CN112903302A - CMC flame tube test box and test method thereof - Google Patents
CMC flame tube test box and test method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112903302A CN112903302A CN202110085156.4A CN202110085156A CN112903302A CN 112903302 A CN112903302 A CN 112903302A CN 202110085156 A CN202110085156 A CN 202110085156A CN 112903302 A CN112903302 A CN 112903302A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M15/00—Testing of engines
- G01M15/14—Testing gas-turbine engines or jet-propulsion engines
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Abstract
The invention discloses a CMC flame tube test box device, which can well simulate the working conditions in a CMC flame tube: the low-temperature and high-temperature air flows form a strong backflow area through the box body of the test box, and the air flow and the temperature distribution condition around the CMC flame tube during working are well simulated; the invention can be varied in a number of ways: the gas impact condition inside combustion chambers of different models can be simulated by replacing detachable high-temperature gas inlet ducts with different angles and calibers. Different working conditions of the CMC flame tube can be simulated by changing parameters such as temperature, speed, pressure and the like of the inlet air. The cooling efficiency and the like of the air film holes can be tested by changing the shape, the distribution and the like of the air film holes on the test piece; the invention can measure various physical quantities: the temperature distribution on the surface of the flame tube can be measured by a thermal infrared imager; speckle can be sprayed on the surface of the test piece, strain distribution of the test piece is measured through the DIC measuring system, periodic thermal load can be applied to the test piece, and damage conditions of the test piece are observed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aero-engine tests, in particular to a CMC flame tube test box and a test method thereof.
Background
The temperature before the turbine of the aircraft engine is continuously raised on a road which seeks high performance, and the requirements on high-temperature strength, corrosion resistance, oxidation resistance and the like of hot-end component materials are increasingly stringent. The thrust-weight ratio of the next generation military engine is stated to reach 15-20, and the turbine front temperature of the engine reaches 2200K. This presents a significant challenge to the selection and design of an aircraft engine combustor liner. Compared with high-temperature alloy, the Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) has the excellent performances of high temperature resistance, low density, metallic fracture behavior, insensitivity to cracks, no catastrophic damage and the like. If the Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC) flame tube can be used in an engine combustion chamber, the cold air can be saved, and the large-scale weight reduction is facilitated, so that the total pressure ratio is improved, and the indexes of further improving the working temperature by 400-500 ℃ and reducing the structural weight by 50-70% on the basis of high-temperature alloy temperature resistance are realized. Extensive testing is required due to the complex damage mechanisms of CMC flameholders, difficulty in close-looking modeling, and the close correlation of lifetime with environmental barrier coatings.
Although there are currently trials on flares, current flares have certain limitations. Some test devices verify the service life of the flame tube by directly spraying flame to the wall surface of the flame tube, some test devices place a test piece in the atmosphere of high-temperature airflow, but the incoming flow direction of the test piece is greatly different from that of the actual flame tube, and the environment simulated by the test devices is greatly different from the flow field and temperature distribution of the actual flame tube. Some test devices select a periodic model of a combustion chamber for establishment, but the method has high cost, high test difficulty and poor universality of the device.
The invention provides a CMC flame tube test box which can well simulate the actual working conditions in a CMC flame tube: two air flows entering through the high-temperature air inlet and the low-temperature duct air inlet form backflow in the high-temperature duct, and the air flow and the temperature distribution condition around the CMC flame tube during working are well simulated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a CMC flame tube test box and further provides a test method of the CMC flame tube test box, which can well simulate the actual working conditions in a CMC flame tube: two air flows entering through the high-temperature air inlet and the low-temperature duct air inlet form backflow in the high-temperature duct, and the air flow and the temperature distribution condition around the CMC flame tube during working are well simulated. The invention has the advantages of good simulation effect, capability of changing various variables and lower manufacturing cost of the test piece.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a CMC flame tube test box comprises a box body, a low-temperature duct and a high-temperature duct are arranged in the box body, one end of the low-temperature duct is a low-temperature duct air inlet, the other end of the low-temperature duct is connected with the high-temperature duct through a test piece taking and placing area, the high-temperature duct comprises a high-temperature air inlet and an air outlet, a high-temperature air inlet is connected with a detachable air flow regulator in a sealing mode, the test piece is fixedly installed on the test piece taking and placing area in a sealing mode, the low-temperature duct is separated from the high-temperature duct, the surface of the test piece is provided with an air film hole penetrating through the test piece, low-temperature air flow enters through the low-temperature duct air inlet, flows through the air film hole on the surface of the test piece and enters the high-temperature duct, the high-temperature air flow enters the high-temperature duct from the detachable air flow regulator, the strain reaction of the test piece surface under the action of high temperature can be observed through the quartz window.
Furthermore, the test piece is got and is put the district and run through the box upper and lower part, and the department of running through all seals with the apron, apron and box between still be provided with the ceramic base fiber gasket who is used for increasing the leakproofness, the apron surface is provided with the draw-in groove, the test piece presss from both sides and fixes in the draw-in groove of two upper and lower apron, test piece and draw-in groove lateral wall have the clearance.
Furthermore, the cover plate is made of high-temperature alloy materials and can bear the high temperature of 900 ℃.
Furthermore, the cross section size of the test piece is adaptive to the test piece taking and placing area, the test piece is paved by adopting multiple layers of CMC fiber cloth, and the air film hole has an inclination angle relative to the surface of the test piece.
Further, the high temperature air inlet is seted up on a side of box, and its bore size is less than the longitudinal section size of box, removable air flow regulator's main part be hollow cylinder, high temperature airflow channel is connected to hollow cylinder's one end, other end fixed connection flange, the flange back is provided with the lug of band-pass hole, the size and the high temperature air inlet of lug suit, removable air flow regulator and high temperature air inlet fixed sealing are connected when, lug and high temperature air inlet looks block, still are provided with ceramic matrix fiber gasket between flange and the box and increase the leakproofness.
Furthermore, the connection angle of the hollow cylinder and the flange is set according to the test requirements, the angle is 45-90 degrees, and the wall surface of the hollow cylinder is made of high-temperature alloy materials and can bear the high temperature of 1200 ℃.
Furthermore, the high-temperature alloy material of the wall surface of the hollow cylinder is GH 3044.
Furthermore, the wall surface of the box body of the CMC flame tube test box adopts a three-layer sandwich structure, the innermost layer is made of high-temperature alloy, the middle layer is made of heat insulation cotton, the outermost layer is made of austenitic stainless steel, and the material used in the innermost layer can bear the high temperature of 900 ℃.
Further, the low temperature duct air inlet is provided with the air inlet flange, and the air inlet flange is connected with low temperature airflow channel, and the gas vent sets up with high temperature air inlet opposite direction, and is provided with the gas vent flange, and the gas vent flange is connected with exhaust passage.
The invention also provides a test method of the CMC flame tube test box, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a proper test piece, setting the size, the hole interval and the inclination angle of the air film hole according to test requirements, and processing the surface of the test piece by adopting laser;
step two, the upper end of a test piece is fixedly connected with a clamping groove on the surface of a cover plate, a test piece taking and placing area is placed from the upper part of a box body, the lower end of the test piece is fixedly connected from the lower part of the box body by using another cover plate, a ceramic-based fiber gasket is placed between the two cover plates and the box body for sealing, and the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate are fixed on the box body by using screws;
thirdly, selecting a detachable airflow regulator with a proper caliber and an appropriate angle according to the test requirements, fixing the detachable airflow regulator on the high-temperature air inlet, sealing by adopting a ceramic-based fiber gasket, and fixing by using screws;
step four, the low-temperature airflow channel is connected with an air inlet flange, and the exhaust channel is connected with an exhaust port flange;
step five, the low-temperature airflow flows into the low-temperature duct through a low-temperature duct air inlet, flows out at a certain angle through an air film hole penetrating through the test piece, enters the high-temperature duct, flows into the high-temperature duct through the high-temperature air inlet through the detachable airflow regulator, acts on the surface of the test piece, the two airflows interact with each other, part of the airflow is discharged through an air outlet, part of the airflow forms backflow in the high-temperature duct, a backflow region of a real CMC flame tube is simulated, and the surface of the test piece is observed in real time through a quartz window to perform strain reaction under the action of the high-temperature airflow.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the CMC flame tube test box can well simulate the actual working conditions in the CMC flame tube: the low-temperature airflow flows into the low-temperature duct through the air inlet of the low-temperature duct, flows out at a certain angle through the test piece and enters the high-temperature duct; high-temperature airflow flows into the high-temperature duct through the high-temperature air inlet and acts on the surface of a test piece, the two airflows interact with each other to form a strong backflow area in the high-temperature duct, and airflow and temperature distribution conditions around the CMC flame tube during working are well simulated.
(2) The invention allows tests to be carried out which vary a number of variables: the gas impact conditions in combustion chambers of different types can be simulated by replacing detachable airflow regulators with different angles and calibers; different working conditions of the CMC flame tube can be simulated by changing parameters such as temperature, speed, pressure and the like of the inlet air. The cooling efficiency and the like of the air film holes can be tested by changing the shape, the distribution and the like of the air film holes on the test piece;
(3) the invention can measure various physical quantities: the temperature distribution of the surface of the flame tube can be measured through the thermal infrared imager, speckles can be sprayed on the surface of the test piece, strain distribution of the test piece is measured through the DIC measuring system, periodic thermal load can be applied to the test piece, and damage conditions of the test piece can be observed.
(4) The high-temperature air inlet and the detachable airflow regulator adopt a connecting structure of clamping the convex blocks, and the ceramic-based fiber gasket is added, so that the sealing performance of the high-temperature duct is better ensured, and the backflow effect of the airflow is enhanced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a view illustrating the structure of the present invention with the exhaust port as an angle;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of the present invention with the low temperature bypass inlet angled with respect to the high temperature inlet;
FIG. 3 is a top view of the present invention;
FIG. 4a is a front view of a removable flow regulator according to the present invention;
FIG. 4b is a rear view of the removable flow regulator of the present invention;
FIG. 5a is a view of the cover plate structure of the present invention;
FIG. 5b is a schematic view of a cover plate clamping test piece according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a view showing the structure of a test piece according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a center cross-sectional flow diagram of a CMC liner test chamber in an example;
FIG. 8 is a temperature cloud of the center section of a CMC combustor basket test chamber in an example;
FIG. 9 is a cloud chart of the wall temperature of the CMC liner test chamber in the example;
FIG. 10 is a cloud chart of the surface temperature of the test piece in the example;
wherein: 1-low temperature duct, 2-high temperature duct, 3-low temperature duct air inlet, 4-high temperature air inlet, 5-air outlet, 6-detachable airflow regulator, 7-test piece, 8-air film hole, 9-cover plate, 10-clamping groove, 11-quartz window, 12-flange, 13-bump, 14-air inlet flange and 15-air outlet flange.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
In this example, the test piece had circular air film holes with a diameter of 0.6mm, a hole pitch of 4mm, and an inclination angle of 45 °. The inlet parameters of the test chamber were as follows:
inlet parameters of test chamber
| Parameter name | High temperature air velocity (m/s) | Low temperature air velocity (m/s) | High temperature air flow temperature (K) | Low temperature gas flow temperature (K) | Inlet pressure (MPa) |
| Design value | 80 | 10 | 1400 | 800 | 3.0 |
For simplicity of calculation and rapidity of design, and without affecting reliability of design, the following assumptions are made:
1) looking air at ideal gas, and calculating density and pressure by adopting an ideal gas state equation in the calculation;
2) in the calculation, the diffusion process is considered adiabatic, so the total temperature is not changed.
The simulation results are as follows:
the flow field in the CMC flame tube test chamber is shown in figure 7, the airflow is divided into two flows into the test chamber, the high-temperature airflow enters from the detachable airflow regulator 6, impacts the surface of the test piece 7 at an angle of 30 degrees, then part of the airflow flows out from the air outlet 5, part of the airflow flows back to the high-temperature air inlet 4 through the high-temperature duct 2, and the airflow is continuously heated; the low-temperature air flow flows in from the low-temperature bypass air inlet 3 and flows out through the air film hole 8 of the test piece 7, and a cooling air film is formed on the surface of the test piece 7. It can be known from figure 7 that CMC flame tube proof box is separated for two spaces of low temperature duct and high temperature duct by testpieces 7, and two air currents of high temperature, low temperature interact in high temperature duct 2, can be so that the inside strong backward flow district that forms of high temperature duct 2, and the impact of high temperature air current and the low temperature air current that flows through testpieces 7 surface have further promoted the production of backward flow, and this backward flow district can heat for the air current gradually for the temperature distribution of air current is more close to with actual conditions.
As shown in fig. 8, the air entering from the low temperature duct air inlet 3 flows into the high temperature duct 2 from the lower part of the test piece 7 through the air film hole 8, and a thin air layer is formed on the surface of the test piece 7, so that the air layer can effectively reduce the heat convection coefficient between the high temperature air flow and the test piece 7, and isolate heat. The design of the box body enables the airflow to form a strong backflow area in the high-temperature duct 2 in the box body, the backflow area can stabilize the airflow flowing from the detachable airflow regulator 6, and the high-temperature airflow stably impacts the surface of the test piece 7 and cannot flow to the wall surface of the box body. The existence of the reflux zone enables the wall surface of the box body to keep a lower temperature, which can be obtained from a wall surface temperature cloud chart (figure 9) of the CMC flame tube test box, and the maximum temperature of the box body in the embodiment is 707 ℃ which is far less than the temperature limit of the box body at 900 ℃.
The temperature distribution of the surface of the test piece 7 is shown in FIG. 10. Because the highest temperature in the CMC flame tube exceeds 2000K and far exceeds the long-term use temperature of the ceramic matrix composite, low-temperature airflow needs to be introduced through the air film hole 8 for cooling, and the low-temperature airflow can form a layer of cooling air film on the surface of the test piece 7 for isolating high-temperature fuel gas. The temperature distribution on the surface of the test piece 7 is mainly affected by the impact of the high-temperature air flow flowing in from the high-temperature air inlet 4 and the cooling air film on the surface of the test piece 7. The average temperature of the surface of test piece 7 in this example was 911K. The highest temperature of 1174K occurs in the central region of high temperature gas stream impingement. As can be seen from fig. 10, the cooling effect is good and the temperature is low in the region near the film holes 8, while the temperature is high in the region between the film holes 8 because the cooling film is thin, which is consistent with the temperature distribution of the wall surface of the actual flame tube.
In conclusion, according to the simulation results, the average temperature of the surface of the test piece 7 in this example was 911K. The maximum temperature was 1174K. The temperature of the area near the film holes 8 is low, and the temperature of the area between the film holes 8 is high, which is consistent with the temperature distribution of the wall surface of the actual flame tube. The design of box makes the air current form strong backward flow district in box inside high temperature duct 2 region, and this backward flow district can heat up for the air current gradually for the temperature distribution of air current is closer to with actual conditions more. In addition, the backflow region can stabilize the airflow entering from the detachable airflow regulator 6, so that the high-temperature airflow stably impacts the surface of the test piece 7 and does not flow to the wall surface of the box body. It can be derived from the wall temperature cloud chart (fig. 9) of the CMC flame tube test chamber, in this embodiment, the maximum temperature of the chamber body is 707 ℃, which is much less than the 900 ℃ temperature limit of the chamber body.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a CMC flame tube proof box, includes the box, its characterized in that: establish low temperature duct (1) and high temperature duct (2) in the box, low temperature duct one end be low temperature duct air inlet (3), the other end is put the district through the test piece and is connected with high temperature duct (2), high temperature duct (2) include a high temperature air inlet (4) and an exhaust port (5), high temperature air inlet (4) sealing connection removable air flow regulator (6), test piece (7) sealed fixed mounting is on test piece is put the district, separate low temperature duct (1) and high temperature duct (2), test piece (7) surface be provided with air film hole (8) that run through test piece (7), low temperature air current gets into through low temperature duct air inlet (3), the air film hole (8) that flows through test piece (7) surface gets into high temperature duct (2), high temperature air current gets into high temperature duct (2) from removable air flow regulator (6) through high temperature air inlet (4), the device acts on the surface of a test piece (7), two air flows interact with each other, part of the air flow is discharged through the exhaust port (5), part of the air flow forms backflow in the high-temperature duct (2), the box body is provided with a quartz window (11), and strain reaction of the surface of the test piece (7) under the high-temperature action can be observed through the quartz window (11).
2. The CMC combustor basket test chamber of claim 1, wherein: the test piece is got and is put district and run through lower part on the box, and run through the department and all seal with apron (9), apron (9) and box between still be provided with the ceramic matrix fiber gasket who is used for increasing the leakproofness, apron (9) surface be provided with draw-in groove (10), test piece (7) clamp is fixed in draw-in groove (10) of two upper and lower apron (9), test piece (7) and draw-in groove (10) lateral wall have the clearance.
3. The CMC combustor basket test chamber of claim 2, wherein: the cover plate (9) is made of high-temperature alloy materials and can bear the high temperature of 900 ℃.
4. The CMC combustor basket test chamber of claim 1, wherein: the cross section size of the test piece (7) is adaptive to the test piece taking and placing area, the test piece (7) is paved by adopting multilayer CMC fiber cloth, and the air film hole (8) has an inclination angle relative to the surface of the test piece (7).
5. The CMC combustor basket test chamber of claim 1, wherein: high temperature air inlet (4) set up on a side of box, its bore size is less than the longitudinal section size of box, the main part of removable air flow regulator (6) be hollow cylinder, high temperature airflow channel is connected to hollow cylinder's one end, other end fixed connection flange (12), flange (12) the back be provided with lug (13) of band-pass hole, the size and high temperature air inlet (4) of lug (13) suit, when removable air flow regulator (6) and high temperature air inlet (4) fixed seal are connected, lug (13) and high temperature air inlet (4) looks block, still be provided with ceramic matrix fiber gasket between flange (12) and the box and increase the leakproofness.
6. The CMC combustor basket test chamber of claim 5, wherein: the connecting angle between the hollow cylinder and the flange (12) is set according to test requirements, the angle is 45-90 degrees, and the wall surface of the hollow cylinder is made of high-temperature alloy materials and can bear the high temperature of 1200 ℃.
7. The CMC combustor basket test chamber of claim 6, wherein: the high-temperature alloy material on the wall surface of the hollow cylinder is GH 3044.
8. The CMC combustor basket test chamber of claim 1, wherein: the wall surface of the box body of the CMC flame tube test box adopts a three-layer sandwich structure, the innermost layer is made of high-temperature alloy, the middle layer is made of heat-insulating cotton, the outermost layer is made of austenitic stainless steel, and the material used in the innermost layer can bear the high temperature of 900 ℃.
9. The CMC combustor basket test chamber of claim 1, wherein: the low-temperature ducted air inlet (3) is provided with an air inlet flange (14), the air inlet flange (14) is connected with a low-temperature airflow channel, the exhaust port (5) is arranged in the direction opposite to that of the high-temperature air inlet (4) and is provided with an exhaust port flange (15), and the exhaust port flange (15) is connected with the exhaust channel.
10. The method of testing a CMC combustor basket test chamber of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
selecting a proper test piece (7), setting the size, the hole interval and the inclination angle of the air film hole (8) according to test requirements, and processing the surface of the test piece (7) by adopting laser;
step two, the upper end of a test piece (7) is fixedly connected with a clamping groove (10) on the surface of a cover plate (9), a test piece taking and placing area is placed from the upper part of a box body, the other cover plate (9) is used for fixedly connecting the lower end of the test piece (7) from the lower part of the box body, a ceramic-based fiber gasket is placed between the two cover plates (9) and the box body for sealing, and the upper cover plate (9) and the lower cover plate (9) are fixed on the box body through screws;
thirdly, selecting a detachable airflow regulator (6) with a proper caliber and an appropriate angle according to the test requirements, fixing the detachable airflow regulator (6) on the high-temperature air inlet (4), sealing by adopting a ceramic-based fiber gasket, and fixing by using screws;
fourthly, the low-temperature airflow channel is connected with an air inlet flange (14), and the exhaust channel is connected with an exhaust port flange (15);
step five, the low temperature air current flows into low temperature duct (1) through low temperature duct air inlet (3), the air film hole (8) through running through test piece (7) flows out with certain angle, get into high temperature duct (2), the high temperature air current flows into high temperature duct (2) through removable air current regulator (6) via high temperature air inlet (4), act on test piece (7) surface, two air current interactions, partial air current is discharged via gas vent (5), partial air current forms the backward flow in high temperature duct (2), simulate out the backward flow district of true CMC flame tube, observe the strain reaction of test piece (7) surface through the effect of high temperature air current in real time through quartz window (11).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110085156.4A CN112903302A (en) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-01-22 | CMC flame tube test box and test method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110085156.4A CN112903302A (en) | 2021-01-22 | 2021-01-22 | CMC flame tube test box and test method thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113587147A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-02 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | Ceramic base flame tube positioning structure |
| CN114112406A (en) * | 2021-11-30 | 2022-03-01 | 中国航发湖南动力机械研究所 | Test device for measuring cooling hole of flame tube |
| WO2022269172A1 (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2022-12-29 | Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique | Method for characterizing a mechanical component |
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Application publication date: 20210604 |