decompression chamber is lower than the pressure of the lower air chamber, the diaphragm is jacked up by the gas of the lower air chamber, and the spraying and blowing port is opened for gas spraying and blowing.
Monitoring of etomidate blood concentration has great significance for ensuring clinical safety. The successful development of the detection method is beneficial to the application of the ion mobility spectrometry detection etomidate method to clinic, makes up the laggard and gap in the aspect of detecting the anesthetic drug etomidate in the medical field of China, and leads the development of the field all over the world.
Advantageous effects
(1) The invention enhances the detection sensitivity of etomidate by improving a sample injection carrier and combining a pulse valve sample injection method for sample injection analysis of etomidate in whole blood. Acetone dopant reagent ions are connected in series in the bleaching gas, and a sample peak obtained by an etomidate sample can be completely separated from volatile components in positive ion whole blood; in the standby state of the instrument, the pulse valve is closed, and the instrument still has a stable reagent ion peak; the halogen lamp sample injector is started, so that the loss of the dose reagent is not caused, and the stable reagent ion peak is beneficial to accurate quantitative analysis.
(2) The halogen lamp is used as a heat source to thermally analyze the whole blood matrix sample, the halogen lamp stops illuminating, the thermal analysis process also stops rapidly, so that a serious memory effect cannot be caused to the system, and the accurate quantitative analysis is facilitated.
(3) The high-pressure gas that the pulse valve usable pulse valve opened in the twinkling of an eye is advanced and is concentrated to be swept thermal analysis sample gas, does not dilute sample reagent, and the analytic signal of reinforcing improves sensitivity. Based on the combination of the ion mobility spectrometry technology and the halogen lamp sample introduction method, the detection sensitivity can be greatly improved, and the analysis time can be shortened. When a sample is fed, the carrier gas is simultaneously started, and the dopant is added into the floating gas, so that the dopant loss caused by starting the sample injector is avoided, and the stability of quantitative analysis is improved.
(4) The method utilizes the ion mobility spectrometry technology to develop a detection method for etomidate as a new drug anesthetic; relates to a combined sample injection device and method for etomidate anesthetic drug analysis and drug extraction and ion mobility spectrometry technology in the medical field. The device and the method are simple, convenient, rapid, efficient, stable and reliable, and can be used for clinic. The established qualitative and quantitative analysis method meets the analysis range of the clinical administration concentration of the anesthetized patient by a doctor, and the device and the method have important clinical application value. The research and development of the method promote innovation technology and innovation theory in the field of intravenous anesthesia drug analysis and detection, and the method is the only key technology for realizing accurate anesthesia and safe intravenous anesthesia.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of acetone concentration versus reagent ion peak migration time;
FIG. 3 is a qualitative ion mobility analysis plot of 5ppm etomidate in positive ion mode according to the method of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a standard curve for quantitative analysis of etomidate at different concentrations in positive ion mode according to the method of the present invention;
in the figure, 1 is a pulse valve, 2 is a halogen lamp thermal analysis module component, 3 is an ion mobility spectrometry ion mobility tube detector, 4 is a signal amplifier, 5 is a signal processing converter, 6 is a signal output PC, and 7 is a chemical dopant device.
Detailed Description
The halogen lamp-heated thermal desorption sample injector used in the present invention is the same as the halogen lamp-heated thermal desorption sample injector reported in patent No. 201210563261.5.
The ion mobility spectrometer for detecting etomidate in blood mainly comprises the following parts: the device comprises a halogen lamp and pulse valve combined type sample introduction device, an ion migration tube with a VUV ionization source, and a gas circuit control and signal receiving and detecting system. The positive ion mode high pressure source, the migration tube temperature was kept at 90 deg.C during the experiment, the drift gas (air) flow rate was 400sccm, and the carrier gas (air) flow rate was 300 sccm.
Some experimental spectra are given in fig. 1-4 to illustrate the present invention.
The device comprises a pulse valve 1, a halogen lamp thermal analysis component 2, an ion mobility spectrometry ion mobility tube detector 3, a signal amplifier 4, a signal processing converter 5, a signal output PC 6 and a chemical dopant device 7, wherein blood to be measured enters the halogen lamp thermal analysis component 2 for thermal analysis, components after thermal analysis are carried into the ion mobility spectrometry ion mobility tube detector 3 by pulse carrier gas, and chemical dopants in the chemical dopant device 7 are carried into the ion mobility spectrometry ion mobility tube detector 3 by drift gas; the signal output end of the ion mobility spectrometry ion mobility tube detector 3 is sequentially connected with a signal amplifier 4, a signal processing converter 5 and a signal output PC 6.
Example 1
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between acetone concentration and the migration time of reagent ion peak;
qualitative analysis was performed based on the mobility calculated by migration time of ion mobility spectrometry. As shown in fig. 2, when the acetone concentration was varied, the corresponding migration time was different. The change in acetone concentration is achieved by changing the acetone reagent ion peak signal intensity. The figure is adjusted for 6 acetone concentrations, corresponding to different acetone migration time. The 1 st acetone concentration, the acetone reagent ion peak migration time is 5.80 ms; the 6 th acetone concentration and the acetone reagent ion peak migration time are different at 6.44ms, and the acetone migration time is different, so that the separation from the peak of the etomidate peak is facilitated.
Example 2
FIG. 3 shows the qualitative ion mobility analysis of 5ppm etomidate in positive ion mode for the method of the present invention.
The device and the method have the advantages that the temperature of the migration tube is 90 ℃, the flow rate of the floating gas (air) is 400sccm, the flow rate of the carrier gas (air) is 300sccm, and the halogen lamp illuminates for 20S; adjusting the concentration of acetone to control the peak migration time of the acetone reagent ion to be 5.80ms, controlling the peak migration time of the etomidate monomer to be 9.60ms, and carrying out qualitative analysis by taking the peak migration time as a standard in subsequent tests.
Example 3
FIG. 4 shows a standard curve for quantitative analysis of etomidate at different concentrations in positive ion mode according to the method of the present invention;
the device and the method have the advantages that the temperature of the migration tube is 90 ℃, the flow rate of the floating gas (air) is 400sccm, the flow rate of the carrier gas (air) is 300sccm, and the halogen lamp illuminates for 20S; under the positive ion mode, an ion migration spectrogram 30S is continuously collected according to the migration time of etomidate, and a standard curve equation is established by taking the blood concentration as the abscissa and the sum of the peak areas of thermal analysis signal spectra as the ordinate. As shown in fig. 4, the standard curve equation is Y1381.64 × X +1326.22, and the correlation coefficient R2>0.99. The established qualitative and quantitative analysis method meets the analysis range of the doctor on the human body administration concentration of the anesthesia patient.
The signal peak of the etomidate drug in the blood sample to be detected is determined according to the signal peak migration time obtained by etomidate drug detection, and the maximum signal intensity sum is substituted into a standard curve equation, so that the content of the etomidate drug in the blood can be further determined.
Comparative example 1
Selecting the consistent parameters: the temperature of the migration tube is 90 ℃, the flow rate of the floating gas (air) is 400sccm, the flow rate of the carrier gas (air) is 300sccm, and the halogen lamp illuminates for 20S; according to the device and the method, the etomidate drug analysis and detection sensitivity can reach 0.01 mu g/ml; in the case of conventional devices and methods (pulse valve removed, acetone bubble connected in carrier gas), the etomidate drug assay detection sensitivity was 0.1 μ g/ml. Therefore, the device and the method can improve the sensitivity of etomidate drug analysis and detection by 10 times.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an etomidate blood concentration detection device in art which characterized in that: the device comprises a halogen lamp thermal analysis component, an ion mobility spectrometry ion mobility tube detector, a chemical doping agent device, a signal amplifier, a signal processing converter and a signal output PC (personal computer), wherein a blood sample to be detected enters the halogen lamp thermal analysis component for thermal analysis, and a gas-phase component after thermal analysis is carried into the ion mobility spectrometry ion mobility tube detector by a pulse carrier gas; chemical dopant in the chemical dopant device is brought into the ion mobility spectrometry ion mobility tube detector by drift gas; and the signal output end of the ion mobility spectrometry ion mobility tube detector is sequentially connected with a signal amplifier, a signal processing converter and a signal output PC.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pulsed carrier gas enters the halogen lamp thermal desorption assembly through a pulse valve; the pulse frequency of the pulse carrier gas is 0.01-0.02 s; the flow rate of the pulse carrier gas is 200-300 sccm.
3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the pulse carrier gas and the floating gas are purified air.
4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the halogen lamp thermal resolution assembly has a halogen lamp illumination time of 10-20 seconds; the pressure of the carrier gas source is 0.5-1 MPa.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the halogen lamp thermal desorption assembly comprises a sample carrier, wherein the sample carrier is a metal aluminum foil; the thermal analysis circular area of the sample injection slide is provided with mutually vertical scratches or circular spiral grooves.
6. A method for measuring blood etomidate concentration during operation, which comprises the following steps of using the device of any one of claims 1-5:
(1) carrying out sample rapid pretreatment on whole blood, and extracting etomidate medicine from the whole blood by using an extracting agent;
(2) the extractant containing etomidate medicine after pretreatment in the step (1) enters the halogen lamp thermal analysis component, the halogen lamp thermal analysis component and the pulse valve are sequentially started, carrier gas carrying sample gas enters the ion mobility spectrometry ion mobility tube detector, moves with chemical dopant gas flow carried by opposite drift gas under a high-voltage electric field, passes through a signal amplifier and a signal processing converter, and is automatically collected by a signal output PC (personal computer) for time stop, and then the halogen lamp thermal analysis component and the pulse valve are closed;
(3) and recording the ion mobility spectrometry spectrum by a signal output PC machine.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: the chemical dopant is acetone.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein: the pretreatment in the step (1) is a rapid solvent extraction pretreatment method, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting carbon tetrachloride as extractant, and performing vortex extraction and centrifugal extraction for 1-3 min; the volume ratio of the extracting agent to the whole blood is 1:1-2: 1.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein: the collection time of the thermal analysis signal spectrum peak is within 30S; the data acquisition process comprises the steps of acquiring 1-3S blanks, and then sequentially starting the halogen lamp and the pulse valve, wherein the starting time of the halogen lamp is less than the starting time of the pulse valve.
10. The method of claim 6, wherein: the analysis detection limit of the method can reach 0.01 mu g/ml; the linear range is 0.1-10. mu.g/ml.
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Application publication date: 20210604 |