CN111520758A - A flame tube wall structure integrating fuel preheating wall surface cooling - Google Patents
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- CN111520758A CN111520758A CN202010185548.3A CN202010185548A CN111520758A CN 111520758 A CN111520758 A CN 111520758A CN 202010185548 A CN202010185548 A CN 202010185548A CN 111520758 A CN111520758 A CN 111520758A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/42—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the arrangement or form of the flame tubes or combustion chambers
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Abstract
本发明提出的一种燃油预热壁面冷却一体的火焰筒壁结构，包括：火焰筒壁面、冷却小孔、U形燃油通道、喷油孔。火焰筒壁有倾斜穿透火焰筒壁的冷却小孔，在火焰筒壁内部有U形燃油通道，燃油通过通道从火焰筒前部流至火焰筒后部，之后返回到火焰筒前部，从燃油通道末端的喷油孔喷向火焰筒内参与燃烧。通过在火焰筒壁面设置冷却小孔和燃油通道的方式，在保证火焰筒壁面上的冷却小孔能够形成高质量冷却气膜的前提下，通过燃油与火焰筒壁面间的对流换热，进一步增强火焰筒壁面的冷却效率，本方案既能降低火焰筒质量，燃油经过预热还能够提高燃烧效率，降低污染物排放。
The invention proposes a flame tube wall structure with integrated fuel oil preheating wall surface cooling, which includes: a flame tube wall surface, a small cooling hole, a U-shaped fuel channel, and a fuel injection hole. The flame tube wall has cooling holes that penetrate the flame tube wall obliquely, and there is a U-shaped fuel channel inside the flame tube wall. The fuel flows from the front of the flame tube to the rear of the flame tube through the channel, and then returns to the front of the flame tube. The fuel injection hole at the end of the fuel passage is sprayed into the flame tube to participate in the combustion. By arranging cooling holes and fuel passages on the wall of the flame tube, on the premise that the cooling holes on the wall of the flame tube can form a high-quality cooling gas film, the convection heat exchange between the fuel oil and the wall of the flame tube is further enhanced. The cooling efficiency of the wall surface of the flame tube can not only reduce the quality of the flame tube, but also improve the combustion efficiency and reduce the pollutant emission after the fuel is preheated.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于燃气涡轮发动机领域，具体涉及一种燃油预热壁面冷却一体的火焰筒壁结构。The invention belongs to the field of gas turbine engines, and in particular relates to a flame tube wall structure with an integrated fuel oil preheating wall surface cooling.
背景技术Background technique
燃烧室的主燃区燃气温度可高达2400K,是燃气轮机的最高温度区，而目前火焰筒壁金属材料正常工作温度不超过1300K,材料无法承受在远超过其正常工作温度的恶劣环境下长时间工作,因此必须对燃烧室火焰筒进行冷却,以防止火焰筒被烧坏而降低燃烧室寿命,进而降低发动机寿命。因此，未用于燃烧的空气，大约占60％的总空气流量，被逐渐引入火焰筒。这部分空气大约有三分之一用来在稀释区降低燃气的温度，然后再进入涡轮，而其余的空气则用来冷却火焰筒的壁面。实现这一点借助于一薄层冷却空气沿火焰筒壁的内表面流动，将火焰筒壁面与热燃气隔开。The gas temperature of the main combustion zone of the combustion chamber can be as high as 2400K, which is the highest temperature zone of the gas turbine. At present, the normal working temperature of the metal material of the flame tube wall does not exceed 1300K, and the material cannot withstand long-term work in a harsh environment far exceeding its normal working temperature. , Therefore, the combustion chamber flame tube must be cooled to prevent the flame tube from being burned out and reduce the life of the combustion chamber, thereby reducing the life of the engine. Therefore, air not used for combustion, approximately 60% of the total air flow, is gradually introduced into the flame barrel. About one-third of this air is used to cool the gas in the dilution zone before entering the turbine, while the rest is used to cool the walls of the flame tube. This is achieved by means of a thin layer of cooling air flowing along the inner surface of the flame tube wall, isolating the flame tube wall surface from the hot gases.
随着涡轮发动机性能的提升，发动机的压比和燃烧室温升也逐渐提高，这就使火焰筒壁面承受更大的热负荷。燃烧用气量增加然而进气量不变，所以冷却用气量只能减少。而火焰筒壁面热负荷也在增加，这就需要采用更先进的冷却方式，用更少的冷气量达到更好的冷却效果。传统的火焰筒壁一般采用发散冷却、气膜冷却、冲击气膜冷却等冷却方式，结构也多为单层壁结构，基本原理都是冷空气从燃烧室的内外环腔通过各种孔缝进入火焰筒，并在其内壁形成气膜，以起到冷却效果。传统的冷却结构总体冷却效率低，已经不能很好适应当今涡轮发动机热负荷增大，冷气量减少的现状。近年来，微小孔冷却技术已经成为先进涡轮发动机热端部件冷却技术的重要发展方向，其中同时采用多种微小孔冷却方式的复合冷却方式经国外试验有压力损失小，冷却效率高等优点，具有极大地应用价值。With the improvement of the performance of the turbine engine, the pressure ratio of the engine and the rise of the combustion room temperature are gradually increased, which makes the wall of the flame tube bear a greater thermal load. The amount of combustion gas increases but the intake air remains the same, so the cooling gas consumption can only be reduced. The heat load on the wall of the flame tube is also increasing, which requires the use of more advanced cooling methods to achieve better cooling effects with less cold air. The traditional flame tube wall generally adopts divergent cooling, air film cooling, impinging air film cooling and other cooling methods, and the structure is mostly single-layer wall structure. The basic principle is that cold air enters from the inner and outer ring cavities of the combustion chamber through various holes and slits Flame tube, and form a gas film on its inner wall to have a cooling effect. The overall cooling efficiency of the traditional cooling structure is low, and it can no longer be well adapted to the current situation of increasing heat load of turbine engines and reducing the amount of cold air. In recent years, micro-hole cooling technology has become an important development direction of advanced turbine engine hot-end component cooling technology. Among them, the composite cooling method that uses multiple micro-hole cooling methods at the same time has the advantages of small pressure loss and high cooling efficiency through foreign tests. Earth application value.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明要解决的技术问题是提出一种燃油预热壁面冷却一体的火焰筒壁结构，与现有技术相比，本方案的优点是通过在火焰筒壁面设置冷却小孔和燃油通道的方式，在保证火焰筒壁面上的冷却小孔能够形成高质量冷却气膜的前提下，通过燃油与火焰筒壁面间的对流换热，进一步增强火焰筒壁面的冷却效率，还起到了降低火焰筒质量的效果。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a flame tube wall structure that integrates the cooling of the fuel preheating wall surface. On the premise that the cooling holes on the wall of the flame tube can form a high-quality cooling gas film, the convective heat exchange between the fuel oil and the wall of the flame tube further enhances the cooling efficiency of the wall of the flame tube, and also reduces the quality of the flame tube. Effect.
技术方案Technical solutions
本发明的目的在于提供一种燃油预热壁面冷却一体的火焰筒壁结构。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a flame tube wall structure with integrated fuel oil preheating wall surface cooling.
本发明技术方案如下：The technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种燃油预热壁面冷却一体的火焰筒壁结构，包括：火焰筒壁面、冷却小孔、U形燃油通道、喷油孔。其特征在于：火焰筒壁有倾斜穿透火焰筒壁的冷却小孔，在火焰筒壁内部有U形燃油通道，燃油通过通道从火焰筒前部流至火焰筒后部，之后返回到火焰筒前部，通过燃油通道末端的喷油孔喷向火焰筒内参与燃烧。A flame tube wall structure with integrated fuel preheating wall surface cooling, comprising: a flame tube wall surface, a small cooling hole, a U-shaped fuel channel, and a fuel injection hole. It is characterized in that: the wall of the flame tube has small cooling holes that penetrate the wall of the flame tube obliquely, and there is a U-shaped fuel oil channel inside the flame tube wall, and the fuel flows from the front of the flame tube to the rear of the flame tube through the channel, and then returns to the flame tube. The front part is sprayed into the flame tube through the fuel injection hole at the end of the fuel channel to participate in the combustion.
所述一种燃油预热壁面冷却一体的火焰筒壁结构，其特征为：火焰筒壁面的冷却小孔为倾斜孔，小孔轴线与火焰筒壁面夹角为30°-60°，小孔直径为1-2.5mm，小孔的排列方式即可以选择依次排列，也可以选择差序排列。The flame tube wall structure with integrated fuel oil preheating wall surface cooling is characterized in that: the small cooling holes on the wall surface of the flame tube are inclined holes, the angle between the axis of the small hole and the wall surface of the flame tube is 30°-60°, and the diameter of the small hole is 30°-60°. It is 1-2.5mm, and the arrangement of the small holes can be arranged in sequence or in differential order.
所述一种燃油预热壁面冷却一体的火焰筒壁结构，其特征为：所述U形燃油通道截面呈圆形，其直径为火焰筒厚度的1/3-1/2，U形燃油通道方向与火焰筒进口方向先相同后相反，呈回流状，沿火焰筒周向可设置6-12个U形燃油通道绕火焰筒轴线均匀分布。The flame tube wall structure with integrated fuel oil preheating wall surface cooling is characterized in that: the cross section of the U-shaped fuel channel is circular, its diameter is 1/3-1/2 of the thickness of the flame tube, and the U-shaped fuel channel The direction is the same as the inlet direction of the flame tube first and then opposite, showing a backflow shape. 6-12 U-shaped fuel channels can be set along the circumference of the flame tube and evenly distributed around the axis of the flame tube.
所述一种燃油预热壁面冷却一体的火焰筒壁结构，其特征为：所述喷油孔位于U形燃油通道末端，喷油孔直径与U形燃油通道截面直径相同，一个喷油孔与一个U形燃油通道匹配，喷油孔的喷油方向垂直于火焰筒轴向。The flame cylinder wall structure with integrated fuel preheating wall surface cooling is characterized in that: the fuel injection hole is located at the end of the U-shaped fuel channel, the diameter of the fuel injection hole is the same as the diameter of the section of the U-shaped fuel channel, and one fuel injection hole is the same as the diameter of the U-shaped fuel channel. A U-shaped fuel channel is matched, and the injection direction of the injection hole is perpendicular to the axis of the flame tube.
本发明具有以下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明提出的一种燃油预热壁面冷却一体的火焰筒壁结构，通过在火焰筒壁面设置冷却小孔和燃油通道的方式，在保证火焰筒壁面上的冷却小孔能够形成高质量冷却气膜的前提下，通过燃油与火焰筒壁面间的对流换热，进一步增强火焰筒壁面的冷却效率，本方案既能降低火焰筒质量，燃油经过预热还能够提高燃烧效率，降低污染物排放。The invention proposes a flame tube wall structure with integrated fuel oil preheating wall surface cooling. By arranging small cooling holes and fuel oil passages on the wall surface of the flame tube, the cooling holes on the wall surface of the flame tube can form a high-quality cooling gas film. On the premise of the convective heat exchange between the fuel oil and the wall of the flame tube, the cooling efficiency of the wall of the flame tube is further enhanced. This solution can not only reduce the quality of the flame tube, but also improve the combustion efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions after the fuel is preheated.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1：一种燃油预热壁面冷却一体的火焰筒壁平板结构示意图Figure 1: A schematic diagram of the structure of a flame tube wall plate with integrated fuel preheating wall surface cooling
图2：一种燃油预热壁面冷却一体的火焰筒壁平板结构剖视图Figure 2: A cross-sectional view of a flame tube wall plate structure with integrated fuel preheating wall surface cooling
图中：1-火焰筒壁，2-U形燃油通道，3-冷却小孔，4-喷油孔In the picture: 1-flame tube wall, 2-U-shaped fuel passage, 3-cooling hole, 4-fuel injection hole
具体实施方式Detailed ways
现结合附图对本发明作进一步描述：Now in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:
结合图1和图2，本发明提供了一种燃油预热壁面冷却一体的火焰筒壁结构。图1为一种燃油预热壁面冷却一体的火焰筒壁平板结构示意图，图2为一种燃油预热壁面冷却一体的火焰筒壁平板结构剖视图。1 and 2, the present invention provides a flame tube wall structure with integrated fuel preheating wall surface cooling. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a flame tube wall plate structure with an integrated fuel preheating wall surface and cooling, and Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a flame tube wall plate structure with an integrated fuel oil preheating wall surface cooling.
如图2所示，冷却空气通过冷却小孔(3)进入火焰筒内，在高速气流的作用下在火焰筒内壁面上形成一阵冷却气膜，倾斜的冷却小孔(3)能够使冷却空气更易形成高质量的冷却气膜，燃油进入U形燃油通道(2)后，从火焰筒前段流至后段再返回到火焰筒前段，此过程中通过对流换热作用冷却火焰筒壁面，同时预热燃油，随后燃油从U形燃油通道(2)末端的喷油孔(4)喷入火焰筒内参与燃烧。As shown in Figure 2, the cooling air enters the flame tube through the cooling holes (3), and a cooling air film is formed on the inner wall of the flame tube under the action of high-speed airflow. The inclined cooling holes (3) can make the cooling air It is easier to form a high-quality cooling gas film. After the fuel enters the U-shaped fuel channel (2), it flows from the front section of the flame tube to the rear section and then returns to the front section of the flame tube. During this process, the wall of the flame tube is cooled by convection heat exchange, and the The hot fuel is then injected into the flame tube from the fuel injection hole (4) at the end of the U-shaped fuel channel (2) to participate in the combustion.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112902227A (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2021-06-04 | 西北工业大学 | Multi-channel evaporating pipe of combustion chamber of micro engine |
| CN113464283A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-10-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Compound initiative cooling structure of rotatory detonation engine and rotatory detonation engine |
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