CN112903313B - Stability test method for heavy-duty car braking system - Google Patents
Stability test method for heavy-duty car braking system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a stability test method for a heavy-duty car braking system, which comprises the following steps: s1, preparing instruments required by a test: the system comprises a weather instrument, a speedometer, a data acquisition system, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a gyroscope and a mass center platform; s2, testing conditions and related requirements of a test vehicle; s3, typical downhill braking stability test; s4, an emergency braking test. The stability test method is used for a heavy-duty car braking system in combination with a weather meter, a speedometer, a data acquisition system, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a gyroscope and a mass center platform, is used for a special test for the braking stability of the heavy-duty car on a long downhill and a flat road in the test process, and is used for obtaining test data of a more comprehensive system through strict control of various parameters in the test process, so that the stability test method is more scientific and reasonable for later evaluation of the braking system of the heavy-duty car.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automobile testing methods, in particular to a method for testing stability of a heavy-duty automobile braking system.
Background
The existing test method is very primary, mainly tests the braking distance and the braking time, cannot objectively, truly and effectively evaluate the performance of the whole vehicle braking system, and has great limitation. Along with the continuous improvement of the braking requirements of the automobile, particularly the heavy-duty automobile, no complete and scientific testing method system exists at present, and the evaluation of the braking system of the heavy-duty automobile is not scientific and reasonable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a scientific, reasonable and perfect method for testing the stability of a heavy-duty car braking system.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a stability test method for a heavy-duty car brake system comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing instruments required by a test: the system comprises a weather instrument, a speedometer, a data acquisition system, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a gyroscope and a mass center platform; the speedometer is arranged on a longitudinal symmetrical plane of the heavy vehicle, and the gyroscope is arranged close to the mass center;
s2, testing conditions and related requirements of a test vehicle;
s2-1, test road
S2-1-1, a long downhill test road, wherein the length is not less than 5000m, the average width is not less than 5m, the average gradient is not less than 10%, and the road surface is clean and dry;
s2-1-2, flattening a test road, wherein the length is not less than 2000m, the width is not less than 6m, the longitudinal gradient is not more than 1%, the transverse gradient is not more than 2%, and the road surface is clean and dry;
s2-2, meteorological Condition
Atmospheric pressure is 80-110 kPa, wind speed is less than 5m/s, and air temperature is 5-35 ℃;
s2-3, test vehicle and load
S2-3-1, testing a vehicle braking system, wherein the test vehicle braking system is a qualified product meeting the technical requirements of the product;
s2-3-2, wherein the driving distance of the test vehicle is less than 2000km, and the tire pressure is the cold inflation pressure recommended by the test vehicle manufacturer;
s2-3-3, wherein the test vehicle is in a rated full-load state specified by a manufacturer, loads are uniformly distributed and fixed, so that no load transfer occurs in the test, the test vehicle is weighed by a weighing device, and the wheel load difference ratio of each axle is ensured to be no more than 5%; measuring the wheel base among the shafts, measuring the wheel base of each shaft, and measuring the mass center position of the vehicle;
s2-3-4, the test vehicle should run in the brake;
s3, typical downhill braking stability test;
s3-1, starting and accelerating the test vehicle to 30 km/h-32 km/h on a road with a relatively flat slope top, stabilizing the vehicle speed for at least 5 seconds, then disconnecting the engine, performing emergency braking until the test vehicle stops when the speed is 30km/h +/-0.2 km/h, and recording test data;
s3-2, performing long-distance downhill running on the test vehicle, controlling the speed of the vehicle to be 30+/-5 km/h, ensuring that the speed of an engine does not exceed the rated speed specified by a manufacturer by using a gear of a transmission, and recording test data;
s3-3, terminating the test when one of the following conditions occurs in the test process: the temperature of the brake drum (disc) exceeds 400 ℃; the transverse acceleration is greater than 1m/s2; the speed of the vehicle cannot be controlled at 30+/-5 km/h; the air pressure of the braking system is lower than 500kPa;
s3-4, after the downhill test is finished, the test vehicle starts rapidly and accelerates to the speed of 30 km/h-32 km/h on a relatively flat road at the bottom of the slope and stabilizes for at least 5 seconds, then the engine is disconnected, emergency braking is carried out until the test vehicle stops when the speed of 30km/h +/-0.2 km/h, and test data are recorded;
s3-5, the measurement record at least comprises full average deceleration, initial braking speed, final braking speed, temperature of a brake drum (disc), air pressure change of an air storage cylinder, air pressure and temperature of tires before and after a test, time of each braking, time interval, longitudinal inclination angle of a vehicle, transverse inclination angle of the vehicle and transverse acceleration;
s4, emergency braking test
S4-1, starting and accelerating the test vehicle on a flat road to a speed of 60 km/h-62 km/h, stabilizing for at least 5 seconds, disconnecting the engine, performing emergency braking when the speed of 60km/h +/-0.2 km/h until the test vehicle stops, and recording test data;
s4-2, rapidly starting and accelerating the test vehicle to a speed of 60 km/h-62 km/h on a flat road, stabilizing for at least 5 seconds, and disconnecting the engine; when the speed of the vehicle is 60km/h plus or minus 0.2km/h, emergency braking is carried out until the speed reaches 30km/h plus or minus 5km/h, emergency braking is released, the speed of the test vehicle is rapidly accelerated to 60 km/h-62 km/h and stabilized for at least 5 seconds, the emergency braking is repeatedly carried out for 50 times, and the gear of the transmission used is required to ensure that the engine speed does not exceed the rated speed specified by manufacturers;
s4-3, in 50 emergency braking tests, stopping the test when one of the following conditions occurs: the braking distance is more than 36m; the temperature of the brake drum (disc) exceeds 400 ℃; deviation from 3.5m wide lane; the transverse acceleration is greater than 1m/s2; the brake system air pressure is lower than 500kPa;
s4-4, after 50 times of emergency braking tests are finished, the test vehicle is rapidly accelerated to a speed of 60 km/h-62 km/h on a flat road and stabilized for at least 5 seconds, the engine is disconnected, emergency braking is carried out until the test vehicle stops when 60km/h +/-0.2 km/h, and test data are recorded;
s4-5, the measurement record at least comprises the fully issued average deceleration, the initial braking speed, the final braking speed, the temperature of a brake drum (disc), the air pressure change of an air storage cylinder, the air pressure and the temperature of tires before and after the test, the time of each braking, the time interval, the longitudinal inclination angle of the vehicle, the transverse inclination angle of the vehicle and the transverse acceleration.
As a preferable aspect of the foregoing aspect, in step S1, a measurement range of the weather meter is: temperature: -10-60 ℃; humidity: 0% RH to 100% RH; atmospheric pressure: 300 hPa-1200 hPa; wind speed: 0.4 m/s-25 m/s; maximum error of the weather instrument: temperature: (+ -0.1 ℃; humidity: + -0.1%; atmospheric pressure 0.1hPa; wind speed: 0.1m/s.
Further preferably, in the step S1, a measurement range of the speedometer is: 0km/h to 220km/h; maximum error of speedometer: speed 0.1km/h; speed output frequency: 200Hz; the output mode is as follows: CAN, pulse.
Further preferably, in the step S1, the data acquisition system adopts 24 paths of extensible analog channel numbers, 16 paths of extensible digital quantity input and 2 paths of extensible CAN interfaces; operating temperature: -10-55 ℃; channel accuracy: 0.1%;
single channel highest sampling frequency: 100kHz; single channel AD is 24bit.
Further preferably, in the step S1, the measurement range of the pressure sensor is 0bar to 15bar; combining nonlinearity + hysteresis: 0.5% fsmax; long-term stability: 0.5% FS/year type.
Further preferably, in the step S1, the measurement range of the temperature sensor is-41 ℃ to 1000 ℃; maximum error of temperature sensor ± 1.5 ℃.
Further preferably, in the step S1, the gyroscope adopts high-performance nine-vector attitude measurement, and all signals are output at 200Hz; acceleration range: 18g; angular velocity range: 300 DEG/s; acceleration accuracy: 0.1m/s2; angular velocity accuracy: 0.1 °/s; angular accuracy: 0.1 °; speed accuracy: 0.1km/h.
Further preferably, in the step S1, the mesa size of the centroid platform is 12×3.3m; weighing range: 0-40000 kg; angular range: 0-50 degrees; weight accuracy: 5kg; angular precision: 0.5 deg..
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the stability test method is used for a heavy-duty car braking system in combination with a weather meter, a speedometer, a data acquisition system, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a gyroscope and a mass center platform, is used for a special test for the braking stability of the heavy-duty car on a long downhill and a flat road in the test process, and is used for obtaining test data of a more comprehensive system through strict control of various parameters in the test process, so that the stability of the heavy-duty car braking system is evaluated later, and is more scientific and reasonable.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
a stability test method for a heavy-duty car brake system comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing instruments required by a test: the system comprises a weather instrument, a speedometer, a data acquisition system, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a gyroscope and a mass center platform; the speedometer is arranged on a longitudinal symmetrical plane of the heavy vehicle, and the gyroscope is arranged close to the mass center;
the measuring range of the weather instrument is as follows: temperature: -10-60 ℃; humidity: 0% RH to 100% RH; atmospheric pressure: 300 hPa-1200 hPa; wind speed: 0.4 m/s-25 m/s;
maximum error of the weather instrument: temperature: (+ -0.1 ℃; humidity: + -0.1%; atmospheric pressure 0.1hPa; wind speed: 0.1m/s.
The measuring range of the speedometer is as follows: 0km/h to 220km/h; maximum error of speedometer: speed 0.1km/h; speed output frequency: 200Hz; the output mode is as follows: CAN, pulse.
The data acquisition system adopts 24 paths of extensible analog channel numbers, 16 paths of extensible digital quantity input and 2 paths of extensible CAN interfaces; operating temperature: -10-55 ℃; channel accuracy: 0.1%;
single channel highest sampling frequency: 100kHz; single channel AD is 24bit.
The measuring range of the pressure sensor is 0 bar-15 bar; combining nonlinearity + hysteresis: 0.5% fsmax; long-term stability: 0.5% FS/year type.
The measuring range of the temperature sensor is-41-1000 ℃; maximum error of temperature sensor ± 1.5 ℃.
The gyroscope adopts high-performance nine-vector attitude measurement, and all signals are output at 200Hz; acceleration range: 18g; angular velocity range: 300 DEG/s; acceleration accuracy: 0.1m/s2; angular velocity accuracy: 0.1 °/s; angular accuracy: 0.1 °; speed accuracy: 0.1km/h.
The mesa size of the centroid platform is 12×3.3m; weighing range: 0-40000 kg; angular range: 0-50 degrees; weight accuracy: 5kg; angular precision: 0.5 deg..
As shown in table 1.
Table 1 measuring instrument measuring range and maximum error
S2, testing conditions and related requirements of a test vehicle;
s2-1, test road
S2-1-1, a long downhill test road, wherein the length is not less than 5000m, the average width is not less than 5m, the average gradient is not less than 10%, and the road surface is clean and dry;
s2-1-2, flattening a test road, wherein the length is not less than 2000m, the width is not less than 6m, the longitudinal gradient is not more than 1%, the transverse gradient is not more than 2%, and the road surface is clean and dry;
s2-2, meteorological Condition
Atmospheric pressure is 80-110 kPa, wind speed is less than 5m/s, and air temperature is 5-35 ℃;
s2-3, test vehicle and load
S2-3-1, testing a vehicle braking system, wherein the test vehicle braking system is a qualified product meeting the technical requirements of the product;
s2-3-2, wherein the driving distance of the test vehicle is less than 2000km, and the tire pressure is the cold inflation pressure recommended by the test vehicle manufacturer;
s2-3-3, wherein the test vehicle is in a rated full-load state specified by a manufacturer, loads are uniformly distributed and fixed, so that no load transfer occurs in the test, the test vehicle is weighed by a weighing device, and the wheel load difference ratio of each axle is ensured to be no more than 5%; measuring the wheel base among the shafts, measuring the wheel base of each shaft, and measuring the mass center position of the vehicle;
s2-3-4, the test vehicle should run in the brake;
s3, typical downhill braking stability test;
s3-1, starting and accelerating the test vehicle to 30 km/h-32 km/h on a road with a relatively flat slope top, stabilizing the vehicle speed for at least 5 seconds, then disconnecting the engine, performing emergency braking until the test vehicle stops when the speed is 30km/h +/-0.2 km/h, and recording test data;
s3-2, performing long-distance downhill running on the test vehicle, controlling the speed of the vehicle to be 30+/-5 km/h, ensuring that the speed of an engine does not exceed the rated speed specified by a manufacturer by using a gear of a transmission, and recording test data;
s3-3, terminating the test when one of the following conditions occurs in the test process: the temperature of the brake drum (disc) exceeds 400 ℃; the transverse acceleration is greater than 1m/s2; the speed of the vehicle cannot be controlled at 30+/-5 km/h; the air pressure of the braking system is lower than 500kPa;
s3-4, after the downhill test is finished, the test vehicle starts rapidly and accelerates to the speed of 30 km/h-32 km/h on a relatively flat road at the bottom of the slope and stabilizes for at least 5 seconds, then the engine is disconnected, emergency braking is carried out until the test vehicle stops when the speed of 30km/h +/-0.2 km/h, and test data are recorded;
s3-5, the measurement record at least comprises the fully issued average deceleration, the initial braking speed, the final braking speed, the temperature of a brake drum (disc), the air pressure change of an air storage cylinder, the air pressure and the temperature of tires before and after the test, the time of each braking, the time interval, the longitudinal inclination angle of the vehicle, the transverse inclination angle of the vehicle and the transverse acceleration.
S4, emergency braking test
S4-1, starting and accelerating the test vehicle on a flat road to a speed of 60 km/h-62 km/h, stabilizing for at least 5 seconds, disconnecting the engine, performing emergency braking when the speed of 60km/h +/-0.2 km/h until the test vehicle stops, and recording test data;
s4-2, rapidly starting and accelerating the test vehicle to a speed of 60 km/h-62 km/h on a flat road, stabilizing for at least 5 seconds, and disconnecting the engine; when the speed of the vehicle is 60km/h plus or minus 0.2km/h, emergency braking is carried out until the speed reaches 30km/h plus or minus 5km/h, emergency braking is released, the speed of the test vehicle is rapidly accelerated to 60 km/h-62 km/h and stabilized for at least 5 seconds, the emergency braking is repeatedly carried out for 50 times, and the gear of the transmission used is required to ensure that the engine speed does not exceed the rated speed specified by manufacturers;
s4-3, in 50 emergency braking tests, stopping the test when one of the following conditions occurs: the braking distance is more than 36m; the temperature of the brake drum (disc) exceeds 400 ℃; deviation from 3.5m wide lane; the transverse acceleration is greater than 1m/s2; the brake system air pressure is lower than 500kPa;
s4-4, after 50 times of emergency braking tests are finished, the test vehicle is rapidly accelerated to a speed of 60 km/h-62 km/h on a flat road and stabilized for at least 5 seconds, the engine is disconnected, emergency braking is carried out until the test vehicle stops when 60km/h +/-0.2 km/h, and test data are recorded;
s4-5, the measurement record at least comprises the fully issued average deceleration, the initial braking speed, the final braking speed, the temperature of a brake drum (disc), the air pressure change of an air storage cylinder, the air pressure and the temperature of tires before and after the test, the time of each braking, the time interval, the longitudinal inclination angle of the vehicle, the transverse inclination angle of the vehicle and the transverse acceleration. Description of technical terms:
(1) Longitudinal tilt-the angle of pitch of the vehicle (angle of rotation about the y-axis).
(2) Lateral tilt-the angle of roll of the vehicle (angle of rotation about the x-axis).
(3) Longitudinal acceleration-acceleration in the direction of travel of the vehicle.
(4) Lateral acceleration—the component of the vehicle centroid (or sprung mass) acceleration vector along the y-axis.
(5) Emergency braking-the vehicle encounters an emergency situation during travel, and the driver rapidly actuates the brake pedal to stop the vehicle.
(6) Braking distance-the distance a vehicle travels from when the foot contacts the brake pedal (or hand touches the brake handle) to when the vehicle is stopped when the vehicle is suddenly braked at a prescribed initial speed.
(7) Wheel load difference ratio-the ratio of the absolute value of the difference between the load-bearing masses of the left and right wheels on the same axle to half of the axle load.
The brake stability test record table A1, the brake stability data analysis table A2, and the brake stability data analysis table A3 are shown below.
A1 brake stability test record table
A2 brake stability data analysis table
A3 brake stability data analysis table
Claims (8)
1. The stability test method for the heavy-duty car braking system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing instruments required by a test: the system comprises a weather instrument, a speedometer, a data acquisition system, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a gyroscope and a mass center platform; the speedometer is arranged on a longitudinal symmetrical plane of the heavy vehicle, and the gyroscope is arranged close to the mass center;
s2, testing conditions and related requirements of a test vehicle;
s2-1, test road
S2-1-1, a long downhill test road, wherein the length is not less than 5000m, the average width is not less than 5m, the average gradient is not less than 10%, and the road surface is clean and dry;
s2-1-2, flattening a test road, wherein the length is not less than 2000m, the width is not less than 6m, the longitudinal gradient is not more than 1%, the transverse gradient is not more than 2%, and the road surface is clean and dry;
s2-2, meteorological Condition
Atmospheric pressure is 80-110 kPa, wind speed is less than 5m/s, and air temperature is 5-35 ℃;
s2-3, test vehicle and load
S2-3-1, testing a vehicle braking system, wherein the test vehicle braking system is a qualified product meeting the technical requirements of the product;
s2-3-2, wherein the driving distance of the test vehicle is less than 2000km, and the tire pressure is the cold inflation pressure recommended by the test vehicle manufacturer;
s2-3-3, wherein the test vehicle is in a rated full-load state specified by a manufacturer, loads are uniformly distributed and fixed, so that no load transfer occurs in the test, the test vehicle is weighed by a weighing device, and the wheel load difference ratio of each axle is ensured to be no more than 5%; measuring the wheel base among the shafts, measuring the wheel base of each shaft, and measuring the mass center position of the vehicle;
s2-3-4, the test vehicle should run in the brake;
s3, typical downhill braking stability test;
s3-1, starting and accelerating the test vehicle to a vehicle speed of 30 km/h-32 km/h on a road with a relatively flat slope top and stabilizing for at least 5 seconds, then disconnecting the engine, performing emergency braking when the speed of 30km/h +/-0.2 km/h until the test vehicle stops, and recording test data;
s3-2, performing long-distance downhill running on the test vehicle, controlling the speed of the vehicle to be 30+/-5 km/h, ensuring that the speed of an engine does not exceed the rated speed specified by a manufacturer by using a gear of a transmission, and recording test data;
s3-3, terminating the test when one of the following conditions occurs in the test process: the temperature of the brake drum or disc exceeds 400 ℃; lateral acceleration greater than 1m/s 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The speed of the vehicle cannot be controlled at 30+/-5 km/h; the brake system air pressure is lower than 500kPa;
s3-4, after the downhill test is finished, the test vehicle starts rapidly and accelerates to 30km/h 32km/h on a relatively flat road at the bottom of the slope and stabilizes for at least 5 seconds, then the engine is disconnected, emergency braking is carried out until the test vehicle stops at 30km/h +/-0.2 km/h, and test data are recorded;
s3-5, the measurement record at least comprises full average deceleration, initial braking speed, final braking speed, temperature of a brake drum or a brake disc, air pressure change of an air storage cylinder, air pressure and temperature of tires before and after a test, time of each braking, time interval, longitudinal inclination angle of a vehicle, transverse inclination angle of the vehicle and transverse acceleration;
s4, emergency braking test
S4-1, starting and accelerating the test vehicle to a vehicle speed of 60 km/h-62 km/h on a flat road, stabilizing for at least 5 seconds, disconnecting the engine, performing emergency braking when the speed of 60km/h +/-0.2 km/h until the test vehicle stops, and recording test data;
s4-2, rapidly starting and accelerating the test vehicle to a speed of 60 km/h-62 km/h on a flat road and stabilizing for at least 5 seconds, and disconnecting the engine; when the speed of the vehicle is 60 km/h+/-0.2 km/h, emergency braking is carried out until the speed reaches 30 km/h+/-5 km/h to release the emergency braking, the speed of the test vehicle is quickly accelerated to-62 km/h and stabilized for at least 5 seconds, the emergency braking is repeatedly carried out for 50 times, and the gear of the transmission is used for ensuring that the engine speed does not exceed the rated speed specified by the manufacturer;
s4-3, in 50 emergency braking tests, stopping the test when one of the following conditions occurs: the braking distance is more than 36m; the temperature of the brake drum or disc exceeds 400 ℃; deviation from 3.5m wide lane; lateral acceleration greater than 1m/s 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The brake system air pressure is lower than 500kPa;
s4-4, after 50 emergency braking tests are finished, the test vehicle is rapidly accelerated to a speed of 60 km/h-62 km/h on a flat road and stabilized for at least 5 seconds, the engine is disconnected, emergency braking is carried out until the test vehicle stops when 60km/h +/-0.2 km/h, and test data are recorded;
s4-5, the measurement record at least comprises the fully issued average deceleration of each braking, the initial braking speed, the final braking speed, the temperature of a brake drum or a brake disc, the air pressure change of an air storage cylinder, the air pressure and the temperature of tires before and after a test, and the time, the time interval, the longitudinal inclination angle, the transverse inclination angle and the transverse acceleration of each braking.
2. The method for testing the stability of a brake system of a heavy-duty car according to claim 1, wherein: in step S1, the measurement range of the weather meter is: temperature: -10 ℃ to 60 ℃; humidity: 0% RH-100% RH; atmospheric pressure: 300 hPa-1200 hPa; wind speed: 0.4 m/s-25 m/s;
maximum error of the weather instrument: temperature: (+ -0.1 ℃; humidity: + -0.1%; atmospheric pressure 0.1hPa; wind speed: 0.1m/s.
3. The method for testing the stability of a brake system of a heavy-duty car according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the measuring range of the speedometer is: 0 km/h-220 km/h; maximum error of speedometer: speed 0.1km/h; speed output frequency: 200Hz; the output mode is as follows: CAN, pulse.
4. The method for testing the stability of a brake system of a heavy-duty car according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the data acquisition system adopts 24 paths of extensible analog channel numbers, 16 paths of extensible digital quantity input and 2 paths of extensible CAN interfaces; operating temperature: -10-55 ℃; channel accuracy: 0.1%;
single channel highest sampling frequency: 100kHz; single channel AD is 24bit.
5. The method for testing the stability of a brake system of a heavy-duty car according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the measuring range of the pressure sensor is 0 bar-15 bar; combining nonlinearity + hysteresis: 0.5% fsmax; long-term stability: 0.5% FS/year type.
6. The method for testing the stability of a brake system of a heavy-duty car according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the measurement range of the temperature sensor is-41-1000 ℃; maximum error of temperature sensor ± 1.5 ℃.
7. The method for testing the stability of a brake system of a heavy-duty car according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, a gyroscope adopts high-performance nine-vector attitude measurement, and all signals are output at 200Hz; acceleration range: 18g; angular velocity range: 300 DEG/s; acceleration accuracy: 0.1m/s 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Angular velocity accuracy: 0.1 °/s; angular accuracy: 0.1 °; speed accuracy: 0.1km/h.
8. The method for testing the stability of a brake system of a heavy-duty car according to claim 1, wherein: in the step S1, the table surface size of the mass center platform is 12 multiplied by 3.3m; weighing range: 0-40000 kg; angular range: 0-50 degrees; weight accuracy: 5kg; angular precision: 0.5 deg..
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| CN113834597B (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2024-03-26 | 中国汽车工程研究院股份有限公司 | Measurement and data processing method for BTV of commercial vehicle disc brake assembly |
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